Aɖatsimɔ̃, atadi si wotsɔna ƒua gbe, kple atike si xea mɔ na amehawo ƒe ɖiƒoƒo kple kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ¶
Xexlẽme kpatawo toa vovo le dukɔ ɖesiaɖe me. Axa sia zã 911, si nye xexlẽdzesi na United States kple Canada. Dukɔ bubu geɖewo zãa 112, 999, alo xexlẽdzesi bubu. Di xexlẽdzesi si le miaƒe dukɔa me.
Atike siwo wotsɔna tsia amehawo nu (si woyɔna zi geɖe be ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ dzi ɖuɖu alo lachrymators) dometɔ aɖewoe nye CS gas (2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile), OC pepper spray (oleoresin capsicum), PAVA (pelargonic acid vanillylamide, si nye capsaicinoid si wowɔ), kple CN gas (chloroacetophenone / Mace). Eɖanye mɔzɔla si mekpɔ gome le eme o si wolé le wɔwɔfia aɖe gbɔ, nuto me nɔla si ƒe xɔ ƒe fesre si le ʋuʋu ɖi he dzudzɔ si nɔ dodom le ablɔdzi, nyadzɔdzɔŋlɔla, alo afɔzɔla si wodo atike si wotsɔna ʋlia eɖokui tae le vo me o, ne èzãe vevie la, esea veve enumake, si nu sẽ ŋutɔ. Le sɛkɛnd eve me ne woka asi ŋku, ŋɔti, ŋɔti, kple ŋutigbalẽ si xɔ dzo ƒe lãkusi siwo me tsi le ŋu la, atike siawo nana vevesesenutsitikewo (vevietɔ TRPA1 kple TRPV1 ion channels) wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu le wo ɖokui si (blepharospasm), ŋkuagbãtɔ si wɔa dɔ hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe, ʋuʋudedi, akɔta ƒe tete, kple dzobibi vevie le ŋutigbalẽa katã ŋu.
Le ame tsitsi siwo le lãmesẽ me le yame la, zi geɖe la, aɖatsimɔ̃ kple atadi si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sesẽwo nɔa anyi ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe eye wodzea egɔme nu yina le miniti 15 va ɖo 45 me ne woʋu yi ya nyui me eye wokɔ wo nyuie vɔ. Gake le teƒe siwo wotu, siwo ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme sɔ gbɔ, alo le amesiwo ŋu asrã, aklãdɔléle si xea mɔ na dɔlékuiwo (COPD), dzitodzito me dɔléle, alo ŋkumeɖonu siwo wotsɔa ŋkumeɖonu wɔe gome la, atike siwo wotsɔ léa amehawo nu ate ŋu ahe amehawo ƒe ʋuʋu si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me vɛ bronchospasm (asrã ƒe amedzidzedze sesẽ), laryngospasm, ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu, kple ŋutigbalẽ ƒe dzobibi le dzidzenu evelia nu. Alesi woawɔe nyanya si le ya si woyɔna be aerosol plume la nu le ya me yi dzi kple to dzi, tsɔ tsi dzadzɛ alo dze si me dɔlékui mele o klɔ ŋkuwo nyuie evɔ màtutu wo o, ƒo asa na ablɔdzi glitoto siwo me afɔku le abe notsi alo aɖitsi kɔklɔ ɖe ŋkuwo me ene, eye nàɖe ɖiƒoƒo ɖa le awuwo ŋu dedie le aƒeme axe mɔ na ŋku kple lãkusi ƒe abi tegbee.
Wɔ esia fifia¶
- Ʋu yi ya nyui me enumake to azɔlizɔzɔ UPWIND kple UPHILL (si kɔkɔ wu) me. Aɖatsi gas aerosols kple vaporized particles kpekpe ŋutɔ wu ya eye wonyrɔna ɖe ablɔ siwo le anyigba, tomemɔwo, anyigbaxɔdzowo, kple anyigbaxɔdzowo dzi. Zɔ le dziɖeɖi me (mègaƒu du o, elabena duƒuƒu nana nègbɔa ya sesĩe wu eye nègbɔa ya kabakaba wu) nànɔ tsitre ɖe ya ŋu alo nàliae, eye nàlia ayi teƒe kɔkɔwo alo dzisasrã si le etame ƒe balkon si didi tso dzudzɔ ɣi ƒe alilikpoa gbɔ.
- Mègatsɔ asi atutu ŋku, mo, alo ŋutigbalẽ gbeɖe o. Le nyateƒe me la, CS gas menye gas le xɔme ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nu o; enye alilikpo si me microscopic, sharp crystalline solid powder particles. Ne ètutu wò ŋkume la, etutua kristalo sue siawo tẽ ɖe wò ŋkume ƒe ŋkume abe sandpaper ene, si wɔnɛ be ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋudedi si le veve sem, eye wòkakaa OC pepper spray si me ami le ɖe wò ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo me goglo wu.
- Tsɔ asibidɛ dzadzɛwo ɖe ŋkumeɖonuawo ɖa enumake eye nàtsɔ ŋkumeɖonu falɛfalɛwo aƒu gbe. Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ŋkumeɖonu léa atike ƒe kristalo siwo me wode nu me kple capsaicin amiwo ɖe wò ŋkume tẽe ɖe ŋkumeɖonua te, si wɔnɛ be tsi nagaklɔ atike la ɖa eye wòaƒo alo aƒo ɖi hydrogel ŋkumeɖonu falɛfalɛwo tegbee o. Klɔ asibidɛwo alo tutu wo gbã, ƒo ŋkumeɖonuawo do goe enumake, eye nàtsɔ ŋkumeɖonu falɛfalɛawo aƒu gbe tegbee.
- Klɔ ŋku kabakaba eye nàklɔ wò ŋkuwo tso dzogoe ememetɔ (si te ɖe ŋɔti ŋu) dzi ayi gota to tsi fafɛ dzadzɛ alo dze si me dɔlékui mele o zazã me. Klɔ ta ɖe axadzi ɖe tsiléƒe alo anyigba ƒe teƒe aɖe ale be ŋku si vɔ̃ɖi wu la nadze ŋgɔ anyime (ale be tsi si sina si me ɖi le la nagaklɔ wò ŋɔti ƒe tɔdzisasrãa dzi ayi wò ŋku kemɛ dzi alo ayi anyime ayi wò nu me o). Klɔ tsinono dzadzɛ alo dze si sɔ 0.9% si me dɔlékui mele o ƒe sisi madzudzɔmadzudzɔe, si me dɔlékui mele o tso ŋkua ƒe dzogoe ememetɔ si te ɖe ŋɔti ŋu yi gota yi to gbɔ hena aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 15 madzudzɔmadzudzɔe.
- MÈGAKƆ notsi, tsi si wua acid (Maalox), vinegar, baking soda-mi, alo nuɖami ɖe wò ŋkuwo me GBEÐE o. Togbɔ be wole nyatakakawo gblɔm le internet dzi le afisiafi hã la, ne èkɔ nyinotsi si me dɔlékui mele o, tsi si me wodea amii, alo vinegar ɖe ŋku siwo ŋu atike suesuesuewo ƒe ʋuʋudedi le la me la, ehea dɔlékuiwo (Pseudomonas kple Staphylococcus), fungi, kple... particulate grit si ateŋu ahe ŋkumekpɔkpɔ ƒe afɔku vɛ bacterial keratitis (corneal ulcers). Zã dze si me dɔlékui mele o alo tsinono dzadzɛ si le ŋkua me ko.
- Ðe gotagomewu siwo me dɔlékuiwo le ɖa evɔ màhe awudziwuiwo ɖe ta dzi o, eye nàle tsi FƆME. Ne ènya ɖo tsileƒe si le dedie ko la, tsɔ lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu (alo awudziwui siwo me woɖea abɔta le) lã t-shirt siwo me ɖi le siwo woate ŋu ahe ɖe megbe ale be màgahe avɔ si wotsɔ aŋɔ wɔe la atrɔ ayi mo kple ŋku dzi o. Miɖe afɔ ɖe tsi fafɛ ƒe tsilele me aɖabaƒoƒo 5 gbãtɔawo hafi nàde nuɖugba me adzalẽ fafɛ: tsi dzodzoe alo dzoxɔxɔ ʋua ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo eye wògawɔa dzobibi sesẽ si tso kristalo CS-tu kple capsaicin ami me.
Danger
Ƒo ka na dɔwɔƒe siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ enumake (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom) ne asrã alo lãkusidɔ le ame si ŋu dɔlélea le eye wòxɔ ʋuʋudedi, gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe sesẽ, nuyiwo ƒe blɔ, alo stridor (gbɔgbɔ sesẽ), alo ne ŋku ƒe vevesese kple ŋku ƒe nukpɔkpɔ si me kɔ nyuie mete ŋu nyo ɖe edzi 45 va ɖo 60 o aɖabaƒoƒo aɖewo le tsilele vɔ megbe. Na amea nanɔ anyi ɖe tsitrenu, ana eƒe albuterol / salbutamol xɔname yagbɔgbɔ si woŋlɔ nɛ (agbɔgbɔ 2 va ɖo 4 to spacer dzi aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 20 ɖesiaɖe abe alesi woƒe asrã ƒe afɔɖeɖe ƒe ɖoɖoa gblɔe ene), eye megatsɔ aɖatsigoe dzodzoe aɖeke kple asi ƒuƒlu gbeɖe o (pyrotechnic CS canisters burn at over 400 degrees Celsius / 750 degree Fahrenheit eye ate ŋu awó alo ana dzoxɔxɔ naxɔ dzo le dzidzenu etɔ̃lia nu).
Agblemenukuwo me toto kpata kple ɖiƒoƒo ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi¶
Dze dɔdamɔnu ƒe ɖoɖo sia yome tso esime wodoe ɖe go to aƒemewuwo ƒe ɖiƒoƒo ɖeɖeɖa me.
flowchart TD
A["Ne wotsɔ Aɖatsimɔ̃ (CS/CN) alo Atadi Si Wotsɔna Ƒua Nu (OC/PAVA) ."] --> B["Nɔ Fafa: Gbɔgbɔ Blewu To ŋɔti/Avɔ Me & Ʋu Yi Dzi Kple Todzi"]
B --> C{"Ʋuʋudedi sesẽ aɖe, nyagbe blibowo gbɔgblɔ ƒe ŋutetemanɔamesi, alo akɔtave aɖea?"}
C -->|"Ẽ: Yagbɔgbɔ ƒe Nɔnɔme Kpata"| D["Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 Enumake, Nɔ anyi Tsitrenu, Zã Xɔnamemɔ̃ (Albuterol) ."]
C -->|"Ao: Ŋku Kple Ŋutilã ƒe Dzobibi Ko"| E["MÈGAKTU ŊKUWO O: Ðe ŋkumeɖobolowo ɖa eye nàtsɔ wo aƒu gbe Enumake"]
E --> F["Tilt Head Sideways (Ŋku si Ŋu Ŋusẽ Le Yi anyime) & Flush Ememe-yi-Egodo Dzogoe"]
F --> G["De tsii Madzudzɔmadzudzɔe Aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 15 kple Dze Si Me Dɔlékui Le O alo Tsi Dzadzɛ Ko"]
G --> H["Le Aƒeme: Trɔ Gomewuwo ɖe Plastik Akplo me (Mègahe Awudziwui Ðe Mo Dzi O)"]
H --> I["Klɔ Taɖa Kple Ŋutilã Kple Tsi FƆ Aɖabaƒoƒo 5 Gbã, Emegbe Klɔe Kple Nuɖaze Fafɛ Klɔe"]
I --> J{"Ðe ŋku ƒe vevesese sesẽ, ŋku ƒe nukpɔkpɔ ƒe ʋuʋu, alo ʋuʋudedi nɔa anyi aɖabaƒoƒo 60 megbea?"}
J -->|"Ẽ"| K["Di Ŋkudɔdada Kpata alo Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Nudzɔdzɔ Kpatawo Gbɔ hena ŋkume ƒe Ʋuʋudedi"]
J -->|"Ao"| L["Gbɔ ɖe eme le xɔ si me ya le me & Klɔ awuwo ɖe vovo le Tsi fafɛ me zi eve"]
De dzesi atike si wotsɔ wɔa dɔe: CS Tear Gas vs. OC Pepper Spray vs. CN Mace¶
Atike si nèdo goe gɔmesese ɖea alesi wòwɔa nui le wò ŋutilã kple aƒemenuwo dzi me. Togbɔ be ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ dzi ɖuɖu ƒe atikewo katã nana wovuvuna enumake eye wofiãna hã la, woƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ to vovo kura.
| Atikewo ƒe Dɔwɔnu | Chemical Class & Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ ƒe Nɔnɔme | Alesi Wowɔa Dɔe | Lãmesẽŋutinunya ƒe Dzesi Gbãtɔwo | Solubility & Decontamination Nuwɔna |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CS Gas (2-Klorobenzalmalononitrile) | Solid crystalline micronized powder (melting point 93°C) si wotsɔ dzodoƒe ƒe dzudzɔ bɔmb alo solvent spray kaka | Dzudzɔgo siwo le ɣie/siwo ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, bɔmb siwo wotsɔna kakaa bɔmb, alo aerosol-tɔsisi siwo wotsɔ asi léna | Ŋku/ŋɔti/ŋɔti ƒe dzobibi enumake le sɛkɛnd 3 va ɖo 10 me, ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu le lɔlɔ̃nu faa me, ʋuʋudedi/aɖuɖɔ ƒe ʋuʋu sesĩe, kɔdzidede, akɔta ƒe tete; fiãna ɖe edzi wu le ŋutigbalẽ si fifia/tsi xɔdzo dzi | Melɔ̃na le tsi me o (tsi tsɔa mɔ̃ klɔa nusuewo ɖa to woƒe lolome nu, ke menye to wo tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe me o); tsi ƒua tsi vivivi; nɔa awuwo kple modzakaɖebɔwo dzi kwasiɖa geɖe |
| OC Atadi ƒe atike (Oleoresin Capsicum) & PAVA | Ami si woɖe tso resin me tso Capsicum chili peppers (capsaicinoids) alo PAVA si wowɔ si wotsɔ ƒo ɖe propylene glycol/ami tsɔla me | Aerosol-tɔsisi siwo wotsɔ asi, foggers, gel-tɔsisiwo, alo "pepper balls" siwo wotsɔa ya si woƒo ƒui (paintball-style projectiles) . | Vevesese si xɔa dzo enumake kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔdzẽ to TRPV1 xɔlawo dzi, ŋkumaʋumaʋu hena ɣeyiɣi aɖe aɖabaƒoƒo 20 va ɖo 45, ŋutigbalẽ biã vevie (erythema), kɔdzidede kple nu me ʋuʋu | Lipophilic (oil-soluble) and hydrophobic: Tsi dzadzɛ klɔa ŋkuwo to mɔ̃ ƒe tsidedee me, gake nuɖugba me adzalẽ fafɛ si ɖea ami ɖa + tsi fafɛ ɖea ami si le ŋutigbalẽ me ɖa |
| CN Gas (Kloroacetophenone / "Mace" gbãtɔ) | Ketone sesẽ si le abe kristalo ene si kaka abe aerosol alo dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzudzɔ ene | Aɖatsimɔ̃ xoxowo kple ame ŋutɔ ƒe ametakpɔnu aɖewo (siwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ tsɔ CS/OC ɖɔ li le aɖi si lolo wu ta) | Aɖi si le ŋkume ƒe lãkusi me tẽ si nu sẽ wu eye afɔku si le ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋudedi allergic contact dermatitis kple atike ƒe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe dzobibi me sɔ gbɔ wu CS | Klɔ ŋkuwo aɖabaƒoƒo 15 va ɖo 20 kple tsi/dzetsi gbogbo aɖe; tsɔ tsi fafɛ kple adzalẽ fafɛ klɔ ŋutigbalẽ; lé ŋku ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋudedi siwo tsi megbe ŋu nyuie hã |
| HC Dzudzɔ / Amadede Dzesi Dzudzɔ Bɔmbwo | Hexachloroethane / zinc oxide dzudzɔ alo amadede organic dye dzudzɔ (wozãnɛ hena dzesiwo/ɣla, ke menye aɖatsimɔ̃ dzadzɛ o) | Dzudzɔgo siwo le ɣie, ɣie, amadede dzẽ, alo aŋutiɖiɖi | Afɔku gã si le gbɔgbɔ me: Zinc chloride dzudzɔ si dona tso HC-gowo me hea atikewo ƒe aklãdɔléle kple aklã me ʋuʋu si tsi megbe vevie vɛ le gaƒoƒo 6 va ɖo 24 megbe | Miɖe dzudzɔ si le ʋeʋẽm la ɖa enumake; di kɔdzi ƒe dodokpɔ ne èdo go asrafowo/zinc dzudzɔ sesẽ aɖe le mɔdodo alo xɔ si wotu me |
Nusita CS "Gas" nye nusuekpɔmɔ̃ sesẽ aɖe ŋutɔŋutɔ¶
Nyateƒenya vevitɔ kekeake si gɔme wòle be míase tso CS aɖatsimɔ̃ ŋue nye be menye gas ŋutɔŋutɔe wònye o. Le gota ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si sɔ me la, CS nye kristalo sesẽ ɣi aɖe si sɔ kple talcum-tu alo ahuhɔ̃e si wotu nyuie. Ne woda aɖatsigoe la, dzodoƒe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si le eme doa dzo na CS sesẽa vaseɖe esime wòzu ya va gena ɖe ya me; ne yaƒoƒo dzodzoe ma nya dze gota ya fafɛa dzi ko la, egaƒoa ƒu zua alilikpo gã aɖe si me nu suesuesue sesẽ siwo ƒe didime nye micrometer 1 va ɖo 10 ƒe didime.
Elabena CS nye atike sesẽ aɖe si wɔa dɔ kple tsi le atikewo me:
- Fifia kple fafa nana dzoxɔxɔa wɔa dɔ: CS kristalo léna ɖe ŋgonu, kɔ, akɔtaɖonu, kple awudziwui siwo fifia ŋu. Esi kristalo la le nu wɔm vivivi kple ŋutigbalẽ ƒe tsi (tsi ƒe ʋuʋu) la, eɖea hydrochloric acid kple nusiwo doa dziku na ame siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ suesuesuewo ɖe wò lãmekawo ƒe nuwuwu tẽ.
- Ya ƒuƒu ƒoƒo kpena ɖe ame ŋu hafi klɔa nu: Ne ènya do tso CS alilikpo me yi ɖe ya nyui me ko la, tsitretsitsi le ya sesẽ aɖe me eye nèdo wò abɔwo ɖe enu aɖabaƒoƒo 3 va ɖo 5 na ya la te ŋu ƒua CS-tu ƒuƒu si le gbadzaa la ɖa le wò ɖa kple awuwo ŋu hafi tsi ka asi eŋu gbeɖe.
Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ƒe tsidede ŋkume ƒe ɖoɖo (kple nusita ablɔdzitikewo nana ŋkuagbãna) .¶
Wò ŋkuwoe nye atike siwo xea mɔ na amehawo ƒe taɖodzinu si sea veve wu. Ne CS kristalo alo OC atadi sisi ƒe tsitetewo dze ɖe ŋkume ƒe aɖatsi film dzi la, trigeminal nerve la ʋãa ametakpɔnu aɖe enumake si woyɔna be blepharospasm, wò ŋkumeʋuʋuwo tsia sesĩe ale gbegbe be màte ŋu aʋu wo to lɔlɔ̃nu faa ƒe ŋusẽ ɖeɖeko dzi o.
Alesi nàklɔ wò ŋutɔ wò ŋkuwo alo ame bubu ƒe ŋkuwo dedie¶
- Tsɔ ta la ɖe axadzi eye ŋku si ŋu dɔlélea le la nabɔbɔ ɖe anyi: Na amea nabɔbɔ ɖe ŋgɔ alo abɔbɔ ta ɖe axadzi le dzogoe si nye dzidzenu 45 va ɖo 90 ale be ŋku si wole ʋuʋum la nanɔ ete. Mègakɔ ta ɖe megbe tẽe esime nèle tsi kɔm ɖe ŋgonu dzi gbeɖe o: ne èkɔ ta ɖe megbe la, aklɔa atikekui la ɖa le ŋgonu kple ŋkume tẽ yi ɖe ŋkuwo me eye wòɖina ɖe nu me.
- Lé ŋkume ƒe ŋkume blewu kple asibidɛ dzadzɛ eve: Esi wònye be blepharospasm si melɔ̃na o xea ŋkume ta la, tsi si wokɔ ɖe ŋkumeʋuʋu siwo wotu dzi mewɔa naneke tsɔ kɔa ŋkume o. Da wò asibidɛ dzadzɛa ɖe ŋkume ƒe ƒu si le etame eye nàtsɔ wò asibidɛ si fiaa nu la da ɖe ŋgonu ƒe ƒu si le ete dzi (mègazi ŋkumeʋuʋua ŋutɔ dzi tẽ gbeɖe o) eye nàhe ŋkumeʋuʋuawo ɖa blewuu ale be tsi si le sisim la nadze ŋkua ƒe go dzi.
- Klɔe tso EME ƒe dzogoe (to ŋɔti ƒe tɔdzisasrã gbɔ) yi GODO ƒe dzogoe dzi: Lé sterile 0.9% normal saline eye wash ƒe squirt-tu alo tsinono ƒe aŋetu dzadzɛ si didi sentimeta 2.5 va ɖo 5 (inch 1 va ɖo 2) le ŋkua ƒe dzogoe ememetɔ (si te ɖe ŋɔti ƒe tɔdzisasrã ŋu) tame. Na tɔsisi aɖe si mewɔa tɔtrɔ o, si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sue aɖe natso ŋkua dzi eye wòasi le gotagome dzogoea dzi to gbedoxɔa gbɔ ayi anyigba. Na amea naʋuʋu eƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu yi dzi, anyime, miame, kple ɖusime esime wòle tsi ƒum ale be nu suesuesue siwo xaxa ɖe ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame kple esi le ete te la naklɔ do goe.
- Klɔe aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 15 blibo: Mègatɔ le sɛkɛnd eve ƒe tsilele vɔ megbe o. Tsi si ƒo ɖe CS-kristaliwo dzi kpuie la, tsia aŋɔa ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe eye ate ŋu ana wòaƒo geɖe wu sɛkɛnd 10 hafi tsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme natsɔ kristaloawo adzoe. Tsidede agble atraɖii aɖabaƒoƒo 10 va ɖo 15 ye nye nusi tsɔa mɔ̃ klɔa kristalo kple ami ɖesiaɖe si le ŋkume ƒe ŋkume.
Nusita MELE be nàde notsi, Maalox (atike siwo tsia acid nu), vinegar, alo vidzĩ ƒe atike si wotsɔna klɔa ŋkume GBEÐE o¶
Le wɔwɔfiawo kple dukɔmeviwo ƒe zitɔtɔɣiwo la, eteƒekpɔla siwo si susu nyui le la zɔna ƒoa xlãe enuenu tsɔa nyinotsi ƒe notsi ƒe zewo, tsi si nye antacid (SE: Liquid Antacid kple Tsi, abe Maalox alo Mylanta ene), baking soda tsi, alo vidzĩ ƒe atike si wotsɔ ƒua gbe ɖe amewo ƒe ŋku me ƒe zewo ɖe asi. Ŋkudɔdalawo, aɖinuwo dzikpɔƒewo, kple Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ŋkudɔdaƒe xlɔ̃ nu vevie be woagatsɔ nu bubu aɖeke si menye dze si me dɔlékui mele o alo tsi nyui nono ade amegbetɔ ƒe ŋku me o:
Warning
Nusita Notsi, Maalox, Kple Vidzĩ ƒe Atike Gblẽa Ŋkume: 1. Notsi me notsi me dɔlékui mele o: Notsi si wometsɔ dɔlékuiwutike wɔe o alo esi woʋu le kakɛ me si bɔbɔ nɔ akplo si me dzo le me gaƒoƒo geɖe la yɔ fũ kple dɔlékuiwo (Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, kple Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Ne CS kristalowo ƒo nu suesuesuewo ɖe wò ŋkume ƒe ŋkume la, notsi dzodzoe kɔklɔ ɖe ʋuʋudedi mawo me doa dɔlékuiwo ɖe ŋkume ƒe ŋkume tẽ, si hea ŋku ƒe dɔléle sesẽ kple ŋkume ƒe abi si ate ŋu axɔ abi wò ŋkume tegbee vɛ. 2. Tsi siwo tsia acid nu (Maalox / Mylanta) me nyea nu suesuesue siwo nye grit kple nuvivinuwo: Tsi antacids nye aluminum hydroxide sesẽ kple magnesium hydroxide ƒe akpa siwo wotsɔ tsaka kple peppermint oil, aha, parabens, kple vividoɖeameŋunu siwo wowɔ. Le dɔdamɔnu ŋuti numekukuwo me la, aluminum/magnesium ƒe akpa sesẽwo gena ɖe ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame (ŋku ƒe ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋudedi) te eye wogaƒoa ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu ɖe edzi ɣesiaɣi si nèɖe ŋku ɖe ŋkume. 3. Vidzĩ ƒe atike ɖea aɖatsi ƒe film la ɖa eye wònaa eƒe dɔyɔyɔ nɔa blewu: Dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔ siwo dzi wokpɔ si wota ɖe Academic Emergency Medicine me tsɔ tsi/dze sɔsɔ kple vidzĩ ƒe atike, notsi, kple Maalox hena OC atadi ƒe atike si wozãna ɖe OC pepper spray ŋu la kpɔe be vovototo aɖeke mele vevesesenutsitike me le egbɔkpɔnuwo dome o, eye wokpɔe be vidzĩ ƒe shampoo gblẽa nu le ŋkume ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le bɔbɔe ŋu eye wòɖea dzɔdzɔme lipid tear film la ɖa. Dze dzro si me dɔlékui mele o alo tsinono dzadzɛ si le aŋetu me wɔa dɔ kabakaba nenema ke eye afɔku aɖeke mele eme be woaxɔ dɔlékuiwo alo atikewo ƒe dzikudodo o.
Ŋutilã kple ɖa ƒe ɖiƒoƒo ɖeɖeɖa: tsi fafɛ kple nuɖaze-adzalẽ ƒe ɖoɖowɔɖi¶
Ne wò ŋkuwo te ŋu ʋu eye wò gbɔgbɔ le te ko la, ele be nàɖe atike siwo lé ɖe wò ɖa, mo, kɔ, kple awu ŋu la ɖa hafi nàka asi xɔmenuwo, ʋuzikpuiwo, alo ƒomea me tɔwo ŋu le aƒeme.
Afɔɖeɖe 1: Awuɖeɖe le tsileƒe si wotsɔ tile wɔe le gota alo eme¶
- Mègazɔ to wò xɔdɔme si me modzakaɖebɔ le me alo anɔ anyi ɖe wò avɔ sofa dzi ado awu siwo me aɖatsimɔ̃ alo atadi si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ɖo o. CS kristalo kple OC amiwo trɔna yia xɔmenuwo me enumake eye woaɖe gas ɖa eye woatɔ dzo amesiame si bɔbɔ nɔ aba ma dzi kwasiɖa geɖe.
- Miɖe afɔ ɖe mɔ si wotsɔ xɔtunuwo tu, ʋudzraɖoƒe, alo tsileƒe aɖe me. Do nitrile alo latex asigɛ siwo wotsɔna ƒua gbe ne wole asiwò.
- Mègahe t-shirt, sweatshirt, alo sweater si me dɔlékuiwo le yi ta dzi gbeɖe o. Ne èhe kɔla sesẽ aɖe ɖe mo dzi la, eƒoa CS-tu kple atadi si katã nɔ wò abɔta kple akɔta la ɖe wò ŋkuwo, ŋɔti, kple nu me tẽ. Ðe awua ƒe abɔta, he wò abɔwo ɖe abɔta gbã be nàkɔe ɖa le mo na wò, alo nàzã lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu kpekpewo atsɔ tso awua tẽe ayi ŋgɔgbe ƒe ʋuƒoa dzi eye nàɖee le megbe.
- Da awu, afɔkpa, kple akplo siwo katã me dɔlékuiwo le la ɖe aŋekotoku si me dɔ sesẽ le me tẽ eye nàblae vaseɖe esime nàsu te be yeaklɔ wo ɖe vovo.
Afɔɖeɖe 2: Aɖabaƒoƒo 5 ƒe tsi fafɛ ƒe tsilele ƒe sea¶
Ne èɖe afɔ ɖe tsileƒea be yeaklɔ aɖatsimɔ̃ alo atadi si wotsɔna ƒua gbe ɖe wò ɖa kple ŋutilã ŋu la, trɔ dzoxɔxɔ ƒe nugbɔ vaseɖe FƆ (alo tsi fafɛ fafɛ) hena miniti 5 gbãtɔawo:
- Nusita tsi dzodzoe tsilele nye vevesese: Tsi dzodzoe alo dzoxɔxɔ nana ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋukawo kekena enumake (ʋu si ƒua du yia ŋutigbalẽa me), eʋua fifia ƒe lãkusiwo kple ʋuʋudediwo wòkeke, eye wòlɔa OC resin kple CS kristalo siwo me ami le ale be wogena ɖe ŋutigbalẽa me goglo wu, si wɔnɛ be dzobibi ƒe ƒutsotsoe sesẽ aɖe gadzea wò ŋutilã bliboa dzi.
- Tɔ tsitrenu eye nàbɔbɔ ta ɖe megbe (alo ɖe ŋgɔ le tsigoa dzi) ne èle ɖa klɔm: Wò ɖa wɔa dɔ abe yaƒoƒomɔ̃ gã aɖe si léa aɖatsimɔ̃ ƒe ke gbogbo aɖewo siwo le ya me ene. Ne ètsɔ tsi fafɛ klɔ wò ɖa zi gbãtɔ la, mègana tsi si tso wò taɖa me naɖiɖi to wò ŋgonu dzi ayi wò ŋkuwo dzi eye wòaɖiɖi ɖe wò akɔta ayi wò akɔta o (akɔta kple vidzinuwo ƒe lãkusi siwo sea veve ŋutɔ le akɔta siwo atɔ dzoe vevie ne tsi si sina toa tsi si me dɔlékui le la klɔ wò akɔta). bɔbɔ ɖe ŋgɔ le akɔta ale be ɖa ƒe tsi nado tẽ ɖe tsileƒea ƒe anyigba.
- Klɔ ŋutigbalẽ si wodo ɖe OC pepper spray kple nuɖugba me adzalẽ fafɛ si ɖea ami ɖa: Esi OC pepper spray nye chili oil resin (capsaicin) ta la, tsi dzro ɖeɖe dzaa ʋuʋuna le ami si le wò ŋutigbalẽ dzi la me enumake. Ne ètsɔ tsi fafɛ klɔ atike si me mekɔ o ɖa aɖabaƒoƒo 5 vɔ la, tsɔ nufamɔ̃ fafɛ si wotsɔ klɔa nuɖazee (abe Dawn alo Fairy tsi ene) alo modzakaɖetike fafɛ si me ami mele o be nàtsɔ awɔ wò ŋutigbalẽa wòazu emulsy eye wòakɔ capsaicin-mia ɖe dzi, emegbe nàtsɔ tsi fafɛ aklɔ wò mo nyuie (wòatsɔ tsi fafɛ aklɔe nyuie.
- Pat dry kple pepa towels si wotsɔna ƒua gbe tsɔ wu be nàtsɔ avɔ tsilele towel atutu eŋu sesĩe.
Alesi nàkpɔ wò xɔ alo aƒe ta ne wozã aɖatsimɔ̃ ɖe wò ablɔdzi¶
Ne woɖo amehawo dzi kpɔlawo ɖe dugã me ablɔwo dzi le xɔdɔme siwo me amewo nɔna godo la, zi geɖe la, anyigbaxɔdzo kple dzisasrã evelia dzi xɔwo yɔa CS aerosol si le ʋuʋum to fesrewo ƒe gbagbãƒewo, yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo, kple tsileƒe ƒe yadoƒewo me fũ.
| Aƒeme Geɖe Vector | Afɔɖeɖe Enumake Ne Wozã Aɖatsimɔ̃ le Gome | Ale Si Nàkɔ Ne Gas Ge Ðe Xɔa Me Xoxo |
|---|---|---|
| Fesrewo, balkonwo, kple akpata ƒe ʋɔtruwo | Do fesrewo katã eye nàdo wo enumake; te tsilele ƒe afɔkpa siwo xɔ dzo ɖe fesre si le ete ƒe gbagbãƒe kple xɔa ƒe ŋgɔgbe ʋɔtrua te | Lala vaseɖe esime gota ya nakɔ keŋkeŋ, emegbe nàʋu fesre siwo le xɔa ƒe akpa siwo tsi tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu kple aɖaka me fesre si le ya ƒom GODO be wòaɖe ke si le tsia dzi la ɖa |
| Fesre AC units kple HVAC ɖoɖowo | Trɔ titina HVAC ɖoɖowo ɖe OFF eye nàtu ya nyui ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ƒe mɔxenuwo; trɔ fesre AC-nuwo ɖe OFF (alo "Recirculate / Closed Vent" ɖeɖeko) | Ðe pepa dzi HVAC yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo ɖa eye nàtsɔ wo aƒu gbe eye nàtsɔ tsi fafɛ kple nuɖugba me adzalẽ klɔ plastik fesre AC mesh yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo le gota esime nèdo asigɛwo |
| Anyigba sesẽwo, kplɔ̃wo, kple kplɔ̃wo | Kpɔ nuɖuɖu siwo woɖe ɖe go, vidzĩwo ƒe aŋetuwo, kple aƒemelãwo ƒe tsigowo dzi enumake; tsɔ nuɖuɖu ɖesiaɖe si wometsyɔ o si bɔbɔ nɔ fesre si le ʋuʋu ɖi gbɔ la ƒu gbe | MÈGAKPƆ ƒuƒu-klɔ alo zã yaƒoƒomɔ̃ si wozãna ɖaa si menye HEPA o (si tsɔa CS ke si tsi anyi la ƒua gbe ɖe yame tututu) GBEÐE o; tsɔ tsi fafɛ + nuɖugba me adzalẽ alo 5% baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) solution tutu nu sesẽwo to avɔ xɔdzo siwo woate ŋu atsɔ aƒu gbe zazã me |
| Nudzadzraƒe kple akplo siwo me ɖi le | Midzrae ɖo ɖe gbeɖuɖɔkotoku eve siwo wotsɔ aŋe wɔe me le balkon alo tsileƒe ƒe anyigba vaseɖe esime nàklɔe | Klɔ awu siwo me dɔlékuiwo le ɖe vovo kura tso ƒomea ƒe nudzadzra gbɔ: ƒu du tsi fafɛ klɔ tsikpe blibo 2 to atike si wotsɔna klɔa nu sesẽwo zazã me, emegbe nàwɔ tsilele ƒuƒlu aɖe atsɔ akɔ kpẽa ŋu |
Alesi woaklɔ awu siwo me aɖatsi alo atadi le dedie¶
Mègatsɔ jaketi si me aɖatsimɔ̃ ƒo tsii la ƒu gbe ɖe nufamɔ̃a me kpe ɖe viwòa ƒe awuwo alo wò abadzivɔwo ŋu gbeɖe o; atike la atrɔ ayi nusianu si le kpẽa me dzi.
- Do nitrile asigɛ siwo wotsɔna ƒua gbe ne èle awuwo tso aŋekotokua me yina ɖe nufamɔ̃a me.
- Ðo nufamɔ̃a ɖe tsi fafɛ ɖeɖeko, tsi si sɔ gbɔ wu, kple tsilele ƒe tsatsam bubu.
- Tsɔ tsi si wozãna tsɔ klɔa nu ŋu si wozãna ɖaa kpe ɖe mililita 120 (kplu afã) si nye baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) ŋu, si kpena ɖe alkaline-hydrolyze ŋu eye wòɖea CS ƒe nugbagbevi siwo susɔ la ɖa le tsilele me.
- Ƒu du le vuvɔ me tsilele ƒe tsatsam zi eve hafi nàka asi awuawo ŋu.
- Klã awuawo be ya naƒu le gota alo ɖe agbatsɔkeke dzi tsɔ wu be nàtsɔ wo ade awudzraɖoƒe dzodzoe me le tsilele zi gbãtɔ megbe (dzodzoe si nu sẽ ate ŋu aɖa CS alo OC ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe si susɔ la wòazu ka siwo wowɔ eye wòaɖe dzudzɔ si doa dziku na ame la ayi wò nudzadzraxɔ me).
- Le lãgbalẽfɔkpawo, nylon akɔtagbalẽviwo, ŋkumeɖobolowo, kple asitelefon siwo mate ŋu age ɖe nufamɔ̃a me o gome la, tsɔ pepafɔkpa siwo wotsɔna ƒua gbe siwo wotsɔ tsi fafɛ kple nuɖaze fafɛ ƒo ɖe wo me nàtsɔ atutu wo ɖe anyi zi etɔ̃ le gota, eye nàtsɔ pepafɔkpa ɖesiaɖe aƒu gbe ne ètsɔ asi ƒo wo zi ɖeka.
Wɔ nusɔsrɔ̃ aɖe
Mɔfiamegbalẽ xexlẽ menye nusi woatsɔ aɖɔli asinudɔwɔwɔ o. Bu kpekpeɖeŋunana gbãtɔ, CPR, kple yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo dzi kpɔkpɔ kpata ƒe nusɔsrɔ̃ si ŋu woɖo kpee to Atitsoga Dzĩ Dɔwɔƒe, St John Ambulance, alo atikewɔwɔ ŋuti hehenaƒe si le nutoa me dzi ale be nànɔ klalo be yeakpɔ gbɔgbɔtsixetsixe kple ŋku ƒe nuteɖeamedzi gbɔ le nuteɖeamedzi me.
Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶
Does wearing a surgical mask, N95 respirator, or wet bandana protect you from tear gas?
A standard surgical mask or cloth bandana offers very little protection against tear gas, and **tying a bandana soaked in water, vinegar, or lemon juice over your nose and mouth can actually make CS tear gas much worse.** Because CS powder activates on contact with moisture and is trapped by wet fabric fibers, breathing through a wet bandana traps a concentrated layer of wet, burning CS crystals right against your lips and nostrils with every breath. While a properly fit-tested **N95 / FFP2 or P100 particulate respirator** filters out many solid CS aerosol particles from entering your lungs, it provides zero protection for your eyes, and vaporized solvents still pass through unless paired with sealed swim/chemical goggles and a multi-gas organic vapor/acid gas cartridge.
Why did my skin start burning all over again when I took a shower the morning after being exposed to tear gas?
Secondary reactivation happens because tiny, invisible crystals of solid CS powder remain trapped in the hair follicles, scalp, eyebrows, or skin creases and do not dissolve in plain air. When you step into a warm morning shower 12 to 24 hours later, the warm water and steam open your skin pores and moisten those dormant crystals, triggering a fresh 10-minute wave of stinging and redness. Keep showers cool for the first 48 hours after heavy exposure and wash your hair and eyebrows thoroughly with shampoo and cool water while leaning backward so scalp runoff does not hit your face.
Can exposure to tear gas or pepper spray cause long-term health problems or affect pregnancy or menstruation?
While brief outdoor exposure in healthy individuals generally resolves without permanent injury once properly irrigated, heavy or enclosed-space exposure to CS or CN gas can cause lasting complications, including reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS / persistent asthma-like cough), severe allergic contact dermatitis that flares up days later, and corneal scarring if crystals are rubbed into the eyes. Following large urban deployments, public health surveys have also documented temporary menstrual cycle disruptions (cramping and irregular bleeding) and heightened respiratory stress; pregnant individuals, infants, young children, and older adults should evacuate any area where chemical irritants may be used immediately and consult an obstetrician or physician if exposed.
What should I do if my dog or indoor cat was exposed to tear gas drifting through an window or pepper spray on a walk?
Pets have an extremely acute sense of smell and cannot understand why their eyes and nose are burning, which can cause them to paw frantically at their faces and scratch their own corneas. Immediately move the animal to fresh upwind air and keep them from rubbing their face on the carpet or with their paws. Gently flush your pet's eyes and nasal area with **sterile 0.9% saline solution or lukewarm/cool plain water** using a clean squirt bottle or soaked cotton balls, then bathe their fur coat using cool water and a mild pet shampoo (or gentle Dawn dish soap) while wearing gloves so they do not lick toxic CS or capsaicin residue off their fur later. Contact a veterinarian immediately if the pet shows open-mouth breathing (in cats), persistent coughing, or keeps an eye squinted shut.
Why should I never wear makeup, oil-based sunscreen, moisturizer, or Vaseline if there is a risk of chemical spray exposure?
Both OC pepper spray (oleoresin capsicum) and CS tear gas are **lipophilic (fat- and oil-loving) compounds.** If your face is coated in liquid foundation makeup, oil-based sunscreen, facial lotion, lip gloss, or petroleum jelly (Vaseline), the oily lotion acts like sticky flypaper that catches airborne CS crystals and dissolves capsaicin right into the cream sitting on your skin, holding the burning chemical against your face and making it much harder to wash off with water.
If a tear-gas canister lands near me on the pavement, is it safe to kick it or throw it away?
Never pick up a pyrotechnic tear-gas canister with your bare hands, and never kick a canister whose type you do not recognize. Standard pyrotechnic CS smoke canisters burn internally at **400 to 600 degrees Celsius (750 to 1,100 degrees Fahrenheit)**, hot enough to melt a synthetic glove right into the skin of your palm and cause deep third-degree thermal burns in one second. Even more dangerously, law enforcement agencies also deploy **concussion / flashbang grenades and rubber-pellet "stinger" blast grenades** that look almost identical to smoke canisters on the ground; reaching down to grab a blast grenade as it detonates causes permanent hand amputation, blindness, or fatal shrapnel trauma. Always move away from the canister upwind and put a solid barrier between yourself and the device.
Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶
- Dɔlélenutsitsi Kple Mɔxexe Ðe Enu Dɔwɔƒe (CDC), Dzadzraɖo Kple Wo Ŋuɖoɖo Kpata: Nyateƒenya Siwo Ku Ðe Tsitretsiɖeŋunuwɔlawo Ŋu (CS, CN, kple OC) Kple Atikewɔwɔ Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo (United States)
- Dukɔa ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (NIH) kple Dukɔa ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Ŋuti Agbalẽdzraɖoƒe, Nyatakakamɔnu si me ka mele o na amesiwo wɔa nu kpata (WISER): Tear Gas kple Oleoresin Capsicum Decontamination Protocols (United States)
- United Kingdom Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (UKHSA), CS Spray kple Riot Control Agents: Aɖiŋutinunya ƒe Kpɔɖeŋu, Nudzɔdzɔwo Dzikpɔkpɔ, Kple Ðiƒoƒo Ŋuti Mɔfiame (United Kingdom)
- Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ŋkudɔlélewo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe (AAO), Ŋkuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Kpekpeɖeŋu Gbãtɔ Ŋuti Mɔfiamewo le Atikewo, Aɖatsimɔ̃, Kple Atadi Siwo Wotsɔna Ƒua Nu Ŋu (United States)
- Habɔbɔ si xea mɔ ɖe atikewɔtuwo nu (OPCW) kple Xexeame ƒe Lãmesẽ Habɔbɔ (WHO), Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ kple Nugbagbeviwo ƒe Aʋawɔnuwo ƒe Lãmesẽnyawo: Ʋunyaʋunyawɔwɔ Dzikpɔlawo (Dukɔwo Dome)