Dzoxɔxɔ le Xɔtame Ɣe ƒe Dɔwɔnu, Inverter Arc Faults, Kple Aƒeme Batri ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ Sisi¶

Ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ (PV) ƒe ƒuƒoƒo siwo le aƒewo me kple Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) siwo wotu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe, siwo woyɔna zi geɖe be aƒeme batri ƒe gliwo alo aƒe bliboa ƒe ɣe ƒe batriwo, trɔa aƒe tso elektrikŋusẽ zãla si mewɔa dɔ o gbɔ wòzua elektrikŋusẽdɔwɔƒe si le dɔ wɔm. Togbɔ be ɣe kple batri ƒe ɖoɖo siwo woda nyuie wɔa dɔ dedie ƒe bla nanewo hã la, wotoa elektrik kple atike ƒe afɔku eve vɛ siwo to vovo kura tso elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ si wozãna ɖaa gbɔ le nɔnɔme kpata aɖe me: Direct Current (DC) ƒe dzidzime si me elektrikŋusẽ gã le ɣesiaɣi si kekeli dze xɔta, kple lithium-ion batri ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi ɖa.

Ne aƒetɔ aɖe trɔ woƒe elektrik-kaƒomɔ̃ vevitɔ si ƒe ŋusẽ nye amp 200 wòzu OFF le dzo si le bibim le aƒe si bɔ me la, ka ɖesiaɖe si le gliawo me la kuna. Le aƒe si me ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ le me la, màte ŋu atsi ɣea o. Ne ètrɔ AC Solar Breaker si le wò akpa gãtɔ me eye nètsi inverter la vɔ gɔ̃ hã la, ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ siwo le wò xɔta la yia edzi le Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ (DC) ƒe volt 300 va ɖo 600 wɔm zi alesi ŋkeke ƒe keklẽ, alo dzotsilawo ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe akaɖi siwo le keklẽm gɔ̃ hã, klẽ ɖe glass modules la dzi, negbe ɖe woʋu ɖoɖoa ƒe Rapid Shutdown (RSD) nutome nyuie be wòaɖiɖi xɔta ƒe elektrikŋusẽ si mede volt 30 o. Ne MC4 plug connectors si mesɔ o alo le gbadzaa, array ka siwo wotsɔ squirrel ɖu, alo DC isolator switch siwo xɔ dzo la tu DC arc fault si kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo vɛ la, elektrikŋusẽ si yia edzi tẽ la léa plasma arc si ƒe didime nye 3,000-degree-Celsius (5,400-degree-Fahrenheit) si metsoa zero voltage abe alternating current, melting to eme gbeɖe o la ɖe te aluminum-kpa ƒe xɔtunuwo kple asphalt xɔtaxɔe siwo le dzo dam. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ne aƒeme batri ƒe gli si wotsɔ lithium-ion wɔe si ƒe didime nye kilowatt 10 va ɖo 30 si wotu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒea kpe fu le lãmenugbagbevi ƒe ememe kpui alo tsiɖɔɖɔ ƒe tsi nyɔnyrɔ̃ me la, eɖea ya ɣi siwo ʋẽna lilili siwo ate ŋu atɔ dzo (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, kple hydrogen fluoride) ƒe alilikpo gã siwo ate ŋu atɔ dzo ʋudzraɖoƒe si wotu abe mɔ̃memi-ya ene la dona bɔmb hafi dzobibi siwo woate ŋu akpɔ la nado gbeɖeka. Nyanya alesi nàƒo gota PV Rapid Shutdown switch, nusita mele be nàlia xɔta alo asisi abɔ me hose gbeɖe le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ɖoɖo ƒe dzo me o, kple alesi nàdo le eme enumake ne aƒeme batri ƒe gli aɖe ƒo ɣli alo ɖe ya ɣi ɖe go la, eɖe amewo ƒe agbe.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

Ne èkpɔ dzudzɔ, dzobibi, alo dzobibi le dodom tso wò xɔta ƒe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃wo, ka ƒe inverter aɖaka si le wò gli ŋu, alo lithium-ion batri dzraɖoƒe si le wò ʋudzraɖoƒe alo xɔ si me nèzãa nuzazãwo le me la, wɔ nu ade siawo enumake:

1. MÈGALIa xɔa tame alo ƒua abɔ me hose ɖe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo alo inverter si le bibim dzi GBEÐE o: Ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃wo kple woƒe DC-mɔ̃ si le ete la nɔa ŋusẽ me vaseɖe 600 volts DC ɣesiaɣi si kekeli dze ʋuƒoawo dzi. Ne èhe pɔmpi me tsi sesẽ aɖe tso abɔ me hose me yi ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ si ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 600 si me akasa nu le dzi la, ehea elektrikŋusẽ si wua ame tẽ yia tsi si le sisim la me tẽ yia wò asiwo me, si wɔnɛ be ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi enumake alo wò lãmekawo xea mɔ na hose ƒe nugbɔ.
2. Ne aƒeme batri ƒe gli aɖe si le wò ʋudzraɖoƒe le ɣli dom, le ʋuʋum, le vuvum, alo le ya ɣi/ɣi si me ya le dodom la, TSƆE NU ƔEYIƔI eye mègazɔ yi batri la gbɔ be yeatrɔ eƒe ʋuƒoa o: Aƒeme batri si le ɣli dom alo le dzudzɔ tum lithium-ion le active thermal runaway me eye wòle ʋudzraɖoƒea yɔm kple alilikpo si me wowóna si nye hydrogen gas (\(H_2\)), carbon monoxide (\(CO\)), kple haidrodzin fluoride si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu (\(HF\)). Ne èzɔ yi batri ƒe kabinet gbɔ be yeazi eƒe axadziŋusẽ ƒe abɔta dzi la, ana nànɔ yaƒoƒo-alilikpo ƒe dzobibi si gbɔna kpuie ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe teƒea tẽ.
3. Gblẽ ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe ʋɔtru gã si le yame la ƲU ne eʋu xoxo, alo nàdo go le ŋgɔgbe ʋɔtrua nu evɔ màzi ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe ʋɔtru ʋuʋula si elektrik-mɔ̃ dzi o: Ne wò ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe batri le gas ɣi ɖem ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe si wotu me la, ne èzi ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe ʋɔtru si le yame ƒe gli ƒe abɔta si ŋu mɔ̃ le la dzi la, elektrik-mɔ̃ ƒe dzobibi aɖe dona le dzisasrãa dzi tututu afisi haidrodzin gas si le dzi yim la ƒoa ƒu ɖo. Miɖe amesiame do goe le aƒea me to ŋgɔgbe ʋɔtrua nu to afɔ eye mianɔ adzɔge tso ʋudzraɖoƒea ƒe ʋɔtrua gbɔ (si wɔa dɔ abe yadoƒe si me woɖea ya le ne gas la biã ene).
4. Ne nudzɔdzɔ kpata la le ROOF alo INVERTER dzi pɛpɛpɛ (eye MENYE batri si me gas mele o le switchawo xa tututu o), wɔ gota Solar Rapid Shutdown (RSD) switch kple AC Solar Disconnect: Zɔ yi wò gota elektrik-mɔ̃ ƒe mita ƒe teƒea. Kpe lãmi dzĩ PV Rapid Shutdown Switch (alo he gota AC Solar Disconnect lever la yi OFF nɔnɔme me). Le egbegbe mɔ̃ siwo wɔ ɖeka kple sededewo (NEC 690.12) me la, ne ètso AC ƒe ŋusẽ alo ne èzi Rapid Shutdown ƒe dzesi dzi la, eɖea ŋusẽ ɖa le module-level power electronics siwo le xɔa tame ŋu, si wɔnɛ be conductor ƒe elektrikŋusẽ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna wu volt 30 le sɛkɛnd 30 teti me.
5. Ƒo ka na dɔwɔƒe siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ tso meta 30 (afɔ 100) ya teti le yaƒoƒo ƒe dzi eye nàgblɔ na amesi ɖoe ɖa la koŋ be SOLAR PV alo HOME BATTERY WALL ƒe nɔnɔme kpata le asiwò: Ƒo ka na wò nutoa me tɔ xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom). Gblɔ eme kɔ nyuie be: "Míekpɔ [xɔta ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe dzo / inverter dzo / lithium-ion aƒeme batri dzoxɔxɔ sisi] le [adrɛs]; aƒea le xɔta ɣe kple [adzɔnu/kWh] batri nudzraɖoƒe ɖoɖo le [ʋudzraɖoƒe / anyigbaxɔdzo / gota gli]."
6. Na ƒomea me tɔwo, aƒemelãwo, kple aƒelikawo katã nanɔ ya si le dziƒo la be woagage ɖe dzudzɔdoƒea o: Dzudzɔ si dona tso ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe megbegbalẽvi siwo le bibim (tedlar/fluoropolymers) kple lithium-ion batri ƒe elektrikŋusẽ me la me aɖi hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\)) gas kple ga kpekpewo le. Batri ƒe ya sue aɖe gɔ̃ hã gbɔgbɔ nana atikewo ƒe aklã me ʋuʋu (tsi si le lãkusi me) si tsi megbe vevie; di atikewɔlawo ƒe dodokpɔ enumake ne ame aɖe gbɔ dzudzɔa.

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Tactical decision tree na ɣe ƒe PV kple aƒeme batri ƒe nɔnɔme kpatawo¶

Zã dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti nyametsotsoti sia nàtsɔ awɔ nui dedie ne ɣe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le xɔta, inverter/isolator arc ƒe vodada, alo aƒeme batri dzraɖoƒe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si si dzo evɔ elektrikŋusẽ alo wowó ƒe abi aɖeke maxɔe o.

flowchart TD
    Start["Dzudzɔ, Arcing, Popping, Atikewo ƒe Ʋeʋẽ, alo Dzobibi le Ɣe ƒe PV alo Aƒeme Battery System me"] --> Source{"1. Akpa kae le kpo dom nu?"}
    Source -->|"A. Aƒeme Batri ƒe Gli (BESS) Hissing, Hot, alo Venting Vapor"| NoApproach["MÈGATE ɖe BATRI ŊU O: Hydrogen si Wowóna & Aɖi HF Gas ƒe Afɔku"]
    NoApproach --> EvacHouse["Miɖe amesiwo katã le eme kple aƒemelãwo ɖa to ŋgɔgbe ʋɔtru nu (mègazã elektrik-ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe ʋɔtru ʋuʋumɔ̃ o); ʋuʋu 30m+ (100 ft+) yi dzi"]
    EvacHouse --> MeterClear{"Ðe gotagome utility meter / Rapid Shutdown switch si le gli si le vovo dzi la me kɔ tso batri ƒe dzudzɔ mea?"}
    MeterClear -->|"Ẽ: Kɔkɔe le Gome Kplu Kplu"| PullMeter["He AC Solar / ESS Disconnect Lever yi OFF eye nàzi Red Rapid Shutdown Button dzi"]
    MeterClear -->|"Ao: Ʋudzraɖoƒea Me alo Dzudzɔ si Te Ðe Eŋu"| LeaveSwitches["Gblẽ switchawo katã ɖi màgaka asi wo ŋu o; lala Dzotsidɔwɔƒe ƒe HazMat & Engine Crew"]
    Source -->|"B. Solar Panels alo Gli Inverter Sigaretnono/Arcing"| StayOffRoof["1. MÈGALIA xɔta GBEÐE alo nàtsɔ abɔ me hose aƒu gbe ɖe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃wo dzi o<br/>2. Miɖe ƒomea ɖa le gota"]
    StayOffRoof --> ShutSolar["Le Gome Mita Gli (ne dzo mekɔ o):<br/>1. Slap Red PV Kabakaba ƒe Trɔtrɔ<br/>2. He AC Ɣe ƒe Kadodo ƒe Lever OFF<br/>3. Trɔ Ɣe ƒe Ʋuʋu Gãtɔ OFF le Main Panel"]
    ShutSolar --> TurnOffDC["Ne Inverter MENYE atama/arcing o ko hafi: Trɔ rotary DC Isolator Switch on Inverter ɖe OFF dzi"]
    PullMeter --> Call911["Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999: Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Dispatcher le Rooftop Solar + Lithium Battery ƒe Teƒe ŋu"]
    LeaveSwitches --> Call911
    TurnOffDC --> Call911

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Nusiwo wotsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo: ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ɖoɖo ƒe kpododonu ƒe teƒe 3 kple woƒe afɔku tɔxɛwo¶

Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe teƒe vovovo etɔ̃e nyea ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ kple nudzraɖoƒe si wozãna le aƒewo me. Nuto ɖesiaɖe doa kpo nu le mɔ vovovowo nu eye wòbia be woawɔ ɖoɖo tɔxɛ aɖe si woatsɔ aɖe wo ɖokui ɖe aga.

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Deep dive 1: Dzo si le xɔta ƒe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃wo, MC4 ƒe kadodo ƒe akasanu, kple nusita DC ƒe elektrikŋusẽ wua ame alea gbegbe¶

Dzobibi megbe ʋɔnudrɔ̃ƒe ƒe numekuku siwo BRE Dukɔa ƒe Ɣe ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (United Kingdom), Fraunhofer ISE (Germany), kple UL Solutions (United States) wɔ ɖee fia be ɣe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si dona le xɔta ƒe alafa memama 70 kple edzivɔ** medzea egɔme tso ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔ ahuhɔ̃e wɔe la ŋutɔ me o; wodzea egɔme tso DC kaƒoƒo, MC4 plug connectors siwo le agble dzi, kple xɔta DC isolator switches siwo wotsɔ ɣla ɖe ʋuƒoawo te.

Nusita Direct Current (DC) arcs dzona abe welding torch ene¶

Le wò aƒeme ƒe Alternating Current (AC) ka si wozãna ɖaa si ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 120 alo volt 230 me la, elektrikŋusẽa trɔna yia ŋgɔ kple megbe zi gbɔ zi 50 alo 60 le sɛkɛnd ɖesiaɖe me, eye wòtoa volt zero zi gbɔ zi 100 va ɖo 120 le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me. Ɣesiaɣi si AC ƒe elektrikŋusẽ tso zero la, elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzobibi tsina le dzɔdzɔme nu hena milisekɔnd ɖeka, si wɔnɛ be AC ​​ƒe akasa nu nɔa kpuie vie eye wònɔa bɔbɔe na nutomeʋuʋuwo be woatɔ te.

Direct Current (DC) tso ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ dzi metsoa zero volts gbeɖe o. Ne MC4 ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ si me mekɔ o si le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ te la he ɖe vovo vie le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ kple eƒe ʋuʋu ta (dzoxɔxɔ va ɖoa 70°C / 158°F ŋdɔ sia ŋdɔ kple tsikpe le zã me), alo ne akpɔkplɔ aɖe ɖua to PV-wu yibɔa me le DC si ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 400 dzi ka ƒe ka: - Mɔ ɖeka dzi ƒe elektrikŋusẽ si yia edzi la tia kpo tso dometsotsoa me eye wòƒoa DC plasma arc si nɔa anyi ɖaa le 3,000 degree Celsius (5,400 degrees Fahrenheit), si sɔ kple dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya si le DC arc welder si le dɔwɔƒewo si. - Akasanua naa MC4-xɔ si wotsɔ aŋe wɔe la ƒua gbe, enaa akɔbli ka la ƒuna, etsɔa aluminum ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe xɔtunua ƒua gbe, eye wòtsɔa ga si wotsɔ ƒo ɣie si le dzo dam la ƒua gbe ɖe aŋgba ƒuƒuwo, xeviwo ƒe atɔ, kple xɔtaxɔe siwo wotsɔ asphalt wɔe siwo xaxa ɖe ƒuƒoƒoa te la dzi tẽ.

Alesi woaɖe ŋusẽ ɖa le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ŋu le anyigba dedie (Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe) .¶

Ele be aƒetɔ ɖesiaɖe si si ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ le le xɔta nadi woƒe gotagome kaƒomɔ̃wo hafi nɔnɔme kpata aɖe nadzɔ. Le ɣeyiɣi si me woda wò dɔwɔɖoɖoa ɖe wò kɔmpiuta dzi kple nenye be ezãa Microinverters, DC Power Optimizers kple String Inverter, alo Older Unoptimized String Inverter nu la, ɖoɖoa nutsitsi wɔa dɔ ale:

   [EXTERIOR SOLAR EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SEQUENCE]

   Locate Utility Meter Wall on Outside of House:

   +------------------------+     +------------------------+
   | [Red Mushroom Button]  |     |  [Metal Lever Box]     |
   |  PV RAPID SHUTDOWN     |     |  AC SOLAR DISCONNECT   |
   |  (Push Inward)         |     |  (Pull Handle DOWN)    |
   +-----------+------------+     +-----------+------------+
               |                              |
               +--------------+---------------+
                              v
      Drops Rooftop Voltage to <30V in 30 Seconds
      on Modern Code-Compliant Systems (NEC 690.12)

1. Afɔɖeɖe 1: Wɔ dɔ le Exterior PV Rapid Shutdown / AC Ɣe ƒe Kadodo:
2. Zɔ do go yi wò elektrikŋusẽdzidzenu vevitɔ gbɔ. Le mita la xa la, di ga lever aɖaka si woŋlɔ ɖe edzi be "PV SYSTEM DISCONNECT" / "AC SOLAR DISCONNECT" kple/alo ʋuƒo dzĩ si le keklẽm si woŋlɔ ɖe edzi be "RAPID SHUTDOWN SWITCH FOR SOLAR PV SYSTEM."
3. Tu Rapid Shutdown ƒe dzesi dzĩ la ɖe eme eye he ga ƒe lever si le AC Solar Disconnect box la dzi tẽe YI ÐE AME ME va ɖo OFF nɔnɔme.
4. Nusi esia wɔna ɖe egbegbe ɖoɖowo dzi (wodae ɖe ƒe 2017 va ɖo ƒe 2020 megbe le Dziehe Amerika):
   • Ne wò xɔta zãa Microinverters (afisi ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe trɔa DC wòzua AC le ʋuƒoa te tututu) la, AC Solar Disconnect hehe enumake aʋãa microinverters ƒe anti-islanding relay, si tsia elektrikŋusẽ si dona le panel ɖekaɖeka ɖesiaɖe si le xɔa tame le sɛkɛnd si mede 1 o me.
   • Ne wò xɔta zãa DC Power Optimizers alo Rapid Shutdown Receivers la, AC dziɖuɖu ƒe dzesi ɖeɖeɖa nana be xɔtaxɔ ƒe module box ɖesiaɖe nana eƒe ŋusẽ naɖiɖi va ɖoa dedie 1 volt per panel (le volt 30 te le wo katã me le ka bliboa me) le sɛkɛnd 30 me.
5. Afɔɖeɖe 2: Trɔ megbefetu "Ɣe / PV Breaker" OFF le wò Elektrik Panel Gã la me:
6. Ʋu wò aƒemegbãnuwo ƒe aɖaka vevitɔ. Le busbar la ƒe gɔme tututu (si tsi tre ɖe 200A breaker vevitɔ ŋu) la, di double-pole breaker si woŋlɔ ɖe edzi be "SOLAR PV DISCONNECT" / "BACKFED SOLAR BREAKER" eye nàtrɔe ɖe OFF.
7. Afɔɖeɖe 3: Trɔ Rotary DC Disconnect Switch si le Inverter la dzi la ɖe OFF (ne inverter la ŋutɔ fa eye megblẽ o KO):
8. Le ka inverter aɖaka ƒe gɔme alo axadzi la, rotary dial yibɔ alo dzĩ si woŋlɔ ɖe edzi be DC DISCONNECT (ON / OFF) la le eme.
9. DEDIENƆNƆ ƑE SE VEVIE: Ne inverter box alo rotary DC switch le atama nom, le ɣli dom, le ʋeʋẽm abe plastic si wotɔ dzoe ene, alo le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe amadede trɔm fia la, MÈGAKA EŊU O. Ne ètrɔ DC isolator switch si gblẽ, si me tsi xɔ dzo le le agba te la, ate ŋu ana be ememe kadodoawo naƒo ƒu alo woawó le akasanu ƒe keklẽ me. Esi nètsi AC breaker la xoxo le Afɔɖeɖe 1 kple 2 me ta la, inverter la le zero amperes (zero current flow) xoxo, si atɔ te dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme la evɔ mèka asi DC switch la ŋu o.

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Deep dive 2: Aƒeme batri gli (BESS) dzoxɔxɔ sisi kple ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe yaƒoƒo ƒe wowó¶

Aƒetɔ miliɔn geɖe le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ si wozãna le xɔta kple Lithium-Ion Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) siwo nɔa teƒe ɖeka si tso 10 va ɖo 40+ kilowatt-hours (kWh) siwo wotu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe gliwo, anyigbaxɔdzo ƒe xɔ siwo me wozãa nuzazãwo le, alo gota gome ƒe akpata dzi la tsɔm kpe ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Be míatsɔ ŋusẽ ƒe ŋutete ma ade nukpɔsusu nyuitɔ me la: batri ƒe gli ɖeka si ƒe kpekpeme nye kWh 13.5 la léa ŋusẽ si sɔ kple laptop batri 450 siwo wobla ɖe gaxɔ ɖeka me.

LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) kple NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) le dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi me¶

Batriki ƒe gli siwo le aƒewo me zãa lithium-ion ƒe atike eve dometɔ ɖeka: NMC (Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide) alo LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate). Togbɔ be LFP batriwo ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si tsoa dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi ƒe gɔmedzedze ƒe dzoxɔxɔ lolo wu eye womefiãna sesĩe o wu NMC lãmenugbagbeviwo hã la, UL 9540A ƒe dzo dodokpɔ gãwo ɖee fia be ne LFP batriwo to dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi me evɔ womede dzo enumake o la, woɖea haidrodzin (\(H_2\)) kple carbon monoxide (\(CO\)) gas gbogbo aɖewo siwo wóna la doa goe si wɔa yamenutome si wotu ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu wògbɔa eme afɔku si le wowó me le ʋudzraɖoƒe aɖe me.

Ahomya ƒe ahomya ƒe ʋuʋu kple tsiɖɔɖɔ ƒe tsidede aƒeme batri ƒe gliwo me¶

(Gulf of Mexico) - Nusitae dzetsi hea batri ƒe dzo si tsi megbe vɛ: Dzetsi nye elektrikŋusẽ si kplɔa nu geɖe. Ne tsiɖɔɖɔ ƒe tsiwo kɔ yi dzi wu batri ƒe gli si wotu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe nutrenu si le ete (zi geɖe la, wotuae sentimeta 60 va ɖo 120 / afɔ 2 va ɖo 4 tso anyigba) la, dzetsi si me tsi tona la xea mɔ na DC busbar siwo ƒe ŋusẽ lolo eye wògblẽa Battery Management System (BMS) ƒe nutomemɔ̃wo. Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu naa haidrodzin ya dona esime dzoxɔxɔ kpui si nu metsina o ʋãa lãmenugbagbevi siwo nyrɔ ɖe tsia me la wozua dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi, ɣeaɖewoɣi gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 72 le tsia ƒe sisi vɔ megbe. - Tsiɖɔɖɔ Ŋuti Ðoɖo: Ne tsiɖɔɖɔ ƒe tsiwo ka wò aƒeme batri dzraɖoƒe alo ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe akpa aɖe alo nyrɔ ɖe tsi me: 1. Mègage ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe si tsi yɔ fũu gbeɖe o (ate ŋu ana ŋusẽ tsi si le tsitrenu la to 400V DC batri ƒe elektrikŋusẽ me). 2. Mègadze agbagba gbeɖe be yeagaʋu batri la o ne tsia nya ɖiɖi ko. 3. Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 enumake ne èse ʋuʋudedi, ɣlidodo, alo kpɔ dzoxɔxɔ/dzudzɔ si le dodom tso batri si xɔ dzo la me, eye nàƒo ka na batriwɔƒea ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ be wòana hazmat dɔwɔla aɖe nadzudzɔ dɔwɔwɔ dedie eye wòaɖe nusi gblẽ la ɖa.

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Deep dive 3: Dzoxɔxɔ megbe afɔkuwo, hydrofluoric acid si me aɖi le (\(HF\)), kple ŋusẽ si le tsia me¶

Ne dzotsilawo tsi dzoa le xɔtaxɔ si me ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ le alo fa aƒe ƒe batri ƒe gli si wotɔ dzoe gɔ̃ hã la, afɔku sesẽ eve siwo ate ŋu adzɔ le nudzɔdzɔa megbe gakpɔtɔ le wò anyigba dzi:

1. Elektrikŋusẽ si le tsia dzi kple Dzoxɔxɔ Gbugbɔ:
2. Le Xɔta: Ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃ siwo dzo gblẽ, siwo xɔ dzo, siwo ŋu tempered glass gbã, gakpɔtɔ wɔa DC elektrikŋusẽ si wua ame ƒe volt alafa geɖe le ŋufɔke ne ɣea nya do ko. Mègaka asi ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃ siwo xɔ dzo, ka siwo le xɔxlɔ̃m, alo ga ƒe tsidzɔƒe/downspouts ŋu gbeɖe le dzo si bi le xɔta megbe o. Ele be ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe elektrikdɔwɔla si si mɔɖegbalẽ le si do asigɛ siwo ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 1,000 siwo me woɖea arc-flash le la ɖa ŋutɔŋutɔ, atsɔ kaƒomɔ̃ atsyɔ wo dzi alo aɖe wo ɖa.
3. Le Batri Gli la me: Lithium-ion batriwo me lãmenugbagbevi ɖekaɖekawo ƒe modules gbogbo aɖewo le. Ne batri ƒe dzo dze abe ɖe wòfa keŋkeŋ le gota ene gɔ̃ hã la, dzoxɔxɔ si xaxa ɖe lãmenugbagbevi siwo te ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu siwo womefiã o me ate ŋu ahe dzoxɔxɔ evelia si tsi megbe gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo ŋkeke geɖe megbe vɛ. Dzotsilawo tsɔa dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃wo léa ŋku ɖe batri ƒe gli siwo wotɔ dzoe ŋu vaseɖe esime gbeɖuɖɔ siwo me afɔku le ɖeɖeɖa ƒe dɔwɔlawo nanyrɔ ɖe tsi me alo atsɔ agbaa ayi gota.
4. Hydrofluoric Acid si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu (\(HF\)) kple Heavy Metal Ash:
5. Ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe megbegbalẽwo (polyvinyl fluoride / Tedlar) kple lithium-ion batri electrolyte (\(LiPF_6\), lithium hexafluorophosphate) siaa ɖea hydrogen fluoride (\(HF\)) gas doa goe ne wotɔ dzoe, si lɔ̃na le dzotsitsi tsi ƒe sisi me wòzua hydrofluoric acid.
6. Mègatsɔ asi ƒuƒlu ka asi batri ƒe aŋɔ, ʋetsuvi, alo tsi ƒe tsiʋe siwo ƒo xlã batri alo ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃ si fiã ŋu gbeɖe o. Hydrofluoric acid gena ɖe ŋutigbalẽ me vevesese si le dzobibi enumake manɔmee, emegbe eblaa calcium kple magnesium ɖe lãkusi goglowo kple ʋu me, si wɔnɛ be ƒuwo vuvu vevie eye dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi le lãme na ame si wua ame. Bia be eŋutinunyala naɖɔ afɔkunuwo ɖo hafi nàkɔ ʋudzraɖoƒe alo dziƒoxɔ dzi le batri alo ɣe ƒe dzo bibi megbe (kpɔ dzobibi sesẽwo kple atikewo ƒe tsilele).

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Aƒetɔ ƒe ɣe kple batri ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nutsitsi ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ¶

Ðe nu vevi siwo hea ɣe ƒe keklẽ ƒe vodadawo kple batri ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi vɛ ɖa to teƒe ade ƒe ŋkuléleɖenuŋu kple dzadzraɖo ƒe ɖoɖo sia wɔwɔ me:

• De gakpo critter-guard mesh ƒo xlã wò xɔta ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo: Akpɔkplɔwo, akpakpawo, kple sisiblisiwo lɔ̃a atɔwɔwɔ le dometsotso si me dzoxɔxɔ le si didi sentimeta 10 (inch 4) si le xɔta ƒe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃wo te si me bebeƒe le la me kple woƒe aɖu siwo le tsitsim atraɖii la ƒoƒo ɖe DC PV ka siwo ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 600 la dzi. Na wò installer natsɔ anodized aluminum alo PVC-coated steel wire critter-guard mesh aƒo xlã ƒuƒoƒoa ƒe gota gome katã be wòaxe mɔ na lãwo kple aŋgba siwo ya ƒo keŋkeŋ.
• Wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe ƒe 3 va ɖo 5 ƒe infrared thermal drone / camera inspection: MC4 connectors siwo me mekɔ o, bypass diodes siwo do kpo nu, kple panel "hot spots" (siwo xeviwo ƒe aɖuɖɔ, micro-cracks, alo heavy shading hena vɛ) dzena nyuie le infrared thermal camera dzi ɣleti geɖe hafi wofa to backsheet la dzi.
• Na "Zero Combustibles" ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe teƒe si didi meta 1 (afɔ 3) naƒo xlã inverterwo kple batri ƒe gliwo: Mègatsɔ kakɛ siwo le ʋuʋum, amadedegowo, mɔ̃memi ƒe gbeŋutisewo, alo ŋkekenyui ƒe atsyɔ̃ɖonuwo ƒo ƒu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe batri gli alo ka inverter ŋu gbeɖe o. De gakpo kpekpewo ʋu ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ƒe ʋuƒo ɖe batri siwo wotu ɖe ʋudzraɖoƒe ŋgɔ ale be ʋu si le hehem yi ʋudzraɖoƒea mate ŋu aƒo batri ƒe kabinet la ahagbãe gbeɖe o.
• De dzoxɔxɔ ƒe ɣlidodo si wotsɔ ka sesẽwo ɖo (le ʋudzraɖoƒe) kple Dzudzɔ/CO Ʋɔtru (le aƒea me): Dzudzɔ ƒe ɣlidodo siwo wozãna ɖaa siwo wokpɔna zi geɖe la nyea alakpa-ɣlidodo tso ʋu ƒe ya si dona le ʋudzraɖoƒewo me, eyata xɔtuɖoɖowo (IRC R309 / NFPA 855) gblɔ 135°F/194°F fixed-temperature and rate-of-rise heat detector le ʋudzraɖoƒea do ƒome kple aƒea me dzudzɔ kple carbon monoxide ƒe ɣlidodowo katã ale be wò ƒomea nyɔna enumake ne ʋudzraɖoƒe ƒe batri xɔ dzo akpa le ŋdi ga 3:00 me.
• Kpɔ ɖa be permanent reflective red "SOLAR PV / BATTERY STORAGE" nuxlɔ̃amegbalẽviwo le wò elektrik mita: Kpɔe ɖa be wò gota utility mita kple main panel la ƒe fade-resistant engraved metal alo UV-stable red reflective placards si fia afisi tututu wò Rapid Shutdown switch kple xɔme batri dzraɖoƒe ɖesiaɖe le ale be dzotsilawo siwo va la nakpɔ wo le viviti me.
• Kpɔ adzɔnuwɔƒea ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe ŋkuɖodzinyawo ɖa le wò inverter, DC isolator, kple aƒeme batri ŋu: Dukɔwo dome adzɔnu gã geɖe siwo nye aƒewo me lithium-ion aƒeme nudzraɖoƒe batriwo (siwo dome LG Energy Solution RESU units kple bubuwo hã le) kple rotary DC isolator switches la le dzo yɔyɔ kpata me CPSC, OPSS (UK), kple ACCC (Australia). Kpɔ wò xexlẽdzesiwo le cpsc.gov eye nàna wò batri ƒe internet Wi-Fi kadodoa nanɔ dɔ wɔm ale be ewɔla nate ŋu atutu BMS dedienɔnɔ ŋuti dɔwɔnu yeye siwo wowɔna le wo ɖokui si.

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

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Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Dzotsinuwo Takpɔha (NFPA, United States): NFPA 70 (Dukɔa ƒe Elektrik Se ƒe Nyati 690.12: PV Dɔwɔɖoɖowo Nutsitsi Kabakaba le Xɔwo Ŋu), NFPA 855 (Dzidzenu na Ŋusẽ Dzraɖoƒe Siwo Le Tsitrenu Dzraɖoƒewo Dede), kple Dzotsilawo ƒe Ɣe ƒe PV & Lithium-Ion BESS Tactical Training.
• Underwriters Laboratories / UL Dzo Dedienɔnɔ Numekuku Dɔwɔƒe (UL FSRI, United States): UL 9540A Dodokpɔ Mɔnu na Dzoxɔxɔ Sisi Dzo Kaka Dada le Batri Ŋusẽ Dzraɖoƒewo Kple Aƒewo Me Ʋudzraɖoƒe Dzobibi Nusɔsrɔ̃wo.
• United States Dzotsidɔwɔƒe (USFA / FEMA, United States): Nuwɔwɔ Kpata na Photovoltaic (Ɣe) Dɔwɔɖoɖowo kple Lithium-Ion Batri Ŋusẽ Dzraɖoƒewo le Dzetsi ƒe Tsiɖɔɖɔ megbe.
• BRE Dukɔa ƒe Ɣe ƒe Dɔwɔƒe kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Dɔwɔƒe (IET, United Kingdom): Dzo kple Ɣe ƒe PV Dɔwɔɖoɖowo: Numekuku kple Mɔfiame le DC Arc ƒe Vodadawo, MC4 Kadodowo, kple Isolator Switches ŋu.
• Dukɔwo Dome Dzotsilawo ƒe Habɔbɔ (IAFF) kple Dukɔwo Dome Dzotsilawo ƒe Se (IFC Section 1205 / 1207): Ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe Ŋusẽ ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖowo kple Aƒeme Ŋusẽ Dzraɖoƒe ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖowo ƒe Tsitretsitsi, Yaƒoƒo, kple Placard Dzidzenuwo.

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Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Lithium-ion batriwo ƒe dzo: e-kekewo, telefonwo, kple EVwo
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzo kple dzodoƒe siwo me dzo le
• Elektrik-kpa ƒe arcing kple dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme
• Aƒeme dzobibi ƒe dedienɔnɔ kple amewo ɖeɖeɖa
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ kple xɔname si me elektrikŋusẽ sesẽ le
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woŋlɔ ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo me ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe