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Imililo ye-Solar Panel ephahleni, ama-Inverter Arc Faults, kanye ne-Home Battery Thermal Runaway

Izinombolo zezimo eziphuthumayo ziyehluka ngezwe. Leli khasi lisebenzisa u-911, inombolo yase-United States naseCanada. Amanye amazwe amaningi asebenzisa u-112, 999, noma enye inombolo. Thola inombolo yezwe lakini.

Amalungu afanayo okuhlala e-solar photovoltaic (PV) futhi afakwe egaraji I-Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi izindonga zebhethri lasekhaya noma amabhethri elanga lasekhaya lonke, aguqula indlu isuke kusisebenzisi kagesi engenzi lutho ibe isikhungo samandla asebenzayo. Nakuba amasistimu elanga nebhethri afakwe kahle asebenza ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka, angenisa izingozi ezimbili zikagesi namakhemikhali eziziphatha ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele kunezintambo ezijwayelekile zegridi yensiza ngesikhathi sesimo esiphuthumayo: isizukulwane esiqhubekayo se-voltage ephezulu ye-Direct Current (DC) noma nini lapho ukukhanya kushaya uphahla, kanye nebhethri le-lithium-ion elishisayo eliphuma ekushiseni.

Uma umnikazi wendlu ecisha isinqamuli sesevisi kagesi esingama-amp angu-200 ukuze AVALE ngesikhathi sokusha kwendlu evamile, zonke izintambo ezingaphakathi kwezindonga ziyafa. Ekhaya elifakwe amandla elanga, awukwazi ukucisha ilanga. Ngisho nangemva kokuba uphenye i-AC Solar Breaker kuphaneli yakho enkulu futhi ucime inverter, amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwakho ayaqhubeka ekhiqiza 300 kuya ku-600 volts we-Direct Current (DC) inqobo nje uma kukhanya emini, noma ngisho namalambu agqamile esehlakalo sesicishamlilo, akhanya kumamojula engilazi, ngaphandle kwalapho ugesi wesistimu u-300 kuya ku-600 volts we-Rapid trigger ukwehla ngokufanelekile* ama-volts. Uma zingafani noma zixegeka izixhumi zepulaki le-MC4, izintambo ezifanayo ezihlafunwa izingwejeje, noma amaswishi e-isolator e-DC agqwalile athuthukisa uchungechunge iphutha le-DC arc, ijezi eliqondile eliqhubekayo lisekela i-3,000-degree-Celsius (5,400-degree-Fahrenheit) voltage enqamula i-plasma alterting zerolumi engalokothi amafreyimu wephaneli kanye nama-shingles ophahleni lwe-asphalt oluvuthayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma udonga lwebhethri lasekhaya le-lithium-ion elifakwe egaraji lihlushwa iseli yangaphakathi elifushane noma ukucwiliswa kwamanzi ezikhukhula, likhipha amafu aminyene amagesi avuthayo amhlophe, anephunga elimnandi (i-hydrogen, i-carbon monoxide, ne-hydrogen fluoride) engaqhuma ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ugesi ovuthayo ovalekile. Ukwazi ukuthi ungayishaya kanjani iswishi yangaphandle ye-PV Rapid Shutdown, kungani ungalokothi ugibele ophahleni noma ufafaze ipayipi lengadi emlilweni ohambisana nelanga, nokuthi ungaphuma kanjani ngokushesha lapho udonga lwebhethri lasekhaya luhayiza noma lukhipha umhwamuko omhlophe usindisa izimpilo.

Yenza lokhu manje

Uma ubona intuthu, izinhlansi, noma amalangabi ephuma kumaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwakho, ibhokisi lokuguqula intambo esodongeni lwakho, noma indawo yokuhlala yebhethri ye-lithium-ion egaraji lakho noma egumbini lezinsiza, yenza lezi zenzo eziyisithupha ngokushesha:

  1. UNGALOKOTHI ugibele ophahleni noma ufafaze ipayipi lengadi endaweni evuthayo yephaneli yelanga noma inverter: Amaphaneli elanga kanye nepayipi lawo elingaphansi le-DC ahlala enamandla afinyelela ku-600 volts DC noma nini lapho ukukhanya kushaya amaphaneli. Ukuqondisa umfudlana oqinile wamanzi kampompi asuka epayipini lasengadini aye embotsheni yelanga eqhekekile, eyi-600-volt DC ihambisa amandla aqondile abulalayo aqonde phansi emfudlaneni wamanzi afike ezandleni zakho, okubangele ukuqina kwe-ventricular osheshayo noma ukukhiya imisipha yakho kubhobho lepayipi.
  2. Uma udonga lwebhethri lasekhaya egaraji lakho luheyiza, luqhume, luvuvuke, noma lukhiphe umhwamuko omhlophe/ompunga, PHUMANI MASHESHA futhi ungahambi uye kubhethri ukuze uguqule ukushintsha kwalo: Ibhethri lasekhaya le-lithium-ion eliheyiyo noma elibhemayo liyasebenza i-thermal runaway futhi igcwalisa igaraji nge-carbon_hydrogen oxide eqhumayo $$ (\(CO\)), kanye ne-hydrogen fluoride ebolayo (\(HF\)). Ukukhuphukela kukhabethe yebhethri ukuze ucindezele inkinobho yayo eseceleni yamandla kukubeka ngokuqondile endaweni yokuqhuma kwe- ukuwohloka kwefu lomhwamuko okuseduze.
  3. Shiya umnyango omkhulu wegalaji ongaphezulu UVULEKILE uma usuvele uvuliwe, noma phuma ngomnyango ongaphambili ngaphandle kokucindezela isivalo sesicabha sikagesi: Uma ibhethri legaraji lakho likhipha igesi emhlophe egaraji elivaliwe, ukucindezela inkinobho yodonga lomnyango wegaraji elingaphezulu elinenjini kudala inhlansi yokudlulisela ugesi khona kanye ezingeni likasilingi lapho igesi ye-hydrogen ekhuphukayo iqoqa khona. Khipha wonke umuntu endlini ngomnyango ongaphambili uhamba ngezinyawo futhi uhlale kude nomnyango wegalaji (osebenza njengendawo yokukhulula ukuqhuma uma igesi ivutha).
  4. Uma isimo esiphuthumayo siku-ROOF noma ku-INVERTER (futhi AKUYONA ibhethri eliphuma igesi eduze kwamaswishi), yenza kusebenze iswishi yangaphandle ye-Solar Rapid Shutdown (RSD) kanye ne-AC Solar Disconnect: Hamba uye endaweni yakho yangaphandle yemitha yokusetshenziswa kukagesi. Shaya ikhowa elibomvu I-PV Rapid Shutdown Switch (noma donsa ingaphandle Isivikelo se-AC Solar Nqamula uye endaweni YOKUVALIWE). Ezinhlelweni zesimanje ezithobela amakhodi (NEC 690.12), ukusika amandla e-AC noma ukushaya inkinobho ye-Rapid Shutdown kukhipha amandla ama-electronics asezingeni lemojuli ophahleni, kwehlise i-conductor voltage ibe ngaphansi kwama-volts angu-30 ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-30.
  5. Shayela abezimo eziphuthumayo kusukela okungenani ngamamitha angu-30 (amafidi angu-100) phezulu bese utshela ohambisa isiphakeli ngokuqondile ukuthi unesimo esiphuthumayo se-SOLAR PV noma i-HOME BATTERY WALL: Shayela indawo yangakini izinombolo eziphuthumayo (911 e-United States naseCanada, 112 yonkana i-European Union, 999 e-United Kingdom). Yisho ngokucacile: "Sinomlilo wephaneli yelanga ophahleni / inverter fire / ibhethri lasekhaya le-lithium-ion elishisayo elibalekayo] [ekhelini]; indlu ine-solar ephezu kophahla kanye nesistimu yokugcina ibhethri ye-[brand/kWh] [egaraji / phansi / odongeni lwangaphandle]."
  6. Gcina wonke amalungu omndeni, izilwane ezifuywayo kanye nomakhelwane bephuma entuthuni: Intuthu ephuma ekushiseni ama-backsheets ephaneli yelanga (tedlar/fluoropolymers) kanye ne-lithium-ion battery electrolyte iqukethe igesii-hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\)) enobuthi kanye nezinhlayiya zensimbi enzima. Ukuhogela ngisho nenani elincane lomhwamuko webhethri kubangela ukubambezeleka okukhulu kwamakhemikhali e-pulmonary edema (uketshezi olusemaphashini); funa ukuhlolwa kodokotela ngokushesha uma kukhona ophefumule intuthu.

Kungani umhwamuko omhlophe ophuma odongeni lwebhethri lasekhaya uyingozi kakhulu kunamalangabi avulekile

Izicishamlilo nonjiniyela bebhethri besaba ibhethri elikhipha umhwamuko omhlophe ngaphezu kwebhethri eselivele livutha amalangabi awolintshi avulekile. Lapho udonga lwebhethri yasekhaya engu-13.5 kWh i-lithium-ion lushisa ngaphakathi ngaphandle kokubamba umlilo ngokushesha, iseli ngalinye elihlulekayo likhipha amakhulu wamalitha egesi ye-hydrogen engashisiwe (\(H_2\), amaphesenti angu-30 kuya kwangu-40 evolumu yegesi engekho), i-carbon monoxide (\(CO\), 20 kuya ku-30 ​​iphesenti), ne-carbonate vaporthane exazululiwe Ngenxa yokuthi lawa magesi axutshwe nomoya ngaphakathi kwegaraji elivaliwe noma ikhabethe lezinsiza, ifu elimhlophe liyi-* isiqhumane somoya esixutshwe ngamafutha. Inhlansi eyodwa emile noma ukukhanya komshayeli wesithando somlilo kungaqhumisa ifu lomhwamuko omhlophe, kuphephule isicabha segalaji amamitha angu-30 ngaphesheya komgwaqo futhi kudilike iphansi lekamelo lokulala ngaphezu kwegalaji.

Isihlahla sesinqumo esihlakaniphile se-solar PV nezimo eziphuthumayo zebhethri lasekhaya

Sebenzisa lesi sihlahla sesinqumo sokusebenza ukuze uphendule ngokuphephile emlilweni welanga ophezu kophahla, iphutha le-arc ye-inverter/isolator, noma indawo eshisayo yokugcina ibhethri lasekhaya ngaphandle kokuhlushwa ugesi noma ukulimala kokuqhuma.

flowchart TD
    Start["Intuthu, i-Arcing, Popping, Chemical Odor, noma Flames kuSolar PV noma Isistimu Yebhethri Yasekhaya"] --> Source{"1. Iyiphi ingxenye ehlulekayo?"}
    Source -->|"A. Udonga Lwebhethri Lasekhaya (BESS) I-Hissing, Hot, noma I-Venting Vapor"| NoApproach["UNGASONDELI IBHATHA: I-Hydrogen Eqhumayo Nengozi Yegesi Ye-HF Enobuthi"]
    NoApproach --> EvacHouse["Khipha bonke abahlali nezilwane ezifuywayo ngomnyango wangaphambili (UNGASEBENZISI isivalo sikagesi segaraji); hambisa umoya ongu-30m+ (100 ft+) phezulu"]
    EvacHouse --> MeterClear{"Ingabe imitha yokusetshenziswa yangaphandle/iswishi ye-Rapid Shutdown esodongeni oluhlukile isula intuthu yebhethri?"}
    MeterClear -->|"Yebo: Kucace Ngokuphelele Ngaphandle"| PullMeter["Donsa i-AC Solar / ESS Nqamula I-Lever ukuze UVALE bese ucindezela Inkinobho Yokuvala Okusheshayo Okubomvu"]
    MeterClear -->|"Cha: Ngaphakathi Kwegaraji noma Eduze Nentuthu"| LeaveSwitches["Shiya wonke amaswishi engathintwa; linda i-HazMat yoMnyango Wezomlilo kanye ne-Engine Crew"]
    Source -->|"B. I-Rooftop Solar Panel noma I-Wall Inverter Ukubhema/I-Arcing"| StayOffRoof["1. UNGALOKOTHI ugibele ophahleni noma ufafaze ipayipi lengadi kuma-solar panel<br/>2. Khipha umndeni ngaphandle"]
    StayOffRoof --> ShutSolar["Kudonga Lwemitha Yangaphandle (uma lucwebile):<br/>1. Iswishi yokuvala esheshayo ye-PV ebomvu ye-Slap<br/>2. Donsa i-AC Solar Nqamula i-Lever VALIWE<br/>3. Phenya I-Main Solar Breaker ku-Main Panel"]
    ShutSolar --> TurnOffDC["Kuphela UMA I-Inverter INGABE AYIbhemi/I-arcing: Vula I-Rotary DC Isolator Shintshela I-Inverter ukuze IVALI"]
    PullMeter --> Call911["Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999: Yazisa Umthumeli Wendawo Yebhethri ye-Rooftop Solar + Lithium"]
    LeaveSwitches --> Call911
    TurnOffDC --> Call911

I-matrix yokuqhathanisa: izindawo ezi-3 zokuhluleka kwesistimu yelanga kanye nezingozi zazo ezihlukile

Indawo yokuhlala ye-solar-plus-storage iqukethe izindawo ezintathu ezihlukene zikagesi. Indawo ngayinye ihluleka ngokuhlukile futhi idinga iphrothokholi ethile yokuhlukanisa.

Indawo Yesistimu Nengxenye I-Voltage Esebenzayo Ejwayelekile I-Primary Fire Ignition Mechanism Kungani Ukucisha Umlilo Okujwayelekile / Ukuvala Kwehluleka Isenzo Somninikhaya Esiphephile
Indawo 1: Amamojula e-PV e-Rooftop, Izixhumi ze-MC4, ne-DC Conduit 300V kuya ku-600V DC (Amasistimu ezintambo) noma 30V kuya ku-80V DC iphaneli ngayinye (Ama-Microinverters / Optimizers) Uchungechunge noma i-Parallel DC Arc Fault: Izixhumi ze-MC4 zenkambu ezingaqinile kahle zihlangana nemikhiqizo ehlukene, ukungena kwamanzi, noma amazinyo engwejeje/amagundane ahlafuna ngocingo lwe-DC PV olufakwa ngaphansi kwamaphaneli, kwakheka uphahla oluqinile lwe-3,000°C (5,400°F) lwe-DC plasma olubasela ngaphansi Ukukhanya kwasemini kugcina amaphaneli egcwele: UKUPHEPHEZULU isinqamuli sendlu enkulu VALI akuvimbi amaseli e-silicon ukuthi akhiqize amandla kagesi ngaphandle uma idivayisi esebenzayo ethi NEC 690.12 Rapid Shutdown ihlukanisa iphaneli ngayinye endizeni esophahleni Ungalokothi ufafaze amanzi ophahleni. Shaya ingaphandle iswishi yokuvala Okusheshayo (noma vala i-AC Solar Disconnect, ecupha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvalwa okusheshayo kwama-microinverter nezintambo ezithuthukisiwe) bese uphuma.
Indawo 2: I-String Inverter kanye ne-Rotary DC Isolator Switch **300V kuya ku-600V DC Okokufaka ** / 240V AC Okukhiphayo I-DC Isolator Switch Meltdown: Ukufiphala komswakama noma ukugqwala kokuxhumana ngaphakathi kwamaswishi e-rotary DC isolator (noma amatheminali angama-screw ukumelana kakhulu ngaphakathi kwe-inverter) ukushisa ngokweqile ngaphansi komthwalo welanga wasemini. Ukuzungeza ngaphakathi kweswishi ye-DC encibilikayo: Uma ibhokisi elihlukanisayo le-DC elijikelezayo selivele liyabhema, liyakhazimula, noma lihayiza, ukulithinta ukuze ulivale kungase kubangele ukuqhuma kwe-arc-flash esandleni sakho. Ungalokothi uthinte isihlukanisi se-DC esibhemayo noma isiguquli. Esikhundleni salokho, gibela i-AC Solar Breaker kuphaneli kagesi eyinhloko ukuze umise ukudonsa kwamanje (ukwehlisa umthamo we-inverter ube nguziro ampere) bese ushayela ku-911 / 112/999.
Indawo 3: Udonga Lwesitoreji Sebhethri Lasekhaya (BESS: LFP noma i-NMC Lithium-Ion) 48V ukuya ku-400V DC (10 kuya ku-40+ kWh agciniwe amandla) I-Internal Cell Short, Ukwehluleka kwe-BMS, noma Ukucwiliswa Amanzi Asawoti: Ukonakala kokukhiqiza, umthelela wemishini osuka kubhampa wemoto egaraji, noma isiphepho samanzi esikhukhula agonakalisa Isistimu Yokulawula Ibhethri (BMS) futhi sicupha i-exothermic thermal runaway I-self-oxidizing chemical reaction: Amaseli e-lithium-ion akhiqiza owawo umoya-mpilo njengoba izinto ze-cathode ziphuka; ukunqanyulwa kwamandla kagesi noma ukufafaza isicishamlilo samakhemikhali esomile akukwazi ukumisa ukusakazeka kokushisa kwangaphakathi kweseli kuya kuseli Phuma ngokushesha lapho uqala ukuhayiza, i-pop, noma iphunga lekhemikhali elimnandi. Hambisa umoya ongu-30m (100 ft) phezulu futhi uvumele izicishamlilo zipholise izindonga ezincikene ngokugeleza kwamanzi okuyinhloko kuyilapho ibhethri lisha noma liphuma umoya.

I-Deep 1: Imililo yephaneli yelanga ephahleni, ama-arcs okuxhuma i-MC4, nokuthi kungani i-DC current ibulala kangaka

Uphenyo lwe-post-fire forensic olwenziwe BRE National Solar Center (United Kingdom), Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), kanye UL Solutions (United States) lwembula ukuthi ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-70 emililo yelanga ephezu kophahla awaqali ngaphakathi kwamaphaneli elanga engilazi ngokwawo; ziqala ku-DC izintambo, izixhumi zepulagi ze-MC4 eziboshwe endaweni, kanye namaswishi e-isolator asophahleni lwe-DC afakwe ngaphansi kwamaphaneli.

Kungani ama-arcs e-Direct Current (DC) evutha njengethoshi yokushisela

Ezingeni elijwayelekile lekhaya lakho elingu-120-volt noma elingu-230-volt Alternating Current (AC) izintambo, amandla ogesi ashintshana aye emuva naphambili izikhathi ezingu-50 noma ezingu-60 njalo ngomzuzwana, edlula ku-ziro volts 100 kuya ku-120 ngomzuzwana. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho amandla kagesi e-AC eqa uziro, inhlansi kagesi ivala ngokwemvelo i-millisecond, okwenza ama-AC arcs abe mafushane futhi kube lula ukuthi ama-circuit breaker aphazamise.

I-Direct Current (DC) evela kuphaneli yelanga ayilokothi iweqe amavolthi aziro. Lapho isixhumi esixegekile se-MC4 ngaphansi kwephaneli yelanga sihlukana kancane ngenxa yokwanda nokuncipha kokushisa (ukushisa kufika ku-70°C / 158°F njalo ntambama kanye nokubanda ebusuku), noma lapho ingwejeje ihlafuna ngentambo ye-PV0-volt emnyama yebhantshi le-DC 40 volt - I-voltage ye-unidirectional eqhubekayo yeqa igebe futhi ishaya i-DC plasma arc eqhubekayo ku-*3,000 degrees Celsius (5,400 degrees Fahrenheit)**, efana ne-physics ye-industrial DC arc welder. - I-arc incibilikisa indlu yepulasitiki ye-MC4, ihwamulise intambo yethusi, inyibilike ngohlaka lwephaneli yelanga ye-aluminium, futhi yehlisela insimbi encibilikisiwe eshisayo emhlophe emaqabunga omile, ezidlekeni zezinyoni, kanye nama-shingles ophahleni lwe-asphalt avaleleke ngaphansi kohlu.

Ungasikhipha kanjani amandla ngokuphepha isistimu yelanga ukusuka phansi (Isinyathelo ngesinyathelo)

Wonke umnikazi wendlu onesolar esophahleni kufanele athole amaswishi akhe okunqamula ngaphandle ngaphambi kokuthi kwenzeke isimo esiphuthumayo. Kuye ngokuthi isistimu yakho ifakwe nini nokuthi isebenzisa Microinverters, DC Power Optimizers nge-String Inverter, noma Isiguquli Sentambo Esidala Esingathuthukisiwe, ukuvala isistimu kusebenza kanje:

   [EXTERIOR SOLAR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE]

   Locate Utility Meter Wall on Outside of House:

   +------------------------+     +------------------------+
   | [Red Mushroom Button]  |     |  [Metal Lever Box]     |
   |  PV RAPID SHUTDOWN     |     |  AC SOLAR DISCONNECT   |
   |  (Push Inward)         |     |  (Pull Handle DOWN)    |
   +-----------+------------+     +-----------+------------+
               |                              |
               +--------------+---------------+
                              v
      Drops Rooftop Voltage to <30V in 30 Seconds
      on Modern Code-Compliant Systems (NEC 690.12)
  1. Isinyathelo 1: Yenza kusebenze Ukuvala Okushesha Kwe-PV Kwangaphandle / Ukunqamula I-Solar ye-AC:
  2. Hamba ngaphandle uye kumitha yakho enkulu kagesi. Eduze kwemitha, bheka ibhokisi lensimbi lelever elibhalwe ukuthi "PV SYSTEM DISCONNECT" / "AC SOLAR DISCONNECT" kanye/noma inkinobho yokusunduza ebomvu ngokugqamile ebhalwe "RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM."
  3. Phushela inkinobho ebomvu yokuvala Ngokushesha phakathi bese udonse insimbi yokubeka insimbi ebhokisini le-AC Solar Nqamula uqonde PHANSI endaweni ethi VALIWE.
  4. Okwenziwa yilokhu kumasistimu esimanje (afakwe ngemva kuka-2017 kuya ku-2020 eNyakatho Melika):
    • Uma uphahla lwakho lisebenzisa Ama-Microinverters (lapho iphaneli yelanga ngayinye iguqulela i-DC ibe yi-AC khona kanye ngaphansi kwephaneli), ukudonsa i-AC Solar Disconnect ngokushesha kucupha ukudluliselwa okulwa nokuhlehla kwe-microinverters, kuvalwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuwo wonke amaphaneli ophahleni ngaphansi kwesekhondi elingu-1.
    • Uma uphahla lwakho lisebenzisa I-DC Power Optimizers noma Izamukeli Zokuvala Okusheshayo, ukusika isignali yokulawula i-AC kubangela ibhokisi lemojula yophahla ngalunye ukuthi lehlise ukuphuma kwalo endaweni ephephile i-volt engu-1 iphaneli ngayinye (ingqikithi engaphansi kuka-30 volts kuyo yonke iyunithi yezinhlamvu) phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-30.
  5. Isinyathelo sesi-2: Phenya "I-Solar / PV Breaker" esekelwe ngemuva ngaphakathi kwePhaneli yakho kagesi Eyinhloko:
  6. Vula ibhokisi lakho eliyinhloko le-breaker house. Phansi impela kwebha yebhasi (ngokuphambene ne-main 200A breaker), thola isinqamuli esinezigxobo ezimbili esibhalwe ukuthi isitikha esibomvu sifundeka kanje "I-SOLAR PV DISCONNECT" / "I-BACKFED SOLAR BREAKER" bese uyiphenyele ku-OFF.
  7. Isinyathelo sesi-3: Vula i-Rotary DC Nqamula Shintsha I-Inverter ukuthi IVALE (KUPHELA uma isiguquli ngokwayo sipholile futhi singonakalisiwe):
  8. Phansi noma ohlangothini lwebhokisi lokuguqula iyunithi yezinhlamvu kunokudayela okujikelezayo okumnyama noma okubomvu okubhalwe ukuthi DC DISCONNECT (VULIWE / VALIWE).
  9. UMTHETHO OBALULEKILE WOKUPHEPHA: Uma ibhokisi le-inverter noma iswishi ejikelezayo ye-DC ibhema, iyabhaza, inuka njengepulasitiki eshile, noma ibonisa ukushintsha kokushisa, UNGAyithinti. Ukuguqula iswishi ye-isolator ye-DC eyonakele, enomswakama ngaphansi komthwalo kungabangela ukuthi abathintwayo bangaphakathi bashise noma baqhume nge-arc flash. Ngenxa yokuthi usuvele ucime i-AC breaker ku-Izinyathelo 1 no-2, isiguquli sesivele siku-*ziro ampere (uziro ukugeleza kwamanje)**, simisa ukushisa ngokweqile ngaphandle kokuthinta iswishi ye-DC.

Qaphela amasistimu amadala 'e-Unoptimized String Inverter' yangaphambi kuka-2017

Uma i-solar yakho ifakwe ngaphambi kokuthi NEC 690.12 Imithetho Yokuvala Okusheshayo iqale ukusebenza (noma emazweni angagunyazi ukuvala ngokushesha kweleveli yemojuli), ipayipi lepayipi le-DC eliwugqinsi lensimbi eligijima lisuka kumaphaneli elanga lidlulele elisophahleni liye ku-inverter lihlala *linikwe amandla ku-300 kuya ku-600 volts ku-volts ye-DC imitha ngayinye futhi sicisha imitha ende. ecwebezelayo. Hlala utshela abacishi bomlilo abafikayo ukuthi ingabe isistimu yakho iyisistimu entsha ye-Rapid-Shutdown / Microinverter noma isistimu yentambo yamandla kagesi aphezulu ye-DC ukuze bangalokothi banqamule ipayipi lepayipi lepayipi elingu-600V DC elibukhoma ku-attic ngesaha elijikelezayo.

I-Deep 2: Udonga lwebhethri lasekhaya (BESS) i-thermal runaway kanye nokuqhuma komhwamuko wegaraji

Izigidi zabanikazi bezindlu bamatanisa i-solar esophahleni ne-stationary Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) esukela ku-10 kuya ku-40+ kilowatt-amahora (kWh) egibele ezindongeni zegaraji, amagumbi asetshenziswayo angaphansi, noma unqenqema lwangaphandle. Ukubeka lowo mthamo wamandla ngendlela ebukekayo: udonga olulodwa lwebhethri elingu-13.5 kWh luphethe amandla alingana amabhethri aphathekayo angu-450 apakishwe kukhabethe lensimbi elilodwa.

I-LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) vs. NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) ku-thermal runaway

Izindonga zebhethri yendawo yokuhlala zisebenzisa eyodwa kwezimbili zekhemistri ye-lithium-ion: NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) noma LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate). Nakuba amabhethri e-LFP enezinga eliphezulu lokushisa elishisayo lokuqala lokushisa futhi ashise kancane ngamandla kunamaseli e-NMC, UL 9540A ukuhlolwa komlilo okukhulu kubonisa ukuthi uma amabhethri e-LFP ebaleka ngaphandle kokuvutha ngokushesha, akhipha amavolumu amakhulu e-hydrogen eqhumayo (\(H_2\)) kanye ne-carbon monoxide eqhumayo evala isikhala esiyingozi kakhulu \(CO\) igalaji.

Isixwayiso Sayina Odongeni Lwebhethri Lasekhaya Kwenzekani Ngaphakathi kweKhabhinethi I-Immediate Life-Safety Protocol
1. Iphunga elimnandi elincibilikayo elibukhali/eliyisithelo (njengesikhiphi sezinzipho noma i-ether) noma imisindo eheyizayo/ephumayo Isikhwama esisodwa noma ngaphezulu se-lithium-ion isikhwama/amaseli angama-cylindrical aphule izikhala zawo zokuphepha, akhipha i-vaporized dimethyl carbonate / ethyl methyl carbonate i-electrolyte engamanzi. Phuma endlini ngokushesha. UNGAngeni egaraji ukuze uhlole ibhethri noma ucindezele noma yiziphi izinkinobho kukesi layo.
2. Ifu lomhwamuko elimhlophe noma elimpunga eliphuma embotsheni yebhethri (Alikho ilangabi elibonakalayo) INGOZI ENKULU YOKUQHUBEKA: Amaseli ahlulekayo ampompa 30 kuya ku-40% I-Hydrogen (\(H_2\)), 20 kuya ku-30% ye-Carbon Monoxide (\(CO\)), i-Methane, ne-Hydrogen Fluoride (\(HF\)) egumbini. Ifu elimhlophe ibhomu lomoya elixutshwe ngaphambili elilinde inhlansi. Susa wonke umuntu ibanga elingu-30m (100 ft) kude nendlu. Ungalokothi ucindezele inkinobho yesicabha segaraji likagesi; hlala ngaphandle komgwaqo ophambi komnyango wegaraji (indlela yokuqhuma); xwayisa izicishamlilo ukuthi ibhethri ikhipha igesi emhlophe engavuthanga.
3. Amalangabi e-blowtorch aqondile kanye nokubhonga okukhulu okuvela endaweni ebiyelwe yibhethri I-off-gas ivutha ibe i-jet flame esebenzayo edla amagesi aphumayo ku-900°C kuya ku-1,100°C (1,650°F kuya ku-2,000°F). Nakuba ukusakazeka komlilo wesakhiwo manje kuyingozi, ingozi ekhona ngaleso sikhathi yokuqhuma kwegumbi iphansi kancane ngoba igesi iyasha njengoba iphuma. Ungasebenzisi ikhemikhali eyomile noma isicishamlilo esingu-\(CO_2\) odongeni lwebhethri lasekhaya (ukucima ilangabi ngaphandle kokumisa ukushisa kwamaseli angaphakathi kuvele kuqalise kabusha ukunqwabelana kwegesi emhlophe eqhumayo). Vala umnyango womlilo ongaphakathi egalaji ngendlu lapho uphuma bese ushayela ku-911/112/999.

Ukuhlasela kwesiphepho sesiphepho kanye nokucwiliswa kwamanzi ezikhukhula kwezindonga zebhethri lasekhaya

(Gulf of Mexico) - Kungani amanzi anosawoti abangela ukulibaziseka kwebhethri: Amanzi anosawoti ayi-electrolyte esebenza kakhulu. Uma amanzi ezikhukhula ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwesigxivizo esingezansi sodonga lwebhethri eligibele egaraji (ngokuvamile elikhwezwa amasentimitha angu-60 kuya kwangu-120 / amafidi angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 ukusuka phansi), amanzi anosawoti ahambayo ahlanganisa amabhasi e-DC anevoltheji ephezulu futhi agle amabhodi esekethe Ohlelo Lokulawulwa Kwebhethri (BMS). I-Electrolysis ikhiqiza igesi ye-hydrogen kuyilapho ukushisisa kwe-short-circuit okungapheli kushayela amaseli acwilisiwe endaweni eshisayo, ngezinye izikhathi 24 kuya kumahora angu-72 ngemva kokuphuma kwamanzi. - Iphrothokholi Yezikhukhula: Uma amanzi ezikhukhula athinte noma acwilisa noma iyiphi ingxenye yeyunithi yokugcina ibhethri lasekhaya noma isishintshi selanga: 1. Ungalokothi ungene egalaji eligcwele izikhukhula (amanzi amile angase anikezwe amandla ibhethri lamanje elingu-400V DC). 2. Ungalokothi uzame ukuvula ibhethri futhi uma amanzi esebohlile. 3. Shayela ku-911 / 112 / 999 ngokushesha uma uzwa ukubhamuza, ukuhayiza, noma ubona umusi/umusi ukhuphuka ebhethrini elimanzi, futhi uxhumane nolayini wokusabela ophuthumayo womkhiqizi webhethri ukuze uchwepheshe we-hazmat anqamule ngokuphephile futhi asuse iyunithi eyonakele.

I-Deep 3: Izingozi zangemuva komlilo, i-hydrofluoric acid enobuthi (\(HF\)), namandla aminyene

Ngisho nangemva kokuba izicishamlilo zicime amalangabi ophahleni olufakwe i-solar noma zipholisa udonga lwebhethri lasekhaya elishile, izingozi ezimbili ezinzima zangemva kwesigameko zisala endaweni yakho:

  1. Amandla Kagesi Agxilile kanye Nokuthungela kabusha:
  2. Ophahleni: Amaphaneli elanga ashiswe ngomlilo anengilazi ephukile asaphehla amakhulu amavolthi kagesi obulalayo we-DC ngakusasa ekuseni ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga liphuma. Ungalokothi uthinte amaphaneli elanga ashisiwe, izintambo ezilengayo, noma amagatha ensimbi/ama-downspout ngemva komlilo ophahleni. Osebenza ngogesi welanga onelayisense ogqoke amagilavu ​​e-arc-flash agqunyiwe angu-1,000-volt kumele anqamule ngokoqobo, athayiphe, futhi amboze noma asuse amamojula alimele.
  3. Kudonga Lwebhethri: Amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium-ion aqukethe inqwaba yamamojula eseli ngalinye. Ngisho nangemva kokuba umlilo webhethri ubonakala ubanda ngokuphelele ngaphandle, ukushisa okuvalelwe ngaphakathi kwamaseli angashiswanga aseduze kungase kubangele ukubambezeleka kokubaleka kwesibili okushisayo amahora angu-12 kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Izicishamlilo ziqapha izindonga zebhethri ezishisiwe ngamakhamera ezithombe ezishisayo kuze kube yilapho ithimba lokutakula imfucuza eyingozi licwila emanzini noma lithuthele iphakethe ngaphandle.
  4. I-Corrosive Hydrofluoric Acid (\(HF\)) kanye Nomlotha Wensimbi Enzima:
  5. Womabili ama-backsheets ephaneli yelanga (i-polyvinyl fluoride / Tedlar) kanye ne-lithium-ion battery electrolyte (\(LiPF_6\), lithium hexafluorophosphate) akhulula igesi** ye-hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\))** lapho eshiswa, encibilika emanzini acisha umlilo ukuze kwakheke hydrofluoric acid.
  6. Ungalokothi uthinte umlotha webhethri, umule, noma amachibi amanzi eduze kwebhethri elishile noma iphaneli yelanga ngezandla ezingenalutho. I-Hydrofluoric acid ingena esikhunjeni ngaphandle kobuhlungu obuvuthayo obusheshayo, bese ibopha i-calcium ne-magnesium ezicutshini ezijulile nasegazini, okubangela i-necrosis enzima yamathambo kanye nokuboshwa kwenhliziyo okubulalayo kwe-hypocalcemic. Idinga ukulungiswa okusebenzayo kwezinto eziyingozi ngaphambi kokuhlanza igaraji noma i-attic ngemva kwebhethri noma umlilo welanga (bona ukusha okukhulu nokushiswa kwamakhemikhali).

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuvikela umlilo welanga kanye nebhethri lomnikazi womuzi

Susa izimbangela eziphambili zamaphutha e-solar arc kanye nokubaleka kokushisa kwebhethri ngokugcwalisa lokhu kuhlola okunamaphuzu ayisithupha nokuhlelwa kokulungiswa:

  • Faka i-steel critter-guard mesh eduze komjikelezo wohlelo lwakho lwelanga ophahleni lwakho: Izingwejeje, amajuba, namagundane athanda ukuhlala endaweni efudumele, evikelekile engamasentimitha angu-10 (amayintshi angu-4) ngaphansi kwamaphaneli elanga ophahleni futhi elola amazinyo awo akhula ngokuqhubekayo kukhebuli engu-600-volt DCV PV. Yenza isifaki sakho se-aluminum anodized anodized or PVC-coated steel wire critter-guard mesh azungeze lonke unqenqema lwangaphandle lwamalungu afanayo ukuze uvimbele izilwane namaqabunga aphephethwa ngumoya ngokuphelele.
  • Shejula iminyaka emi-3 ukuya kwemi-5 yokuhlolwa kwe-infrared infrared thermal thermal / ikhamera: Izixhumi ezixegayo ze-MC4, ama-bypass diode ahlulekayo, kanye "nezindawo ezishisayo" zephaneli (okubangelwa ukuwa kwezinyoni, imifantu emincane, noma ukufiphazwa okukhulu) abonakala ngokugqamile kukhamera ye-infrared eshisayo ngaphambi kokuthi ancibilike ngemuva.
  • Gcina indawo yemvume ye-"Zero Combustibles" eyimitha elingu-1 (3-foot) eduze kwezishintshi nezindonga zebhethri: Ungalokothi ubeke amabhokisi ahambayo amakhadibhodi, amakani opende, imishini yokugunda utshani kaphethiloli, noma imihlobiso yeholide odongeni lwebhethri legaraji noma isishintshi sentambo. Faka insimbi esindayo amabhodi okushayisana kwemoto phambi kwamabhethri afakwe egaraji ukuze imoto engena egalaji ingalokothi iqhume futhi iphihlize ikhabethe lebhethri.
  • Faka I-Alarm Yokushisa Enezintambo Eziqinile (egaraji) Kanye nama-alamu Entuthu/E-CO (ngaphakathi kwendlu): Ama-alamu entuthu ekhanyayo avamile ngokuvamile angama-alamu angamanga aphuma emshinini wezimoto emagaraji, ngakho amakhodi okwakha (IRC R309 / NFPA 855) acacisa 135°F/194° izinga lokushisa noma izinga lokushisa elimisiwe* ixhunywe kuyo yonke intuthu yendlu yangaphakathi nama-alamu e-carbon monoxide ukuze umndeni wakho uvuke ngokushesha uma ibhethri legaraji lishisa kakhulu ngo-3:00 AM.
  • Qinisekisa izingqwembe ezibomvu ezicwebezelayo ezibomvu ze-"SOLAR PV / BATTERY STORAGE" kumitha yakho kagesi: Hlola ukuthi imitha yakho yokusetshenziswa yangaphandle kanye nephaneli eyinhloko zinezinsimbi ezingafihli yini insimbi eqoshiwe noma izingqwembe ezikhanyayo ezibomvu ze-UV ezibonisa indawo ngqo yeswishi yakho yokuvala Okusheshayo kanye nanoma iyiphi ibhethri elingaphakathi elifaka iyunithi yomlilo endlini.
  • Hlola izinkumbulo zokuphepha komkhiqizi ku-inverter yakho, isihlukanisi se-DC, nebhethri lasekhaya: Izinhlobo ezimbalwa ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zamabhethri esitoreji sasekhaya se-lithium-ion (okuhlanganisa amayunithi e-LG Energy Solution RESU namanye) kanye namaswishi e-rotary DC isolator angaphansi kwe-CPSC ephuthumayo, i-OPSS (UK), kanye ne-ACCC (Australia) ukukhumbula umlilo. Hlola izinombolo zakho ze-serial ku cpsc.gov futhi ugcine uxhumo lwe-inthanethi ye-Wi-Fi yebhethri lakho lusebenza ukuze umkhiqizi akwazi ukuphusha okuzenzakalelayo izibuyekezo ze-firmware ye-BMS.

Thatha izandla ekushayweni kagesi kanye nesifundo se-CPR

Izimo eziphuthumayo zikagesi we-DC one-voltage ephezulu kanye nokuhogela intuthu enobuthi kudinga ukuqashelwa ngokushesha kobukele kanye nokuvuswa kabusha lapho indawo yesigameko isiphephele ngogesi. Qedela izifundo eziqinisekisiwe zokusebenzisa izandla ku-CPR, i-AED, kanye nosizo lokuqala oluvela kwa-Red Cross noma i-St John Ambulance futhi uhambe nomndeni wakho endaweni yokushintsha ye-Solar Rapid Shutdown yangaphandle namuhla.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

If I flip my main house breaker OFF during a fire, are the solar panels on my roof safe to touch or spray with water?

No. Solar photovoltaic panels generate electricity whenever sunlight (or bright artificial floodlighting) strikes the silicon cells, as you cannot "turn off the sun." Even after you flip your main house breaker OFF, the solar panels themselves and the wires directly attached to them remain energized at up to 30 to 600 volts of Direct Current (DC). Never climb onto a roof during a solar fire and never spray a garden hose stream onto burning solar panels, as tap water conducts DC electricity back down the hose stream.

How do you safely shut down a residential solar system from the ground in an emergency?

Go to your exterior electric utility meter wall on the outside of your house. Locate the metal lever box labeled "AC Solar Disconnect / PV System Disconnect" and pull the handle straight DOWN to the OFF position, and push the red mushroom "PV Rapid Shutdown" button inward if present. On modern code-compliant solar systems (equipped with microinverters, DC optimizers, or rapid shutdown receivers), cutting the AC solar disconnect automatically triggers module-level rapid shutdown on the roof, dropping wire voltage outside the panels below 30 volts within 30 seconds.

Why shouldn't I touch the rotary DC isolator switch on my solar inverter if the box is smoking or making a buzzing sound?

Rotary DC isolator switches and string inverters carry up to 600 volts of continuous Direct Current under load during daylight hours. If water intrusion or loose terminals have already started a 3,000-degree-Celsius (5,400-degree-Fahrenheit) DC plasma arc inside that switch housing, grabbing the plastic dial to turn it off can cause the overheated switch casing to rupture in an arc-flash explosion in your hand. Instead, go to your main electrical panel or exterior meter and flip the AC Solar Breaker to OFF, which stops the inverter from drawing current from the roof without you touching the burning box.

What does it mean if my garage home battery wall is making a hissing sound or releasing white smoke with a sweet chemical smell?

A hissing, popping sound accompanied by a sweet, fruity solvent odor (like nail polish remover) or a white/gray vapor cloud means your lithium-ion home battery storage unit is in active thermal runaway. That white cloud is not harmless steam; it is a highly explosive mixture of hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide, vaporized organic electrolytes, and toxic hydrogen fluoride gas. Do not walk into the garage and do not press an electric garage door opener button; evacuate everyone out the front door immediately, move at least 30 meters (100 feet) upwind, and call 911 / 112 / 999.

Can I use a standard Class ABC dry chemical fire extinguisher to put out a lithium-ion home battery fire?

No. A Class ABC dry chemical extinguisher (or CO2 extinguisher) only smothers external surface flames that rely on room oxygen. Because lithium-ion battery thermal runaway is driven by an internal chemical reaction that generates its own oxygen and intense heat inside the sealed metal cabinet, a dry chemical extinguisher cannot cool the cells or stop thermal runaway. Worse, extinguishing the external flame while the battery continues overheating causes unburned explosive hydrogen gas to accumulate inside your garage, turning a fire into a bomb.

Why do squirrels and birds cause so many rooftop solar panel fires?

Squirrels, rats, and pigeons frequently build nests in the sheltered 10-centimeter (4-inch) space underneath rooftop solar panels. Rodents have continuously growing incisor teeth and instinctively chew on the rubberized insulation of the 600-volt DC PV wires and MC4 connectors hanging under the panels. When bare copper wires touch the grounded aluminum panel frame, or when a chewed wire arcs across a gap during rain, it ignites the dry nesting material and roof shingles directly underneath the array. Installing steel wire critter-guard mesh around the array perimeter prevents this completely.

Imithombo ihloliwe

  • I-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): NFPA 70 (I-athikili Yekhodi Kagesi Kazwelonke 690.12: Ukuvalwa Okusheshayo Kwezinhlelo ze-PV Ezakhiweni), i-NFPA 855 (Ejwayelekile Yokufakwa Kwezinhlelo Zokugcina Amandla Okumisa), kanye ne-Firefighter Solar PV & Lithium-Ion BESS Tactical Training.
  • I-Underwriters Laboratories / I-UL Fire Safety Research Institute (UL FSRI, United States): UL 9540A Indlela Yokuhlola Yokuhlola Ukusakazeka Komlilo Obalekayo Oshisayo Ezinhlelweni Zokugcina Amandla Ebhethri kanye Nezifundo Zokuchithwa Kwegaraji Lendawo yokuhlala.
  • I-United States Fire Administration (USFA / FEMA, United States): Impendulo Ephuthumayo ku-Photovoltaic (Solar) Systems kanye ne-Lithium-Ion Bettery Storage Energy Systems Ngemva kokukhukhula kwamanzi anosawoti.
  • I-BRE National Solar Center kanye Nesikhungo Sobunjiniyela Nobuchwepheshe (IET, United Kingdom): Izinhlelo Zomlilo Nelanga ze-PV: Uphenyo Nesiqondiso Kumaphutha e-DC Arc, Izixhumi ze-MC4, kanye Nokushintsha Kwe-Isolator.
  • I-International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) ne-International Fire Code (IFC Isigaba 1205 / 1207): I-Solar Photovoltaic Power Systems kanye ne-Residential Energy Storage System, Ukungenisa umoya, kanye namazinga e-Placard.

Iziqondiso ezihlobene