Ɣe ƒe Dzoxɔxɔ Dzikpɔla MPPT Over-Voltage Fry le Sub-Zero Vuvɔ, Voc Dzoxɔxɔ Coefficient Akɔntabubu, kple BMS Low-Temp Charge Lockout¶

Ne èzɔ yi wò xɔ si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o, ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe xɔ, camper van, alo aƒe sue aɖe me le dzomeŋɔli ŋdi si me kɔ abe kristalo ene, si mede zero o me le 07:30 be nàse elektrɔnikmɔ̃ siwo wotɔ dzoe ƒe ʋeʋẽ, akpɔ screen kuku alo ** ."Error #20 / PV Over-Voltage"** le wò Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ dzikpɔla ( .Victron SmartSolar, Renogy Rover, MidNite Classic, Epever, OutBack FM80, or EG4/Sol-Ark hybrid inverter), eye nàdi wò ** .LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate)** batri gadzraɖoƒe wotu le 0 Amps ƒe charge nye dzomeŋɔli ƒe nudzɔdzɔ kpata siwo gblẽa nu wu eye womese egɔme nyuie o le elektrikŋusẽ si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o me la dometɔ ɖeka. Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya ƒe se eve siwo le wo ɖokui si la ƒoa wo nɔewo le dzomeŋɔli ƒe ŋdi si me tsikpe xɔdzo le: (1) To vovo na elektrikmɔ̃ bubu ɖesiaɖe kloe la, silicon photovoltaic (PV) ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃wo naa HIGHER voltage ɖedzesi aɖe ne wole vuvɔ wɔm (rising by 0.30% to 0.40% for every 1°C drop below 25°C / 77°F), kple (2) Lithium Iron Phosphate ( .LiFePO4) batri ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo kpea fu le ga si wotsɔ blaa lithium si womate ŋu atrɔ o ne wodo dzo ɖe ete 0°C (32°F), si zi woƒe Batriwo Dzikpɔkpɔ ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo si le wo me dzi (BMS) be nàʋu charge MOSFETs ( .Low-Temperature Charge Protection - LTCP).

Ne nudzɔdzɔ eve mawo dzɔ le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me le ɣedzeƒe le a -25°C (-13°F) ŋdi, wò tsikpe LiFePO4 batri BMS xea mɔ na fifia ƒe sisi katã (holding the solar array at 100% Open-Circuit Voltage - Voc kple agba zero be wòahe elektrikŋusẽa ɖe anyi), esime vuvɔ si mede zero o kpe ɖe sno-albedo ƒe keklẽ ŋu ʋua ɣe ƒe ka si dzidze dedie 136 Volts le July me tẽ va ɖo ** .163 Volts**, si ƒoa atam enumake to 150V silicon MOSFET dzisasrã si le wò MPPT dziɖunu dzi kple dziɖula la kpuie le dzudzɔ ƒe alilikpo me. Ne ɣe ƒe ŋusẽdzidzenu, inverter, alo lithium batri gadzraɖoƒe si ƒe ŋusẽ gbɔ eme le atama nom, le akasa nu, alo le dzo dam fifia la, do le teƒea enumake eye nàƒo ka na wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, . 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa katã me la, . 999 le United Kingdom, . 000 le Australia) alo nàbia gbee xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata. Ne èdi elektrikŋusẽ kple dzomeŋɔli ƒe nɔnɔme kpata siwo me elektrikŋusẽ mele o siwo do ƒome kplii la, kpɔ off-grid inverter overload, dzobibi charge controller, kple 12V / 24V / 48V batri gadzraɖoƒe kpuie, . ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ, tsi, kple gbeɖuɖɔ siwo mele elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ dzi o ƒe kpododonu, kple elektrik-dzowo.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. NE WÒ ƔE ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU (e.g., Victron Error #19 / #20 / #24, Epever E08, Renogy E08), ZI KPƆ KPƆKPƆ KPƆKPƆ, ALOO ƲUƲU ƲUƲU LE ŊDI SI ME TSI TSITSI: Tsɔ Tarp alo Blanket Dovivi aɖe ƒu gbe ɖe Panel Ðeka Dzi le Series String Ðesiaɖe Me HAFI Nàka asi Breaker alo MC4 Connector Aɖeke Si Womeɖo Dzesidede O Ŋu.
2. MÈGAɖe elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ aɖe le xɔta GBEÐE o MC4 ɣe ƒe kadodo alo ʋu DC breaker si mexɔ asi o si me polarized mele o esime ɣe ƒe keklẽ sesẽ le ƒoƒom ɖe ʋuƒoawo dzi eye elektrikŋusẽ le sisim (or if the MPPT input FETs have shorted together). Tsã-fiã (Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽ) (DC) ɣe ƒe ka siwo le 100V to 500V DC na zero alternating-current zero-tsoƒe si wotso; hehe an MC4 plug ɖe vovo le agba te hea ** si yia edzi ɖaa .3,000°C (5,400°F) plasma arc** si naa plastik-kaƒomɔ̃ si le wò asi si me asigɛ le me la ƒua gbe eye wòtɔa dzo xɔtaxɔwo.
3. Alesi woawɔ awu array voltage dedie le sɛkɛnd 30 me: Ne IMO / MidNite Solar Two-Pole PV Rotary Isolator alo High-Voltage PV Breaker si woɖo nyuie, si ƒe polarized le asiwò la, tsɔe ƒo ɖe OFF. Ne èsusu be wò controller la le kpuie le ememe alo bare koe le asiwò MC4 plugs, tsɔ tarp kpekpe aɖe si me mekɔ o, avɔ si le ʋuʋum, alo kakɛ kakɛ aɖe ƒu gbe gbadzaa le panel ÐEKA ko dzi le wò series string me (alo lala vaseɖe fiẽ); shading one panel ɖiɖia string current ɖe zero kloe ale be nàte ŋu aʋu PV disconnect la dedie eye nàgbugbɔ ka aƒo ka na array la.
4. Doe kpɔ nenye be wò MPPT Charge Controller le eme ko "Non-Destructive Over-Voltage Lockout" ALOO ne PV Input MOSFET siwo le eme la nye "Blown Short-Circuit". .**
5. Ne wonya ɖe PV array la ɖa le controller ƒe nyawo gbɔ ko la (PV+ kple PV-), ɖo wò dijitaal multimeter ɖe DC Volts ( .V===) eye nàdzidze ɣe ƒe ka siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi siwo tso xɔa tame: ne nuxexlẽa le wò dziɖunu ƒe dzisasrã sesẽa tame (e.g., > 100V on a Victron 100/50, > 150V on a 150/35, or > 250V on a 250/100), yame ƒe fafa ƒo wò ƒuƒoƒoa ɖe agakpe la dzi.
6. Eyome, trɔ wò multimeter ɖe Mayi edzi / Tsitretsitsi (Ohms Ω) eye nàdzidzee to kadodo si metso ** .PV+ kple PV- screw terminals le MPPT dziɖula ŋutɔ dzi**: ne mita la le ɖiɖim 0.0 to 2.0 Ohms (dead short) alo PV terminal ɖea batri ƒe elektrikŋusẽ si gbɔna megbe tso ɣe ƒe ʋɔtruwo me fiana, ememe input protection MOSFETs/TVS diode tsɔ wo ɖokui sa vɔe eye ele be woaɖɔli controller la.
7. ÐE WÒ ARRAY VOLTAGE 50% LE Aɖabaƒoƒo 15 me fifia to rewiring wò panels tso All-Series (4S or 3S) ɖe eme Series-Parallel (2S2P) (alo to 1 panel tso ka la me).
8. Mehiã mehiã be be nàƒle elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ yeye si ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ wu be nàgaxɔ wò ʋua ƒe ŋusẽ ake egbea o. Ðeko nàdo go ayi ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa gbɔ (kple PV-ʋuʋudedi la OFF kple panel ɖeka si wotsɔ tarp), ɖe elektrikŋusẽa le MC4 jumpers siwo doa ka kple wò 4 panels le tsiatretsitsi me (4S = 4 x Voc), eye nàgatsɔ wo aƒo ƒui abe ka 2 siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo siwo nye akpa 2 siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo (2S2P = 2 x Voc, . 2 x Amps), alo ɖeko ɖe 1 panel (dropping 4S down to 3S). Lãɖeɖe a 4S ka si wotsɔna ƒoa ka na 3S alo 2S2P enumake eɖea wò elektrikŋusẽ si le zero te dzi kpɔtɔna 25% va ɖo 50%, si naa wò dziɖunu trɔna yia eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe fesre si le dedie la me enumake esime wòle watt ma ke tututu nam (Volts x Amps = Watts).
9. NE WÒE LiFePO4 LITHIUM BATRI ƑE NUÐEÐEŊUTI LE 0 AMPS CHARGE LE ESIA ME 0°C (32°F) BMS LOW-TEMPERATURE LOCKOUT: Do dzo na Batri ƒe Nu vevi si le Etame +5°C (41°F) Hafi Woaɖe Mɔ Ðe Ɣe alo Generator ƒe Fexexe Ðesiaɖe Ŋu.
10. Mègadze agbagba gbeɖe be "yeaflu" alo ato tsikpe aɖe ŋu o LiFePO4 BMS be woazi charge dzi le ete 0°C (32°F). Lithium iron phosphate cell si wofa tsikpe me ƒe agba tsɔtsɔ hea dendritic metallic lithium plating vɛ le graphite anode la dzi, si gblẽa ŋutete dome tegbee eye wòhea dzo ƒe afɔku si le ememe vɛ.
11. De dzesii be togbɔ be màte ŋu MATEŊU AGBƆ ƲUƲU a LiFePO4 batri si le ete 0°C (32°F), BMS la gaɖe mɔ na wò kokoko be DISCHARGE (draw power out of) batri la ɖiɖi va ɖo ** .-20°C (-4°F)**. Zã batri ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe ŋusẽ ma si susɔ (alo tsi dzodzoe ƒe aŋetu sue aɖe si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o / 12V silicone dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃ si le XPS foam cooler box me) nàtsɔ ado dzo na batri ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le etame +5°C (41°F), le ɣeyiɣi sia me la, BMS la tua eƒe charge relay la le eɖokui si eye wògaxɔa ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ bliboa ake.

Nyametsotsoti: Dzomeŋɔli ŋdi ƒe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o ƒe nutsotso¶

flowchart TD
    A["Ɣe ƒe Dzomeŋɔli ƒe Ŋdi si Me Ɣe ƒe Dzomedzoe Mele O: Zero Ɣe ƒe Charging Watts Geɖe Batri Gadzraɖoƒe"] --> B{"Kpɔ MPPT Charge Controller Screen / Bluetooth App & Ʋeʋẽ hena Elektrɔnikmɔ̃ Siwo Dzo"}
    B -->|"1. Dzɔla Fia 'PV Over-Voltage' ALOO Screen Ku / Dzo Ʋeʋẽ"| C["VƆVƆ̃ Voc ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE ƲUƲU ƑE NUdzɔdzɔ: Silicon panel ƒe elektrikŋusẽ dzi ɖe edzi 15% va ɖo 25% le vuvɔ si mede zero o me, si wu MPPT Max PV Input Limit (e.g., 100V, 150V, alo 250V)"]
    C --> D["Kpɔ 1 panel kple viviti tarp -> Trɔ PV Isolator OFF -> Dzidze PV ʋuʋu-nutome ʋuʋudedi & kpɔ MPPT PV + / PV- nuwuƒewo ɖa be kuku kpuie"]
    D --> E["IMMEDIATE FIELD FIX: Gbugbɔ ka panels tso 4S yi 3S alo 2S2P be nàɖiɖi ka Voc 25%-50% (Trɔ MPPT ne input MOSFETs kpuie)"]
    B -->|"2. MPPT Fia PV Voltage si sɔ (e.g., 85V) & 'Bulk/Float' ALOO '0.0A' Esi Batria Le 0°C (32°F) Te"| F["LiFePO4 BMS LOW-TEMPERATURE CHARGE PROTECTION (LTCP) LOCKOUT: Batri ƒe ememe temp sensor nye < 0°C (32°F), si xea mɔ na charge current siwo katã gena ɖe eme"]
    F --> G["MÈGAZZI ƲUƲU O: De batri 50 mm XPS foam aɖaka si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o si me 12V dzoxɔxɔnamɔ̃ alo tsi dzodzoe ƒe aŋetu siwo wotu nu ɖo la me vaseɖe esime core temp > +5°C (41°F)"]
    B -->|"3. PV Voltage = 0V kple Battery BMS siaa Ku keŋkeŋ (0.0V le Terminals)"| H["BMS UNDER-VOLTAGE SLEEP LOCKOUT: Batria tsi le zã ɖeka me -> BMS ʋu discharge FETs -> MPPT bu ŋusẽ"]
    H --> I["TSI PV Breaker -> Jump-start/Wake BMS kple 12V/24V/48V bench supply, ʋu jumper pack, alo 9V batri le terminalwo dzi -> Trɔ Battery ON -> Trɔ PV ON"]

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya kple akɔntabubu: Nusita ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽ dzina ɖe edzi le dzomeŋɔli ŋdi siwo mede zero o¶

Wota xexlẽdzesi eve ɖe ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe mɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe si wowɔ kpɔ la ƒe megbe Dodokpɔ ƒe Nɔnɔmewo (STC, si wodo kpɔ le 25°C / 77°F cell temperature) specification sticker si kpɔa dzomeŋɔli ƒe agbetsitsi dzi:

1. ** ** .Voc (Open-Circuit Voltage le 25°C / 77°F):** Voltage si sɔ gbɔ wu si panel la wɔna ne zero current le sisim (e.g., 37.5V, . 41.2V, alo 49.5V).
2. ** ** .Temperature Coefficient of Voc (β_Voc):** Woɖee fia be ** .-%/°C** (zi geɖe la, -0.28%/°C be -0.35%/°C na monocrystalline panels) alo -mV/°C. Elabena xexlẽdzesi evea siaa ( .-0.34%/°C) kple dzoxɔxɔ si ɖiɖina ɖe anyi wu 25°C (e.g., -25°C - 25°C = -50°C) nye xexlẽdzesi manyomanyowo, ne wodzi wo ɖekae la, voltage ƒe dzidziɖedzi gã aɖe si nye POSITIVE dona.

====================================================================================
     NEC ARTICLE 690.7 COLD-WEATHER SOLAR OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (Voc) FORMULA
====================================================================================

   Cold_Voc = String_Voc_STC x [ 1 + ( (25°C - Record_Low_Temp_°C) x |Temp_Coeff_%| ) ]

   REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE THAT FRIES A 150V CHARGE CONTROLLER (e.g., Victron 150/35):
   * Setup: Four 400W panels wired in series (4S). Each panel has Voc = 37.0V at 25°C
     and a Temperature Coefficient of Voc = -0.34% / °C.
   * Summer Voltage at 25°C (77°F):
       4 panels x 37.0V = 148.0V  --> (Under 150V limit; works fine all summer)
   * Winter Morning at -25°C (-13°F) [A 50°C drop below 25°C STC]:
       Voltage Gain = 50°C drop x 0.34%/°C = +17.0% Voltage Increase
       Cold_Voc = 148.0V x 1.17 = 173.16 VOLTS DC
   * RESULT: At 07:30 AM on a -25°C morning, 173.2V hits a 150V-rated MPPT controller,
     exceeding the absolute 150V MOSFET breakdown rating by 23.2 Volts and frying it.
====================================================================================

Quick-Reference NEC 690.7 Vuvɔ-yame ƒe nɔnɔme Voc Multiplier Table (Kple Dzomeŋɔli Ka si Le Dedie Wu Voc) .¶

Le U.S. Dukɔa ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Se (NEC Table 690.7(A)), Canadatɔwo ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Se (CEC Section 64), kple IEC 62548, ne wò panel ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe xexlẽdzesi si sɔ pɛpɛpɛ mele ŋgɔwò o la, tsɔ wò ka bliboa dzi ɖe edzi Voc (at 25°C) to vuvɔ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe nusi wòle be woawɔ le ete dzi, alo nàkpɔ egbɔ ko be wò dzidzee 25°C ka Voc mewu "Max Safe" gbeɖe o 25°C Ka Voc" column na wò dziɖula ƒe lolome:

Nusitae... LiFePO4 BMS Lockout + Snow Albedo Effect na ɣedzeƒe nyea ɣeyiɣi si tututu wòdo kpo nu¶

Aƒedzikpɔla geɖewo biana be: "Lala: ne ɣea nya do eye MPPT nya dze elektrikŋusẽ hehe gɔme ko la, ɖe array ƒe elektrikŋusẽ meɖiɖina enumake tso Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc = 41V/panel) va ɖo Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Ŋusẽ ƒe Ʋuʋu ( .Vmp = 33V/panel)?" .

Le dzomeŋɔli la, ẽ: ne ɣe ƒe keklẽ nya dze ʋuƒoawo dzi ko la, MPPT la hea elektrikŋusẽ yia batri la me, eye wòhea ƒuƒoƒoa yia anyime Vmp. Le dzomeŋɔli la, mɔ̃ eve xea mɔ na ɖiɖi ma:

1. Mɔ̃ 1: Wò LiFePO4 Batri BMS Le eme 0°C (32°F) Charge Lockout: Esi wò batri gadzraɖoƒe fa le tsikpe te le zã ɖeka me ta la, batri la ƒe ememe BMS ʋu eƒe charge switch. Elabena batri la gbe be yemaxɔ gɔ̃ hã o 0.1 Amps ƒe fetu, MPPT dziɖula mate ŋu atsɔ ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃wo ade agba me vaseɖe Vmp. Ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa nɔa anyi ɖe 100% unloaded Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) ŋdi bliboa katã le dzomeŋɔli ƒe ŋdɔkutsu dzatsɛ me.
2. Mɔ̃ 2: "Alilikpo-nugbɔ & Sno-Albedo Kekeli Spikes" (1,200+ W/m²): Esi ɣe ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo gakpɔtɔ le vuvɔ me abe tsikpe ene le -25°C (-13°F) hafi ɣea nakpɔ ɣeyiɣi atsɔ ado dzo na ahuhɔ̃e doviviti la la, ɣe ƒe keklẽ siwo le dzogoe sue dzi la klẽna tso sno ɣi yeye siwo le anyigba dzi (sno ƒe albedo = 0.80 va ɖo 0.90) le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me eye ɣe ƒe keklẽ tẽ ƒoa ʋuƒo siwo wotsɔ ƒo xlãe la. Esia na ɣe ƒe keklẽ dzina ɖe edzi le etame 1,200 Watts/m², tsɔ bubu kpee 2% to 3% logarithmic voltage boost le vuvɔ-dzoxɔxɔ ƒe dzidziɖedzia tame.

Emergency Field Fix 1: Alesi nàƒo ka na wò ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo tso 4S be 2S2P (alo 3S) le miniti 15 me¶

Ne wò ɣe ƒe ka le wò dziɖunu la ƒom wògbɔ eme (alo ne ɖeko nède dziɖunu si woatsɔ aɖɔlii eye wòhiã be nàɖe xɔta ƒe elektrikŋusẽ dzi akpɔtɔ enumake evɔ màƒle ka yeye tso xɔa tame ayi ʋua me o) la, gbugbɔ ɖo... MC4 titrila siwo le ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe ʋuƒoa ƒe megbe:

====================================================================================
     REWIRING A 4-PANEL ARRAY FROM "4S" (OVER-VOLT) TO "2S2P" (WINTER-SAFE)
====================================================================================

 [DANGEROUS IN WINTER: 4S (4 Panels in Series)]
   * Each Panel: 400W, Voc = 38V (at 25°C), Imp = 10.5A
   * Summer Voc = 4 x 38V = 152V | Winter (-25°C) Voc = 152V x 1.20 = 182.4V (FRIES 150V MPPT)

   (+) <--- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --- [Panel 3] --- [Panel 4] ---> (-)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [WINTER-SAFE FIELD FIX A: 3S (Simply Unplug & Bypass 1 Panel, Takes 2 Minutes)]
   * Unplug Panel 4 and connect the negative home-run lead directly to Panel 3 (-).
   * Summer Voc = 3 x 38V = 114V | Winter (-25°C) Voc = 114V x 1.20 = 136.8V (100% SAFE < 150V)

   (+) <--- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --- [Panel 3] ---> (-)    [Panel 4: Disconnected]

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [WINTER-SAFE FIELD FIX B: 2S2P (2 Series Strings in Parallel, Keeps 100% of 1,600W)]
   * Pair Panel 1 + Panel 2 in series (String A = 76V STC).
   * Pair Panel 3 + Panel 4 in series (String B = 76V STC).
   * Combine String A and String B using a pair of $12 MC4 Parallel Y-Branch Connectors.
   * Winter (-25°C) Voc = 76V x 1.20 = 91.2 VOLTS DC | Current = 21.0 Amps (100% SAFE)

            +-- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --+
   (+) <====| (MC4 Y-Branch)              |====> (-) To Cabin MPPT
            +-- [Panel 3] --- [Panel 4] --+
====================================================================================

(Wire Gauge Check Ne èle Trɔm tso 4S be 2S2P: Elabena tɔtrɔ tso... 4S be 2S2P ɖea wò elektrikŋusẽ dzi kpɔtɔna ɖe afã me eye wòdzia ​​wò elektrikŋusẽa ɖe edzi zi gbɔ zi eve tso 10.5 Amps be 21.0 Amps, kpɔe ɖa be akɔbli ka si le zɔzɔm tso wò array combiner gbɔ yi wò MPPT gbɔ la nye ** ya teti .10 AWG (6 mm²)**, si woɖo dzesi na 30 Amps, eye nàkpɔe ɖa be ka eveawo dometɔ aɖeke mehiã nusi wu a o 15A/20A MC4 fuse si le fli me.)

Agbledzi Dzadzraɖo Kpata 2: Nyɔnyrɔ̃ a LiFePO4 batri si xaxa ɖe eme 0°C (32°F) BMS vuvɔ ƒe mɔxexe (alo 0V dᴐ alɔ̃)¶

Ne yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le batrixɔ si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o, ʋu si me wotsɔa ʋuwo ɖona, alo ʋua ƒe anyigba me ɖiɖi wu tsikpe la, LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batri gadzraɖoƒe ate ŋu axe mɔ na wò le mɔ vovovo eve nu. De dzesi lockout si le asiwò hafi nàka asi terminalawo ŋu:

Nudzɔdzɔ A: BMS "Dzoxɔxɔ Si Mebɔ O ƒe Fexexe Takpɔkpɔ (LTCP)" (Battery Powers Lights/Inverter Fine, But Refuses to Charge) .¶

• Nusi le dzɔdzɔm: Le wò ememe LiFePO4 batri (Battle Born, SOK, Epoch, EG4, Trophy, LiTime, Chins, Renogy), NTC thermistor sue aɖe si wobla ɖe aluminum cell ƒe nutunu ŋu la xlẽ le ete ** .0°C to +2°C (32°F to 35.6°F)**. Be woaxe mɔ ɖe ga lithium plating nu la, BMS tsia eƒe Charge MOSFET esime wògblẽa eƒe Discharge MOSFET ɖi ON (elabena LiFePO4 lãmenugbagbeviwo ate ŋu aɖe dedie vaseɖe -20°C / -4°F).
• Nukatae BMS "Hysteresis" na wòtsia enu vaseɖe esime +5°C (41°F): BMS board akpa gãtɔ bia be lãmenugbagbevi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si le eme nadzi ɖe edzi ake va ɖo ** .+5°C (41°F)** (a 5°C hysteresis buffer) hafi charge switch la nagaʋu ake. Nusi gavloe wue nye be, elabena 100Ah LiFePO4 batri ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 11 (25 lbs) ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme si le ʋeʋẽm, ne ya si le xɔa me xɔ dzo va ɖo... 10°C (50°F) le ŋdɔ ga wuieve me la, batri si bɔbɔ nɔ anyigba si fa miamiamia ƒe nuto me nɔa anyi -1°C (30°F) gaƒoƒo 6 bubu, si gblẽ dzomeŋɔli ƒe ɣe ƒe fesre kpui bliboa katã dome.
• 3 Dedie Field Mɔnu Siwo Woatsɔ Ado Dzo Na Battery Core si Le Etame +5°C (41°F) Egbe:
• "Sealed Hot-Water Bottle + XPS Foam Cooler" Mɔnu (Zero Electricity Zã): Da wò LiFePO4 batri le fafamɔ̃ si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o me alo nàtsɔ 50-millimeter (2-inch) XPS foam board si ƒe amadede nye pink/blɔ sesẽ. De dzodzoe Nalgene ƒe aŋetu eve siwo me wowɔa dɔ sesẽwo le alo plastic-notsize siwo wotu nu ɖo la me 45°C to 50°C (115°F to 122°F) tsi (megaƒo tsi gbeɖe o, eye nàkpɔe ɖa be nutsyɔnuawo mate ŋu ado ɖe nuƒomɔ̃wo dzi o), xatsa wo ɖe asitutu me, eye nàtsɔ wo abla ɖe batri la ƒe axawo dzi nyuie le aɖaka si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o la me. Le miniti 45 va ɖo 60 me la, batri la ƒe dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu si le eme la tsoa +5°C (41°F), BMS la tsia nu, eye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ gadzea charge gɔme ake.
• The "High-Rate Inverter Discharge Self-Heating" Trick: Ne wò batri gakpɔtɔ le 30% va ɖo 50% Nɔnɔme ƒe Charge (SoC), xatsa batri la nyuie ɖe alɔ̃kotoku alo foam insulation me eye nàʋu 500W va ɖo 1,000W AC agba kpekpe ɖe wò inverter la dzi (such as an electric kettle, toaster, or hair dryer) hena miniti 10 va ɖo 15. Nutata 40 to 80 Amps tso vuvɔ me LiFePO4 batri naa dzoxɔxɔ si te ŋu nɔa te ɖe enu le ememe (I²R dzoxɔxɔ le lãmenugbagbevi siwo me dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu la bɔbɔ nɔ la me tututu) esime wole ŋusẽ nam mɔ̃ aɖe si ŋu viɖe le.
• De dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu si dzi wokpɔna la eme 12V / 24V / 48V Silicone Battery Heating Pad (30W to 60W): Ne èdi be yeaɖɔe ɖo tegbee la, tsɔ 12V silicone rubber tank/battery heating pad si wotsɔ adhesive wɔe si me wotu ɖe eme la ƒu gbe 5°C ON / 15°C OFF dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu si le batri la te le aɖaka si me woɖea dzoxɔxɔ le me, si wotsɔ ka blae ale be ne wodo ŋusẽ ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃awo le ŋkeke me ko hafi wòahe ŋusẽ.

Nudzɔdzɔ B: BMS "Voltage si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi ƒe kadodo (LVD / . 0.0V Sleep Mode)" (Terminals Read 0.0V to 2.1V and MPPT Will Not Turn On) .¶

• Nusi le dzɔdzɔm: Wò batri la tsi yi anyime va ɖo 0% SoC (< 10.0V le batri si ƒe ŋusẽ nye 12V dzi la, . < 20.0V le 24V dzi, alo < 40.0V le 48V) dzi le zã ɖeka me, eyata BMS ʋu evea siaa Discharge kple Charge ƒe tɔtrɔwo be woatsɔ adzra lãmenugbagbeviawo ɖo. Ne ŋdi ɖo la, wò MPPT ɣe ƒe ŋusẽdzidzenu ku elabena MPPT dziɖula akpa gãtɔ xɔa woƒe ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe ŋusẽ tso Batri ƒe nugbɔwo gbɔ, MENYE Ɣe ƒe nugbɔwo o, eye le esi MPPT kpɔa nu ta 0.0V le batri ƒe kawo dzi la, egbea nyɔnyrɔ̃ eye wòɖoa charge pulse ɖa be wòanyɔ BMS la.
• Alesi Nànyɔ Alɔ̃dɔdɔ 0.0V LiFePO4 BMS le Sɛkɛnd 60 me:
• Trɔ Ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ (PV) Gbegblẽla OFF gbã.
• Zã gotagome DC elektrikŋusẽtsoƒe (matching your nominal system voltage: 12V, 24V, or 48V) le batri si le alɔ̃ dɔm la ƒe go kemɛ dzi (+) kple (-) terminals hena sɛkɛnd 5 va ɖo 10 be woanyɔ BMS chip la:
  • Lithium Ʋu Jump-Starter Pack si Woate Ŋu Atsɔ Ayi Zazã (zi... " Manual Override / Boost " button le jump pack la dzi ale be wòaɖe 12V ne wotsɔe do ƒome kple a 0.0V terminal), .
  • Ʋu ƒe Alternator / 12V Lead-Acid Ʋu Battery zazã kple jumper kawo hena sɛkɛnd 10,
  • AC-Powered Battery Charger zazã si me... "0V Lithium Force-Mode / Supply Mode" (such as a Victron BlueSmart IP65 or NOCO Genius in Force Mode), ALO
  • Dzudzɔ-Detector Batri Eve Siwo Ŋu 9-Volt Siwo Wotso Ðe Wo Nɔewo Me Zazã (18V to 12V lightbulb current-limiter) si ka asi 12V BMS ƒe nugbɔwo ŋu ɣeyiɣi kpui aɖe ko wòdidi ale gbegbe be MPPT dziɖula ƒe screen la naklẽ.
• Enumake MPPT dziɖula ƒe screen la klẽ eye wòde dzesii be... 12V / 24V / 48V batri gadzraɖoƒe, trɔ Ɣe ƒe (PV) Gbegblẽla ON: MPPT la axɔe enumake eye wòado batri la.

Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo¶

Ne ɣe ƒe ŋusẽdzidzenu, DC combiner box, alo batri gadzraɖoƒe si ƒe ŋusẽ sɔ gbɔ wu la xɔ dzo alo dzudzɔ si me aɖi le dona (hydrogen fluoride / phosphoryl fluoride tso lithium electrolyte ƒe dzobibi me), ʋu le eme enumake eye nàte ɖe dɔwɔƒe siwo kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ:

• United States kple Canada:
• Dzo alo Atikewɔwɔ Kpata: Yɔ 911. Gblɔ na amesi ɖoe ɖa be: "Míekpɔa off-grid photovoltaic DC electrical / lithium-iron-phosphate batri dzo; DC ɣe ƒe ka siwo ƒe ŋusẽ lolo la nɔa ŋusẽ me ɣesiaɣi si ɣe le keklẽm."
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Sedede Siwo Sɔ: U.S. Dukɔa ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Se (NFPA 70 / NEC Article 690.7, Maximum Photovoltaic System Voltage & Table 690.7(A) Temperature Correction Factors) kple Canada ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Se (CSA C22.1 Section 64-210).
• United Kingdom & Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ:
• Nu kpata: Yɔ 999 (UK) alo ** .112** (EU) ƒe xexlẽme.
• Dzidzenu Siwo Ŋu Wozãna: BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations Section 712), MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme MIS 3002, de se be woawɔ akɔntabubu ƒe ɖoɖo Voc le -10°C alo -15°C suetɔ kekeake le UK togbɛwo ƒe posukɔdesi nu), kple IEC 62548 (Photovoltaic Arrays - Design Requirements).
• Australia kple New Zealand:
• Nu kpata: Yɔ 000 (Australia) alo ** .111** (New Zealand) ƒe agbalẽa.
• Dzidzenu Siwo Ŋu Wozãna: AS/NZS 5033 (Installation and Safety Requirements for Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays, Clause 3.1 & Equation 4.1 Open-Circuit Voltage Temperature Correction) kple AS/NZS 5139 (Battery Energy Storage Systems).
• Ne èdi xexlẽme kpata siwo le dukɔ siwo wu 190 me la, kpɔ ɖa xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae nye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃wo wɔa ŋusẽ si lolo wu le tsikpe me -20°C (-4°F) dzomeŋɔli ŋdi wu alesi wowɔna le July ƒe domedomea?¶

Ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo nye silicon semiconductor diodes siwo ƒe band-gap ŋusẽ kekena ɖe enu ne dzoxɔxɔ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ. To vovo na batriwo, siwo ƒe ŋusẽ meganɔa anyi ne vuvɔ le wɔwɔm o la, ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe ŋusẽ si le ʋuʋu ɖi (Voc) dzina ɖe edzi abe alafa memama 0.30 va ɖo 0.40 ene le Celsius dzidzenu 1 ɖesiaɖe si ɖiɖi wu woƒe dzoxɔxɔ si wodo kpɔ le dɔwɔƒea ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si nye Celsius 25 (degree Fahrenheit 77) te. Le dzomeŋɔli ƒe ŋdi si nye -25°C (-13°F) (si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ 50°C ɖiɖina ɖe anyi wu 25°C) la, wò ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa naa elektrikŋusẽ si lolo wu eƒe ŋkɔdzesi ƒe nutrenu si ade 17 va ɖo 20 le alafa me, si ƒoa ka si ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 135 si le dedie le dzomeŋɔli me bɔbɔe wu volt 160 eye wòɖaa MPPT charge controller si ƒe ŋusẽ nye volt 150.

Aleke LiFePO4 batri BMS ƒe ʋuʋu si wofa tsikpe me kpena ɖe nye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽdzikpɔmɔ̃a ɖaɖa ŋu ne ɣe dze?¶

Le yame ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me la, ne ŋdi ɣea nya dze wò ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe mɔ̃wo dzi ko la, MPPT ƒe dzoxɔxɔdzidzenu dzea elektrikŋusẽ hehe gɔme be yeatsɔ ado batri la, si hea ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ si wotsɔna ƒoa batri la ƒe ŋusẽ ɖiɖi enumake tso eƒe Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) si lolo dzi va ɖoa eƒe Operating Power Voltage (Vmp, si bɔbɔ ɖe anyi abe alafa memama 18 ene) si bɔbɔ wu dzi. Gake ne wò LiFePO4 batri fa wu 0°C (32°F) le zã ɖeka me la, eƒe Battery Management System (BMS) si le eme la xea mɔ na charge ƒe elektrikŋusẽ katã. Esi agba aɖeke mele ʋuƒoawo dzi o ta la, ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒoa gakpɔtɔ nɔa Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) si me agba mele o ƒe alafa memama 100 me esime vuvɔ kple sno ƒe keklẽ si mede zero o la ƒoa elektrikŋusẽ ma wòwua dziɖunu la ƒe xɔtunuwo ƒe seɖoƒe.

Aleke mawɔ aɖe nye ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ zazã ƒe dzoxɔxɔ dzi akpɔtɔ egbea evɔ nyemeƒle charge controller yeye o?¶

Gbã la, tsɔ aŋe si me mekɔ o tsyɔ ka ɖesiaɖe ƒe akpa ɖeka alo lala vaseɖe esime ɣe ɖo to, emegbe nàtsi wò PV-kaɖekaɖekaɖemɔ̃a. Àte ŋu aɖe wò ka ƒe elektrikŋusẽ dzi akpɔtɔ enumake alafa memama 25 va ɖo 50 to MC4 ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ siwo li xoxo siwo le wò ʋuƒoawo ƒe megbe zazã me: (1) ɖe kaƒomɔ̃ ɖeka ɖa le ka si me ʋuƒo 4 le si kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo me be wòatrɔe wòazu ka si me ʋuƒo 3 le (3S, atso ka si ƒe ʋuƒo 4 le alafa memama 25), alo (2) nàtsɔ ka aƒo ka eve siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo ƒe ʋuƒo 4 (4S) ɖe ka eve siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo siwo me ʋuƒo eve siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo la me (2S2P) zãa $12 MC4 Y-alɔdze ƒe kadodo eve, si ɖea elektrikŋusẽ dzi kpɔtɔna ɖe afã me esime wòléa wò charge watt ƒe alafa memama 100 me ɖe asi.

Nukatae afɔku le eme be woaɖe MC4 ɣe ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ si le xɔa tame esime ɣea le keklẽm?¶

Ɣe ƒe kawo wɔa dɔ le elektrikŋusẽ si nu sẽ ŋutɔ si woyɔna be Direct Current (DC) dzi, si to vovo na aƒeme 60 Hz Alternating Current (AC) la, metsoa zero volts gbeɖe o. Ne èhe MC4-kaƒomɔ̃ aɖe ɖe vovo (alo èʋu AC-ʋuʋudedi si womede dzesii o) esime ɣe ƒe keklẽ le ƒoƒom ɖe ʋuƒoawo dzi eye elektrikŋusẽa le sisim la, elektrikŋusẽa ti kpo to ya ƒe dometsotsoa dzi abe plasma-ka si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nye Celsius 3,000 (degree-Fahrenheit 5,400) si nɔa anyi ɖaa si matsi eɖokui o ene, si ana kaƒomɔ̃a nafa, atɔ dzo wò asiwo, eye dzodoƒe ƒe xɔtaxɔ ƒe xɔmenuwo. Tsɔ tarp alo avɔ doviviti aɖe ƒu gbe ɖe ka la ƒe akpa ɖeka ya teti dzi hafi nàɖe MC4 ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ ɖesiaɖe ɖa.

Nukatae nye LiFePO4 lithium batri maxɔ dzo si mede 0°C (32°F) o, eye ɖe mate ŋu ahe ŋusẽ tso eme kokoko be matsɔ awɔ nye ʋua ƒe akaɖiwoa?¶

Ne Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) lãmenugbagbevi ƒe dzoxɔxɔ mede 0°C (32°F) o la, lithium ions mate ŋu age ɖe graphite anode la me (adze ɖe eme) kabakaba le charge wɔwɔ me o; ke boŋ woƒoa ƒu ɖe edzi abe ga lithium-aŋe ɖaɖɛwo (lithium-kplu) ene siwo gblẽa batri la tegbee eye woate ŋu ato nusi mae la me be dzo nado. Be woaxe mɔ ɖe esia nu la, batri la ƒe BMS tsia charge si le dzoxɔxɔ si mede 0°C o nu. Gake ne èɖe batri la, menaa lithium ƒoa xlãe o, eyata wò BMS gakpɔtɔ na nète ŋu hea ŋusẽ doa goe le batri la me va ɖoa -20°C (-4°F). Ðeko nàdo dzo na batri la le foam-ɖaka si me dzoxɔxɔ mele o me wòagbɔ +5°C (41°F) be nàgadze eƒe charge gɔme ake.

Nukae dzɔna ne nye MPPT charge controller ɖe "PV Over-Voltage" (abe Victron Error #20) fia: ɖe controller la gblẽ tegbeea?¶

Enɔ te ɖe alesi gbegbe elektrikŋusẽa lia yi dzi wu seɖoƒea dzi. Dzɔla deŋgɔ geɖe (abe Victron SmartSolar alo MidNite Classic units) ʋãa ametakpɔnu ƒe kɔmpiutadziɖoɖo ƒe nutsitsi eye woɖea vodada ƒe dzesi si gbɔ eme ƒe dzesi fiana ne PV ƒe elektrikŋusẽ tso 100.0V, 150.0V, alo 250.0V enumake; ne elektrikŋusẽa wu agbɔsɔsɔme si woɖo ɖi ko volt 1 va ɖo 3 kple elektrikŋusẽ zero si le sisim la, kadodoa ɖeɖeɖa le ʋuƒoawo ŋu kple kaƒoƒo na ƒuƒoƒoa ɖe elektrikŋusẽ si bɔbɔ wu ŋu nana zi geɖe la, dziɖula la gahaya nuvevi aɖeke mawɔmawɔe. Gake ne vuvɔ si mede zero o na elektrikŋusẽa tu volt 10 va ɖo 25 to dzidzenua ŋu la, zi geɖe la, silicon MOSFET siwo le eme kple ametakpɔnu diodewo ƒoa ya kpuie, si wɔnɛ be woaɖɔli mɔ̃ si dzi wokpɔna.

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Off-grid inverter ƒe agba fũ, dzobibi charge dzikpɔla, kple 12V / 24V / 48V batri gadzraɖoƒe kpuie
• Ɣe, tsi, kple gbeɖuɖɔ siwo mele elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ dzi o ƒe kpododonu
• Tsido si me tsikpe mele o si me tsikpe le, IBC tote si mu, kple spring line airlock purge si wotsɔa nuheŋusẽ ɖuna
• Propane Buddy Heater agbadɔ me dzo, carbon monoxide, kple bivy yaƒoƒo le vuvɔ me
• Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe dzobibi

Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Dukɔa ƒe Dzotsidɔwɔƒe (NFPA 70 / National Electrical Code - NEC Article 690.7): Maximum Photovoltaic System Voltage Akɔntabubuwo, Low-Ambient Dzoxɔxɔ Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc) Nusiwo wotsɔ ɖɔa ame ɖo ( .Table 690.7(A)), kple DC Arc-Fault Ðeɖe Ðe Vovo ƒe Nudidiwo.
• Dukɔwo Dome Elektrikŋusẽ Ŋuti Dɔwɔha (IEC 62548 & . IEC 62109-1): Fotoŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽ (PV) Arrays - Aɖaŋuɖoɖo ƒe Nudidiwo (Favɔ-Yame ƒe Nɔnɔme Voc Multiplier Equations) kple Ŋusẽ Trɔlawo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ hena Zazã le Fotovoltaic Ŋusẽɖoɖowo Me.
• Canada ƒe Dzidzenuwo Ŋuti Habɔbɔ (CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code Section 64-210) & Dzidzenuwo Australia (AS/NZS 5033): Sub-Zero Dzoxɔxɔ Ðɔɖɔɖo Dzidziɖedziwo na Crystalline Silicon Modules (Down to -40°C / -40°F).
• Dukɔa ƒe Ŋusẽ Yeyewo Ŋuti Nudokpɔƒe (NREL) & IEEE Photovoltaic Eŋutinunyalawo ƒe Takpekpe: Sub-Zero Anodic Lithium Plating Mɔ̃wo le LiFePO4 Lãmenugbagbevi Siwo Le Ete 0°C (32°F), BMS Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Hysteresis, kple Snow-Albedo Over-Irradiance Transients.
• Victron Ŋusẽ, MidNite Ɣe, & OutBack Ŋusẽ Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya Mɔ̃ɖaŋunyatakakawo: MPPT Fexexe Dziɖula Maximum Input Voltage Dzisasrãwo (100V / 150V / 250V / 450V), Vodada #19/#20 Over-Voltage Diagnostics, kple Batri-Gbãtɔ ƒe Ŋusẽ-Dzidzedze ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ.