Modular PSU Cable Mix-Up: Nusitae Kawo Zazã tso Ŋusẽdɔwɔƒe Bubu Fries Hard Drives kple SSDs¶

Desktop Power Supply Unit (PSU) ƒe ɖɔɖɔɖo alo SATA SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 alo hard drive yeye si ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 tsɔtsɔ kpee to modular power cable si susɔ xɔxɔ tso drawer me alo nàgblẽ wò PSU xoxoa ƒe ka siwo woɖo ɖe mɔ dzi la ɖe kotokua me nye vodada siwo gblẽa nu wu le PC tutu me la dometɔ ɖeka. Ne èzi elektrikŋusẽ ƒe abɔta dzi kple modular PSU ka si mesɔ o si wotsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, zi geɖe la, àse click si le ɖaɖɛ ɖeka tso elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a gbɔ kple zero boot, alo akpɔ dzudzɔ ʋeʋẽe aɖe si le dodom tso wò SATA hard drives, RGB fan hubs, alo AIO liquid cooler controller me, eye SATA drive ɖesiaɖe si do ƒome kplii la bu le BIOS la me.

Esia dzɔna elabena PSU-afã pinout si nye modular ŋusẽ kawo MENYE dzidzenu le PC dɔwɔƒea katã. Togbɔ be ka ɖesiaɖe ƒe akpa ƒe nuwuwu (15-pin SATA plug, 24-pin motherboard plug, alo 8-pin PCIe GPU plug) zɔna ɖe ATX kple Serial ATA ƒe dzidzenu sesẽwo dzi hã la, 6-pin, 8-pin, alo 18+10-pin sockets siwo le megbe na elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a ŋutɔ ** la ƒe ka to vovo to Corsair, Seasonic, EVGA, Asus, Cooler Master, be ɖoɖoezizi, kple Thermaltake, eye ɣeaɖewoɣi gɔ̃ hã la, wotoa vovo le dzidzime eve dome tso adzɔnu ɖeka (abe Corsair Type 3 vs. Type 4, alo EVGA SuperNOVA G2 vs. GQ ene). Seasonic alo EVGA modular SATA ka tsɔtsɔ de Corsair PSU me (alo eƒe akpa bubu) naa ** .+12V keteke si ŋu ŋusẽ le ŋutɔ yi ɖe +5V logic rail (alo swaps +5V kple Ground), si ɖoa volt 12 ɖe SSD-mɔ̃ siwo ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 5 siwo le bɔbɔe kple hard drive motor chips me.

Ne wò PC le atama nom vevie, le dzo dam, alo le plastik ƒe ʋeʋẽ si le bibim ɖem la, ɖe AC ka la enumake eye nàƒo ka na wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ bliboa me, 999 le United Kingdom; kpɔ xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata) ne dzo gakpɔtɔ li. Ne menye nenema o la, dze míaƒe... PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR kadodo melt, kple elektrik dzobibi ʋeʋẽ le PC fia afɔɖoƒe, hard drive ƒe kpododonu kple nyatakakawo gbugbɔgaxɔ, kple gbagbã tempered glass PC axadzinukpɔmɔ̃ kple dzikedzo megbe ƒutsotsoewo didi kpe ɖe afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe ƒe TVS diode xɔname ƒe ɖoɖo si le ete ŋu be nàdzra wò faɛl siwo womate ŋu aɖɔli o ɖo.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. DZUDZƆ PC ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe abɔta teti, trɔ megbe PSU ƒe ʋuƒoa ɖe O (Tsi), eye nàɖe AC gli ka la ɖa. Ne wò elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ yeyea wɔ ga click ɖeka eye wògbe be yemaʋu o la, eƒe ememe Short Circuit Protection (SCP) le wò kɔmpiuta ɖem tso dzo me elabena ka si mesɔ o la ƒo tɔdzisasrã +12V/ .+5V be Ground, alo vɔsa Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) diode si le wò hard drive ƒe circuit board dzi si wotsɔ ƒo ƒu wòzu kpui kuku. Ne èzi elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzesi dzi enuenu la, ate ŋu aƒo to ametakpɔnu si le kpuie la ŋu eye wòatɔ dzo do aɖe to ʋua ƒe nutome sue takpekpea me.
2. Ðe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a kple akpa ɖesiaɖe si le PC la me eye nàɖee ɖa. Mègasusu ka siwo tso PSU xoxoa me kple esiwo tso aɖaka yeyea me gbeɖe o. Ðe elektrikka siwo le eme ƒe alafa memama 100 le nuɖazea me (24-pin ATX, . 8-pin EPS CPU, . 8-pin PCIe GPU, kple 6-pin SATA/Molex) eye nàlé ŋku ɖe plastik-kaƒomɔ̃ ƒe xɔwo ŋu be wotre model ƒe dzesiwo (abe Corsair ene) hã Type 4, Ɣeyiɣi ƒe ɣeyiɣiwo me tɔ RT- Series, alo EVGA, alo EVGA PERIF / VGA).
3. Tsɔ SATA hard drive siwo ƒe didime nye inch 3.5, SATA SSD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 2.5, RGB/fan hubs siwo zãa SATA, kple AIO liquid cooler pumps siwo zãa SATA hafi nàgado PC la kpɔ ake. Mesɔ o 6-pin Peripheral/SATA kawoe nye akpa vovovoawo wula xexlẽme ɖeka elabena wotsɔa elektrikŋusẽ vovovo etɔ̃ (+12V, . +5V, kple +3.3V) le axadzi Ground le 6-pin block si womeɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu o me. De dzesii be M.2 NVMe SSD siwo wotsɔ bolted bla ɖe motherboard la ŋu tẽ la nɔa agbe ɣesiaɣi kloe le SATA ka ƒe tsakatsaka me.
4. Mègatsɔ elektrikŋusẽa de elektrikŋusẽ me gbeɖe o 8-pin EPS (CPU) ka la yi ɖe an 8-pin PCIe (GPU) socket (alo vice versa), ne wozi edzi gɔ̃ hã. Togbɔ be wo ame evea siaa zãa xɔ si le dzogoe ene me si ƒe didime nye pin 8 hã la, woƒe polarity nye 100 le alafa me trɔ: le an 8-pin EPS CPU kadodo, fli si le etame (klip ƒe akpa) nye +12V eye fli si le ete la nye Ground, evɔ le an 8-pin PCIe GPU connector, fli si le etame la nye Ground eye fli si le ete la nye +12V.
5. Dzro Printed Circuit Board (PCB) si le ete si le hard drive si ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 alo SATA SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 la me kpɔ be dzesi aɖe le bibim le 15-pin SATA power connector gbɔ hafi nàtsɔ ʋua aƒu gbe. Desktop 3.5-inch hard drive (Western Digital, Seagate, Toshiba) katã kloe kple SSD geɖe siwo ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 la dometɔ eve le eme ameyibɔ suesuesue siwo le dzogoe ene me TVS takpɔnu diodes (5V kple 12V) le SATA ƒe ŋusẽ sika asibidɛwo megbe tututu. Ne wotsɔ 12V ƒoe le 5V pin la dzi la, 5V TVS diode la ɖoe koŋ ƒuna zua a 0.0-ohm short circuit be wòagbã wò PSU eye wòakpɔ wò platters kple data ta.
6. Hafi nàtsɔ modular ka ɣaɣla ɖesiaɖe aƒo ƒu ɖe ʋu alo GPU ŋu la, tsɔ Digital Multimeter kpɔ pinout voltages dzi esime wotsɔ ka la de PSU la me KO. Mègaka ɖe edzi gbeɖe be ka eve ƒe dzedzeme sɔ le gota o; 18AWG ka siwo le eme la tsoa abɔta yibɔa me enuenu le afisi màte ŋu akpɔ wo le o.

Nyametsotso ƒe ati: Modular PSU ka tsakatsaka kple kuku SATA ʋu triage¶

Dze dzesidemɔ sia dzi enumake ne èkpɔe be yetsaka modular PSU kawo alo ne PC yeye si wodo ɖe ŋgɔ la tsi alo do kpo SATA ʋuwo kpɔkpɔ vɔ megbe.

flowchart TD
    A["Modular PSU Cable Mix-Up Occurred (Dzra ka xoxowo ɖo le nɔnɔme me alo wozã spare cable tso drawer)"] --> B["Enumake trɔ PSU switch ɖe OFF (O), ɖe AC gli ka, eye nàɖe modular kaawo KAtã le PC la me"]
    B --> C{"Modular ka kawoe wotsaka?"}
    C -->|"6-Pin SATA / Molex Gome Kaƒoƒo Ko"| D["Ðe HDD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 3.5, SATA SSD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 2.5, AIO pɔmpi SATA kakɛwo, kple RGB hubwo katã ɖa"]
    C -->|"24-Pin Dada, 8-Pin CPU, alo 8-Pin PCIe GPU Kawo"| E["De 100% ka vavã siwo va aɖaka la me kple PSU ƒe kpɔɖeŋu SIA tututu -> Kpɔ motherboard & GPU ɖa be VRM ƒe ʋeʋẽ si wotɔ dzoe hã"]
    D --> F["Do ka kple 24-pin ATX kple 8-pin CPU ka vavãwo KO tso PSU si li fifia me -> Boot yi BIOS me kple M.2 NVMe drive koe woda ɖe eme"]
    E --> F
    F --> G{"Ðe PC dzea egɔme dzadzɛ yia BIOS me ne woɖe ka vavãwo kple SATA dɔwɔnuwo ɖaa?"}
    G -->|"Ẽ: Motherboard, CPU, RAM, GPU, kple M.2 NVMe le DEDIENƆNƆ"| H["Dodokpɔ kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe SATA HDD/SSD dzi le USB-to-SATA adapter dzi alo lé ŋku ɖe drive PCB ŋu kple Multimeter le Continuity/Ohm mode me"]
    G -->|"AO: Egakpɔtɔ le click off alo eku"| I["Ðe GPU ɖa eye nàdo PSU le eɖokui si (Pin 16 na Pin 17 jumper) -> Kpɔe ɖa be motherboard 5VSB/3.3V ketekemɔa le kpuie hã"]
    H --> J{"Nukae dzɔna ne wole SATA HDD / SSD si ŋu wògblẽ nu le la dom kpɔ?"}
    J -->|"PSU tsia ne wotsɔ ʋua de eme, ALOO Multimeter ƒoa 0.0 Ohms le +5V/+12V pins kple Ground dome"| K["SACRIFICIAL TVS DIODE SHORTED BE WOAÐE WÒ NYATAKAKAWO DZRAÐOƑE: Ðe TVS diode si le kpuie ɖa (eye nàɖɔli 0-ohm fuse resistor si ƒo ne eʋu) ALOO nàɖɔli PCB kple 8-pin BIOS ROM chip si wotsɔ yi teƒe bubu"]
    J -->|"Drive MELE PSU ƒom o, gake enɔa anyi kuku keŋkeŋ alo controller chip xɔa dzo dzodzoe (>80C) ."| L["5V PMIC alo Marvell / SiliconMotion Dziɖula Fried: Na 3.5-inch HDD, wɔ PCB + 8-pin ROM tɔtrɔ; na 2.5-inch SSD, lé ŋku ɖe eFuse/capacitor si wotsɔ de eme ŋu alo nàɖoe ɖe cleanroom lab"]

Akpa 1: Nusita modular PSU kawo mele ɖoɖo nu o (The engineering trap) .¶

Kwasiɖa sia kwasiɖa la, IT dɔwɔla bibiwo kple PC tutulawo zi gbãtɔ bu ƒomea ƒe fotowo, videodɔwo, kple dɔwɔɖoɖo ƒe ʋuwo ƒe terabyte ɖe mɔ̃ ɖeka ma ke me: woɖɔlia modular elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃, kpɔe be yevu si li xoxo la 6-pin SATA kple 8-pin PCIe kawo le zip-bla xoxo nyuie le motherboard tray megbe, eye wotsɔ ka xoxoawo de PSU yeyea ƒe megbe tẽ elabena plastik-kadodoawo sɔ nyuie kple safui ƒe nɔnɔme mawo ke tututu.

1. Kpeɖeŋutɔ-afã dzidzenu vs. PSU-afã anarchy¶

Le kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo si wowɔna le kplɔ̃ dzi me la, nɔnɔme eve siwo to vovo ye kpɔa elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe kawo dzi: 1. Akpa ƒe Nuwuwu (100% Standardized Xexeame Katã): - 24-pin ATX motherboard kadodo, 4+4-pin EPS12V CPU kadodo, 6+2-pin PCIe GPU kadodo, 16-pin 12VHPWR / 12V-2x6 kadodo, kple 15-pin SATA ŋusẽ kadodoa nye esiwo woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu vevie to Intel ATX Design Guides, PCI-SIG, . kple Serial ATA Dukɔwo Dome Habɔbɔ (SATA-IO). - Le 15-pin SATA plug si ƒua du yia wò SSD alo hard drive me dzi la: - Pin 1, 2, 3: . +3.3V DC (Orange le domenyinu ƒe amadede ƒe kɔpi me) - Pin 4, 5, 6: . COM / Ground (Yibᴐ) - Pin 7, 8, 9: ** Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.+5V DC** (Dzĩ, naa ŋusẽ 100% na SATA SSD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 kple HDD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 ƒe logic board) - Pin 10, 11, 12: Ƒe 1999 me. COM / Ground (Yibᴐ) - Pin 13, 14, 15: +12V DC (Dzĩ, etrɔa mɔ̃ si wotsɔna ƒoa HDD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 3.5) 2. Ŋusẽ Nana Modular Backplane Nuwuwu (ZERO Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Dzidzenu): - Intel ATX 3.0/3.1 alo dukɔwo dome habɔbɔ aɖeke megblɔ alesi wòle be woatsɔ ka aƒo ka na 6-pin, 8-pin, 10-pin, alo 18-pin sockets siwo le ememe modular PCB si le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a me o. - Ŋusẽnana ƒe adzɔnuwo wɔa nubabla kple Dɔwɔnu Gbãtɔwo (OEMs) vovovowo abe Seasonic, CWT (Channel Well Technology), Great Wall, Super Flower, FSP, kple HEC ene. - OEM ɖesiaɖe ɖoa akɔbli ƒe dzesiwo ɖe eƒe modular output board dzi le mɔ vovovowo nu. Pin 1 le 6-pin peripheral socket si le PSU Brand A ate ŋu ado +12V, esime Pin 1 le PSU Brand B ƒe dodokpɔwo ƒe 6-pin peripheral socket si ƒe dzedzeme sɔ kple wo nɔewo dzi +5V alo Ground.

2. Xexeame ŋutɔŋutɔ PSU pinout masɔmasɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo (Le adzɔnu ɖeka ma ke me gɔ̃ hã)¶

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Akpa 2: Alesi 12V-to-5V ƒe ʋuʋu kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe HDD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 dzi tsɔ wu SSD siwo ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 tsɔ wu M.2 NVMe¶

Ne modular SATA ka si mesɔ o zɔ mɔ +12V yi ɖe eme +5V pins (alo reverses polarity), wò nyatakakawo ƒe agbetsitsi ŋutɔŋutɔ nɔ te ɖe form factor kple ememe takpɔkpɔ circuit si le storage drive ɖesiaɖe me dzi:

1. M.2 NVMe SSDs (Bolted tẽe ɖe motherboard me M.2 slots): . 99% Agbetsitsi ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme¶

• Nusita wotsia agbe: M.2 NVMe ʋuwo mezãa modular SATA ŋusẽ kawo o. Wota nu +3.3V DC tso motherboard la ƒe PCIe M.2 slot, ɖiɖi tso 24-pin ATX ka to motherboard ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ɖoɖowɔlawo dzi. Ne ɖeko nètsaka a 6-pin SATA/Molex cable, wò M.2 NVMe ʋuwo nye esiwo ŋu womeka asi o.

2. 3.5-Inch Mɔ̃ɖaŋu SATA Hard Drives (WD, Seagate, Toshiba): 95% Nyatakakawo ƒe Agbetsitsi ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme (PCB / TVS Diode Xɔname) .¶

• Alesi wowɔa ʋuae: Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe hard drive si ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 la ƒe akpa eve le vovo**: ga si wotre nu na Hard Disk Assembly (HDA) si me agbawo kple taawo le, kple gotagome amadede dzẽ alo blɔ Printed Circuit Board (PCB) si wotsɔ ga ƒo ɖe ʋua ƒe gota le ete kple Torx 5 va ɖo 7 (T6 alo T8) ƒe gaviwo.
• The Sacrificial Crowbar Action: Le megbe tututu le 15-pin SATA ŋusẽ kadodo le gota PCB bɔbɔ nɔ vɔsa akpa eve le evea siaa +5V kple +12V ketekemɔwo: Zero-Ohm Fuse Resistor si kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo, kple Transient Voltage Suppression (TVS) Diode si wotsɔ ka bla ɖe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a dome (+5V alo +12V) kple Ground. Microsecond la ƒe ɣeyiɣia +12V ƒoe ɖe +5V input pin, si nye 5-volt TVS diode (clamping le 6.4V to 6.8V) ɖoe koŋ tɔa eƒe silicon ƒe kadodo ememetɔ wòzua nusi nɔa anyi ɖaa 0.0-ohm dead short circuit to Ground (eye zi geɖe la, eʋua zero-ohm fuse resistor si te ɖe eŋu la ʋuʋu).
• Emetsonu: Nutoa me kpui sia si woɖoe koŋ wɔ la gbãa wò elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a ƒe Ʋuƒo Kpuie Takpɔkpɔ (SCP), lãɖeɖe ŋusẽ le 1 millisecond hafi 12V ƒe ƒutsotsoea nate ŋu aɖo magnetic platters alo preamplifier le sealed drive enclosure la me. Wò faɛl siwo le agbaawo dzi la me gblẽ o 100 le alafa me; koe nye be $0.50 TVS diode (alo gotagome PCB) gblẽ.

3. SATA SSD siwo ƒe didime nye Inch 2.5 (Samsung 870 EVO, MX500 Vevietɔ, WD Blu, Kingston): 50% to 75% Agbetsitsi ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme¶

• Alesi wowɔ ʋuae: SATA SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 zãa ** .+5V rail** (Pins 7, 8, 9) eye ememe dzesi aɖeke mele eŋu si do ƒome kple +12V ketekemɔ (Pin 13, 14, 15). Ne ka ƒe vodadaa kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe... +12V pins, SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 tsi agbe nuvevi aɖeke mawɔmawɔe.
• Nukae adzɔ ne +12V ƒoe ɖe +5V pins (Pin 7, 8, 9): .
  • Samsung (850/860/870 EVO/PRO), Intel, kple Crucial (MX500) SSDs dometɔ aɖewoe nye input eFuse / Over-Voltage Protection (OVP) dziɖula IC alo 5V TVS diode + SMD capacitor bank le SATA ŋusẽ pins xa. Ne wotsɔ 12V ƒoe la, input TVS diode alo capacitor la tsia kpuie, alo eFuse la ʋuna, si kpɔa NAND flash chips siwo le afisi wò data le la ta.
  • Gazazã ƒe DRAM-manɔsitɔ 2.5-inch SSDs ɣeaɖewoɣi nuɖuɖu +5V tẽe yi ɖe Power Management Integrated Circuit (PMIC) me, si bia be woaɖɔli micro-soldering le PMIC la me be wòaxlẽ NAND ƒe keklẽa.

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Akpa 3: Afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe multimeter diagnostic kple TVS diode xɔname ɖoɖowɔɖi¶

Ne wò SATA hard drive si ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 alo SATA SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 megadzena le BIOS me o (alo ena PC ƒe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a tsina ɣesiaɣi si wodoe ɖe eme) le modular cable mix-up megbe la, mègaxe fe o $1,500 na cleanroom platter recovery hafi awɔ aɖabaƒoƒo 5 ƒe PCB check sia.

Afɔɖeɖe 1: Nukpɔkpɔ kple ʋeʋẽ ƒe ŋkuléle ɖe ʋu PCB ŋu¶

1. Ne woɖe ʋua ɖa le PC la ŋu la, ɖe Torx sue si ƒe lolome nye 4 va ɖo 7 (T6 alo T8) screws siwo léa green/blue circuit board (PCB) la ɖe hard drive si ƒe didime nye inch 3.5 la gɔme eye nàtrɔ PCB la blewuu. (Le SSD si ƒe didime nye inch 2.5 dzi la, ʋu casing screws alo clips 4 la.)
2. Tsɔ akaɖi kple ahuhɔ̃e si lolona lé ŋku ɖe akpaawo ŋu nyuie le sentimeta 2 (inch 0.8) me tso 15-pin SATA power gold fingers gbɔ:
   • Di afɔ eve ƒe lãgbalẽ sue yibɔ siwo le dzogoe ene me siwo wode dzesii le ʋuƒoa dzi kple ** .D1, . D2, . D3, . D4, . TVS, . 5V, alo 12V** (zi geɖe la, wotsɔa kɔda siwo le abe AE, . KE, . LG, . 6V8, . SMAJ5.0A, alo SMBJ12A).
   • Di do sue aɖe, gbagbãƒe, alo dzudzɔ ɣie le... 5V TVS diode alo sue si te ɖe eŋu R / . F fuse ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋula.

Afɔɖeɖe 2: Do 5V kple 12V TVS diodewo kpɔ kple Digital Multimeter¶

1. Ðo dijitaal multimeter ɖe Mayi edzi / Diode Beep Mode alo 200-Ohm Tsitretsitsi (Ω) mode eye nàka asi nukpɔmɔ̃ eveawo ŋu ɖekae atsɔ aɖo kpe mita ƒe ɖiɖi dzi (0.0 to 0.2 Ohms).
2. Da probe ɖeka ɖe gafɔ ɖeka dzi le 5V TVS diode kple probe bubu si le diode ma ke ƒe gafɔ si tsi tre ɖe eŋu dzi:
   • Healthy Unshorted TVS Diode: Mewɔa MELE beep ɣesiaɣi le mɔ eveawo dzi (xlẽa open loop OL alo 0.5V to 1.5V ɖiɖi ɖe mɔ ɖeka dzi ko).
   • Shorted (Blown) TVS Diode: Multimeter ƒoa ɣli atraɖii le probe ƒe mɔ EVIEWO nu eye wòxlẽa 0.0 to 1.5 Ohms.
3. Gbugbɔ wɔ dodokpɔ si me wozãa nu eve le le ** .12V TVS diode**, emegbe do Zero-Ohm Fuse Resistor sue la kpɔ (0, . 000, . R, . F1, alo F2 le TVS diode la xa tututu): fuse resistor si le lãmesẽ me ƒoa ɣli (0.0 Ohms), gake fuse ƒe tsitretsiɖeŋula si woƒo ya xlẽna be ** .OL (Ʋu Loop)**.

Afɔɖeɖe 3: Dzadzraɖomɔnu si le dedie wu tiatia be nàxɔ wò nyatakakawo enumake¶

Ne wò multimeter nya ɖo kpe TVS diode si le kpuie dzi ko (0.0 Ohms) le wò ʋu PCB dzi la, zã mɔnu eve siwo ŋu kpeɖodzi le siawo dometɔ ɖeka nàtsɔ agbugbɔ ʋua ava Internet dzi eye nàwɔ wò faɛlwo ƒe kɔpi:

1. Mɔnu A: Desolder alo Snip the Shorted TVS Diode (Enumake Emergency Backup):
   • Elabena wotsɔ ka bla TVS diode la le parallel me le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a dome (+5V alo +12V) kple Ground, eƒe dɔ ɖeka koe nye be wòawɔ nu abe surge arrestor ene. TVS diode si le kpuie la ɖeɖeɖa nyuie (alo tsɔ flush micro-cutters lã eƒe gafɔ eveawo dometɔ ɖeka) ɖea kuku kpui si le wo dome la ɖa enumake +5V/ .+12V kple Ground.
   • De dzesii: Ne zero-ohm fuse resistor si te ɖe eŋu hã ʋuʋu (OL), ele be woatsɔ pico-fuse aɖɔlii alo atsɔe aɖo tɔdzisasrã dzi hafi ŋusẽ nate ŋu atso. Ne wonya ɖe diode si wowɔ kpuie la ɖa ko la, zero over-voltage protection nɔa ʋua ŋu vaseɖe esime wòazu yeye $0.50 SMAJ5.0A / . SMBJ12A diode nye soldered on, eyata ɖeko nàtsɔe aƒo ka na 5V/12V PSU ka alo USB dock si ŋu woɖo kpee, si wonya-nyui la be nàwɔ wò faɛlwo ƒe kɔpi enumake.
2. Mɔnu B: Nunala PCB Trɔtrɔ + Sedziwɔwɔ 8-Pin BIOS ROM Chip Trɔtrɔ:
   • Ne mɔ̃dzikpɔmɔ̃a ƒe IC (Smooth alo ROHM chip) hã fiã, ƒle nunala PCB si sɔ to PCB board xexlẽdzesi si tututu woŋlɔ ɖe edzi la sɔsɔ me (abe Western Digital ene 2060-8000xx-001 REV P1 alo Seagate 1008xxxxx).
   • Se Vevi: Màte ŋu** aƒo donor PCB ɖe egbegbe hard drive dzi le eɖokui si ko o. Egbegbe hard drive ɖesiaɖe dzraa dɔwɔƒe ƒe ta-dzidzenu ƒe tɔtrɔ ƒe kplɔ̃ tɔxɛwo ɖo ɖe Afɔ 8 SPI Flash ROM chip (si wode dzesii) me U12 alo 25Qxxx) le PCB gbãtɔa dzi. ele be nàtsɔ ROM chip sue ma si ƒe lolome nye 8-pin tso wò PCB si wotɔ dzoe me ayi PCB si wotsɔ nae la me to ya dzodzoe zazã me (HDD PCB dɔwɔƒe geɖe siwo le Internet dzi la tsɔ ROM transfer service la de eme na... $10 to $15).

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Akpa 4: Alesi woatsɔ multimeter aɖo kpe modular PSU cable pinout ɖesiaɖe dzi hafi atsɔe ade hardware me¶

Ne aɖaka si me mixed black modular PSU cables le le asiwò eye mèka ɖe edzi 100 le alafa me be ka si nye wò elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ si li fifia tɔ o la, mèga "doe kpɔ to hard drive xoxo aɖe dede eme me gbeɖe o." Ke boŋ, ƒu du 3-Minute No-Component Multimeter Pinout Verification sia:

1. Tsɔ PSU la ɖa le kɔmpiuta ƒe akpawo katã ŋu (ɖe 24-pin, CPU, GPU, kple SATA kaawo ɖa le motherboard, graphics card, kple drivewo ŋu).
2. Do 24-pin ATX ka kple si wosusu be modular ka (abe 6-pin SATA ka alo 8-pin PCIe ka) ɖe PSU ƒe socketwo me.
3. Trɔ PSU la ɖe eɖokui si to 24-pin PSU Jumper Block (tɔdzisasrã Pin 16 zazã me PS_ON# yi Pin 17 dzi Ground, abe alesi wogblɔe tsitotsito le PSU capacitor pop kple elektrik dzobibi ʋeʋẽ le PC).
4. Ðo wò Digital Multimeter ɖe ** .20V DC (Tɔtrɔ Fifia ƒe Voltage)**.
5. Lé Ameyibɔ (COM) probe le eme ɖesiaɖe si wonya Ground do ɖe 24-pin connector (abe Pin 17 ene), eye nàka asi Red (V) probe yi contact pins siwo le component end si le ka si ŋu wole ɖi kem le la dzi:

Component-end voltage verification table (Nusi WÒLE BE wò multimeter naxlẽ)¶

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Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

Ne modular cable short circuit na elektrik-dzo, plastic dzudzɔ si le ʋeʋẽm, alo ka siwo xɔ dzo le wò kɔmpiuta PC me, alo ne èhiã na adzɔnuwo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti nyatakaka si ŋu woɖo kpee la, zã nutome ƒe dɔwɔnu siwo le ete:

United States kple Canada¶

• Emergency Fire Dispatch: Ƒo ka na 911 enumake ne dzobibi alo dzudzɔ si le dɔ wɔm yi edzi le AC ŋusẽ ɖeɖeɖa vɔ megbe.
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Gblẽƒe Ŋuti Nyatakaka: Le United States la, ka nya ta tso ame etɔ̃lia ƒe modular ka alo elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo mele dedie o siwo si Short Circuit Protection mele o ŋu (SCP) yi U.S. Nuƒlelawo ƒe Adzɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Dɔwɔha (CPSC) le ** .SaferProducts.gov** alo 1-800-638-2772. Le Canada la, gblɔe na Health Canada Consumer Product Safety alo wò nutome elektrik dedienɔnɔ dɔwɔƒe (ESA le Ontario).

United Kingdom¶

• Dzotsidɔ Kpata: Ƒo ka na 999 (alo 112).
• Elektrik Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nyatakaka: Ka nya ta tso ame etɔ̃lia ƒe elektrikka siwo mele dedie o alo PSU adapter aʋatso ŋu na Dukɔmeviwo ƒe Aɖaŋuɖoɖo Nuƒlelawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (0808 223 1133) / nutoa me Asitsatsa ƒe Dzidzenuwo, eye nàkpɔ Elektrik Dedienɔnɔ Gbãtɔ (electricalsafetyfirst.org.uk).

Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha¶

• Pan-European Emergency Number: Ƒo ka na 112 na dzo alo atikewɔwɔ kpata le EU dukɔwo katã me.
• EU Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Agbo (RAPEX): Kpɔ alo ka nya ta tso PC ƒe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ kple ka siwo mewɔ ɖeka kple sewo o ŋu to Europa Dɔwɔha dzi Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Agbo Nuxlɔ̃ame Kabakaba ƒe Ðoɖo (ec.europa.eu/safety-gate) le EU ƒe Mɔfiame si nye Low Voltage (2014/35/EU).

Australia kple New Zealand¶

• Dzotsidɔ Kpata: Ƒo ka na 000 le Australia alo 111 le New Zealand.
• Sededewo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Nyatakaka: Kpɔ egbɔ be Sedziwɔwɔ ƒe Dzesi (RCM) le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃wo dzi to ERAC dzi eye nàgblɔ elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo mele dedie o na ACCC (ProductSafety.gov.au) le Australia alo WorkSafe New Zealand (Ŋusẽ ƒe Dedienɔnɔ).

India kple Asia-Pacific-ƒukpowo dzi¶

• India: Ƒo ka na 112 alo 101 (Dzo). Kpɔe ɖa be elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo wotsɔna ɖoa kplɔ̃ dzi tsɔa Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS CRS IS 13252 / IEC 62368-1) ŋkɔ ŋɔŋlɔ.
• Singapore & Japan: Le Singapore la, ƒo ka na 995 (SCDF) eye nàkpɔe ɖa be Dɔwɔƒe Singapore hã le eme SAFETY Mark. Le Japan la, yɔ 119 (Dzo) eye nàɖo kpe METI la dzi PSE dzesi le PC ƒe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃wo katã dzi.

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Ðe nye PSU wɔla ƒe mɔɖegbalẽ xea mɔ na nye hard drive alo SSD siwo wofli ne mezã modular ka siwo tso elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ bubu me le vo mea?¶

Ao, PSU dɔwɔƒe gã ɖesiaɖe (Corsair, Seasonic, EVGA, Asus, zi ɖoɖoe, Cooler Master, Thermaltake) gblɔ le eƒe mɔɖegbalẽ ƒe nyawo me be modular ka siwo womeŋlɔ ɖe eƒe Cable Compatibility Chart si dziɖuɖua da asi ɖo dzi o zazã ɖea nugblẽfexexe ɖe akpa siwo le anyime ƒe nugbegblẽ ta. Ne èzã ka si dziɖuɖua da asi ɖo si woŋlɔ ɖi tẽ na wò PSU ƒe nɔnɔme tututu eye dɔwɔƒe ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ ƒe gbegblẽ gblẽ wò ʋuwo dome la, PSU wɔla ƒe mɔɖegbalẽ ƒe ɖoɖoa ate ŋu axe xɔtunuawo ne èdzra PSU kple ka siaa ɖo hena ŋkuléle ɖe eŋu.

Nukatae nye PC gbe be yemaʋu kple "click" gbeɖiɖi ɖeka o esi metsɔ SATA ka si mesɔ o de eme, eye ɖe click ma gblẽ nye motherboard la mea?¶

Ga ƒe ʋuʋu ɖeka ma nye nya nyui aɖe na wò motherboard, CPU, kple graphics card. Enye wò elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe ememe Short Circuit Protection (SCP) relay ƒe gbeɖiɖi si ʋu le milisekɔnd 1 va ɖo 2 me elabena ka si mesɔ o la do ka kple voltage rail kple Ground alo na TVS takpɔnu diode si wotsɔ sa vɔe si le wò hard drive dzi la ƒo ƒu zu 0.0-ohm short circuit. Esi wònye be SCP tsia elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a enumake kloe ta la, nuvevi aɖeke mewɔa wò motherboard, CPU, RAM, GPU, kple M.2 NVMe SSDwo le nɔnɔme siwo wu 95 le alafa me me ne ènya ɖe ka si mesɔ o kple SATA drive si le kpuie la ɖa ko.

Ne meɖe 5V TVS diode si le kpuie la le nye hard drive ƒe circuit board dzi alo ɖe solder ɖa be maxɔ nye faɛlwo la, ɖe wòle dedie be mayi edzi anɔ hard drive ma zãm tegbeea?¶

Bu TVS diode si le kpuie ɖeɖeɖa ŋu vevie abe ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe nyatakakawo ɖeɖe kpata ƒe afɔɖeɖe ene, ke menye be wòanye eɖɔɖɔɖo si anɔ anyi ɖaa o. Ne wonya ɖe 5V alo 12V TVS diode la ɖa le nutome suea ƒe ʋuƒoa ŋu ko la, ʋua wɔa dɔ le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ dzadzɛ aɖe dzi, gake dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔ̃ si me elektrikŋusẽ si gbɔ eme le la meganɔa eŋu ne elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu le etsɔme o. Ne ʋua trɔ yi dzi teti la, kɔ wò faɛlwo ƒe alafa memama 100 ɖe ʋu yeye si woatsɔ adzrae ɖo dzi; be nàyi edzi anɔ hard drive si wodzra ɖo la zãm le ema megbe la, tsɔ ga ƒo TVS diode yeye si wotu ɖe anyigba dzi (`SMAJ5.0A` na 5V alo `SMBJ12A` na 12V) ɖe pads la dzi.

Ðe ame etɔ̃lia ƒe ka kekeɖenudzraɖoƒe siwo wobla (abe CableMod alo AsiaHorse kekeɖenudɔwo ene) le dedie be woazã le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ ƒe adzɔnu ɖesiaɖe mea?¶

Vovototo vevi aɖe le "Modular Replacement Cable" (si ƒoa ka tẽ ɖe socket siwo menye dzidzenu o siwo le elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃a ƒe megbe) kple "Universal Cable Extension" (si gena ɖe wò PSU ƒe ka gbãtɔwo ƒe akpa si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu xoxo ƒe nuwuwu) dome. Universal 24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS CPU, kple 8-pin PCIe GPU kekeɖenudɔ kawo nye 1-to-1 pass-to kekeɖenudɔwɔwɔ siwo kpena ɖe dzidzenu ƒe akpa ƒe nuwuwu, eyata wowɔa dɔ le PSU ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe me. Modular ka siwo wotsɔ ɖɔa li wo nɔewo siwo ƒe didime katã le PSU ƒe xɔa me tẽ la nye esiwo ku ɖe mɔ̃a ŋu koŋ eye woagblẽ xɔtunuwo dome ne wozã wo le PSU si mesɔ o dzi.

Ðe modular SATA ka tsakatsaka hã ate ŋu aɖa nye AIO tsi CPU fafɛ pɔmpi alo RGB fan dziɖula hub?¶

Ẽ. Egbegbe All-in-One (AIO) tsi CPU fafamɔ̃wo kple ARGB fan hubs katã kloe hea +12V na pɔmpi/fan mɔ̃wo kple +5V na RGB LED siwo woate ŋu aɖo adrɛs (`WS2812B`) kple microcontroller to 15-pin SATA elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ dzi. Ne modular SATA ka si mesɔ o ɖo +12V ɖe +5V ketekemɔa me la, etɔa dzo 5V ƒe ɖoɖowɔla si le RGB hub la me eye wòtɔa 5V ARGB LED-awo. Ne wò CPU ƒe dzoxɔxɔ dzi ɖe edzi va ɖo 100 degree Celsius le boot me le ka ƒe tsakatsaka megbe la, wò AIO pɔmpi dzikpɔla gblẽ le SATA ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ʋuʋu ta (kpɔ míaƒe mɔfiame si ku ɖe PC ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si sɔ gbɔ akpa kple tsi fafɛ ƒe sisi si wowɔ ɖe ɖoɖo nu ŋu).

Ke ne metsɔ 24-pin ATX motherboard ka alo 8-pin CPU ka tsaka le PSU ƒe adzɔnu vovovo eve dome ya ɖe?¶

Togbɔ be egbegbe motherboards kple graphics cards si input inductors kple VRM MOSFETs siwo si short-circuit protection le si zi geɖe la, PSU ƒe SCP la gbã hafi afɔku gã aɖe gblẽ (vevietɔ ne woɖɔli 8-pin CPU cable kple 8-pin PCIe cable, si wɔ 12V-to-Ground short), 24-pin ATX cable tsakatsaka ate ŋu aɖo +12V ɖe la me motherboard ƒe +5VSB alo +3.3V chipset ketekemɔwo. Ðe ka siwo katã mesɔ o la ɖa, de ka vavã siwo kpe ɖe wò PSU ŋu la eme, kɔ CMOS batri la ŋu hena sɛkɛnd 60, eye nàdo abolomeƒe ƒe ɖoɖo suetɔ kekeake kpɔ.

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Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Intel Corporation (United States): ATX Version 3.0 kple ATX Version 3.1 Multi-Rail Power Supply Design Guide (Dzidzenu akpa-afã 24-pin ATX, 8-pin EPS12V, kple 15-pin SATA voltage mɔɖeɖewo vs. unstandardized OEM modular backplane ƒomedodowo, kpe ɖe eŋu SCP kple OVP mɔzɔzɔ ŋuti nyatakakawo).
• Serial ATA Dukɔwo Dome Habɔbɔ (SATA-IO, Dukɔwo Dome): Serial ATA Revision 3.5 Elektrikŋusẽ kple 15-Pin Ŋusẽ Kadodo ƒe Nɔnɔme (Pin 1-3 +3.3V, Pin 4-6 lia dzi GND, Pin 7-9 lia dzi +5V, Pin 10-12 lia dzi GND, Pin 13-15 lia dzi +12V dɔdasiwo kple hot-plug precharge kadodo ƒe didimewo).
• Corsair Memory, Inc. & Seasonic Electronics Co., Ltd.: Dziɖuɖua ƒe PSU Modular Ka ƒe Sɔsɔ Matrices (Corsair Type 3 / Type 4 / Type 5 kple Seasonic Focus / Prime / Vertex Pinout ƒe Nuŋlɔɖiwo).
• Littelfuse, Inc. & Vishay Intertechnology: *Ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe nutete (TVS) Diode ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe nuŋlɔɖiwo (SMAJ5.0A / . SMBJ12A Crowbar Kpuie-Circuit Clamping Nuwɔna le Nudzraɖoƒe Ʋu Ŋusẽ Rails) *.
• Agbalẽŋlɔlawo ƒe Nudokpɔƒewo (UL) & Dukɔwo Dome Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Dɔwɔha (IEC): UL/IEC 62368-1 Odio/Video, Nyatakaka kple Kadodomɔnu Dɔwɔnuwo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Nudidiwo.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR kadodo melt, kple elektrik dzobibi ʋeʋẽ le PC
• Gbagbã tempered glass PC axadzinukpɔmɔ̃ kple dzikedzo megbe ƒutsotsoe ƒe dɔlélewo didi
• Custom PC ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si gbɔ eme kple tsi fafɛ ƒe sisi
• Hard drive ƒe kpododonu kple nyatakakawo gbugbɔgaxɔ
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woatsɔ awɔ nudzɔdzɔ kpatawoe