Ya si Womiã Ƒe Tu ƒe Nuveviwɔame: Ya ƒe Ʋuʋudedi, Ŋutilã ƒe Gege ɖe Ame Ŋu, Kple Ya ƒe Nuveviwɔame¶

Fiase me ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe ka siwo le ʋudzraɖoƒewo, atikpakpadzraƒewo, mɔ̃dzraƒewo, kple dɔwɔƒewo wɔa dɔ zi geɖe le 6.2 va ɖo 8.6 bar (90 va ɖo 125 pounds le inch square ɖeka me, alo psi), eye agbatsɔʋu kpekpewo kple dɔwɔƒewo ƒe ya ka siwo ɖoa 10.3 va ɖo 12 bar (150 va ɖo 175 psi). Esi wònye be ya si woƒo ɖe nu me nye nusi womekpɔna o, meʋẽna o, eye wòsena le eɖokui me be fa miamiamia eye naneke megblẽa nu le ame ŋu le adzɔge o ta la, dɔwɔlawo zãa ya si woƒo ɖe ya me si ƒe nugbɔ le ʋuʋu ɖi enuenu tsɔ ƒoa ke ɖe aŋɔ, ga siwo wotsɔ blaa nu, alo ƒoa woƒe dɔwɔwuwo, asiwo, kple taɖawo. Numame ma nye vodada si ate ŋu awu ame. Ne wolé ya si woƒo ɖe enu ƒe nugbɔ si ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o ɖe sentimeta 1 va ɖo 2 (inch 0.4 va ɖo 0.8) tso ŋutilãa gbɔ, alo ne dɔwɔla aɖe zã asibidɛ tsɔ xe mɔ na nugbɔ ƒe nugbɔ la, ya si le 2 bar (30 psi) dzi la toa awuwo kple ŋutigbalẽ si me gblẽ o me bɔbɔe, alo gena ɖe nusuekpɔmɔ̃ suesuesuewo, ɖawo, ŋkuwo, towo, alo ŋutilã me orifices, si naa ŋutigbalẽ te lãkusiwo dea ya abe balloon ene eye wòzia ya ƒe kuɖɔwo dzi tẽe be woage ɖe ʋukawo kple ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona me.

Ne ya si woƒo ɖe ʋua me nya ge ɖe ʋukawo me ko la, ewɔa ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi si zɔa mɔ le sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo ko me yia dzia ƒe ɖusime, afisi wòƒona le wòzua futukpɔ si woate ŋu aƒo si xea mɔ na ʋu ƒe sisi yi lãkusiwo me (ɖusime ventricular air lock), alo tsoa ʋukawo me tsɔ xea ʋuka siwo le ahɔhɔ̃a kple dzia me, si srɔ̃a ʋusɔgbɔdɔ gã aɖe alo dzi ƒe ʋuʋu. Ŋutasẽnuwɔwɔ si gagblẽa nu wue nye ya si woƒo ɖe sɔ ƒe fefe: ne èfia asi fiase me ya ƒe hose ɖe dɔwɔhati ƒe akɔta alo eƒe akɔta tso didiƒe tso sentimeta 10 va ɖo 15 (inch 4 va ɖo 6), to denim dɔwɔwɔ ƒe jeans kpekpewo dzi gɔ̃ hã, doa gas si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ ƒe sɔti aɖe tẽ to akɔta ƒe lãkusi me, si doa ya ɖe dɔgboa me eye wòwóna le esi mede sɛkɛnd afã o me. Ne ènya alesi nàɖo amesi ŋu ya ƒe ʋuʋu le ɖe miame-axadzi decubitus (Durant) nɔnɔme me, ana oxygen si sina ŋutɔ 100 le alafa me, ade dzesi lãmeka te ƒe ʋuka si me ʋu sina tona ("Rice Krispies" si le ʋuʋum le ŋutigbalẽ te), eye nàkpɔ ya ƒe dɔgbo ƒe gbagbã gbɔ la, eɖea amewo ƒe agbe. Kpɔ ɖa xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata, . pressure washer injection kple elektrikdɔwɔnu kickback abiwo, . ŋku ƒe abixɔxɔ, kple dzidziƒoame.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Tsi ya si woƒo ɖe eme la alo ɖee ɖa enumake eye nàtsɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ayi teƒe gbadza aɖe si didi tso mɔ̃ siwo le dɔ wɔm gbɔ. Mègaŋe aɖaba ƒu ya si woƒo ɖe ŋutigbalẽa ŋu dzi gbeɖe le esi ʋu aɖeke mele dodom le gota o ta ko o; ya si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã aɖe toa do si me nusuekpɔmɔ̃ le si tsia megbe nɛ me gena ɖe eme esime ya le lãmekawo ƒe yameʋuwo me lãm hegena ɖe ʋukawo me.
2. Ne gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe kpata, akɔtave, taɖuame, tɔtɔ, nuƒoƒo ƒuƒlu, lãmetutudɔ, alo mu dze anyi le ya si woƒo ɖe enu ƒe wowó megbe la, tsɔ wo ɖo woƒe MIAME enumake eye woƒe ta kple akɔta nabɔbɔ alo woakɔ ɖe anyi vie (Durant / left-lateral Trendelenburg nɔnɔme). Lying on the left side traps buoyant air kuɖɔ siwo le ɖusime ʋuka ƒe ta kple ɖusime ʋuka si le adzɔge tso aklã ƒe ʋuka si dona le eme gbɔ ale be dzia nate ŋu ayi edzi anɔ ʋu ƒom ɖe aklã me; kpɔ gbagbãdᴐ kple dzidɔ.
3. Ƒo ka na wò nutoa me ƒe xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom) eye nàgblɔe eme nakɔ be: "Wosusu be ʋukawo me ya le ʋukawo me tso ya si wodo ɖe lãme na ame si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ me." Na amedɔdɔwo nanya be ate ŋu abia be woatsɔ dɔnɔa ayi kɔdzi kpata si me Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) recompression le xɔmexɔ; le ŋku ɖe eŋu xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata.
4. Na oxygen si sina sɔ gbɔ 100 le alafa me to ametakpɔnu si megagbɔa ya o dzi si ƒe ŋusẽ nye lita 15 le miniti ɖeka me ne dɔwɔƒe ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔ ƒe oxygen dɔwɔƒe alo kpekpeɖeŋunala va ɖo ko. Oxygen gbɔgbɔ 100 le alafa me klɔa nitrogen doa goe le ʋua me, si wɔnɛ be ya si woƒo ɖe ʋua me si me nitrogen sɔ gbɔ ɖo si xaxa ɖe ahɔhɔ̃ kple dzitodzito me ʋu me la dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna nugoewo.
5. Ne ya si woƒo ɖe enu do go le akɔta, akɔta, alo ƒodo gbɔ (sɔ ƒe fefe alo gege ɖe no me le vo me) eye ƒodo le veve sem kpata alo ƒodo sesẽ si vuvu la, na woanɔ anyi gbadzaa, màna NANEKE to nu me o, eye nàdzra ɖo ɖe ʋuʋu kabakaba ŋu. Ya si me ya sesẽ le la gbãa sigmoid dɔgboa eye wòzia ya dzi wòge ɖe ƒodoa me do (tension pneumoperitoneum), si tea vena cava kple diaphragm.
6. Ðe asigɛwo, gaƒoɖokuiwo, kple abɔtawu sesẽwo katã ɖa le asi alo alɔnu si wodo ya me enumake, eye nàna abɔa nagaʋuʋu le dzi ƒe seƒe o. Mègatsɔ elastic compression wrap alo ice pack sesẽ aɖe asisi abɔ si vuvu kple ya si le ŋutigbalẽ te la gbeɖe o, elabena lãmekawo ƒe yaƒoƒo si nu sẽ ŋutɔ hea abɔ kple afɔ ƒe afɔku vɛ compartment syndrome; kpɔ crush injury kple compartment syndrome ƒe dɔléle.

Nyametsotsoti: ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe abixɔxɔ kple embolism triage¶

flowchart TD
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    Site -->|"Akɔta Vevesese, Gbɔgbɔ Kpuie, Tɔtɔ, Lãmetsiŋusẽ, alo Mumu"| Embolism["1. BU BE VASCULAR AIR EMBOLISM ENƆME; 2. Da amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ɖe MIAME KPƆKPƆ dzi eye eƒe ta nabɔbɔ alo wòaɖiɖi vie (Durant ƒe nɔnɔme); 3. Na oxygen si sina ŋutɔ 100% (15 L/min non-rebreather mask); 4. Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 eye nàbia Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBOT) dɔwɔƒea"]
    Site -->|"Asi, Asibidɛ, Abɔ, alo Kɔ Ŋutilã Dodo (Ŋutilã si Vuvu / Ʋuʋudedi) ."| SkinInject["1. Ðe asigɛwo, gaƒoɖokuiwo, kple awu siwo katã xea mɔ na ame la ɖa enumake; 2. Kpɔe nyuie be ahɔhɔ̃mekawo alo gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe dzesiwo le eŋu hã; 3. Na abɔ kple afɔ nanɔ dzi ƒe sɔsɔme; MÈGAMImi alo atsɔ akplɔ aƒo lãkusi siwo vuvu o; 4. Ʋuɖoɖo yi Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ hena amekoko ƒe decompression ƒe dodokpɔ"]
    Site -->|"Blast Near Buttocks, Perineum, alo Mouth (Sɔdzifefe / Nozzle Afɔku) ."| Orifice["1. WOBU BE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU KPLE TENSION PNEUMOPERITONEUM; 2. Mlɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la gbadzaa alo ɖe miame eye nàtsɔ klowo abɔbɔ vie; 3. Mègana NANEKE to nu me o; lé ŋku ɖe gbɔgbɔ ŋu esime ƒodo si keke la le lãkusiwo tem; 4. Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 hena amekoko ƒe nuveviwɔame ƒe ʋuɖoɖo enumake"]
    Site -->|"Ya ƒe Ʋuʋu Tsã Yi Ŋku alo To ƒe Tɔdzisasrã me"| EyeEar["1. Ŋku: Tsɔ akpoxɔnu sesẽ tsyɔ edzi nyaƒoɖeamenu manɔmee; lé ŋku ɖe orbital swelling ŋu hã; 2. To: MÈGADE tsize alo kotoku me tome o; na to naƒu; 3. Lé ŋku ɖe tagbɔdɔléle, mo ƒe lãmekawo ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ, alo ya si le tagbɔ me ŋu"]
    Embolism --> Monitor["Dze CPR gɔme ne ʋu ƒe sisi mele eŋu o eye mewɔa dɔ o; na kpekpeɖeŋunalawo nanya nu tso barotrauma ŋu"]
    SkinInject --> Monitor
    Orifice --> Monitor
    EyeEar --> Monitor

Ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe nuveviwɔame ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya kple OSHA 2-bar (30-psi) dedienɔnɔ ƒe se¶

Nusita ya si woƒo ƒu gena ɖe amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ kple lãmenugbagbeviwo me¶

Dɔwɔla geɖe tsɔe be esi ya si woƒo ɖe yame nye gas tsɔ wu be wòanye tu sesẽ alo tsi si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ abe yaƒoƒomɔ̃ alo tsi ƒe hose ene ta la, ɖeko wòdzona le ŋutigbalẽa dzi. Le nyateƒe me la, amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ kple ŋutigbalẽ te ƒe lãkusi mete ŋu nɔa te ɖe gas si woƒo ƒu ƒe sisi si woƒo ƒu nu o wòɖe dzesi ŋutɔ:

• 0.2 va ɖo 0.35 bar (3 va ɖo 5 psi): Nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ le nu, lãkusi, alo dɔgbo me be wòagbã amegbetɔ ƒe nuɖuɖutome, dɔgbo, alo dɔgbo gã.
• 0.35 va ɖo 1.0 bar (5 va ɖo 15 psi): Nyaƒoɖeamenu si sɔ be wòagbã amegbetɔ ƒe tomeka (tympanic membrane) alo aɖe ŋkumeʋuʋua ɖa (globe luxation) eye wòazi ya ɖe ŋkua ƒe tsatsam megbe.
• 0.8 va ɖo 2.0 bar (12 va ɖo 30 psi): Ete ŋu tsɔa ɖi, ga ƒomevi aɖe, kple ya toa lãgbalẽ sue aɖe, pepa si wotso, alo asibidɛwo ƒe ʋuʋu me, eye wòtsoa flexor tendon sheaths tso asibidɛa ƒe nugbɔ vaseɖe abɔta kple akɔta ƒe gli me le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me.
• Ewu 2.0 bar (30 psi) kple va ɖo 8.6 bar (125 psi): Fiase me ya ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o si wozãna ɖaa. Ne wotsɔ ya ƒe nugbɔ si ƒe didime nye 6 va ɖo 8 (90 va ɖo 120-psi) lé ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ƒuƒlu alo avɔ tsɛ aɖe ŋu tẽ la, etsɔa ya toa lãkusi si me gblẽ o me tẽ, tsɔa ya si woƒo mililita alafa geɖe doa abɔa, eʋua ʋuka siwo le ŋutigbalẽ te, eye wòdoa gas ɖe ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona me tẽ.

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.242(b) kple dukɔwo dome se si nye 2-bar (30-psi) si me ame aɖeke mele o¶

Be woaxe mɔ ɖe ya ƒe ʋuʋu si wua ame kple ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋu si gena ɖe lãme na ame nu la, United States ƒe Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.242(b)), UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE), kple dukɔwo dome dedienɔnɔ ŋuti se siwo sɔ kplii de se vevie be ele be woaɖe ya si woƒo ƒu si wozãna hena dzadzɛnyenye ƒe taɖodzinuwo dzi akpɔtɔ wòade 2 bar (30 psi) gauge nyaƒoɖeamenu, eye emegbe hafi woatsɔ chip guarding kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe ametakpɔnu nyuiwo awɔ dɔe.

Vevietɔ la, seɖoƒe sia si nye 2-bar (30-psi) la ku ɖe dead-end static pressure ŋu, si fia be nyaƒoɖeamenu si wodzidzena le tu si wotsɔna ƒoa yae ƒe nugbɔ ne wotu nugbɔa ɖe anyigba sesẽ aɖe dzi (abe dɔwɔla ƒe asibidɛ alo awu ene):

1. Nusitae se meɖe mɔ ɖe tu si wotsɔna ƒoa yae si ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o ŋu le dzadzɛnyenye me o: Ne fiase me yaƒoƒomɔ̃ aɖe zɔna le 7 bar (100 psi) me eye wòzãa akɔbli tu si wotsɔna ƒoa yae si ƒe pɔmpi si le ʋuʋu ɖi si wozãna ɖaa si me nyaƒoɖeamenudzidzenu alo axadzi-gbɔdzɔƒe aɖeke mele o la, ne èzi tu ma dzi ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ŋu la, ana ka ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu 7 bar (100 psi) bliboa naɖo lãkusia me.
2. Alesi dedienɔnɔ ƒe tu si wɔ ɖeka kple OSHA wɔa dɔe: Dedienɔnɔ ƒe nugbɔ si wɔ ɖeka kple se nu la ƒe do siwo woɖe tso atitsoga me le radial relief alo Venturi ƒe nugbɔ le inline pressure regulator si woɖo ɖe 2 bar (30 psi) te la xa. Ne wozi dedienɔnɔ ƒe nugbɔ ƒe nugbɔ ɖe dɔwɔla ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ŋu le vo me la, woxea do gã la, eye ya la dona le axadzi doa go le radial relief ports me ale be ŋutigbalẽ ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si le mɔ si me ku o la mate ŋu agbɔ 2 bar (30 psi) ŋu o.

Vascular air embolism: ne fiase me ya ge ɖe ʋukawo me¶

Alesi ya si woƒo tso asibidɛ alo kɔ ƒe abi me yia dzi kple ahɔhɔ̃ me¶

Ne ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe tu zi gas dzi to asi, abɔta, kɔ, alo akɔta ƒe gli ƒe ŋutigbalẽ me la, gas kotoku si le kekem ɖe enu la nana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si lolo sasasã wu ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi si sɔ (si nye 0.005 va ɖo 0.015 bar, alo 4 va ɖo 12 mmHg ko). Gas ƒona ɖe ŋutigbalẽ te ʋuka siwo wotso la me tẽ eye wòtoa mɔ vovovo eve dzi:

1. Venous Air Embolism (Right-Heart Air Lock): Gas bubbles sina toa alɔ alo kɔ ƒe ʋukawo me yia dzitodzito si le etame la me eye wògena ɖe dzia ƒe ɖusime ʋuka kple ɖusime ʋuka me. Esi wònye be ya te ŋu tea ɖe anyi evɔ ʋu si nye tsi ya mate ŋu aƒoe o ta la, ne ɖusime ʋukaa ƒo xlã ya kotoku gã aɖe (zi geɖe la, mililita 50 va ɖo 100, si fiase me hose si ƒe ʋuƒo 7 nana le sɛkɛnd ɖeka ƒe akpa sue aɖe me) la, ɖeko dzitodzitoa ƒoa foam bubble la hekekenɛ ɖe enu tsɔ wu be wòatsɔ ʋu ayi ŋgɔe ayi aklã ƒe ʋuka me. Dzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna va ɖoa zero, si wɔnɛ be dzitodzito ƒe cyanosis (ŋutilã blɔ), ʋu ƒe sisi si le gbagbãm, kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si me ʋu ƒe sisi o (PEA) ƒe dzitodzito tsia.
2. Arterial / Cerebral Air Embolism (Paradoxical Embolism): Ame tsitsi siwo le lãmesẽ me dometɔ siwo ade 25 va ɖo 30 le alafa me ƒe ʋuƒo sue aɖe si le abe flap ene le dzia ƒe ɖusime kple miame ʋukawo dome si woyɔna be patent foramen ovale (PFO) si zi geɖe la, enɔa tutu. Ne ʋuka me ya ƒe kuɖɔwo xe mɔ na aklã ƒe ʋukawo eye wòna nyaƒoɖeamenu si le dzia ƒe ɖusime la nu sẽ la, ʋuƒo ma ʋuna, eye wòɖea ya si woƒo ɖe eme la yia dzia ƒe miame, ʋuka si me ʋu sina tona, dzitodzito me ʋukawo (si hea dzitodzito me ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona enumake), kple ahɔhɔ̃ me ʋukawo (si hea ʋusɔgbɔdɔ enumake vɛ, alɔ̃madɔmadɔ, . ŋkumaʋumaʋu, alo alɔ̃madɔmadɔ). Ya ateŋu age ɖe aklã me ʋukawo hã me tẽ ne tu si woda ɖe nu me la ƒo ya fũ eye wògbã aklã ƒe ʋukawo (aklã me barotrauma).

De dzesi ʋukawo me ya si me ʋu sina tona le fiase me¶

Bu eŋu be ya ƒe ʋuka me ʋu si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me ne dɔwɔla aɖe si zã ya si woƒo ɖe ya me ƒe tu teti koe nye ema alo xɔ abi le ya ƒe hose me la dze dzesi siwo gbɔna la dometɔ ɖeke dze le sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo va ɖo miniti 30 me:

• Gbegbɔgbɔ kpata si me gbɔgbɔtsixe tsia ame ƒo (gbɔgbɔtsixe), kɔdzidɔ, alo gbɔgbɔtsixe tsia ame ƒo
• Akɔtave sesẽ si le akɔta te si kpe ɖe ʋu ƒe sisi kpata, ŋutigbalẽ si le ɣie alo blɔ, kple ta ƒe ʋuʋu si gbɔ eme
• Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si srɔ̃a ʋusɔgbɔdɔ: Tɔtɔ kpata, nuƒoƒo ƒe ŋutetemanɔamesi (aphasia), mo ƒe ŋeŋe, gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ alo lãmetutudɔ le ŋutilã ƒe akpa ɖeka (hemiparesis), nukpɔkpɔ ƒe bu kpata, alo tonic-clonic seizures si bɔ; kpɔ ɖa gbagbãdᴐ kple alɔ̃madɔmadɔ
• Ame ƒe anyidzedze kpata kple eƒe susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ

Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ƒe beléle kpata le ya si wosusu be ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi ŋu¶

1. Tsɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ɖo Durant ƒe afɔɖeɖea me (Miame-Axadzi Decubitus, Ta Gbadza alo Yi anyi vie):
2. Mia amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ɖe woƒe miame dzi enumake.
3. Esi wònye be ɖusimeʋuka (aklã ƒe ʋuka) ƒe sisi ƒe mɔnu nɔa ɖusime dzitodzito ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa si le etame le miame ta la, ne woƒo dɔnɔa ɖe woƒe miame ta la, ya si le ʋuʋum la ƒua du yia dzi va ɖoa ɖusimeʋuka ƒe ɖusime ʋuka ƒe ta kple ɖusimeʋuka ƒe axadzigli la me, si wɔnɛ be ʋu si me tsi le sina toa kuɖɔa te yia lãkusiawo me.
4. Na ta kple akɔta nanɔ gbadzaa (supine/left-lateral)**, alo nàkɔ afɔawo ɖe dzi vie (Trendelenburg degree 10 va ɖo 15) ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko ne wosusu be venous right-heart air lock eye ta mexɔ abi aɖeke o; ne ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu le ʋusɔgbɔdɔ ƒe dzesiwo hem vɛ xoxo la, atikewɔla geɖe siwo ƒe lãme sẽ wu lɔ̃a flat left-lateral or flat supine positioning eyata ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu medzia ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe vuvu ɖe edzi o. Ƒo wo katã ta la, mègabɔbɔ dɔnɔa ɖe tsitrenu gbeɖe o.
5. Na oxygen 100 le alafa me enumake:
6. Fiase me ya si woƒo ƒu nye nitrogen 78 le alafa me eye oxygen 21 le alafa me. Ne dɔwɔla aɖe gbɔ oxygen 100 le alafa me le atikewɔwɔ me to ametakpɔnu si me womegagbɔa ya le o si le eŋu sesĩe si ƒe kpekpeme nye lita 15 le miniti ɖeka me la, nitrogen dona le woƒe ʋukawo me.
7. Nitrogen si xaxa ɖe ʋukawo me ya ƒe kuɖɔwo me kakana kabakaba yia ʋu si ƒo xlãe si me nitrogen mele o me eye lãkusiwo ɖenɛ doa goe, si wɔnɛ be kuɖɔa ƒe lolome dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna 50 le alafa me alo esi wu nenema esime wòtsɔa oxygen vevi aɖe yina na ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo me ʋu sina tona.
8. Wɔ CPR si de ŋgɔ ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la mewɔa nu nyuie o eye megbɔa ya nyuie o:
9. Ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la dze anyi ɖe dzidɔ me tso ɖusimeʋuka ƒe ya ƒe gaxɔ me la, ƒo wo ɖe woƒe akɔta gbadzaa ɖe anyigba sesẽ aɖe dzi eye nàdze akɔta tete sesĩe gɔme le aɖabaƒoƒo ɖeka me, sentimeta 5 va ɖo 6 (inch 2 va ɖo 2.4) ƒe goglome enumake; kpɔ ɖa CPR kple AED.
10. Akɔta ƒe gotagome nutete sesẽwo gbãa ɖusimeʋuka ƒe yaƒoƒo ƒe kotoku gã aɖe le ŋutilã me wòzua kuɖɔ suesuesuewo eye wozia wo dzi yia ŋgɔ to aklã ƒe ʋukawo ƒe aba me ale be ʋu nate ŋu adze ʋu ƒe sisi gɔme ake.
11. Wɔ ɖoɖo ɖe ʋuɖoɖo enumake yi Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) dɔwɔƒe:
12. Atikewɔwɔ si ŋu kakaɖedzi le na ʋukawo alo ʋuka me gas ƒe ʋuʋu sesẽe nye hyperbaric recompression therapy (zi geɖe la, le 2.8 atmospheres absolute me), si gbãa gas ƒe kuɖɔawo le ŋutilã me wòdea woƒe lolome ƒe akpa etɔ̃lia le Boyle ƒe Sea nu eye wògbugbɔa ʋu ƒe sisi yia ahɔhɔ̃ kple dzi me.

Aɖuɖɔtoe si le ŋutigbalẽ te kple asi kple alɔnu si wodona ɖe ŋutigbalẽ me si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ¶

Nusitae "ʋumanɔmee" ya si womiã ƒe asibidɛ ƒe abi nye amekoko ƒe nudzɔdzɔ kpata¶

Ne mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla alo mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔla aɖe tsɔ tu si ƒe didime nye 7-psi (100-psi) ƒo asibidɛ, asibidɛ, asibidɛ, alo abɔta le vo me, vevietɔ ne ami sue aɖe ƒe gbagbã, abi si wotsɔ lãgbalẽ wɔe, alo ɖa ƒo ɖe eŋu la, ya si le ʋuʋum la toa ŋutigbalẽa me eye wònaa ya si le ŋutigbalẽa te si me mekɔ o kple ŋkume ƒe yameʋu siwo goglo la dona.

Le sɛkɛnd 2 va ɖo 5 me la, dɔwɔla la kpɔnɛ be:

• Vuvu si le abe balloon ene si ƒua du tso asibidɛ dzi yia asi, abɔta, abɔta, abɔta, kɔ, kple mo kple akɔta ƒe gli gɔ̃ hã dzi.
• Tactile crepitus ("Rice Krispies" crackling under the skin): Ne èka asi alɔ alo kɔ si vuvu ŋu blewuu la, èsena le ɖokuiwò me eye nèsea ƒoƒo, ʋuʋu, alo ʋuʋu ƒe seselelãme si dze ƒã esime ya ƒe kuɖɔ sue akpe geɖe siwo xaxa la le ʋuʋum le wò asibidɛwo te (subcutaneous emphysema).
• Vevesese sesẽ si le ƒoƒo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu me, eƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe amadede dzẽ, kple lãmetutudɔ: Ne wodo ya si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã si sɔ ɖe asi alo abɔta ƒe fascial akpa siwo xaxa eye womeɖea asi le wo ŋu o la, lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzina ɖe edzi wu capillary perfusion pressure, si wɔnɛ be ʋu ƒe sisi yia lãmekawo kple lãmekawo me dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna (pneumatic compartment syndrome). Gakpe ɖe eŋu la, fiase me ya si woƒo ƒu la menyea dɔlékui aɖeke gbeɖe o; compressor crankcase oil mist, condensation tsi ƒoɖi, gbeɖuɖɔ si tso gakpoxɔlawo ƒe tsigoewo me, kple fiase me ke ƒo ɖii vevie, si hea atikewo ƒe cellulitis sesẽ kple necrotizing deep-space infections vɛ; kpɔ ɖa pressure washer injection kple elektrikdɔwɔnu kickback abiwo.

Kpekpeɖeŋu gbãtɔ na ya si woƒo ɖe ŋutigbalẽ te dodo¶

1. Ðe asigɛwo, gaƒoɖokuiwo, asigɛwo, kple awudziwui ƒe asigɛ sesẽwo katã ɖa le sɛkɛnd 60 gbãtɔwo me: Ya si le ŋutigbalẽ te ƒe vuvu yia ŋgɔ kabakaba wu ʋuʋudedi dzro si me abi le; sika alo gakpo ƒe asigɛ aɖe awɔ tourniquet na asibidɛa le miniti eve me.
2. Kpɔ kɔ kple yaƒoƒomɔ̃a ɖa ne ya zɔ to abɔta: Ne ya si woƒo ɖe asi alo abɔta la tso abɔta ƒe lãkusi me yi mediastinum (akɔta titina) kple kɔ (pneumomediastinum) me la, amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe kɔ ate ŋu avuvu wòadze eye woƒe gbe ate ŋu axɔ gbeɖiɖi si kɔkɔ, si nye ŋɔti, "Donald." Duck" alo hoarse quality ("hamman ƒe crunch" ate ŋu ase le dzia dzi). Lé ŋku ɖe woƒe gbɔgbɔ ŋu nyuie eye nàna woƒe dzi nadze eme.
3. Tsɔ gaze ƒuƒu ƒuƒu si me dɔlékui mele o tsyɔ alɔnu sue si wodo ɖe eme la dzi eye nàlé alɔa ɖe dzi ƒe seƒe: Mègakɔ abɔa ɖe dzi kɔkɔ wu ta o (si ɖea ʋukawo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòdea dzi ƒo na ya be wòage ɖe ʋukawo me) eye mègana wòatsi anyi o.
4. Te tɔ ɖe kɔdzi kpata ƒe dodokpɔ kple X-ray dzi: Ne amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii se le eɖokui me be yeƒe lãme sẽ le ɖoɖo nu hã la, amesiame si ŋu ŋutigbalẽ te crepitus tso fiase me ya ƒe hose me le la hiã radiographs kpata (be woatsɔ awɔ nɔnɔmetata na gas le fascial compartments kple akɔta), tetanus mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics (ɖe tsi me kple ami me dɔlékuiwo), kple ŋkuléle ɖe compartment syndrome alo aɖi si le amadede/ami me.

Ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe sɔfefe kple dɔgbo ƒe gbagbã si wowóna¶

Nusita yaƒoƒo ƒe hose fiafia dɔwɔhati ƒe akɔta wua ame¶

Le dɔwɔƒewo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋutinya me la, nublanuinya siwo dzɔna enuenu eye wogblẽa nu le fiasewo me wu dometɔ ɖekae nye "ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe sɔfefe": dɔwɔla aɖe tsɔa fefenyawo ƒoa ya si woƒo ɖe ya me ƒe tu si te ɖe eƒe dɔwɔhati ƒe akɔta alo akɔta esime wole bɔbɔm ɖe dɔwɔƒe ƒe zikpui dzi, alo zãa ya ƒe nugbɔ tsɔ ƒua ke le woƒe pantalon ƒe zikpui dzi.

Dɔwɔlawo tsɔe nublanuitɔe be denim-jeans alo nutsyɔnu kpekpewo xea mɔ na ya, alo be ele be woatsɔ ya ƒe nugbɔa ade dɔgboa me ŋutɔŋutɔ be wòagblẽ nu le ame ŋu. Nukpɔsusu eveawo siaa nye alakpa:

1. Ya ƒe ram ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Ya si woƒo ɖe nu me si dona le nugbɔ me le 5 va ɖo 9 bar (70 va ɖo 130 psi) wɔa gas ƒe sɔti si wɔ ɖeka, si ƒe gbeɖiɖi de ŋgɔ wu. Tso sentimeta 5 va ɖo 20 (sentimeta 2 va ɖo 8) gɔ̃ hã la, ya sɔti ma toa dɔwɔwu ƒe ka siwo wolɔ̃ me agbagbadzedze aɖeke manɔmee, eƒoa nu le akɔta ƒe akpa siwo wobla dome, eye wòzia akɔta ƒe lãkusi dzi wòʋuna le milisekɔndwo me.
2. Dzogome ƒe wowó enumake: Amegbetɔ ƒe dɔgbo ƒe gbagbã ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu le ŋutilã me nye 0.16 va ɖo 0.27 bar (2.3 va ɖo 4.0 psi, alo 120 va ɖo 200 mmHg) ko. Fiase me yaƒoƒomɔ̃ naa amegbetɔ ƒe dɔgbo ƒe gbagbã ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe teƒe 25 va ɖo 40, eye wòtsɔa ya lita 20 va ɖo 40 le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me yia dɔgboa me. Le sɛkɛnd si mede 0.5 o me la, rectosigmoid junction alo cecum la wó abe pepakotoku si me ya ƒo fũu akpa ene.
3. Tension pneumoperitoneum: Fiase me ya gbogbo aɖewo siwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ la kɔna to dɔgbo ƒe gli si vuvu la me yia ƒodo ƒe do si wotu nu ɖo la me. Ame si ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ƒe ƒodo ƒua du yia gota be wòasesẽ abe kpẽ ene le sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo ko me. Gas ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ sia si le ƒodo me (tension pneumoperitoneum) ƒoa ƒunukpeƒea sesĩe yia dzi yia akɔta, egbãa lãkusia ale be amesi ŋu wòle la mete ŋu gbɔa ya o, eye wògbãa vena cava si le ete ale be ʋu aɖeke nagatrɔ ayi dzia me o, eye le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ezia aɖuɖɔ me dɔlékuiwo dzi be woage ɖe akɔta kple ʋukawo me.

Nuwɔwɔ kpata na ya ƒe dɔgbo ƒe gbagbã kple tension pneumoperitoneum¶

1. Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 enumake eye nàgblɔ "Ya si woƒo ɖe enu ƒe abi si woxɔ le dɔgboa me/ƒodo me ƒe dzodzo si me wosusu be do le dɔgboa me kple ya si me ʋuʋudedi le." Aɖabaƒoƒo ɖesiaɖe le vevie; ku wu alafa memama 40 ne womeɖee ɖa kabakaba o eye womewɔ dɔ na wo be woaɖɔe ɖo o.
2. Tsɔ amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ɖo miame alo akɔta eye klowo nabɔbɔ vie: Mègazi wo dzi be woamlɔ anyi gbadzaa ne ƒodo si keke la xe mɔ na wo be woagagbɔ o, eye mègabɔbɔ wo ɖe tsitrenu gbeɖe o. Kpekpe ɖe wo ŋu le woƒe miame kpena ɖe ame ŋu be woaɖe ʋuka me ya ƒe ʋuʋu le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ esime kpekpeɖeŋunalawo le nu wɔm.
3. Mègana NANEKE to nu me o (tsi, vevesesenutsitike, alo antacids mègazã o): Dɔnɔa hiã be woaɖe dɔgboa ɖa kpata eye woaɖɔ dɔgboa ɖo le atike si naa alɔ̃dɔdɔ ame katã me.
4. Do alɔ yaƒoƒo eye nàdzra ɖo ɖe kpekpeɖeŋunalawo ƒe aŋe ƒe ʋuʋu ŋu: Ne ya si woƒo ɖe ƒodoa me sesĩe ale gbegbe be amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la le blɔ (cyanotic) eye mete ŋu le woƒe akɔta ƒe gli ʋuʋum be wòagbɔ ya o la, agbetsitsi ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunala deŋgɔwo alo atikewɔla siwo naa nuveviwɔame ate ŋu awɔ aŋe ƒe ʋuʋu kpata le dɔgboa ƒe doa me kpe ɖe ʋuɖoɖo kabakaba ŋu; kpɔ ɖa dzidziƒoame.

Ŋku, to, kple nu me ƒe barotrauma tso ya si woƒo ɖe enu me¶

Ŋku kple ya si wodona ɖe yame (Orbital Emphysema) .¶

Ne ya si woƒo ɖe enu ƒe nugbɔ do le mo gbɔ, alo ne atikutsetse siwo wotsɔ tu si ƒe didime nye 7-bar (100-psi) ƒo ŋkua la, ya ƒe sisi ate ŋu avuvu conjunctiva (ka tsɛ si tsyɔ ŋkua ƒe ɣie) si le tsɛ la evɔ mato ŋkua ŋutɔ me o, eye wòatsɔ ya si le ʋuʋum ŋutɔ (orbital emphysema ƒe dɔléle: .

• Afɔku si le ŋku ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie me: Ya si xaxa ɖe ŋku ƒe ʋuʋudedi megbe le ƒu ƒe ŋkume ƒe ʋuƒo sesẽa me la tua ŋku ƒe lãkusia yia ŋgɔ (proptosis) eye wòmia ŋku ƒe lãmeka kple ŋku ƒe ʋuka si le titina, si ateŋu ana ŋkuagbãtɔ tegbee le miniti 60 va ɖo 90 me.
• Beléle enumake:
• Gblɔ na amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii MELE be wòaku woƒe ŋɔti alo aɖu aɖuɖɔ kple nu si wotu o (si zia sinus ya geɖe dzi be wòage ɖe ɣletinyigba la me).
• Mègazi ŋkume siwo vuvu la dzi MELE o; te akpoxɔnu sesẽ alo pepa kplu dome ɖe ŋkumeɖonu ƒe ƒu ƒe go dzi; kpɔ ɖa ŋku ƒe abixɔxɔ.
• Tsɔe yi dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa ŋkudɔ kpata gbɔ enumake hena ŋkudɔdada ƒe nutete dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ.

To ƒe ʋuʋu kple tympanic membrane ƒe gbagbã¶

Ya ƒe hose zazã atsɔ akɔ ke le taɖa alo kɔla siwo te ɖe to ŋu me la, etsɔa gbeɖiɖi ƒe ʋuʋu (si wu decibel 120 va ɖo 135) kple ya ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si gbɔ eme ƒoa tympanic membrane (to ƒe ʋuƒo) la:

• Dzesiwo: To ƒe vevesese sesẽ, to ƒe ɖiɖi sesĩe (tinnitus), tosese si nu metsi o, ʋu alo tsi si me kɔ si le dodom tso to me, kple taɖuame si le tsatsam (barotrauma vertigo) ne wotu titinato ƒe ƒuwo ɖe to ememetɔ ƒe fesre si le abe dzogoe ene me.
• Beléle enumake: Na to la naƒu. Mègatsɔ tomeka, tsi, alo kotoklobo de tomeka me gbeɖe o. De gaze si me dɔlékui mele o si le gbadzaa ɖe to gotatɔ dzi eye nàkpe ɖe amesi ŋu taɖuame le ŋu wòamlɔ dedie.

Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne èle ka ƒom na dɔwɔƒe siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ hena ya si woƒo, ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi, alo ƒodo ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe abi la, gblɔ ka ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu le psi alo bar me na amedɔdɔa tẽ eye nàbia Advanced Life Support (ALS) kpekpeɖeŋunalawo kple oxygen si sina ŋutɔ eye woawɔ ɖeka kple Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) alo Level 1 Trauma Center. Kpɔ ɖa xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata na xexeame katã ƒe mɔɖeɖe ƒe xexlẽdzesiwo.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae OSHA ɖoa seɖoƒe na ya si woƒo ɖe ya me ƒe tu siwo wotsɔna ƒoa yae be woade 30 psi (2 bar) ne wozãe tsɔ le dzadzɛnyenye me, eye ɖe 30 psi ate ŋu agblẽ nu le ŋuwò kokoko?¶

OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1910.242(b) tsɔa ya si woƒo ƒu si wozãna tsɔ kɔa nu ŋu la xea mɔ na ya si meʋãna o si nye 2 bar (30 psi) elabena dodokpɔwo ɖee fia be fiase me ya si ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o si wu 2 bar (30 psi) si wolé ɖe ŋutilã ŋu la ate ŋu atɔ to amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutigbalẽ me tẽ eye wòazi gas si wua ame ƒe kuɖɔwo ɖe ʋukawo kple ʋukawo me. Gake 2 bar (30 psi) nye seɖoƒe si woɖo ɖi na mɔ̃a ƒe akpa aɖewo ŋu kɔklɔ ƒe seɖoƒe keŋkeŋ, menye mɔɖegbalẽ be nàku ya ɖe wò ŋutilã dzi o: ne ya 0.35 va ɖo 1 (5 va ɖo 15 psi) gɔ̃ hã la, ya si woƒo ate ŋu agbã tomeka, aƒo ga siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒu ɖe ŋkume ƒe ŋkume, alo agbã dɔgbo gã la ne woɖoe ɖe ŋutilã ƒe nugbɔwo gbɔ. Mele be woazã ya si woƒo le nyaƒoɖeamenu ɖesiaɖe me atsɔ aɖe ke le awu, ŋutigbalẽ, alo ɖa ŋu gbeɖe o.

Aleke ya si woƒo ɖe ʋua me ate ŋu age ɖe ʋukawo me ne ʋu aɖeke mele ŋutigbalẽa ŋu si woate ŋu akpɔ o?¶

Ne ya si woƒo ɖe enu ƒe nugbɔ si ƒe sesẽme nye bar 6 va ɖo 8 (90 va ɖo 120 psi) tsɔ brɔs ƒo asi, asibidɛ, alo kɔ la, gas si ƒe gbeɖiɖi de ŋgɔ wu ƒe sisi ate ŋu age ɖe ŋutigbalẽa me to nusuekpɔmɔ̃ ƒe gbagbãƒe aɖe, abe lãgbalẽ sue aɖe si wotsɔ ƒo ƒu, ŋutigbalẽ ƒe gbagbãƒe ƒuƒu, alo ga ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe ʋuʋu ene, alo aƒo do si me kɔ nyuie to lãkusi si me gblẽ o me. Esi wònye be ya si nu sẽ ŋutɔ la naa ŋutigbalẽ te lãkusia dea ya dzi enumake eye wòmia do sue si me wogena ɖo tso eme ta la, ʋu aɖeke kloe medoa go yia gota o. Le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, ya si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ ƒe kotoku si le kekem ɖe enu le abɔ kple afɔa me la vuvu ʋuka siwo le ŋutigbalẽ te siwo ƒe gli tsɛwo eye wòzia ya ƒe kuɖɔwo dzi tẽ be woage ɖe ʋukaawo me yi dzia gbɔ.

Nukatae wòle be woatsɔ amesi ŋu wosusu be ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi le eŋu la aɖo woƒe miame (Durant ƒe nɔnɔme) tsɔ wu be wòanɔ anyi?¶

Ne ya ƒe kuɖɔwo ge ɖe ʋuka aɖe me tso abi alo kɔ ƒe abi me la, wozɔa mɔ yia dzia ƒe ɖusime ʋuka kple ɖusime ʋuka me, afisi woate ŋu awɔ foam kuɖɔ si woate ŋu aƒo si xea mɔ na ʋu be wòagage ɖe aklã ƒe ʋuka me be wòaɖo lãkusi me o (ya si xea mɔ na ɖusime). Esi wònye be aklã ƒe ʋuka si dona le eme la nɔa ɖusime ʋuka ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa si le etame ta la, ne woƒo amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la ɖe woƒe miame eye woƒe akɔta le gbadzaa la, enana ya kotoku si le tsia dzi la ƒua du yia dzi va ɖoa dzitodzitoa ƒe ɖusimegli kple ta, si didi tso dodoƒea gbɔ, si wɔnɛ be ʋu si me tsi le la sina toa kuɖɔa te yia lãkusia me. Dɔnɔa bɔbɔ nɔ anyi ɖe tsitrenu nana ya ƒe kuɖɔwo ƒua du yia dzi yia ahɔhɔ̃a ƒe ʋukawo me alo xea mɔ na aklãa ƒe dodo keŋkeŋ.

Nukae nana "Rice Krispies" ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe seselelãme si le ŋutigbalẽ te le ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe afɔku megbe, eye ɖe wònye afɔkua?¶

Woyɔa seselelãme si le ŋutigbalẽa te ne woka asi eŋu la be subcutaneous crepitus (alo subcutaneous emphysema), si ya si woƒo ɖe kotoku akpe geɖe siwo wozi ɖe ami kple lãkusi siwo le lãkusia te me gbɔ. Togbɔ be ya sue aɖe si le ŋutigbalẽ te ate ŋu axɔ ŋutilãa mlɔeba hã la, ŋutigbalẽ te ya si dona tso fiase me ya ƒe hose me nye atikewɔwɔ kpata le susu etɔ̃ ta: gbã la, eɖo kpe edzi be gas si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ la gbã ŋutigbalẽ ƒe mɔxenu eye wòhea ʋukawo ƒe ya ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe afɔku vɛ; evelia, ya si xaxa ɖe asi alo abɔta ƒe teƒe siwo xaxa ate ŋu atso ʋu ƒe sisi eye wòana ʋu ƒe sisi nadze ame dzi; eye etɔ̃lia, fiase me ya doa ami si le compressor me ƒe kuɖiɖi, gbeɖuɖɔ, kple dɔlékuiwo ɖe lãkusiwo ƒe gogloƒe, si hiã be woada kɔdzi kpɔ kpata ahazã dɔlékuiwutikewo.

Aleke ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe hose fiafia ame aɖe ƒe pantalon ate ŋu ana dɔgboa nagbã evɔ womaka asi eƒe ŋutigbalẽ ŋu o?¶

Fiase me yameʋu si wozãna ɖaa si ƒe ŋusẽ nye bar 6 va ɖo 8.6 (90 va ɖo 125 psi) ɖea gas ƒe sɔti si zɔna kabakaba ŋutɔ si toa denim jeans alo coveralls ƒe lãgbalẽ me tẽ. Ne wofia asi nugbɔa ɖe dɔwɔhati aɖe ƒe akɔta alo eƒe akɔta tso afisi didi sentimeta 10 va ɖo 15 (inch 4 va ɖo 6) gɔ̃ hã la, ya ƒe sɔti la gena ɖe akɔta ƒe mɔa me, ɖua akɔta ƒe lãkusia dzi enumake, eye wòtsɔa eƒe gbagbã ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu si nye 0.2 bar (3 va ɖo 4 psi) ƒe teƒe 25 va ɖo 40 yaa dɔgboa me, eye wòwóna dɔgboa ƒe gli le sɛkɛnd afã kple ya si nu sẽ kple dɔlékuiwo yɔ ƒodoa me.

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Mɔfiame sia naa kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔ le dɔwɔƒe kple dodokpɔ kpata ƒe ɖoɖowo na ya kple ya si woƒo ƒu ƒe abi eye mexɔ ɖe atikewɔla bibiwo ƒe beléle teƒe o. Bu eŋu kpɔ be yeawɔ kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔ le dɔwɔƒe, CPR, kple oxygen nana ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ si ŋu woɖo kpee to Atitsoga Dzĩ Habɔbɔ, St John Ambulance, alo miaƒe dukɔa ƒe dɔwɔƒe ƒe dedienɔnɔ dɔwɔƒe dzi.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Pressure washer injection kple elektrikdɔwɔnu kickback abiwo
• Nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe nugoe, yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe tsigoe ƒe gbagbã, kple taya si ƒe ʋuƒoa me ma ƒe wowó
• Nail gun kple pneumatic fastener ƒe gege ɖe lãme kple ricochet ƒe abixɔxɔ
• Ŋku ƒe abixɔxɔ
• Crush injury kple compartment syndrome ƒe dɔléle

Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (OSHA, United States): 29 CFR 1910.242(b) Ya si Womiã Si Wozãna hena Dzadzɛnyenye
• Lãmesẽ kple Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Dɔdzikpɔla (HSE, United Kingdom): Ya si Womiã ƒe Dedienɔnɔ (PUWER Mɔfiame)
• Canada ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Lãmesẽ Kple Dedienɔnɔ Gbɔ (CCOHS, Canada): Ya si Womiã hena Dzadzɛnyenye Kple Ya Dɔwɔnuwo Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nyatakakagbalẽviwo
• Ƒugɔme kple Hyperbaric Atikewɔwɔ Habɔbɔ (UHMS, Dukɔwo Dome) & Divers Alert Network (DAN): Dɔdaƒe ƒe Dɔwɔnawo na Ʋukawo kple Ʋukawo me Gas Embolism
• Amerikatɔwo ƒe Asi ƒe Amekoko Habɔbɔ (ASSH, United States): Abi Siwo Wodona Le Asi ƒe Nyaƒoɖeamenu Gã me