Afɔtoƒe ƒe Kakaɖedziŋusẽ (Stray Voltage) si le Ablɔdzikaɖiwo, Dodoƒewo, Kple Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Kpowo dzi¶

Dzomeŋɔli ɖesiaɖe kple le tsidzadza gãwo megbe la, elektrik-wula aɖe si meɖoa to o, si womekpɔna kura o la wua avuwo eye wòtsɔa elektrikŋusẽ ƒoa afɔzɔlawo le dua ƒe afɔtoƒewo, tsaɖibɔwo, kple afɔtoƒewo dzi: Contact Voltage (si ame geɖe yɔna be Stray Voltage). Le dugã me ablɔwo kple dugã godo ƒe afɔtoƒewo te la, elektrikka evelia siwo ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 120, volt 208, volt 240, volt 277, kple volt 480 siwo woɖi tẽe si naa nuɖuɖu ablɔdzikaɖi siwo wotsɔ gayibɔ wɔe, ʋu ƒe dzesiwo, bɔs ƒe bebeƒe siwo me akaɖi le, kple xɔdɔmewo le la le dugãwo ƒe ablɔwo te. Ne ƒe bla nanewo ƒe tsikpe-tsi ƒe ʋuʋu, tomenukuku ƒe nugbegblẽ, alo dzomeŋɔli ƒe mɔ-dze si gblẽa nu (sodium chloride kple calcium chloride) slush ɖu to anyigba te ka si wotsɔ xea mɔ na ablɔdzikaɖi ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi alo ƒoƒo ƒe aɖaka me la, akɔbli alo aluminum-mɔ̃ ƒuƒlu la ka asi gaxɔa alo anyigba xɔdzoa ŋu evɔ mehea vodada ƒe elektrikŋusẽ si sɔ be wòagbã elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ si le didiƒe o gbagbãla. Esia wɔe be gayibɔ si wotsɔ tsyɔ doa ƒe nutsyɔnu, gakpo si wotsɔ tsyɔ afɔtoƒe ƒe nudzraɖoƒe, aluminum-mɔdzikaɖiti, kɔsɔkɔsɔ ƒe gli, alo kɔkrit-tsi si ƒo xlãe la nɔa ŋusẽ dom ɖa ɣesiaɣi le 50 va ɖo 480 volt ƒe elektrikŋusẽ si trɔna (AC) me ŋkeke alo kwasiɖa geɖe evɔ dzudzɔ aɖeke menɔa eme o, dzo aɖeke meganɔa anyi o, eye gbeɖiɖi aɖeke menɔa eŋu o.

Avu siwo wozɔna le ka dzi nye "canaries in the coal mine" vevitɔwo na afɔtoƒe ƒe kadodo ƒe elektrikŋusẽ elabena wozɔna ɖe afɔdzideƒe ƒuƒlu siwo me dze le dzi eye afɔ ene ƒe tasiaɖamfɔ didi aɖe le wo si si xea mɔ na ʋuʋudedi ƒe vovototo si le afɔtoƒe ƒe ʋuƒo eve dome (afɔɖeɖe ƒe ŋutete). Nublanuitɔe wu la, elektrikŋusẽ ƒoa aƒemelãwo tɔ kple Samariatɔ Nyuitɔwo enuenu alo wotsɔa wo ƒua gbe ɖe dzidɔ me ne wotsɔ asi ƒuƒlu do asi ɖe anyi le dzɔdzɔme nu alo ɖe afɔ ɖe ga gbadzɛ si me tsi le dzi be yewoalé avu si le ɣli dom hele ʋuʋum. Ablɔdzinu siwo wòle be woaƒo asa na le yame ƒe nɔnɔme si me tsi le eye sno dza, alesi woaɖe ame alo aƒemelã si wotu ɖe ablɔdzinu si ŋu ŋusẽ le dzi evɔ womazu amesi ŋu ŋusẽ le o, alesi woawɔ aƒemelãwo kple amegbetɔwo ƒe CPR enumake hena ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o, kple alesi woazi utility "Make-Safe" dɔdɔ enumake dzi xɔa amewo ɖe agbe le dugã ƒe ablɔwo dzi.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Ne avu aɖe do ɣli, tsɔ eƒe akɔta ƒo xlãe, ɖu eƒe afɔwo, alo dze anyi ɖe afɔtoƒe, alo ne afɔzɔla aɖe dze anyi ɖe akaɖiti alo akaɖiti aɖe ŋu la, DZUDZƆ eye MÈGAKA WO KPLE WÒ ASI ƑUƑOƑOWO O. Tsɔe be ga gbadzɛ, manhole ƒe nutsyɔnu, ablɔdzikaɖiti, dzodoƒe, kple afɔtoƒe si le wo te la le afima 120 va ɖo 480 volts AC.
2. He avu si ƒe mo wɔ yaa la kɔe to nylon, lãgbalẽ, alo ka ƒe ka ƒuƒu si metsɔa elektrikŋusẽ o KO zazã me, alo nàƒo amegbetɔ si ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la wòakɔ to ati ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒuƒu, rababa ʋu ƒe mat, alo awu ƒuƒu si le ɣie zazã me. Na wò ŋutɔ wò afɔwo nado sesĩe ɖe ** titina kɔnkrit ƒuƒu** dzi wòadidi meta 1.5 va ɖo 2 (afɔ 5 va ɖo 6.5) ya teti tso ablɔdzinu ɖesiaɖe si wotsɔ ga wɔe gbɔ alo tsiʋe. Mègazã ga kɔsɔkɔsɔ ƒe ka alo ka si me tsi le si woate ŋu agbugbɔ ahe gbeɖe o.
3. Ne wò ŋutɔ nèse le ɖokuiwò me be yeƒe afɔwo alo afɔwo le ʋuʋum, wole ɣli dom, alo le ʋuʋum esime nèle zɔzɔm le afɔtoƒe si xɔ dzo dzi la, MÈGAÐE afɔ bubu ayi ŋgɔ o. Mia afɔ eveawo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu sesĩe eye tsɔ afɔ eveawo ƒo ƒu ɖe megbe alo nàti kpo ayi kɔkrit gbadzɛ ƒuƒu aɖe titina gbɔ adzo le ga gbadzɛwo, mɔdodowo, kple atikpowo katã gbɔ (ɖe afɔ si ate ŋu aʋli wo ta).
4. Kpɔ alesi wòwɔa nui kple gbɔgbɔ ne wonya he amea alo avu la meta 3 (afɔ 10) ɖe kɔkrit ƒuƒu dzi ko, eye nàdze CPR gɔme enumake ne womele gbɔgbɔm o. Aƒeme kple ablɔdzi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ evelia (50/60 Hz AC) tɔa te dzia to ventricular fibrillation ƒe ʋuʋu me evɔ megblẽa dzobibi ƒe dzesi ɖeka pɛ hã ɖe ŋutigbalẽa dzi o.
5. Ƒo ka na wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada la, . 112 le EU me la, . 999 le UK) KPLE elektrikdɔwɔƒea ƒe gaƒoƒo 24 ƒe ka si wotsɔna ƒoa ka kpata enumake. Kpɔ míaƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata nyatakakadzraɖoƒe. Gblɔ na amedɔdɔwo be: "Míekpɔ afɔtoƒe ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe afɔku si le dɔ wɔm le afɔtoƒe Contact Voltage / Stray Voltage le [Exact Street Address / Corner]. Dzo/EMS biabia kple Electric Utility Priority 1 Make-Safe crew enumake."
6. Tɔ tsitrenu dzɔla meta 5 (afɔ 16) ɖe megbe eye nàtsɔ gbeɖuɖɔgoewo, ʋuwo ƒe ʋuƒo, alo zikpuiwo axe afɔtoƒea vaseɖe esime dzotsilawo alo elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃dzikpɔlawo nava kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesiwo. Esi wònye be ʋuƒo siwo ŋu ŋusẽ le kple atikpowo dze abe ɖe wosɔ kura ene ta la, afɔzɔla alo avu si kplɔe ɖo si azɔ to mɔa dzi le aɖabaƒoƒo eve megbe la aɖo afɔ teƒe ma tututu si wua ame negbe ɖe nèxlɔ̃ nu wo ŋutɔŋutɔ be woadzo.

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Gɔmesese Kadodo ƒe Voltage vs. Notsi/Agble "Stray Voltage".¶

Le elektrikmɔ̃ɖaŋu (si dzi IEEE Standard 1695: Guide to Understanding, Diagnosing, and Mitigating Stray and Contact Voltage kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe edzi me la, wotɔtɔa nudzɔdzɔ eve siwo do ƒome kplii zi geɖe:

1. Kadodo Voltage (Urban Sidewalk & Street Fixture Faults): Voltage si dona tso insulation ƒe kpododonu alo kaƒoƒo ƒe vodada le elektrikka siwo ƒe ŋusẽ le sue alo le titina (120V be 480V secondary distribution alo street lighting circuits) si naa ŋusẽ nusiwo ŋu dutoƒo ate ŋu age ɖo abe dowo, xɔtunuwo, akaɖitiwo, kple afɔtoƒe si xɔ dzo ene. Contact voltage dzidzea 30 va ɖo 480 volts edziedzi eye wòhea ventricular fibrillation si wua ame vɛ le amegbetɔwo kple avuwo me.
2. Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV / True "Stray Voltage"): Voltage si le bɔbɔe (zi geɖe la, 1 va ɖo 10 volts AC) si dzena le ganuwo dome (abe nyinotsidzraƒe ƒe stanchions, lãwo ƒe tsideƒe, alo aƒewo ƒe megbexɔ me tsiƒuƒe ƒe asiléƒewo kple tsiƒuƒe ƒe xɔtaxɔe siwo xɔ dzo) kple anyigba ƒe tɔtrɔ si mesɔ o ta si sina le utility multi-grounded neutral system alo aƒemenɔla ƒe neutral bond si xɔ dzo dzi. Togbɔ be ƒã hafi volt 2 va ɖo 5 ƒo xlã megbexɔ me ta alo melidzeƒea wua ame tẽ le anyigba ƒuƒui dzi hã la, le tsi me la, ate ŋu ana tsiƒula ƒe lãmekawo nazu lãmetututɔ eye wòana Electric Shock Drowning (ESD).

flowchart TD
    A["Afɔzɔla alo Avũ Ƒe Ʋuʋu Le Afɔtoƒe / Ablɔdzi Fixture Teƒe"] --> B{"Ðe Ame Si Ŋu Wowɔ Nuvevi Le Gagale Kakam Ðe Grate, Pole, alo Tsidzaƒe Ŋua?"}
    B -->|YES: Victim or Dog Still in Contact| C["MÈGAÐO AFƆ ÐE GRATE ALOO AKA ÐE AME SI WOKPƆ ÐE AME ŊU LA ME ASI ƑUƑOƑO O"]
    B -->|NO: Victim Already Clear on Dry Concrete| D["Dzro Gbɔgbɔ Kple Ʋu ƒe Ʋuʋudedi me Enumake"]
    C --> E["Tsi tre ɖe Kɔkrit Ƒuƒu Dzi: He Avũ to Nylon/Lãgbalẽ Ƒuƒu Dzi ALOO Tu Amea Ðe Edzi Kple Ati Ƒuƒu / Goma Mat / Awu ƒuƒu"]
    E --> D
    D --> F{"Ðe Ame alo Avũ Le Gbɔgbɔm Hewɔa Nua?"}
    F -->|NO: Unresponsive / Gasping / No Heartbeat| G["Dze CPR gɔme Enumake: 100 va ɖo 120 Compressions/Min eye nàƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999"]
    F -->|YES: Awake / Whimpering / Shaking| H["Ʋuʋu m 5 (afɔ 16) Adzɔge: Bia be ER alo Emergency Vet ECG Monitoring"]
    G --> I["Station Bystander be wòaxe mɔ na afɔtoƒe eye wòayɔ Electric Utility hena Priority 1 Contact Voltage Make-Safe"]
    H --> I

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Dugã me Ablɔdzinu 7 Siwo Me Afɔku Le Wu (Afisi Kadododzikpɔŋusẽ Ɣlana Le) .¶

Le nudzɔdzɔ xɔŋkɔ siwo wua ame (abe elektrikŋusẽ si wòtsɔ ƒo afɔzɔla Jodie Lane le New York City le ƒe 2004 me esi eƒe avuwo ɖo afɔ afɔtoƒe ƒe aɖaka si me ŋusẽ le dzi, si na be wobia tso asitelefon dzi ƒe sia ƒe ƒe elektrikŋusẽ me toto le ablɔ ɖesiaɖe kple afɔtoƒe ɖesiaɖe le NYC kple du bubuwo me) megbe la, numekuku siwo wowɔ le dɔwɔƒewo ɖe ablɔdzixɔ siwo tututu doa kpo nu zi geɖe la fia.

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Nusita Dzomeŋɔli Mɔ Dze He "Stray Voltage Ɣeyiɣi".¶

Togbɔ be elektrikŋusẽ si wotsɔna ƒoa ka ate ŋu adzɔ le dzomeŋɔli ŋkeke ɖesiaɖe si dzi tsi dzana hã la, elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo le dugã me afɔtoƒewo kple do siwo me amewo tona ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo ƒe alafa memama 75 va ɖo 85 dzɔna le December kple March dome. Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ etɔ̃ ƒoa ƒu ɖekae le dzomeŋɔli ƒe ahomwo me:

1. Brine Electrolyte Slush: Tsidzadza dzadzɛ alo sno yeye nye elektrik-mɔ̃ si mede ŋgɔ boo o. Ne dudzikpɔƒewo nya kaka kpe dze (sodium chloride), calcium chloride, alo magnesium chloride ɖe ablɔwo kple afɔtoƒewo ko la, sno si le ƒoƒom la trɔna zua ionic brine solution si me wodea tsii si kplɔa elektrikŋusẽ nyuie wu pɔmpi me tsi zi gbɔ zi alafa geɖe.
2. Exothermic Cable Insulation Breakdown: Dze slush ƒua to manhole pick-holes kple afɔtoƒe kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔwo yia anyigba te splicing xɔwo. Ne tsi fafɛ ge ɖe gbagbã suesuesue siwo le rababa, lifi, alo cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) kaƒomɔ̃ si tsi me la, elektrikŋusẽ sina toa akpa vovovowo dome, si wɔnɛ be dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ dona, egblẽa akɔbli ƒe mɔ̃wo, eye wònaa ŋusẽ kɔkrit-gbadzɛ bliboa si le etame.
3. Dze si kplɔa nu le avu ƒe afɔtiwo kple afɔkpa ƒe afɔtiwo dzi: Avũ si le zɔzɔm to dzomeŋɔli ƒe afɔtoƒe si dze dze le dzi la ƒe afɔti siwo xɔ dzo, siwo wotsɔ tsi fafɛ ƒo xlãe (zi geɖe la, wogbãna alo womeƒu o le mɔ dzi dze ta, si wɔnɛ be ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tsitretsitsi dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna va ɖoa 300 va ɖo 500 ohms ko). Ne elektrikŋusẽ si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi si nye volt 15 va ɖo 30 le avu ƒe afɔɖeɖe si didi sentimeta 60 (afɔ 2) dzi gɔ̃ hã tsɔa miliampere si sɔ toa avu la ƒe akɔta be wòana tetanic lãmekawo nate ŋu aʋuʋu vevesese alo dzidɔ si wua ame.

Nuwɔna ƒe nuxlɔ̃ame kaba ƒe dzesiwo fia be wò avu le sesem le eɖokui me be elektrikŋusẽ si le kadodo me le sue¶

Avuwo ate ŋu ase anyigba ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ɖiɖi si le sue abe 1 va ɖo 5 volts AC hafi amegbetɔ si do afɔkpa siwo ƒe afɔtiwo nye rababa nase naneke kura o. Lé ŋku ɖe wò avu ŋu nyuie ne èle tetem ɖe mɔdodo ƒe tsatsam, ʋuƒo, alo akaɖiti ŋu:

• Gbegbe zi ɖeka be yemazɔ ayi ŋgɔ o ("Brekiwo dada"): Kasia wò avu tɔ kuku, hea megbe le ka la ŋu, eye wògbea afɔtoƒe ƒe ablɔ aɖe koŋ, tsiʋe, alo afɔtoƒe aɖe tsotso. Mègahe avu alo ahee ato teƒe aɖe si vɔvɔ̃ ɖona zi ɖeka be yeazɔ azɔli dzi gbeɖe o.
• Afɔɖeɖe kɔkɔ, afɔkpodzi kɔkɔ, alo afɔdzidede dzitsitsi: Avũ kɔa afɔ ɖeka alo eve kabakaba abe ɖe wòle afɔ tum dzoka xɔxɔwo dzi ene, alo ɖua eƒe ŋgɔgbefɔwo. (Togbɔ be dze fafɛ hã ɖua afɔwo hã la, ne avu la wɔ nu enumake ne eɖe afɔ te ɖe do, grate, alo akaɖiti ŋu eye wòtɔ le ɣeyiɣi si me wòɖe afɔ ɖe megbe la, ke ɖikeke elektrikŋusẽ.)
• Taɖa si le tsitre ɖe eƒe nuwuwu, si le ɣli dom le anyigba, alo bɔbɔ kpata: Avũa léa ŋku ɖe do aɖe si wotsɔ tsyɔa do alo afɔtoƒe ƒe nutsyɔnu ŋu, ebɔbɔna ɖe anyi, alo doa ɣli sesĩe evɔ meɖea afɔ ɖe ahuhɔ̃e dzi o.

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Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ƒe Xɔname ƒe Ðoɖo: Ame alo Avũ si ƒe mo wɔ yaa ƒe Ðeɖekpɔkpɔ Dedie¶

Ne elektrikŋusẽ si trɔna le 50 Hz alo 60 Hz to ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ me la, eʋãa tetanic contraction ("No-Let-Go" lock-on): asi, abɔta, alo afɔ ƒe lãmeka siwo le ʋuʋum la ƒoa ƒu sesĩe eye wotsia tsikpe, si xea mɔ na amea alo lãa le ŋutilã me be wòagaɖe asi le atikpoa ŋu alo aɖe afɔ tso grate si ŋu ŋusẽ le la dzi o.

1. Avũ si Ʋuʋu Le Afɔtoƒe alo Grate Dzi Ðeɖe¶

1. Na wò afɔwo nanɔ afisi wole (alo nàɖe afɔ ÐEKA ɖe megbe ɖe kɔkrit ƒuƒu dzi). Mègaƒu du yi ŋgɔ ɖe kpe gbadzɛ alo ga gbadzɛ si me avu la mu le la dzi gbeɖe o.
2. Kpɔ ka si le asiwò la ɖa:
   • Ne èlé nylon webbing ƑUƑO, polypropylene ka, biothane, alo lãgbalẽ ka: He sesĩe tẽe yi megbe be nàtsɔ avu la meta 2 va ɖo 3 (afɔ 6 va ɖo 10) agbugbɔ aƒu gbe ɖe kɔkrit gbadzɛ ƒuƒu si le megbewò la dzi.
   • Ne ka la nye GA KƆSƆ, alo le tsi ƒom kple dze slush kple tingling le wò asi me: Da ga kɔsɔkɔsɔa alo xatsa dzomeŋɔli ƒe awu ƒuƒu, aɖabɛ ƒuƒu, plastik nuɖuɖudzraƒe kotoku ƒuƒu, alo lãgbalẽ asigɛ ƒuƒu ɖe nylon ka la ŋu nyuie hafi nàhe, alo nàbla awu ƒuƒu/aɖabɛ ɖe avu la ƒe megbe afɔwo alo akɔta be woatsɔ ahe avu la adzoe le teƒe si dzoxɔxɔ le.
3. Ne avu la nya kɔ meta 3 (afɔ 10) le mɔ ƒuƒu dzi ko la, lé ŋku ɖe gbɔgbɔ kple dzi ƒe tsotso ŋu enumake (kpɔ Canine CPR ƒe mɔfiamewo le ete).

2. Amegbetɔ si Ŋu Wowɔ Nuvevi Le si Wotu Ðe Ati, Gli, alo Kplu Ŋu Ðeɖe¶

1. MÈGAtsɔ asi ƒuƒlu lé amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒuƒlu, jaketi xɔdzo, alo afɔkpa o. Ne èlé ame aɖe si gakpɔtɔ le kadodo me kple ablɔdzinu si ƒe ŋusẽ nye 120V va ɖo 480V la, elektrikŋusẽa toa woƒe ŋutilã me tẽ yia tɔwò me, si axe mɔ na mi ame evea siaa ɖe nutome suea me.
2. Gblẽ elektrikŋusẽ ƒe kadodoa to ƒuƒu si menye elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ o zazã me:
   • Loop and Drag: Tsɔ nylon avu ƒe ka ƒuƒu, aɖabɛ ƒuƒu, alidziblanu ƒuƒu, ka ƒuƒu, alo dzomeŋɔliwu ƒuƒu ɣi aɖe ƒe abɔta ƒo xlã amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe afɔkpodzi, asibidɛ, alo akɔta eye nàhe wo ɖe megbe tso grate la dzi alo adzo le atikpoa gbɔ.
   • Tu alo Pry: Zã ati ƒuƒu ƒe asiléƒe, ati 2x4 board, fiberglass sno shovel asi ƒuƒu, plastik gbeɖuɖɔgo, alo rababa ʋu ƒe anyigbadzivɔ ɣi aɖe nàtsɔ atutu amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe abɔ kple afɔ tso ga si ŋu ŋusẽ le la dzi.
   • Body Tackle ONLY as A Last Resort on Dry Ground: Mègawɔ body-tackle amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii gbeɖe ne anyigba si le wo te nye wet voltage gradient o.

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Kpekpeɖeŋu Gbãtɔ Enumake: Amegbetɔ ƒe CPR kple Avuwo ƒe CPR Le Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Ʋuʋu Megbe¶

Elektrikŋusẽ si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi si trɔna (50 to 480V AC) wua ame koŋ to dzia ƒe elektrik-ŋusẽdzidzenu ƒe tɔtɔ me, etsɔa dzitodzitowo ƒua gbe ɖe ʋuʋudedi si me zitɔtɔ le (ventricular fibrillation) alo gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe (gbɔgbɔ ƒe nutsitsi tso diaphragm kple brainstem tetany me). Esi wònye be amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe dzi ƒe lãmeka kple ŋutinuwo le lãmesẽ me keŋkeŋ ta la, CPR si wodze egɔme enumake le sɛkɛnd 60 me la, enaa amegbetɔwo kple avuwo siaa gagbɔa agbe nyuie ŋutɔ.

1. Amegbetɔ ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Kpekpeɖeŋunana Gbãtɔ & CPR¶

1. Ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la nya le anyigba si le dedie, si ƒu dzi ko la, ƒo woƒe abɔta eye nàdo ɣli. Kpɔ woƒe akɔta ɖa be gbɔgbɔ le wo me nyuie hã (ŋe aɖaba ƒu gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe alo "agonal" gbɔgbɔ ɣeaɖewoɣi dzi).
2. Ne mèle dɔ wɔm o eye mègbɔa ya nyuie o la, dze Akɔta ƒe Tete enumake gɔme:
   • Da asi ɖeka ƒe afɔkpodzi ɖe akɔta titina (akɔtaƒu/akɔta ƒe afã si le anyime), da wò asi evelia ɖe edzi, eye nàtue sesĩe eye nàtue kabakaba le zi 100 va ɖo 120 le miniti ɖeka me vaseɖe esime wòagoglo sentimeta 5 va ɖo 6 (inch 2 va ɖo 2.4) na ame tsitsiwo.
   • Ne wona hehee le xɔnamegbɔgbɔ me la, na zi 30 eye nàgbɔ agbe 2 akplɔe ɖo (wòakɔ ta ɖe megbe, akɔ asikea ɖe dzi, aƒo ŋɔtia, eye nàƒoe sɛkɛnd 1 vaseɖe esime akɔta nafɔ).
   • Dɔ nukpɔla aɖe ɖa be wòaxɔ Automated External Defibrillator (AED) si te ɖe ŋuwò wu tso fiase, kamedefefewɔƒe, ɔfis ƒe xɔdɔme, alo suku si te ɖe ŋuwò me. Esi wònye be elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo nana ʋuʋudedi si te ŋu ʋuʋuna (ventricular fibrillation) ta la, AED zazã kabakaba alesi wòanya wɔe nye agbeɖeɖedɔ ɖeka kolia si wɔa dɔ wu. (Kpɔ Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ kple CPR ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.) .
3. Ne amea nyɔ eye wòse le eɖokui me be yeƒe lãme sẽ hã la, bia be woawɔ Ambulance / Emergency Room 12-Lead ECG: Voltage shocks ateŋu ahe dzi ƒe ʋuʋu si tsi megbe, ememe lãmekawo ƒe gbagbã (rhabdomyolysis), alo ta/akɔta ƒe abi evelia le esi wòge ɖe kɔnkrit dzi ta.

2. Canine CPR (Avũ Gbugbɔ Gbugbɔ Gbɔdzɔ Le Elektrikŋusẽ Ƒe Afɔdzidede megbe) .¶

Ne wò avu ƒe susu megale dɔ wɔm o le kɔkrit ƒuƒu dzi le esi woɖee tso xɔtunu alo akaɖiti si ŋu ŋusẽ le dzi vɔ megbe la:

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|              EMERGENCY CANINE CPR FOR ELECTRIC SHOCK                    |
|                                                                         |
|  1. CHECK BREATHING & HEARTBEAT (Max 10 seconds):                       |
|     - Watch the chest for rise/fall; feel for the heartbeat on the      |
|       left side of the chest right where the bent left front elbow      |
|       touches the ribs (3rd to 6th rib space).                          |
|  2. POSITION THE DOG ON ITS RIGHT SIDE on a flat, dry surface.          |
|  3. HAND PLACEMENT FOR CHEST COMPRESSIONS:                              |
|     - Medium/Large Round-Chested Dogs (Retrievers, Shepherds, Labs):    |
|       Place hands over the WIDEST part of the ribcage.                  |
|     - Deep/Narrow-Chested Dogs (Greyhounds, Dobermans, Pointers):       |
|       Place hands directly over the HEART (where the left elbow meets   |
|       the chest).                                                       |
|     - Barrel-Chested Dogs (English Bulldogs, Pugs, French Bulldogs):    |
|       Lay dog on its BACK and compress directly on the breastbone       |
|       like a human.                                                     |
|     - Small Dogs & Cats (< 7 kg / 15 lbs):                              |
|       Wrap one hand around the sternum, squeezing the heart between     |
|       your thumb on one side of the chest and fingers on the other.     |
|  4. COMPRESSION RATE & DEPTH:                                           |
|     - Push at 100 to 120 compressions per minute.                       |
|     - Compress 1/3 to 1/2 the width of the dog's chest.                 |
|  5. SNOUT-TO-MOUTH RESCUE BREATHS (30 Compressions : 2 Breaths):        |
|     - Hold the dog's jaws tightly closed with your hands.               |
|     - Place your mouth completely over the dog's NOSE (both nostrils).  |
|     - Blow gently for 1 second until you see the dog's chest rise.      |
|     - Repeat 30 compressions : 2 breaths continuously until the dog     |
|       breathes on its own or you reach an emergency veterinarian.       |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

• Ne wò avu tsi tre heʋuʋui le afɔtoƒe ƒe ʋuʋu vɔ megbe hã la, yi Lãwo ƒe Dɔwɔla si wɔa dɔ kpata gbɔ tẽ: Avu siwo tsi agbe le elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo me ateŋu axɔ non-cardiogenic neurogenic pulmonary edema (tsi si yɔa lãkusiwo me tso adrenaline gã aɖe kple ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe dzidziɖedzi le ʋuʋudedia me) gaƒoƒo 1 va ɖo 12 megbe, along kple dzi ƒe tsotso ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie. Kpɔ egbɔ be gbɔgbɔtsixe tsi ame ƒo kabakaba, kɔdzi, aɖuɖɔtoe siwo le blɔ alo blɔ, alo gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ hã.

(Asiwɔwɔ ƒe CPR kple kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔ ƒe hehexɔxɔ xɔa amewo ɖe agbe. Míele aɖaŋu ɖom vevie be nàwɔ kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ kple CPR/AED ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ si ŋu woda asi ɖo le ame ŋutɔ gbɔ, kpakple Aƒemelãwo ƒe Kpekpeɖeŋunana Gbãtɔ ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃, tso Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, St John Ambulance, alo atikewɔla kpata si le mia gbɔ gbɔ.)

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Mɔxexeɖedɔléle Nu ƒe Dɔwɔnuwo Kple Dodokpɔ: Avũwo ƒe Afɔkpawo, Ka Siwo Metsɔa Mɔ Ðea Nu O, Kple Nyatakakawo Nana¶

1. Dzomeŋɔli afɔtoƒe takpɔkpɔ na avuwo kple afɔzɔlawo¶

• Rubber-Soled Dog Booties: Standard tsɛ avɔ alo lãfu "paw socks" va zua tsi kple conductive dze brine le miniti ʋɛ aɖewo me eye wonaa zero elektrik-nulénu. Be nàkpɔ avu ta tso dugã me kadodo ƒe elektrikŋusẽ me la, zã vulcanized natural rubber balloon booties (abe Pawz waterproof rubber booties) alo avu ƒe afɔkpa siwo wotsɔ rababa wɔe siwo ƒe afɔtiwo le ɣie siwo wodzrana ɖo be woaƒu le eme, siwo naa dielectric rubber mɔxenu aɖe nɔa afɔkpa ƒe afɔti kple mɔdodo si ŋu ŋusẽ le dome.
• Ƒo asa na Ga Kɔsɔkɔsɔ Ka: Mègazɔ avu le dua me gbeɖe to chrome alo gakpo kɔsɔkɔsɔ ka zazã o. Ne avu la ƒe kɔme alo ŋɔti ka akaɖiti alo gli si ŋu ŋusẽ le la, gakɔsɔkɔsɔ aɖe tsɔa elektrikŋusẽ bliboa yia wò asibidɛ ƒuƒlu la me tẽ. Zã nylon, biothane, alo lãgbalẽ ka ɣesiaɣi.
• Zɔ le Kɔkrit Ƒuƒuwo ƒe Titina: Na hehe wò ŋutɔ kple viwòwo be nàwɔ nu ɖe gayibɔ ƒe do ƒe nutsyɔnu, gakpo ƒe ʋuƒo siwo le dzogoe ene me, kple afɔtoƒe ƒe ʋuƒo ŋu abe "lava" ene: nàɖe afɔ ɖe wo dzi alo aƒo xlã wo ɣesiaɣi ɖe kɔkrit ƒe kpe gbadzɛwo titina.

2. Alesi woagblɔ nusi wosusu be Contact Voltage shock ale be utilities naɖɔe ɖo enumake¶

Ne wò alo wò avu se le ɖokuiwò me be yeƒe ʋuʋudedi alo zap fafɛ aɖe gɔ̃ hã le afɔtoƒe, akaɖiti, alo do si me amewo tona ƒe nutsyɔnu ŋu la:

1. De dzesi nusi tututu woatsɔ aɖoe tso didiƒe si le dedie: Ðe foto si ɖe doa ƒe nutsyɔnu tɔxɛ, grate, alo ga xexlẽdzesi si le ablɔdzikaɖiti dzi fia ne wotsɔe sɔ kple xɔa ƒe adrɛs si te ɖe ŋuwò wu.
2. Ƒo ka na AME EVIE 911 (alo 112 / . 999) KPLE elektrikdɔwɔƒea ƒe kaƒoƒo kpata: De dzesii be le du geɖe me la, Gamɔdzikaɖiwo kple ʋu ƒe dzesiwo nye Dua ƒe Ʋuɖonyawo Gbɔkpɔƒe (DOT) tɔ, evɔ ka siwo le anyigba te siwo naa nuɖuɖu wo la nye Elektrikdɔwɔƒea tɔ. Yɔyɔ 911 eye Electric Utility zia ƒunukpeƒe "Make-Safe" ŋuɖoɖo dzi le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me afisi utility ƒe kuxidzikpɔla aɖe doa atikpoa kple afɔtoƒea kpɔna kple calibrated low-impedance contact-voltage detector (Shunt-resistor voltmeter) eye wòtsoa elektrikŋusẽ si le fixture si gblẽ la ŋu le teƒea.

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• Elektrik kple Elektrɔnik Mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (IEEE): IEEE Dzidzenu 1695-2016: IEEE Mɔfiame na Gɔmesese, Diagnose, kple Mitigating Stray kple Contact Voltage (Dugã me mama evelia ƒe vodadawo, afɔɖeɖe/kakaka ŋutete, kple shunt-resistor dzidzedze ƒe ɖoɖowo).
• New York State Public Service Commission (NYSPSC) & Consolidated Edison (United States): Elektrik Dedienɔnɔ Dzidzenuwo: Stray Voltage Testing and Inspection Order (Ƒe sia ƒe ƒe asitelefon kple asi contact-voltage scanning data le manholes, service boxes, kple dudzikpɔƒe ƒe ablɔdzikaɖiwo ŋu).
• Amerika Lãwo ƒe Atikewɔlawo ƒe Habɔbɔ (AVMA) & RECOVER Initiative (Lãwo ƒe Dɔléle Kpata kple Beléle Vevie Habɔbɔ): RECOVER Dɔnɔdzikpɔƒe ƒe Mɔfiamewo na Dzitodzito me Gbugbɔgadzɔ le Avuwo kple Avuwo me (Asidede to akɔta ƒe nɔnɔme nu, 100 va ɖo 120 compressions/min rate, 30:2 snout-to-mouth ventilation, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aklã me ʋu ƒe sisi dzi kpɔkpɔ le dzidziƒoame megbe).
• Amerika Dzi Habɔbɔ (AHA) & Europa Gbɔgbɔyɔyɔ Aɖaŋuɖoha (ERC): Mɔfiamewo na Dzitodzito me Gbɔgbɔ kple Dzitodzitowo ƒe Beléle Kpata: Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Abixɔxɔ kple Low-Voltage Ventricular Fibrillation.
• Lãmesẽ kple Dedienɔnɔ Dɔwɔƒe (HSE, United Kingdom) & Mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwo Kple Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Dɔwɔƒe (IET): Elektrik Dedienɔnɔ Dzikpɔkpɔ le Mɔdodo Gãwo Dzi Ablɔdzi Akaɖiwo Kple Ablɔdzinuwo Me ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ
• CPR (Dzitodzito me gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe) .
• Atamanono ƒe dowo, elektrik-nudzraɖoƒe si le anyigba te ƒe wowó, kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe pɔmpiwo ƒe gbagbã
• Nutoa me transformer ƒe wowó, pole ƒe dzo, alo utility box dama si womeʋu o
• Elektrikkawo ƒe gege kple ʋu ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ƒoƒo
• Tsiƒuƒe ƒe tsidzɔƒe ƒe mɔ̃ kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe tsinyenye
• Aƒemelãwo le nɔnɔme kpatawo me
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woatsɔ awɔ nudzɔdzɔ kpatawoe