Ðeviwo ƒe Tsi Mimi ƒe Kukuwo (Orbeez) alo Fefenu siwo Wotsɔa Polymer Siwo Kekena: Dɔgbo ƒe Mɔxexe Ðe Ðoɖo Nu¶

Polymer si xɔa tsi wu (SAP) tsi ƒe dzonu (siwo wodzrana abe seselelãme ƒe fefenu, Orbeez, gel blaster tu, seƒoƒo ƒe vase fillers, agbledenyigba ƒe tsidzadza kristalo, kple tsilele ƒe dinosaur/monster grow-fefe siwo le kekem ɖe enu) dzena na vidzĩ alo ɖevi si le zɔzɔm abe akpɔnɔ vivi siwo ƒe amadede le keklẽm, atikutsetse, alo boba dzonu ene pɛpɛpɛ. To vovo na gaku alo plastik Lego-brik si womi, si dzea egɔme tso eƒe lolome gãtɔ dzi eye zi geɖe la, etoa eme afɔku aɖeke manɔmee ne ekɔ nuɖuɖutome la, wotrɔ asi le tsiku sue aɖe si me tsi mele o si ƒe didime nye milimeta 1.5 va ɖo 0.12 (inch 0.06 va ɖo 0.12) ko ŋu be wòaxɔ tsi eye wòakeke ɖe enu wòade eƒe kpekpeme ƒuƒu kple 30 ƒe teƒe 100 va ɖo 400 va ɖo milimeta 60 (inch 1.2 va ɖo 2.4) ƒe didime, eye wòlolo abe golf-bɔl alo tenisbɔl ene. Nusi gavloe wue nye be esi wònye be tsi ƒe dzonu siwo me tsi le nye tsi 98 va ɖo 99 le alafa me ta la, woƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe kpekpeme sɔ pɛpɛpɛ abe alesi dɔgboa me tsi kple lãkusi falɛfalɛ siwo ƒo xlãe ene, si wɔe be wo womate ŋu akpɔ wo kura o (radiolucent) le ƒodo ƒe X-ray siwo wozãna ɖaa dzi. Ne viwòa le ʋuʋum, le nu ƒom, alo le agbagba dzem be yeagbɔ ɖe dzonu si le kekem ɖe enu dzi la, ƒo ka na mia tɔ xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom) enumake eye wowɔa dɔ ɖeviwo kple vidzĩwo ƒe CPR kple woƒe ʋuʋu ɖe le fu me; le beads mimi gome la, wɔ ɖe triage protocol sia dzi kpe ɖe míaƒe mɔfialawo ŋu le button batri kple neodymium magnet si ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ ɖuɖu, . ɖevi ɖu nu dzro aɖe, kple bilious green ʋuʋudedi kple intussusception.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. **Ne ɖevia le kɔdzim gbɔdzɔ la, ele ɣli dom sesĩe (stridor).larynx) alo yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ( .trachea) eye wòayi edzi anɔ vuvum ɖe yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe gli siwo xɔ dzo la ŋu. Da wò telefon ɖe nuƒomɔ̃ dzi be nàƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 eye nàwɔ akɔta ƒoƒo 5 kple akɔta ƒoƒo 5 (na vidzĩ si mexɔ ƒe 1 haɖe o) alo ƒodo tutu / Heimlich maneuver (na ɖevi si xɔ wu ƒe 1) vaseɖe esime woaɖe bead la ɖa. Mègatsɔ asibidɛ ʋuʋu ŋkuagbãtɔe le ŋɔti me gbeɖe o, si ƒoa gel-kplu si le glidzaglidza la ɖe gbeɖiɖikawo me goglo wu.
2. DZUDZƆ: Na ɖevia nanɔ NPO dzi pɛpɛpɛ (mègana tsi, notsi, detsiƒonu, alo nuɖuɖu be "wòaklɔe ɖe anyi," eye MÈGADE ʋuʋudedi vɛ GBEÐE o). Elabena polyacrylamide kple sodium polyacrylate polymer beads ƒuƒu alo esiwo me tsi le ƒe akpa aɖe xɔa tsi si ƒo xlãe be woakeke, si naa tsi alo notsi kplu gã aɖe ɖevi le bead ƒuƒu mimi vɔ megbe la naa tsi si tututu wòhiã be wòana bead nakeke kabakaba le dɔgboa kple dɔgboa me. Mègana ipecac ƒe tsinyegoe, dzetsi, alo atsɔ asibidɛwo ade ŋɔti me gbeɖe be wòana ame naɖe aɖuɖɔ, si ate ŋu ana bead si keke ta nage ɖe yaƒoƒomɔ̃a me o.
3. Di bead ƒuƒu si sɔ kple esi me tsi le tso agbaa me (tsɔ kpe ɖe adzɔnu si wotsɔ blaa nu ŋu) eye nàdzidzee ɖe dziɖula alo gaku aɖe xa. Menye tsi ƒe dzonuawo katãe kekena ɖe enu va ɖoa lolome mamlɛtɔ ɖeka o: zi geɖe la, micro-floral/sensory beads suesuesuewo dzudzɔa kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ le milimeta 8 va ɖo 12 (inch 0.3 va ɖo 0.5), gake "Jumbo / Giant / Grow-Monster" tsikuwo kekena tso nuku si didi milimeta 4 me va zua milimeta 40 va ɖo 60 (inch 1.5 va ɖo 2.4) si le abe rababa ene si mate ŋu adzɔ le ŋutilã me na ɖevi ƒe dɔgbo sue o (15 to 20 millimeters wide) be woato eme. Tsɔ dzonu siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu aɖe va kɔdzi alo nàlé ɖeka ɖe sentimetadzidzenu aɖe xa ne èle ka ƒom na Aɖidzikpɔkpɔ (1-800-222-1222 le U.S.A.).
4. Kpɔe ɖa be wotu tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi aɖe ɖe TO ƑE ƲUƲU alo NOSTRIL (Never put liquid drops or water into an ear holding a water bead). Ðevi siwo le zɔzɔm siwo mia tsi ƒe dzonu enuenu hã tsɔa dzonu ƒuƒu aɖe dea to alo ŋɔti me. Ne bead aɖe le to alo ŋɔti me la, mègatsɔ tsi alo dzetsi klɔe gbeɖe o eye mègatsɔ dɔlékuiwutike/wax to me tsiwo asisi ɖe eŋu gbeɖe o: tsi nana bead la vuvu sesĩe le to ƒe gotagome to si me ƒu le la me, si gbãa tomeƒu (tympanic membrane), si gblẽa titinato ƒe ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe ƒuwo me, eye wònana tokunɔna tegbee eye mo ƒe lãmekawo ƒuna.
5. Yi Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ enumake ne ɖevia mexɔ ƒe 2 va ɖo ƒe 3 haɖe o, mi "Jumbo" bead alo expanding foam/polymer grow-toy, mi beads geɖe, alo dzesi AÐEKAE le eŋu (vomiting, drooling, belly pain, refusal to drink, or lethargy). Ne viwò si le zɔzɔm le zɔzɔm la dze abe ɖe wòle dzidzɔ kpɔm keŋkeŋ ene le gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 12 gbãtɔawo me hã la, tsiku aɖe dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna vie le dɔgboa me aɖi sesẽ (pH 1.5 to 2.0), ƒua du to dɔgboa ƒe dodoƒe bɔbɔe (pylorus), eye emegbe ekekena ɖe enu wòwóna va ɖoa eƒe lolome si sɔ gbɔ wu ne enya ge ɖe tsi si me alkali le me ko (pH 7.0 to 8.0) ƒe dɔgbo sue ( .jejunum kple ileum), si na be mɔ̃ ƒe dɔgbo ƒe xexe keŋkeŋ tsi megbe gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo 72 megbe.
6. Gblɔ na atikewɔla si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ tẽ be: "Vinye mi radiolucent superabsorbent water bead si MAdze le X-ray gbadzaa dzi o; taflatse bu ƒodo ƒe ULTRASOUND ŋu." Elabena edziedzi flat abdominal X-rays to 80 va ɖo 90+ le alafa me le un-calcified water beads me hafi late bowel distension, ʋlia nya blewuu be point-of-care alo ɖeviwo ƒe ƒodo ƒe ultrasound si wowɔna le se nu xea mɔ na tsi si dona kaba.

Nyametsotsoti: Ðevi mi tsi ƒe ʋeʋẽ si xɔa tsi ŋutɔ alo de eme¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ðevi si wotsɔ Superabsorbent Polymer Tsi Kukuwo (Orbeez / Gel Blaster / Grow-Toy) do goe"] --> B{"1. Afikae tsi ƒe dzonu la yi?"}
    B -->|"Wotsɔe de EAR CANAL alo NOSTRIL me"| C["ENT KPAÐEŊU: MÈGADE tsi, dzetsi, alo tometsi to to alo ŋɔti me GBEÐE o (tsi naa bead la vuvu eye wògbãa tomeka). MÈGAtsɔ aŋetu (egbãa bead si le glidzaglidza) aƒoe o. Yi Emergency Department / ENT hena microscopic hook/suction extraction ƒuƒu"]
    B -->|"Womie (alo wosusu be womie) to nu me"| D{"2. Kpɔ Yameʋuɖoɖo & Gbɔgbɔ Fifia"}
    D -->|"Kɔdzidede gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ, stridor, ʋuʋudedi, avifafa/nuƒoƒo ƒe ŋutetemanɔamesi, alo blɔtɔ"| E["YƆ 911 / 112 / 999 ENUMAME: Wɔ Akɔtaƒoƒo 5 + Akɔta ƒoƒo 5 (Vidzĩ < 1 yr) ALOO Ƒodo ƒe Ʋuʋu (Ðevi > 1 yr). Gbugbɔ wɔ CPR alo dze egɔme ne mèle dɔ wɔm o"]
    D -->|"Gbɔgbɔ kple nuƒoƒo/avifafa le mɔ si sɔ nu"| F{"3. Ðe Aflaga Dzĩ aɖewo le ɖevia ŋua? (Aɖuɖɔtoe, tsi si le amadede dzẽ me, ƒodo ƒe vevesese/vuvu, gbegbe be yeano aha, kuviawɔwɔ, aɖuɖɔ aɖeke manɔmee)"}
    F -->|"Ẽ: GI ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe si anɔ anyi (ŋkeke 1 va ɖo 5 le eɖuɖu vɔ megbe gɔ̃ hã) ."| G["ACUTE BOWEL OBSTRUCTION EMERGENCY: Na ɖevia nanɔ NPO dzi vevie -> Yi Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔléle Kpata Dɔwɔƒe enumake -> Bia Abdominal ULTRASOUND (menye X-ray dzro ko o) & Pediatric Surgery / GI consult"]
    F -->|"Ao: Ðevi mekpɔa dzesi aɖeke fifia 100% o"| H{"4. Da Mɔxexeɖenu ƒe Dzesi Siwo Me Afɔku Gã Le La Kpɔ"}
    H -->|"Ðevi xɔ ƒe < 2 va ɖo 3 ALOO Emi ‘JUMBO / GROW-TOY’ (> 15 to 20 mm max size) ALOO Emi asi gã aɖe ALOO Eƒe dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ / strictures do ŋgɔ ƒe ŋutinya le esi"| I["Afɔku GÃME ƑE NUÐUÐU: Na ɖevi NPO -> Yɔ Aɖidzikpɔƒe (1-800-222-1222) eye nàyi Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔléle Kpata Dɔwɔƒe na Ultrasound / Endoscopic retrieval fesre (le gaƒoƒo 2 va ɖo 6 me esime wògakpɔtɔ le dɔgbo me)"]
    H -->|"Ðevi tsitsi (> 3 yrs) mi 1 va ɖo 2 standard beads (< 10 va ɖo 12 mm bliboe keke) eye dzesi aɖeke menɔ eŋu o"| J["Yɔ Aɖidzikpɔla / Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔdala enumake -> Lé ŋku ɖe eŋu nyuie gaƒoƒo 72 va ɖo 96 be ʋuʋudedi alo ƒodo ƒe vevesese AÐEKAKE le ŋuwò hã -> Dzro aɖuɖɔ me ɖa be gel kakɛwo le eme hã -> Yi ED hena Ultrasound enumake ne ʋuʋudedi dze egɔme"]

Polymer ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le dɔgboa me: Nusita tsi ƒe dzonuwo tsina le dɔgboa me eye wowóna le dɔgbo suea me¶

Dzilawo kple atikewɔlawo katã gɔ̃ hã biana zi geɖe be: "Ne tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi lolo akpa be wòate ŋu ato dɔgbo suea me la, aleke wòwɔ te ŋu do le dɔgboa me to pyloric sphincter gbadzaa me le gɔmedzedzea me?"

Kekeɖenudɔ si Nɔ Te Ðe pH Dzi (Stomach pH 1.5 vs. Small Intestine pH 7.5) .¶

Tsi ƒe dzonu siwo xɔa tsi wu nye hydrogel siwo wotsɔ polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, alo polymethacrylate copolymers wɔe siwo wotsɔ carboxylate si me dzoxɔxɔ manyomanyo le (-COO-) ƒe ƒuƒoƒowo. Woƒe kekeɖenudɔa kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe osmotic pressure kple pH-dependent electrostatic repulsion dzi:

1. Afɔɖeɖe 1: Le Nu kple Nuɖuɖutome (Minutes 0 to 5): Kuku ƒuƒu keke milimeta 2 pɛ ko (alo dzonu si wotsɔ tsi ƒo do ŋgɔ keke milimeta 10 va ɖo 15) eye wòglina ŋutɔ, eye wògena ɖe nuɖuɖutome bɔbɔe.
2. Afɔɖeɖe 2: Aɖi ƒe Dɔgbo la Me (Hours 0 to 6, pH 1.5 to 2.5): Ne bead la ɖi ɖe ɖevia ƒe dɔgbo me la, hydrogen ions ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ gbɔ (H+) si le hydrochloric dɔgbo me acid me la naa proton na polymer la ƒe carboxylate ƒuƒoƒo siwo me dzoxɔxɔ manyomanyo le (turning -COO- into neutral -COOH). Esia ɖea elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu le ememe si le polymer mesh la me ɖa. Esia wɔe be ne ebɔbɔ nɔ dɔgboa me aɖi me la, tsi ƒuƒu ƒe ʋuʋudedi kekena blewu ŋutɔ, eye le nyateƒe me la, tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi si vuvu xoxo la TSƆA 30 va ɖo 50 le alafa me le eƒe didime nu, si wɔnɛ be wòte ŋu toa ɖevia ƒe pyloric sphincter (dɔgbo ƒe dodo ƒe ʋuƒo) me yia duodenum la me agbagbadzedze aɖeke manɔmee.
3. Afɔɖeɖe 3: Le Dɔgbo Sue si me Alkaline Le Me (Hours 6 to 72, pH 7.0 to 8.2): Zi alesi dzonua do le dɔgboa me yi ɖe dɔgboa kple ʋuka me la, ɖevia ƒe dɔgboa ɖea sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), si naa dɔgboa ƒe pH dzina ɖe edzi va ɖoa 7.0 va ɖo 8.2. Le tsi sia si me alkaline le, si me osmolarity mesɔ gbɔ ɖo o me la, carboxylate ƒe ƒuƒoƒoawo ɖea proton ɖa le wo me trɔna yia -COO-, nya wo nɔewo sesĩe, eye woahe dɔgbo me tsi ayi eme to osmosis dzi. Tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi la kekena ɖe enu fifia va ɖoa eƒe didime si nye milimeta 25 va ɖo 55 ƒe alafa memama 100 ne ele mɔ zɔm to dɔgbo suea me.
4. Afɔɖeɖe 4: Corking the Narrow Distal Ileum and Ileocecal Valve: Le ɖevi si le zɔzɔm alo ɖevi sue gome la, distal ileum (dɔgbo suea ƒe akpa mamlɛtɔ si do ŋgɔ teti na ileocecal valve si kplɔa ame yia dɔgbo gã la me) ƒe lumen (ememe didime) dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna va ɖoa milimeta 12 va ɖo 18 pɛ ko (0.5 va ɖo 0.7 inch). Esi wole goma si le kekem ɖe enu si ƒe didime nye milimeta 30 va ɖo 50 la tum to peristalsis dzi yi ɖe funnel sia si le tsɛ la me la, eƒona sesĩe abe rababa ƒe tsinyegoe ƒe nutrenu ene, si wɔnɛ be dɔgbo sue si wotsɔa mɔ̃ xea mɔ na bliboe, dɔgbo ƒe gli ƒe ʋu ƒe sisi, nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe kuku, do, kple dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle si wua ame.

Tabla si wotsɔ sɔ kple wo nɔewo: Tsikuwo tsɔtsɔ sɔ kple ɖeviwo ƒe dutalã bubuwo ɖuɖu¶

Nusitae X-ray siwo wozãna ɖaa la toa tsi ƒe dzonuwo ŋu, kple nusi ultrasound ɖena fiana¶

Ne èkplɔ viwò si le azɔli zɔm yi dɔnɔdzikpɔƒe si wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ kpata alo xɔ si me wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ kpata le le tsi-kplu nono vɔ megbe eye ɖɔktaa ɖe gbe be woawɔ X-ray gbadza ɖeka ko na wò ƒodo (KUB), nusi wòle be wò kple atikewɔlawo ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa mianyae nye esi:

1. Nusitae Woɖea Radioɖemɔ̃ Gãwo (X-Rays) Aʋatso-Manyo ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme Kɔkɔ Nanɔ esi¶

• Hounsfield ƒe kpekpeme sɔ kple tsi: Le X-ray gbadzaa dzi (eye le CT scan si me vovototo mele o gɔ̃ hã me ne wometrɔ asi le fesre ŋu o), polyacrylamide sphere si me tsi le ƒe attenuation density nye 0 va ɖo 15 Hounsfield Units (HU), si sɔ kple tsi chyme si sɔ kple tsi si le dɔgbo suea me kloe.
• Dzesi siwo metso tẽ o siwo tsi megbe ɖeɖeko: X-ray gbadzaa dzena abe ɖe mesɔ o ne bead la xe dɔgbo suea keŋkeŋ xoxo gaƒoƒo geɖe megbe, le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, X-ray la ɖea dɔgbo sue ƒe ka siwo keke eye ya-tsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si woƒo ƒu ɖe wo nɔewo dzi fiana (eye meɖea nusi gbɔ wòtso be wòxe mɔa o la fiana o).

2. Nusita Ƒodo me Ultrasound Nye Sika Dzidzenu (Sensitivity > 90%) .¶

Le ɖeviwo ƒe keklẽŋusẽŋutinunyala alo atikewɔla si xɔ hehe le ultrasound si wokpɔna le teƒe si wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ le la si me (POCUS), high-frequency linear abdominal ultrasound kpɔa tsi si womi la le susu me nyuie le dɔgboa alo dɔgbo suea me le aɖabaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo ko me: - Classic Ultrasound Signature: Esi wònye be bead la nye tsi ƒe gogloƒe si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ eye polymer ŋutigbalẽ si le gbadzaa ƒo xlãe ta la, ultrasound gbeɖiɖi ƒutsotsoewo zɔa mɔ dzadzɛ to bead la titina eye ememe gbeɖiɖi aɖeke mele eŋu o (a goglo bliboe, si le axadzi ɖaɖɛ anechoic [jet-black] sphere), si ƒe liƒo nye echogenic outer rim ɣi si le keklẽm kple posterior acoustic enhancement le bead la megbe. - Milimeta ƒe didime tututu dzidzedze le ɣeyiɣi ŋutɔŋutɔ me: Ultrasound na ɖɔkta te ŋu dzidzea bead la ƒe didime tututu le milimeta me (le kpɔɖeŋu me, 28.4 mm) eye nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu nenye be peristalsis ate ŋu atutui ayi ŋgɔ alo nenye be dɔgbo ƒe lãkusi siwo le dziƒo la le kekem ɖe enu (to-and-fro peristalsis). - Ne Wowɔ Upper Endoscopy vs. Laparotomy / Enterotomy: - **Ne Jumbo Bead alo Grow-Toy gakpɔtɔ le Dɔgboa me (First 2 to 6 Hours). - Ne Bead la Xo Dɔgbo Sue la: Ne ɖevia va xɔ bilious (bright green alo dark yellow-green) vomiting la, ƒodo ƒe keke vivivi, cramps, alo ultrasound ɖea bead si ŋu ŋusẽ le fiana > 20 to 25 mm le ileum si me dɔgbo keke le me la, ɖeviwo ƒe amekolawo wɔa laparoscopic-assisted enterotomy si me womewɔa nu boo aɖeke le o (alo noa notsi/mia gel bead la blewuu le ileocecal valve la dzi alo ƒoae le amekoko me) hafi dɔgbo ƒe gli si keke la nado.

Nuxlɔ̃ame si ku ɖe atikewo ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aɖi ŋu: Acrylamide monomer kple Sodium polyacrylate¶

Dzilawo tsia dzi hã nenye be aɖi le tsikuwo me ne woɖu wo hemi wo:

1. Cross-linked Polymer vs. Residual Acrylamide Monomer: Togbɔ be cross-linked polyacrylamide alo sodium polyacrylate polymer si wowɔ vɔ la ŋutɔ mexɔa ʋu me o hã la, aɖiŋutinunya dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ le wo ɖokui si kple nudzɔdzɔ ŋuti nyatakaka siwo wota ɖe ɖeviwo ƒe magazinewo me xlɔ̃ nu be tsi ƒe dzonu siwo wotsɔ tso duta vɛ siwo ƒe asi bɔbɔ, siwo ŋu womewɔ ɖoɖo ɖo o kple gel-blaster pellets ate ŋu anye esiwo susɔ siwo womewɔ polymer o acrylamide monomer (aɖi si wonya le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo me) ne adzɔnuwo wɔwɔ ƒe nyonyome dzi kpɔkpɔ menyo o. Le nɔnɔme siwo mebɔ o siwo me vidzĩ si le zɔzɔm le zɔzɔm ɖu asi gã aɖe (dozens or hundreds) ƒe dzonu siwo mexɔ asi o siwo nɔa dɔgboa me ŋkeke geɖe, reversible acute acrylamide neurotoxicity (encephalopathy, severe lethargy, ataxia, and muscle weaknessWoka nya ta be ) kple hyponatremia/dehydration (tso beads siwo noa tsi doa goe le ɖevia ƒe dɔgbo me) me.
2. Mègazã dzodoƒe ƒe aɖuɖɔtoe, vinegar, alo dzetsi le aƒeme gbeɖe atsɔ "aɖe" ku si womi dzi akpɔtɔ o: Togbɔ be dzetsi ɖea tsiku si le glass kplu me le dzodoƒe ƒe kplɔ̃ dzi dzi kpɔtɔna to osmotic pressure tɔtrɔ me hã la, mègana dzetsi ɖevi gbeɖe be wòano, elabena dzetsi si me wodea tsii nono hea ku hypernatremic brain shrinkage and seizures vɛ na ɖeviwo. (Le kɔdzi ƒe ɖoɖo tɔxɛ siwo wowɔna le kɔdzi le elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe wo ŋu vevie me la, ɖeviwo ƒe dɔgboŋutinunyalawo zãa osmotic polyethylene glycol ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si wodzidze ɣeaɖewoɣi [PEG 3350] alo Gastrografin [ .diatrizoate meglumine] hyperosmolar contrast, si ɖea radiolucent bead la fia le X-ray dzi eye wòhea tsi aɖewo doa goe le bead si le lumen me to osmotically, gake ele be ko nawɔ esia le kɔdzi me ne wogbe do si gbɔna la vɔ).

Aƒeme kple Sukuxɔ me Tsi-Bead Audit & 5-Ŋkeke Dzesiwo Kpɔkpɔ ƒe Dzesidegbalẽvi¶

Elabena polymer-ku ƒuƒu siwo xɔa tsi geɖe wu la le sue ŋutɔ (1.5 to 2.5 millimeters), wodzona abe rababa ƒe kpewo ene ne woda wo, eye woʋuʋuna kpoo le nuɖanuwo, sofa ƒe akɔtaɖonuwo, kple dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃wo te, sidzenuwo ƒe nugoe alo gel-blaster pack ɖeka si kɔ ɖe anyi si wona nɔviŋutsu tsitsi aɖe si xɔ ƒe 9 edziedzi hea vidzĩ si xɔ ɣleti 10 si le tsatsam le kwasiɖa aɖewo megbe la ɖunɛ si dea agbe afɔku me vɛ. Zã ɖaseɖigbalẽ sia le aƒeme tsidzadza ɖesiaɖe alo esi wosusu be exɔe vɔ megbe teti:

1. Ŋkeke 5 ƒe Ŋudzɔnɔnɔ le Dɔlékuiwutikewo Me Le Dɔlékuiwutikewo Me Megbe (Hours 0 to 120) .¶

Ne Poison Control kple wò ɖeviwo ƒe dɔdala kpɔe be ɖevi tsitsi aɖe (> 3 years old) si mi micro-bead sue ɖeka (< 10 mm maximum expanded diameter) ate ŋu alé ŋku ɖe eŋu le dodokpɔ gbãtɔ megbe, lé ŋku ɖe amekoko ƒe nuxlɔ̃amedzesi tɔxɛ siawo ŋu le ŋkeke 5 va ɖo 7 siwo gbɔna me: - [ ] Kpɔ Aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ alo Ʋuʋudedi ƒe Nudzɔdzɔ Ðesiaɖe Me: Gag ɖeka le nu mimi vɔ megbe teti bɔ, gake ʋuʋudedi enuenu dzea egɔme tso gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 72 megbe (alo aɖuɖɔtoe si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi si le amadede dzẽ me alo ɣie-amadede dzẽ viviti ƒe tsidzadza ɖeka gɔ̃ hã) fia be mɔ̃ si xea mɔ na dɔgbo sue si hiã be woatsɔe ayi xɔ si me wowɔa dɔ kpata le enumake. - [ ] Kpɔ Ƒodo ƒe Vevesese si nɔa anyi ɣeaɖewoɣi ("Cramps Every 15 Minutes"): Ne dɔgbo ƒe peristalsis le mimim ɖe hydrogel sphere si ŋu ŋusẽ le le jejunum alo ileum me la, kasia ɖevia adzudzɔ fefe, ado ɣli, alé woƒe dɔgbo alo ahe woƒe klowo ayi woƒe akɔta hena miniti 2 va ɖo 3, eye emegbe wòadze abe ɖe wòazi ɖoɖoe aɖabaƒoƒo 15 ene ƒutsotsoe si kplɔe ɖo si le peristaltic la ƒo. - [ ] Kpɔ Ƒodo ƒe Nɔnɔme, Nuɖuɖudzroame, Kple Aɖuɖɔ ƒe Dodokpɔ: Lé ŋku ɖe viwòa ƒe ƒodo ƒuƒlu ŋu blewuu ŋdi kple fiẽ sia; ne ƒodoa dze abe ɖe wòle goglo yeyee, wòle sesẽm, alo wòvivina ne woka asi eŋu tufafatɔe ene, alo ne ɖevia dzudzɔ gas kple aɖuɖɔ tsɔtsɔ to eme alo gbe aha si wòlɔ̃na wu la, yi ɖeviwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ tẽ. - [ ] Dzro Dɔgbo ƒe Ʋuʋuwo Katã me le Nugoe alo Liner si Wotsɔ ƒua gbe me: Esi tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi ate ŋu agbã akpa aɖe ne ele dɔgboa me tom ta la, di kakɛ siwo le keklẽm, siwo le amadede vovovowo me siwo le abe jelly ene le aɖuɖɔa me hena ŋkeke 5.

2. Aƒeme Tsi Siwo Kɔkɔ ƒe Kukuwo Didi Kple Wo Ðeɖe Ðe Edzi ƒe Ðoɖowɔɖi¶

• Klɔe eye nàtsɔ akaɖi si wotsɔ mlɔ anyigba gbadzaa (Oblique Lighting): Tsi ƒe dzonu suesuesue siwo me kɔ alo esiwo me tsi mele o siwo ƒe amadede nye pastel la medzena le modzakaɖebɔ alo tile dzi kloe tso tsitrenu. Da LED-kaɖi si le keklẽm ɖe anyigba gbadzaa ale be keklẽa naʋuʋu le anyigba ƒe ʋuƒoawo dzi le tsia dzi; dzonu suesuesue siwo didi milimeta 2 la doa vɔvɔli didi siwo wɔnɛ be wònɔa bɔbɔe be woakpɔ wo ahatsɔ dɔwɔnu si me woɖea do le atsɔ ya akɔ wo me.
• Kpɔ Gel Blaster Fefewɔnu Hoppers, Seƒoƒo Vase, Kple Numiemie ƒe Anyigba: Ƒewuiviwo ƒe mɔ̃ "Gel Blaster" fefenu tu léa polyacrylate-ku siwo me tsi mele o 500 va ɖo 10,000 ɖe aŋetu ɖeka me ("Gellets"), eye zi geɖe la, bambu/seƒoƒo siwo wotso ƒe vase siwo wotsɔ ɖo atsyɔ̃ na la nɔa kɔfi kplɔ̃ siwo dzi wotsɔ tsi jumbo-kuwo yɔ fũu la dzi. Tsɔ wo ƒuƒlu eye nàtsɔ wo aƒu gbe ɖe aŋekotoku sesẽ siwo wotu nu ɖo siwo woda ɖe gbeɖuɖɔgoe si wotu le gota si wotu me.
• Trɔ ɖe 100 Percent Taste-Safe Sensory Play Alternatives for Toddlers: Tsɔ tsi siwo wotsɔ polymer wɔe siwo le ɖevi siwo le zɔzɔm kple esiwo do ŋgɔ na sukudede ƒe seselelãme ƒe nugoewo me ɖɔ li esiwo woate ŋu aɖu, siwo woate ŋu aɖu, siwo melɔ̃na dedie ne womi: tapioca boba dzonu siwo woɖa, gelatin (Jell-O) kubiwo, dziŋgɔli ƒe pasta si woɖa, peas siwo wofa tsikpe me, alo chia-ku ƒe pudding.

Tomemɔ Kple ŋɔti ƒe Mɔ̃: Nusita tsi ƒe dzonu siwo le to me naa tokunɔna tegbee¶

Le tome kple tomeŋutinunya ƒe nya nu la (ENT) registries, tsi-ku ƒe abi evelia si gblẽa nu le ame ŋu wu dzɔna ne ɖevi tu tsi-ku sue ƒuƒu si didi milimeta 2 ɖe woƒe gota tomemɔ̃ (to) alo ŋɔti me:

• Nusi dzɔna le tomeka me: Amegbetɔ ƒe tomemɔ̃ nye ƒu ƒe mɔ sesẽ aɖe si mekekena o si ŋu ŋutigbalẽ si le tsɛ abe pepa ene (periosteum), si wu enu ɖe ​​tympanic membrane (to ƒe lãkusi) si le tsɛ la gbɔ. Ne wometsɔ tsi kpe ɖe eŋu o gɔ̃ hã la, dzɔdzɔmetsi kple fifia si le to si me dzo le la me nana tsi ƒuƒu ƒe ʋuʋudedi vuvu vivivi le gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo 24 me.
• Nusitae tsilele kple tometsi alo tomeka dede eme nye afɔku: Ne dzila alo dɔnɔdzikpɔla si menya nu tso eŋu o bu vodadatɔe be tomeka alo plastik-ku si sɔ eye wòtsɔ tsi dzodzoe tsɔ tsi dzodzoe ƒo to la (alo ŋlɔ tomeka si nye tsi si nye dɔlékuiwutike/steroid tomeka) la, tsikukua kekena kabakaba le ƒu ƒe mɔ si wotu la me. Esi ƒua mete ŋu kekena yia gota o ta la, go si le kekem ɖe enu la gbãa tɔdzisasrãa ƒe ŋutigbalẽ (si hea ischemic necrosis vɛ), egbãa tomeka, edzea to titina ƒe doa dzi, eɖea to ƒe ƒu suesuesueawo ɖa (malleus, incus, and stapes), eye wòmia mo ƒe lãmeka (CN VII), si wɔnɛ be conductive/sensorineural hearing loss si nɔa anyi ɖaa si hiã be woawɔ dɔ na mastoid si agbugbɔ atu.
• ENT ɖeɖeɖa nyuie: Na to nanɔ ƒu 100 le alafa me naƒu eye nàna Tomeŋutinunyala (ENT amekola) tsɔa kɔsɔkɔsɔ si le dzogoe dzɔdzɔe me si me mekɔ o, curette, alo numimɔ̃ (zi geɖe le ɖeviwo ƒe alɔ̃dɔdɔ kpui aɖe te ale be dzonu si le glidzaglidza la nagakaka o) aɖe dzonua le nusuekpɔmɔ̃ si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe me.

Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne viwòa mi (alo ate ŋu ami) tsi ƒe ku alo fefenu si wotsɔa polymer tsinae si le kekem ɖe enu la, te ɖe miaƒe dukɔa ƒe aɖinuwo dzikpɔƒe kple ɖeviwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ enumake:

• United States kple Canada: Ƒo ka na Aɖidzikpɔƒe le 1-800-222-1222 (US) alo 1-844-764-7669 (Canada) enumake, alo nàƒo ka na 911 ne èle ʋuʋum alo le ʋuʋum. Le United States la, Nuƒlelawo ƒe Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Dɔwɔha (CPSC) kple Amerika Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔlélewo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe (AAP) ɖe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti ŋkuɖodzinya gãwo ɖe go kple se (Esther ƒe Se / Ban Water Beads Act) si xe mɔ ɖe tsi ƒe dzonu siwo wodzrana abe ɖeviwo ƒe fefenuwo ene le ɖeviwo ƒe dɔgbo ƒe xexe ƒe ku ta. Ka nya ta tso tsi-ku ƒe abi ɖesiaɖe ŋu na SaferProducts.gov.
• United Kingdom: Ƒo ka na 999 ne èle ʋu ƒe sisi alo ʋu si me ʋu sina tona, alo yi Ðeviwo ƒe Afɔku kple Kpata (A&E) dɔwɔƒe ƒe alɔdze. Eŋlisiawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Dzidzenuwo Gbɔ (OPSS) kple Fia ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Kpata ƒe Kɔledzi (RCEM) ɖe Dukɔa ƒe Dɔnɔwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nuxlɔ̃amewo ɖe go xlɔ̃ nu atikewɔlawo be superabsorbent polymer beads nye radiolucent le X-ray dzi eye wòhiã be woada ultrasound kpɔ. Ne èdi aɖaŋuɖoɖo enumake le ɖevi tsitsi si me dzesi aɖeke mele o ŋu la, ƒo ka na NHS 111.
• Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ: Ƒo ka na 112 hena atikewɔwɔ kpata alo te ɖe wò dukɔa ƒe Aɖinuwo Dzikpɔƒe (Centre Antipoison le France/Belgium, Giftnotruf le Germany/Austria).
• Australia kple New Zealand: Ƒo ka na 000 le Australia alo 111 le New Zealand hena nɔnɔme kpatawo, alo ƒo ka na Aɖiwo Ŋuti Nyatakaka Dɔwɔƒe le 13 11 26 (Australia) alo 0800 764 766 (New Zealand). Australia ƒe Hoʋiʋli Kple Nuƒlelawo ƒe Dɔwɔha (ACCC Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ) xlɔ̃ nu vevie be woagatsɔ tsikuwo ade aƒe siwo me ɖevi siwo mexɔ ƒe 5 haɖe o le me o.
• India kple Asia-Pacific: Ƒo ka na 112 (India), 995 (Singapore), 119 (Japan/South Korea), alo wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (kpɔ wo katã xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata) eye woayi ɖeviwo ƒe kɔdzi si le suku kɔkɔ aɖe si me ɖeviwo ƒe ultrasound kple ɖeviwo ƒe amekoko ƒe ŋutete le.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Vinye si xɔ ɣleti 18 mi tsi ƒuƒu suesue ɖeka gaƒoƒo 3 enye sia eye wòle nu kom hele fefem abe alesi wòle ene. Nukatae nyemate ŋu alé ŋku ɖe wo ŋu le aƒeme ko ne nyemeyɔ ɖɔkta o?¶

Elabena gaƒoƒo 12 va ɖo 72 ƒe kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ si tsi megbe ƒe ɣeyiɣiɖoɖo si blea ame le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã me. Ne akɔbli la bɔbɔ nɔ viwò si le zɔzɔm ƒe dɔgbo si me acid le me le gaƒoƒo 2 va ɖo 6 gbãtɔawo me la, ƒodo me acid nana bead la nɔa sue vie eye mehea dzesi aɖeke vɛ o. Ne lãgbalẽgoloa to dɔgboa me yi dɔgbo sue si me alkali le me (le gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 48 le e mimi megbe) ko hafi wòxɔa dɔgbo me tsi eye wòvuvuna wòkeke milimeta 30 va ɖo 50, si xea mɔ na ɖevi si xɔ ɣleti 18 ƒe ʋuka si le gbadzaa la. Ne èkplɔ viwò si le zɔzɔm yi ɖeviwo ƒe xɔ si me wokpɔa dɔnɔwo gbɔ kpata le le gaƒoƒo ʋɛ gbãtɔ siwo me nèmi jumbo bead me la, zi geɖe la, ɖɔktawo ate ŋu akpɔe le ultrasound dzi alo atsɔ nukpɔkpɔ bɔbɔe aɖe aɖee le dɔgboa me hafi wòage ɖe dɔgbo suea me gbeɖe eye wòahiã be woawɔ dɔ na eƒe ƒodo si le ʋuʋu ɖi.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae le tsi ƒe ʋeʋẽ mimi megbe la, "le eme kɔ" be mahe dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu vɛ o?¶

Dutalã sue siwo mewɔa dɔ sesẽ o ƒe akpa gãtɔ toa ɖevi ƒe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ me le gaƒoƒo 24 va ɖo 72 me, gake esi wònye be gel-ku siwo keke ƒe akpa aɖe zɔna blewuu to dɔgbo suea me ta la, ɖeviwo ƒe amekolawo kple aɖidzikpɔƒewo ɖoa aɖaŋu na dzilawo be woanɔ ŋudzɔ ŋkeke 5 va ɖo 7 blibo le eɖuɖu vɔ megbe. Le ŋkeke 5 va ɖo 7 mawo me la, lé ŋku ɖe aɖuɖɔtoe ɖesiaɖe ŋu be bead alo gel kakɛ siwo me gblẽ o hã le eme hã, eye nàyi ɖeviwo ƒe dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ enumake ne viwòa va zu ʋuʋudedi zi ɖeka gɔ̃ hã, ʋuʋudedi si le amadede dzẽ alo ɣi-amadede dzẽ me (bilious emesis, si nye amekoko ƒe aflaga dzĩ blibo), ƒodo ƒe vevesese si sɔ alo afɔ hehe yi akɔta, si vuvu alo sesẽ ƒodo, alo gbegbe be yemaɖu nu ahano nu o.

Nukatae ʋuʋudedi si le amadede dzẽ me alo neon yellow-green ("bilious vomiting") le ɖevi me nyea 911 amekoko ƒe nɔnɔme kpata ɣesiaɣi?¶

Ne dɔlékui ƒe dɔlékui aɖe le ɖevi ŋu edziedzi la, eɖea dɔgbo me tsi si me kɔ, ʋuʋudedi, alo nuɖuɖu si woɖu nyitsɔ laa. Aɖuɖɔ si ƒe amadede nye amadede dama si klẽna, si ƒe amadede nye gbe dama, alo esi ƒe amadede nye chartreuse yellow-green viviti nye ʋumenugbagbeviɣi, si dona ɖe dɔgbo sue (duodenum) si le dɔgboa te la me. Ne wole ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo dzi zim ɖe megbe yi dzi le dɔgboa me eye wole dodom le nu me la, efia be dɔgbo sue si le ʋumenugbagbeviɣia te la xe mɔ ŋutɔŋutɔ (to tsi ƒe ʋuʋudedi si keke ta, intussusception, alo dɔgbo si tro/matrɔmatrɔ me). Vidzĩ alo ɖevi ɖesiaɖe si ŋu ʋuʋudedi dama le hiã na fotoɖeɖe kple amekoko ƒe aɖaŋuɖoɖo le dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ enumake.

Ke ne nye avu alo avu ɖu tsi si kɔ ɖe anyigba (Orbeez) le anyigba ya ɖe?¶

Abe alesi wòle le amegbetɔ ɖevi siwo le zɔzɔm ene la, avuwo (vevietɔ avu kple avuvi siwo nye ƒome suewo) kple avuwo kpea fu le dɔgbo sue siwo nye amedzrowo ƒe mɔxenu siwo dea woƒe agbe afɔku me le tsi ƒe dzonu siwo womi kple fefenu siwo wotsɔa futukpɔ siwo le kekem ɖe enu ta. Mègana aƒemelã si mi jumbo-ku siwo keke xoxo (siwo ate ŋu atɔ ɖe nuɖuɖutome) la naɖe aɖuɖɔ le aƒeme gbeɖe o, eye mègalala be avu la nadze aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ gɔme le ŋkeke eve megbe o. Ƒo ka na wò lãmesẽdɔwɔla alo ASPCA Lãwo ƒe Aɖi Dzikpɔƒe (1-888-426-4435) enumake; ne ɖeko avu la ɖu aŋgba ƒuƒuwo le miniti 30 va ɖo 60 mamlɛawo me hafi wokeke la, lãmesẽdɔwɔla ate ŋu ana woatsi dedie alo aɖe wo ɖa to dɔgboa me hafi woage ɖe dɔgbo suea me eye wòahiã be woawɔ dɔ na dɔgbo suea si ƒe home nye dɔlar 4,000.

Aleke wòle be matsɔ tsikuwo aƒu gbe ne wole nye aƒeme xoxo kple ɖevi tsitsiwo alo vasewo?¶

Ðeviwo ƒe dedienɔnɔdɔwɔƒe siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Amerika Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔlélewo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe kple Nuƒlelawo ƒe Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Dɔwɔha kafui vevie be woatsɔ tsi ƒe dzonu, gel blaster tu ƒe kpetikewo, kple polymer tsilelefefewɔnuwo akeke ɖe enu aƒu gbe le aƒe ɖesiaɖe si ɖevi siwo mexɔ ƒe 6 haɖe o alo ɖevi siwo ƒe tsitsi tsi megbe alo autism (siwo ƒe nu me nu mesena le nu me enuenu) ayi la me. Mègakɔ tsikuwo ɖe tsiléƒe, tsileƒe, alo nugododeƒe ƒe tsidzɔƒe gbeɖe o, afisi wokekena ɖe aƒea me pɔmpimɔ̃wo me eye wònana tsi gbegblẽwo tsia megbe vevie; ke boŋ, tre dzonu ƒuƒu kple esiwo me tsi le siaa nu ɖe ​​akplo si me zip le si wɔa dɔ sesẽ aɖe me le gota gbeɖuɖɔgo si wotu me afisi ɖeviwo kple aƒemelãwo mate ŋu aɖo wo gbɔ o.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Button batri kple neodymium magnet si ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ ɖuɖu le ɖeviwo me
• Ðevi ɖu nu dzro aɖe
• Vidzĩ ƒe ʋuʋudedi (amadede dzẽ) ƒe ʋuʋudedi, projectile ʋuʋudedi, kple intussusception
• Duta nu le to alo ŋɔti me, nudzodzoe gbagbe le to me, kple dadaa ƒe nugbugbɔ
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woatsɔ awɔ nudzɔdzɔ kpatawoe

Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• United States ƒe Nuƒlelawo ƒe Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Dɔwɔha (CPSC, United States): Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nuxlɔ̃ame Kple Ŋkuɖodzi Nyatakakawo le Superabsorbent Polymer (SAP) Tsi ƒe Kukuwo: Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Dɔgbo Sue ƒe Mɔxexe, Radiolucency le Radiographs Gbadzawo me, Kple Ðeviwo ƒe Ku.
• Amerika Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔlélewo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe (AAP) kple Dziehe Amerika Ðeviwo ƒe Dɔgboŋutinunya, Aklãŋutinunya, Kple Nuɖuɖu Ŋuti Habɔbɔ (NASPGHAN, United States): Ðeviwo ƒe Dutalãwo ɖuɖu le Dɔdaƒe (Kramer et al., JPGN): Endoscopic Net Retrieval kple Amekoko ƒe Triage of Superabsorbent Polymer Spheres.
• United Kingdom Dukɔa ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (NHS), Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Dzidzenuwo Gbɔ (OPSS), kple Fiaɖuƒea ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Kpata ƒe Kɔledzi (RCEM, United Kingdom): Dukɔa ƒe Dɔnɔwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nuxlɔ̃ame: Ku ƒe Afɔku Kple Nuveviwɔame Sesẽ Siwo Ado tso Superabsorbent Polymer Gel Beads ɖuɖu me (Ultrasound Diagnosis vs. Plain Film Radiography).
• Amerikatɔwo ƒe Tomeŋutinunya Suku-Ta kple Kɔ ƒe Amekoko (AAO-HNS): Tsilɔ̃la siwo le kekem ɖe enu ƒe Dutanuwo Dzikpɔkpɔ (Water Beads) le Ðeviwo ƒe gotagome Tomemɔ kple No me (Tsidede Tome ƒe Tsidede Ŋu Sesẽe).
• Amerika ƒe Aɖi Dɔwɔƒewo (National Capital Poison Center, United States): Aɖiŋutinunya kple Osmotic Kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ ƒe Kinetics le Polyacrylamide kple Sodium Polyacrylate Hydrogel Beads me le Gastric vs. Duodenal pH.