Sisi le ke gbagbewo, ƒutsotsoewo ƒe anyigbaʋuʋuwo, kple agadowo ƒe mɔ̃ me¶

Afɔɖeɖe ɖe tɔsisi me tsikpe, ƒuta tɔʋu ƒe mu, tsikpe ƒe tsikpe ("tsikpe ƒe wɔ"), alo sphagnum peat bog ƒe akpa si sesẽ bebletɔe dzi eye nànyrɔ ɖe wò ata alo akɔta enumake nye gbedadaƒo ƒe nudzɔdzɔ kpata dziŋɔ aɖe. To vovo na Hollywood sinimawo la, ke gbagbe kple anyi goglo ŋutɔŋutɔwo mami amegbetɔ ɖe anyigba te keŋkeŋ le wo ɖokui si gbeɖe o elabena amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme anɔ abe ke kple anyi si me tsi yɔ fũ ƒe afã ko ene.

Gake afɔku vavã siwo ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me le ke gbagbewo kple ƒutsotsoewo ƒe mudflat ƒe mɔ̃ me enye nyɔnyrɔ le atsiaƒu ƒe ƒutsotsoe si gbɔna me, ** dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ kabakaba tso tsi fafɛ si xɔ dzo me**, ɖeɖiteameŋu, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe abixɔxɔ alo ƒunukpeƒewo ƒe ʋuʋu si dona tso eme ne xɔnametɔ siwo si susu nyui le bla ka alo winch ɖe amesi ŋu woxaxa ɖo ƒe abɔwo eye nàdze agbagba ahe wo tẽe ayi dzi le yaƒoƒo ƒe newton akpe geɖe siwo wotsɔ noa nu me la nu. Tsi si menye Newton tɔ o ƒe dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya nyanya, alesi "wòawɔ tsi ahatsɔ akɔta" wò afɔwo navo milimeta ɖesiaɖe, kple alesi nàɖe zɔhɛ to kpekpeme mama ƒe ʋuƒo zazã me evɔ wò ŋutɔ màge ɖe anyigbaʋuʋua me o la, eɖea amewo ƒe agbe.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Tsɔ tsikpe enumake eye nàtsɔ wò akɔtagbalẽvi kpekpea aƒu gbe ɖe anyigba le axawò: Dzudzɔ ƒoƒo alo agbagbadzedze be yeazɔ ayi ŋgɔ. Afɔkpodzidada kabakaba si me dziɖeleameƒo le la lãa anyi alo ke si xɔ dzo la eye wònana nènyrɔna ɖe eme goglo wu, evɔ akɔtagbalẽvi si ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 15 (pound 33) ƒe kɔklɔ nana wò tsia dzina ɖe edzi enumake eye wònaa nèkpɔa nuƒolanɔƒe si le tsia dzi si dzi nàzi akɔta alo abɔta ɖo.
2. Ƒo ka na Ƒuta Dzɔlawo alo Dzotsidɔwɔƒe enumake ne èle ƒutsotsoewo ƒe mudflat alo tɔʋu aɖe me: Hafi nàzã miniti 30 atsɔ adze agbagba be yeaku ye ɖokui le ƒuta mudflat dzi la, ƒo ka na 911 (le United States kple Canada), 112 (le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ godoo), alo 999 eye nàbia Coast Guard (le United Kingdom) alo nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu míaƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata nyatakakadzraɖoƒe. Ƒutsotsoe siwo va toa tɔʋu gbadzawo dzi la zɔna kabakaba wu alesi amegbetɔ ate ŋu aƒu du, eye Mud Rescue ƒe ƒuƒoƒo tɔxɛwo hiã na ɣeyiɣi si sɔ gbɔ wu hafi woate ŋu ada hovercraft alo mud sleds siwo woate ŋu atsɔ ya aƒu gbe.
3. Ke wò kpekpeme ɖe tsia dzi to megbedede alo wò ƒodo dzi: Mègatsi tre ɖe tsitrenu abe glikpo ene gbeɖe o. Blewu blewuu yi megbe (le megbe-tsi dzi ƒe nɔnɔme me) alo yi ŋgɔ le wò akɔtagbalẽvi dzi be nàkaka wò ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme ɖe anyigbaʋuʋu alo ke gbagbe la ƒe akpa si keke wu la dzi.
4. Mègana ame aɖeke nahe wò tẽe ayi dzi gbeɖe kple wò abɔwo alo kple ʋu ƒe winch: Amesi si xaxa vaseɖe akɔta le vacuum mud me hehe yi dzi tẽe bia ŋusẽ si hiã be wòakɔ ʋu sue aɖe eye ate ŋu aʋuʋu abɔta, agbã akɔta, alo ahe crush/reperfusion syndrome si wua ame vɛ.
5. Ʋu afɔ ɖesiaɖe blewuu le gotagome ʋuʋu suewo me be tsi nage ɖe anyi ƒo xlã wò afɔkpodzi: Be nàgbã hydrostatic vacuum seal si le wò afɔkpa kple nyivi ŋu la, trɔ klo ɖeka kple afɔkpodzi blewuu le gotagome sue siwo ƒe didime nye sentimeta 2 (inch 1) me be nàhe tsi sue aɖe ɖe anyi ɖe wò afɔ xa eye nàtrɔ ke/anyigba sesẽ la wòazu tsi si wotsɔ ƒoa ƒui.
6. He wò afɔ do goe le wò afɔkpa me ne seke le afɔkpaa me, eye ƒodo-ʋuʋu yi anyigba sesẽ dzi: Ne anyi si le tɔʋu me si wɔ ɖeka lé wò afɔkpa abe kɔkrit ene la, ɖe ka alo tsɔ wò afɔ do goe le afɔkpaa me, he wò klo blewuu yi dzi esime nèmlɔ anyi gbadzaa le wò akɔta, eye mlɔ alo ƒo ƒodo-ʋuʋu (mègatsi tre gbeɖe o) trɔ yi anyigba sesẽ dzi.

Quicksand, ƒutsotsoewo ƒe anyigbaʋuʋu, kple agadowo ɖeɖeɖa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ¶

Wɔ ɖe nyametsotso ƒe nɔnɔmetata sia si wowɔ afɔɖeɖe ɖesiaɖe dzi be nàvo alo nàkpe ɖe ame si xaxa la ŋu dedie le nutoa me kple alesi wòge ɖe mɔ̃a me nu.

flowchart TD
    A["Nyrɔ Kpata le Quicksand, Mudflat, alo Bog me"] --> B["Dzudzɔ ƒoƒo enumake eye nàtsɔ akplo kpekpewo aƒu gbe ɖe anyigba"]
    B --> C{"Ðe nèle ƒutsotsoewo ƒe tɔʋu me alo màte ŋu aɖe afɔwo le miniti 2 me oa?"}
    C -->|"Ẽ: ƒutsotsoewo ƒe afɔku alo akɔta ƒe mɔ̃ si me goglo"| D["Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 (Ƒuta Dzɔlawo / Mud Rescue) enumake kple GPS pin"]
    C -->|"Ao: tsi si me goglo tso klo vaseɖe ata si menye ƒutsotsoewo o"| E["Tsɔ akɔta ƒo ɖe megbe dzidzenu 45 va ɖo 90 be nàma ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme"]
    D --> E
    E --> F["Trɔ afɔ ɖeka blewuu le gotagome suesuesuewo me be tsi nage ɖe anyigba eye wòagbã vacuum"]
    F --> G{"Ðe wò afɔkpaa tsi anyi si wɔ ɖeka mea?"}
    G -->|"Ẽ"| H["Gbugbɔ afɔ le afɔkpa me eye nàtsɔ afɔkpaa asa vɔe"]
    G -->|"Ao"| I["Kɔ klo si woɖe asi le la ɖe dzi wòadze anyigba le sentimeta 1 le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me esime nèle akɔta ƒom ɖe megbe"]
    H --> I
    I --> J["Mlɔ afɔ eveawo ɖe anyigba gbadzaa eye nàmli alo aƒu tsi-ʋuʋu ɖe anyigba sesẽ dzi: MÈGATSƆ o"]

Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya si le mɔ̃ me: nusita màte ŋu anyrɔ ɖe ta dzi o (kple nusita màte ŋu ahe tẽe ayi dzi o) .¶

Anyigba siwo me ƒuƒu le ƒe tsi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ gɔmesese ɖea vɔvɔ̃ si le nyɔnyrɔ me ɖa eye wòɖea mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe nya ɣaɣla si tututu woatsɔ ado le eme la fiana.

1. Archimedes ƒe Gɔmeɖose: nusita nètsia tsia dzi le akɔta alo akɔta¶

Kpe gbagbe siwo me tsi yɔ fũ, tsikpe me tsikpe, kple tɔʋuwo ƒe anyikpe ƒe lolome anɔ abe gram 1.9 va ɖo 2.0 le kubik sentimeta ɖeka me (anɔ abe tsi dzadzɛ ƒe teƒe eve ene, si nye 1.0 g/cm3). Amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã (si ƒe lãkusiwo me ya le) ƒe kpekpeme le mama dedie nu nye gram 0.95 va ɖo 1.01 le kubik sentimeta ɖeka me.

Le Archimedes ƒe Gɔmeɖose si ku ɖe Tsimeŋusẽ Ŋu nu la, ɖeko nusi le tsia dzi le tsi si le tsia dzi me la nyrɔna vaseɖe esime wòɖe tsi ƒe lolome si sɔ kple eya ŋutɔ ƒe kpekpeme ɖa. Esi wònye be amegbetɔ ƒe lãkusiwo lolo abe afã ene abe ke gbagbe ene ta la, ame si ƒe dzi dze eme si dzudzɔa ƒoƒo la aɖo tsi ƒe dadasɔ gbɔ le dzɔdzɔme nu eye aƒu tsi le tsi me vaseɖe woƒe akɔta alo akɔta titina ko. Mɔ ɖeka kolia si dzi ame tona yia ete keŋkeŋ enye ne vɔvɔ̃ ɖoe eye wòƒoe ɖe tsitrenu esime wòdo agba kpekpe aɖe, alo ne ƒutsotsoe aɖe si gbɔna do ɖe woƒe ta dzi esime woƒe afɔ siwo le ete gakpɔtɔ le tsikpe si le ete la me.

2. Viscosity si menye Newton tɔ o kple vacuum trap¶

Ke kple anyi xɔdzo wɔa nu abe tsi siwo menye Newton tɔ o ene (eɖanye lãɖeɖe alo lãɖeɖe ƒe ʋeʋẽ le anyi kple ke ƒe sɔsɔme nu):

3. Newton ƒe heheŋusẽ ƒe akɔntabubu si nye 1,500¶

Nudokpɔƒe dodokpɔ siwo dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununyala siwo le Amsterdam Yunivɛsiti kple ENS Paris ta ɖe Dzɔdzɔme me dzidze ŋusẽ si tututu hiã be woatsɔ ahe amegbetɔ ƒe afɔ ɖeka si xaxa la tẽ tso ke gbagbe si woƒo ƒu me le kɔkɔƒe si sɔ si nye sentimeta 1 le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me: ebia ŋusẽ si ade Newton 100,000 ne wowɔe kabakaba, alo ne mede ɖeke o la, ** 1,000 va ɖo Newton 1,500 (si sɔ kple kpekpeme si ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 100 va ɖo 150 / pounde 220 va ɖo 330 kɔkɔ kple afɔ ɖeka)** be woaɖu ya si le afɔa te kple ʋuʋudedi si le nyivi la ŋu dzi ko.

That is why tying a rope to a trapped person's wrists or waist and pulling with a group of bystanders, a boat, or an ATV winch is strictly forbidden by professional mud-rescue teams: the mud holds the lower legs stronger than human hip, knee, and shoulder joints can withstand.

Step-by-step self-rescue: how to get yourself out alone¶

If you step into quicksand, glacial silt, or a mudflat and feel yourself drop past your knees, execute this 5-step self-extraction protocol immediately:

Step 1: Shed weight and widen your footprint in the first 5 seconds¶

1. Do not try to take another step forward and do not try to pull one leg up while standing on the other leg: Lifting your left leg puts 100 percent of your body weight onto your right foot, driving your right leg twice as deep into the silt like a pile driver.
2. Unsling your backpack and lay it flat on the mud surface right in front of you or behind you: Your pack immediately acts as a snowshoe/floatboard on top of the mud where you can rest your chest, forearms, or upper back without sinking. If you are carrying hiking poles, a rifle, a fishing rod, or driftwood, lay them flat across the surface under your armpits.

Step 2: Shift from vertical to horizontal (The Back-Float Posture)¶

• If the mud or quicksand has a thin layer of water on top or is soft: Slowly lean your upper back and shoulders backward until your back, shoulders, and head are resting flat on the surface of the mud like you are floating on your back in a swimming pool.
• Why lying back works: In a vertical standing posture, all 70 to 90 kilograms (155 to 200 pounds) of your weight is concentrated on two small 250-square-centimeter boot soles. Leaning flat onto your back shifts two-thirds of your body weight off your legs and spreads it across 6,000+ square centimeters of your torso, immediately stopping all downward sinking.

Step 3: Liquefy the column around one leg at a time¶

Now that your torso weight is supported on your back (or leaning forward over your flat backpack):

1. Focus on one leg only (whichever leg is slightly shallower).
2. Begin moving that thigh and shin in tiny, slow circular or figure-eight stirring motions (moving only 1 to 2 centimeters / 0.5 to 1 inch left, right, forward, and back).
3. Wait for water to trickle down into the gap: As your calf presses slightly against the walls of the hole, it opens a narrow conical gap around your leg. Surface water (or pore water from the mud) trickles down into that gap along your shin.
4. Keep gently rotating and flexing your ankle for 2 to 5 minutes. You will feel the tight cement-like grip around your calf gradually soften into a soupy liquid slurry as water reaches your ankle and breaks the vacuum seal under your heel.
5. Ne anyi gogloe wotsɔ ga ƒo wò afɔkpa: Tsɔ asi ɖeka do asi ɖe wò afɔkpodzi dzi (esi nèle wò akɔta lém ɖe wò afɔkpa dzi), ɖe wò afɔkpa ƒe ka alo ɖe asi le wo ŋu, eye nàhe wò afɔ si wotsɔ afɔkpa wɔe la blewuu ado goe le afɔkpaa me. Todzizɔfɔkpa alo wellington-fɔkpa si ƒe home nye dɔlar 150 ƒe bu menye naneke ne wotsɔe sɔ kple ƒutsotsoe si le dzidzim ɖe edzi lé wò o.

Afɔɖeɖe 4: He klo si woɖe le eme la blewuu ɖe anyigba¶

• Esi nèyi edzi le ʋuʋu blewuu ƒo xlãe esime nèmlɔ wò akɔta la, he wò klo si woɖe mɔ na la blewuu yi dzi le dzogoe si nye dzidzenu 45 dzi ɖo ta wò akɔta le afɔɖeɖe si nye megawu sentimeta 1 le sɛkɛnd ɖeka me o.
• Zi alesi wò nyivi kple afɔ ʋuʋu ɖe anyigbaʋuʋua ƒe tame la, tsɔ afɔ ma da anyigba gbadzaa ɖe anyigbaʋuʋua tame le tsia dzi (mègagbugbɔ wò afɔ da ɖe anyi le tsitrenu gbeɖe o).
• Gbɔ ɖe eme sɛkɛnd 30, emegbe nàgbugbɔ awɔ blewuu ƒe ʋuʋu blewu ma ke tututu be nàvo wò afɔ evelia vaseɖe esime afɔ eveawo namlɔ anyi gbadzaa ɖe anyigbaʋuʋua tame.

Afɔɖeɖe 5: Tsɔe ƒu gbe alo nàƒu tsi atrɔ ayi anyigba sesẽ dzi¶

Ne ènya mlɔ anyi gbadzaa ɖe ke alo anyikpe si le gbadzaa la tame eye wò afɔ eveawo navo ko la:

• Mègatsi tre gbeɖe be yeazɔ o vaseɖe esime nàgatrɔ ava kpe sesẽ, gbe ƒuƒu, alo kpe gbadzɛwo dzi keŋkeŋ. Ne ètsi tre meta 3 (afɔ 10) tso ƒuta la, aƒo wò agbugbɔ aƒo to anyigbaʋuʋua me vaseɖe wò akɔta.
• Ke boŋ, mili ɖe axadzi abe ati ene le anyigbaʋuʋua dzi, alo mlɔ anyi gbadzaa ɖe wò dɔgbo/akɔta eye nàzã kɔtaƒoƒo / akɔtaƒu tsiƒuƒu blewuu (atutu wò akɔtagbalẽvi ɖe ŋgɔwò) atsɔ aƒu gbe ɖe wò ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme si woma la dzi to anyigba sesẽa tame vaseɖe anyigba sesẽ dzi.

Kpekpe ɖe ame bubu si tsi mɔ̃ me ŋu evɔ màzu amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii evelia o¶

Ne todzizɔhati, ɖevi, alo avu aɖe ge to anyigba goglo alo ke gbagbewo me esime nègakpɔtɔ le anyigba sesẽ dzi la, wò se #1 enye: MÈGADO go le anyigbaʋuʋua dzi tẽe alé wo o.

1. Yɔ Mud / Coast Guard Rescue si nye dɔnyala enumake le ƒutsotsoewo ƒe teƒewo¶

Dzotsidɔwɔƒe kple ƒutadzɔla bibiwo Anyigbaʋuʋu Ŋuti Mɔ̃ɖaŋudɔwɔlawo zãa dɔwɔnu tɔxɛ siwo eteƒekpɔla mate ŋu agbugbɔ awɔ o:

• Wodoa mud pattens / mudders gã siwo wobla ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu (aluminum si ƒe ʋuƒo keke alo snofɔkpa ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe nuƒolanɔƒe siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒu wɔe siwo dzia afɔ ƒe anyigba ƒe lolome zi gbɔ zi ene), wotua xɔnamemɔ siwo me ya le (Mud Sleds) toa gbadzaƒeawo, eye wotsɔa ya kple tsi ƒe akplɔ siwo woƒo: gakpo didi siwo me do le siwo wotsɔ do ƒome kple scuba tanks alo tsipɔmpi siwo wotsɔ ƒua du ɖe anyi le amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe afɔ siwo xaxa la xa be woado tsi alo ya si wotsɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu wɔe ƒe gbagbã ɖe amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii ƒe afɔ te tututu, si agbã tsi si me tsi mele o le sɛkɛnd 5 me ale be amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii la naƒu tsi ado goe tututu.

2. Alesi eteƒekpɔlawo ate ŋu akpe asi ɖe eŋu dedie tso ƒuta esime wole lalam¶

1. De dzesi afisi amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii le kple GPS-pin kple ƒutadzesi si wokpɔna: Le anyigba gbadza alo dzetsi si keke, si me nɔnɔme aɖeke mele o dzi la, gblɔ wò smartphone GPS ƒe nɔnɔmetata siwo sɔ pɛpɛpɛ (alo what3words nya etɔ̃ ƒe dzogoe ene me) na 911/112/999 dɔdɔla eye nàbla jaketi si le keklẽm ɖe ati aɖe si le ƒuta si sɔ kple amesi ŋu wowɔ nuvevii tẽ ale be xɔnametɔ siwo va ɖo la nate ŋu akpɔ wo enumake.
2. Throw or push a "Weight-Distribution Platform" out to the victim: Look around the beach, boat launch, or trail for anything flat and wide that floats or spreads weight:
   • A surfboard, paddleboard (SUP), kayak, or canoe
   • A wooden plank, sheet of plywood, ladder, or drift log
   • An inflatable air mattress, sleeping pad, life jacket (PFD), or empty water jerrycan
   • Two large backpacks zipped shut
   • Tie a rope to the board or craft if you have one, and slide it across the mud to the victim so they can lean their chest and arms onto the platform to stop sinking and lever their torso weight off their legs.
3. Give the victim a tool to dig and channel water down their legs: Toss them a kayak paddle, trekking pole, or smooth wooden stick (tied to a cord so they do not lose it). The victim can slide the paddle blade or stick straight down along the outside of their thigh and calf and rock it gently back and forth to open a water channel down to their ankle, breaking the vacuum seal.
4. Keep the victim warm from above: Wet mud at 5 to 10 degrees Celsius (41 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit) rapidly drains body heat from the lower body. Toss the victim a warm dry jacket, wool hat, and windbreaker to put on their upper body while they work their legs free or wait for rescue.
5. If you must use a rope after the victim's legs are loosened: Never tie a rope around a victim's bare waist or wrists and yank upward from a high bank. Only after the victim has worked water down around their legs, broken the vacuum, and leaned flat onto their back or stomach on a board, loop the rope under both of their armpits (across a life jacket or folded coat pad) and apply slow, gentle horizontal tension while the victim kicks and swims themselves across the surface.

Post-extraction medical care: hypothermia, shock, and hydrostatic crush injury¶

Once a person is pulled free from deep mud, quicksand, or a cold peat bog, do not let them stand up and try to walk back to the car immediately.

1. Circum-rescue collapse and hydrostatic squeeze¶

When a person has been trapped waist- or chest-deep in heavy dense mud for 30 minutes to several hours, two dangerous physiological shifts occur inside their lower body:

• Tsi ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe tɔtrɔ (Post-Immersion Collapse): Anyigba si me ʋuʋudedi le la ƒe kpekpeme sɔ gbɔ wu tsi zi gbɔ zi eve eye wòwɔa gotagome nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ aɖe ɖe afɔ, nyivi, kple ata ƒe ʋukawo ŋu, si ƒoa ʋu yia dzi yia akɔta ƒe nuto me esime wòna afɔawo fa miamiamia le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me. Ne èhe amea do goe le ʋuʋudedi me eye nètsi tre enumake la, gotagome nyaƒoɖeamenu ma nu yina zi ɖeka: ʋu ƒua du yia anyi enumake yia afɔ ƒe ʋuka fafɛ siwo keke la me, si wɔnɛ be ʋu ƒe sisi dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna zi ɖeka yia dzi kple ahɔhɔ̃a me (orthostatic shock) alo wòhea ventricular fibrillation si wua ame vɛ esime afɔ ƒe ʋu si fa miamiamia abe tsikpe ene la trɔna yia dzi si le dzo dam la me (le tsi megbe).
• Prolonged Compartment / Crush Syndrome: Ne amea xaxa ɖe sediment dense, compressing sediment me hena wu gaƒoƒo 2 va ɖo 4 la, lãmeka siwo le nyivi alo ata me ate ŋu axɔ ischemia (oxygen dɔwuame), si aƒo potassium kple myoglobin nu ƒu si dona ɖe ʋuka me ne woɖee.
• Nɔnɔme nyuitɔ le xɔname megbe: Na ame si woɖe la nanɔ anyi mlɔ anyi gbadzaa le tsia dzi le anyigba ƒuƒui dzi (alo woatsɔe axe mɔ ɖe pads/jackets dzi le anyigba fafɛa dzi) hena aɖabaƒoƒo 15 va ɖo 30 ya teti. Lã alo ɖe afɔkpa kple sox siwo wotsɔ anyikpe ƒo tsikpe me la ɖa blewu, xatsa wo ɖe avɔ ƒuƒu alo agbetsitsi ƒe akplo si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o me (si tsyɔ ta kple kɔ dzi), na aha vivi siwo me aha muame mele o siwo me dzo le ne èle ŋudzɔ bliboe, eye nàna kpekpeɖeŋunalawo natsɔ wo to abadzivɔ dzi ayi kɔdzi be woalé ŋku ɖe woƒe dzoxɔxɔ, elektrikŋusẽ, kple ayiku ŋu.

Ƒuta mudflat, slot canyon, kple agado ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu ƒe ɖaseɖigbalẽ¶

Hafi nàzɔ to ƒuta gbadzawo, tɔsisi siwo me tsikpe le siwo wobla ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu, dzogbewo ƒe tsilelewo, alo dziehe gbedadaƒowo dzi la, wɔ ɖe se ade siawo dzi be màgaɖe afɔ ɖe mɔ̃ aɖe me o:

• Kpɔ Tide Tables siwo dziɖuɖua da asi ɖo le mia gbɔ eye nàtsɔ gaƒoƒo 2 ƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe mɔxenu akpe ɖe eŋu: Mègazɔ yi ƒuta ƒe anyigbaʋuʋuwo, kewo, alo ƒutsotsoewo ƒe mɔdodowo dzi gbeɖe le ƒutsotsoe si gbɔna (tsiɖɔɖɔ) si gbɔna dzi o. Ðeko nàdo go le ƒutsotsoe si le gegem (ebb) dzi, nàɖo ɣlidodo be wòatrɔ ɖe megbe gaƒoƒo 1 ya teti hafi ƒutsotsoe si le ɖiɖim sesĩe, eye nàlé ŋku ɖe ya ƒe mɔfiame ŋu (ya sesẽ si ƒona le anyigba dzi tua ƒutsotsoea ɖe eme vaseɖe miniti 45 do ŋgɔ eye wòƒua du wu ƒutsotsoewo ƒe kplɔ̃ si wota).
• Do todzizɔti alo ati didi aɖe kpɔ anyigba si ŋu ɖikeke le le ŋgɔwò: Tsɔ todzizɔti alo ati sesẽ aɖe ɖe asi. Hafi nàɖe afɔ ɖe tɔsisi ƒe ke ƒuƒluwo, tsikpe xɔdzowo, alo ʋuʋudedi dama siwo le keklẽm dzi la, ƒo atikpoa sesĩe ɖe anyigba si le ŋgɔwò; ne atikpoa nyrɔ agbagbadzedze aɖeke manɔmee vaseɖe eƒe asibidɛ dzi alo na anyigba si ƒo xlãe si didi meta 2 (afɔ 6) le ʋuʋum abe jelly (liquefaction) ene la, zɔ gbadzaa ƒo xlãe le kpe gbadzɛ alo kpe kɔkɔwo dzi.
• Srɔ̃ nuxlɔ̃amedzesi siwo wokpɔna le ke gbagbewo kple do goglo siwo le agadowo me:
  • Le tɔsisiwo kple baliwo me: Kpɔ nyuie le ke siwo le gbadzaa, siwo xɔ dzo, siwo me ƒutsotsoewo le ŋu le tɔsisiwo ƒe akpa siwo le eme alo afisiwo anyigba te tsi sina yia dzi le, vevietɔ le afisiwo afɔtoƒe siwo nɔ anyi va yi yɔ fũ kple tsi eye wobu.
  • Le dziehe peat-towo kple gbenyigbawo dzi: Ƒo asa na neon-amagbe si le keklẽm alo lime-amagbe si me kɔ nyuie si ƒe amadede nye velvety moss (Sphagnum cuspidatum) si nànɔ anyi ɖe anyigba gbadzawo dzi; sphagnum dama si klẽna la tsina ɖe tsita goglo siwo me goglo o ("bog pools") tame tẽ, gake heather si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, sedge tussocks, kple hummocks siwo ƒu wu dea dzesi peat si sesẽ wu.
• Na wò akɔtagbalẽvi ƒe akɔtaɖonu kple akɔta ƒe ka naʋu ne èle anyigbaʋuʋu alo tɔsisiwo tsom: Ne èƒu du alo nyrɔ ɖe tsi goglo kple anyigbaʋuʋu me la, ne èɖe wò akɔtaɖonu kpekpea xoxo la, ana nàɖe akɔtagbalẽvia ɖa le wò abɔta le sɛkɛnd 2 me.
• Tsɔ VHF ƒudzi radio alo satellite SOS messenger si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o ɖe akɔta kotoku me: Mègatsɔ wò fon alo PLB de wò akɔtagbalẽvi me le mudflat dzi gbeɖe o; na wòabla ɖe kotoku si me tsi mate ŋu age ɖo o me le wò akɔta alo abɔtaɖonu dzi ale be nàte ŋu aƒo ka na Ƒuta Dzɔlawo ne anyi gbadzɛwo tsyɔ wò asiwo dzi gɔ̃ hã.
• Mègazɔ to tɔʋu xɔŋkɔ siwo me ƒutsotsoewo le la dzi gbeɖe ne nutoa me mɔfiala aɖeke mele afima o: Tɔsisi gãwo abe Morecambe Bay kple Solway Firth (UK), Mont-Saint-Michel Bay (France), Turnagain Arm / Cook Inlet (Alaska), kple Bay of Fundy (Canada) ene ɖea tɔsisiwo ƒe tɔsisiwo kple ƒutsotsoe siwo trɔna le anyigba te fiana ƒu du gena ɖe eme kple duƒuƒu kilometa 15 va ɖo 25 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me (9 va ɖo 15 le gaƒoƒo ɖeka me). Mɔ siwo wode dzesii alo mɔfiala si ŋu woɖo kpee le nutoa me koe nàtso.

Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Wolé ŋku ɖe dzɔtsoƒewo ŋu¶

• HM Coastguard and Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA, United Kingdom): Mud Rescue Operational Procedures, Coastal Mudflat Safety Advisories, and Hydrostatic Extraction Standards
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): NFPA 1006 / NFPA 1670 Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents (Surface Water, Ice, and Mud/Silt Trench Entrapment)
• National Park Service (NPS, United States) and Alaska Department of Natural Resources (United States): Canyon Country Quicksand Mechanics (Glen Canyon / Zion) and Glacial Silt / Estuarine Mudflat Survival Guidelines (Turnagain Arm & Wrangell-St. Elias)
• Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI, United Kingdom) and Bay Search and Rescue (Morecambe Bay, United Kingdom): Tidal Mudflat Entrapment Physics, Compressed Air/Water Lance Release, and Post-Immersion Collapse Prevention
• Nature (Bonn, D., Khaldoun, A., et al., University of Amsterdam & ENS Paris): "Liquefaction of Quicksand Under Stress" (Rheology, Buoyancy Equilibrium, and Newton Extraction Force Calculations)
• Mountaineering Scotland and Irish Peatland Conservation Council (United Kingdom & Ireland): Peat Bog / Quaking Mire Hazard Identification and Self-Rescue Protocols

Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Rip currents and ocean water emergencies
• Bu esime wònɔ todzizɔzɔ alo asaɖa me nɔm
• Dzogbe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si nu sẽ kple vuvɔ
• Crush injury kple compartment syndrome ƒe dɔléle
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woatsɔ awɔ nudzɔdzɔ kpatawoe