Adarí Gbigba agbara Oorun MPPT Din-folti-Fry ni Sub-Zero Tutu, Iṣiro iwọn otutu Voc, ati Titiipa Gbigba agbara Igba otutu BMS¶

Rin sinu agọ rẹ ti o wa ni pipa-grid, ile-iṣọ oorun, ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ camper, tabi ile kekere lori okuta-kia, iha-odo ni owurọ igba otutu ni 07:30 lati gbõrun acrid iná Electronics, wo a okú iboju tabi "Error #20 / PV Over-Voltage" lori ** Titọpa Ojuami Agbara ti o pọju (MPPT) oludari idiyele oorun *** (Victron SmartSolar, Renogy Rover, MidNite Classic, Epever, OutBack FM80, or EG4/Sol-Ark hybrid inverter), ati ki o wa rẹ LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate* banki batiri titii pa 0 Amps ti gbigba agbara jẹ ọkan ninu apanirun julọ ati awọn pajawiri igba otutu ti ko loye ni pipa-akoj agbara. Awọn ofin ti ara olominira meji kọlu ni owurọ igba otutu didi: (1) Ko dabi gbogbo ẹrọ itanna miiran, silikoni photovoltaic (1)PVAwọn panẹli oorun gbejade ni pataki * foliteji ti o ga julọ bi wọn ti n tutu sii ** (rising by 0.30% to 0.40% for every 1°C drop below 25°C / 77°F), ati ** (2) Litiumu Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Awọn sẹẹli batiri jiya didasilẹ litiumu ti fadaka ti ko le yipada ti o ba gba agbara ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F), fi ipa mu Eto Iṣakoso Batiri inu wọn (BMSlati mu ṣii idiyele MOSFETs (Low-Temperature Charge Protection - LTCP).

Nigbati awọn iṣẹlẹ meji naa ṣẹlẹ ni akoko kanna ni ila-oorun lori a -25°C (-13°F) owurọ, rẹ tutunini LiFePO4 batiri BMS ṣe idiwọ gbogbo sisan lọwọlọwọ (holding the solar array at 100% Open-Circuit Voltage - Voc pẹlu fifuye odo lati fa foliteji si isalẹ), lakoko ti o tutu-odo pẹlu didan yinyin-albedo ṣe awakọ okun oorun ti o wọn lailewu 136 Volts ni Oṣu Keje taara si 163 Volts, lesekese punching nipasẹ awọn 150V ohun alumọni MOSFET aja ti oludari MPPT rẹ ati kukuru ti oludari jade ninu awọsanma ẹfin. Ti olutona oorun ti o pọ ju, oluyipada, tabi banki batiri lithium ti n mu siga, arcing, tabi ina ni bayi, lọ kuro lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o pe nọmba pajawiri ti agbegbe rẹ (911 ni Ilu Amẹrika ati Kanada, 112 jakejado European Union, 999 ni United Kingdom, 000 ni Australia) tabi kan si alagbawo pajawiri awọn nọmba. Fun itanna ti o ni ibatan ati awọn pajawiri pa-akoj igba otutu, wo apọju inverter pa-grid, oluṣakoso idiyele sisun, ati Circuit kukuru banki batiri 12V/24V/48V, pipa-akoj oorun, omi, ati egbin ikuna, ati itanna ina.

Ṣe eyi ni bayi¶

1. ** TI AWỌN NIPA TI AWỌN ỌJỌ ỌJỌ ỌRUN RẸ N ṢAfihan Itaniji LORI-FOLTAGE (e.g., Victron Error #19 / #20 / #24, Epever E08, Renogy E08), Tite ni kiakia, TABI gbigbona ni owurọ ti o didi: Jabọ Tarp Dudu tabi ibora si ori igbimọ kan ni Okun jara kọọkan KI o to fi ọwọ kan eyikeyi fifọ ti ko ni iyasọtọ tabi Asopọ MC4.**
2. ** MASE yọ plug oke kan MC4 asopo oorun tabi ṣii ẹrọ fifọ DC ti kii ṣe pola ti ko ni poku lakoko ti oorun didan n kọlu awọn panẹli ati lọwọlọwọ n ṣan (or if the MPPT input FETs have shorted together.** Taara-lọwọlọwọ (DC) awọn okun oorun ni 100V to 500V DC ni odo alternating-lọwọlọwọ odo-rekọja ojuami; nfa ohun MC4 plug yato si labẹ fifuye fa a lemọlemọfún **3,000°C (5,400°F) pilasima arc *** ti o yo asopo ṣiṣu ni ọwọ ibọwọ rẹ ti o ṣeto awọn rafters orule lori ina.
3. ** Bii o ṣe le pa foliteji orun lailewu ni iṣẹju-aaya 30: ** Ti o ba ni iwọn daradara, polarised **IMO / MidNite Solar Two-Pole PV Rotary Isolator tabi PV Breaker Voltage giga **, mu si OFF. Ti o ba fura pe oludari rẹ ti kuru ni inu tabi o ni igboro nikan MC4 pilogi, ** jabọ tapu akomo ti o wuwo, ibora gbigbe, tabi nkan ti paali alapin kọja panẹli kan kan ninu okun jara rẹ *** (tabi duro titi di aṣalẹ); iboji nronu kan ṣubu okun lọwọlọwọ si odo ki o le ṣii ge asopọ PV lailewu ki o tun atunto naa pada.
4. ** Ṣe idanwo boya Alakoso Gbigba agbara MPPT rẹ wa ninu nikan "Non-Destructive Over-Voltage Lockout" TABI ti awọn MOSFET Input PV inu jẹ "Blown Short-Circuit".**
5. Ni kete ti PV orun ti ge asopọ lati awọn igbewọle oludari (PV+ ati PV-), ṣeto multimeter oni-nọmba rẹ si ** DC Volts (V===*** ki o si wọn kọja awọn onirin oorun ti o ṣii ti o wa lati orule: ti kika ba wa loke aja lile ti oludari rẹ (e.g., > 100V on a Victron 100/50, > 150V on a 150/35, or > 250V on a 250/100), ** oju ojo tutu ti ta ọna rẹ lori okuta ***.
6. Nigbamii, yipada multimeter rẹ si ** Ilọsiwaju / Resistance (Ohms Ω*** ati wiwọn kọja asopọ ti a ti ge **PV+ ati PV- dabaru ebute lori MPPT adarí ara ***: ti o ba ti mita beeps 0.0 to 2.0 Ohms (dead short) tabi awọn PV ebute fihan foliteji batiri bọ sẹhin jade ti oorun ebute oko, awọn ti abẹnu input Idaabobo MOSFETs / TVS diode rubọ ara wọn ati awọn oludari gbọdọ wa ni rọpo.
7. ** Yipada foliteji ARRAY RẸ nipasẹ 50% ni iṣẹju 15 ni bayi nipa yiyipada awọn panẹli rẹ lati All-Series (4S or 3S) sinu Series-Parallel (2S2P) (tabi fori 1 nronu jade ninu okun).**
8. Iwọ ko ** nilo lati ra oludari idiyele agbara-foliteji tuntun lati gba agbara agọ rẹ pada loni. Nìkan rin jade si orun oorun (pẹlu fifọ PV OFF ati ọkan nronu tarped), yọọ awọn MC4 jumpers ti o so awọn panẹli ** 4 rẹ ni lẹsẹsẹ (4S = 4 x Voc, ki o tun wọn pọ bi ** 2 awọn gbolohun ọrọ ti o jọra ti awọn panẹli 2 ni jara (2S2P = 2 x Voc, 2 x Amps, tabi nirọrun ** yọọ 1 nronu kuro (dropping 4S down to 3S)**. Ige a 4S okun si 3S tabi 2S2P Lẹsẹkẹsẹ ju foliteji kekere-odo rẹ silẹ nipasẹ ** 25% si 50% ***, mu oludari rẹ pada si ọtun window iṣẹ ṣiṣe ailewu lakoko jiṣẹ wattage kanna gangan (Volts x Amps = Watts).
9. ** TI RẸ LiFePO4 BATTERY LITHIUM WA NI 0 AMPS IDI NITORI OF 0°C (32°F) BMS LOW-TEMPERATURE LOCKOUT: Gbona Batiri mojuto Loke +5°C (41°F) Ṣaaju Gbigba Gbigba agbara oorun tabi monomono eyikeyi.**
10. ** Maṣe gbiyanju lati “tan” tabi fori kan tio tutunini LiFePO4 BMS lati fi agbara mu gbigba agbara ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F)* Gbigba agbara sẹẹli litiumu iron fosifeti tio tutunini ti o fa ** dendritic ti fadaka litiumu plating ** lori anode graphite, npa agbara run patapata ati ṣiṣẹda eewu ina kukuru kukuru inu inu.
11. Ṣe akiyesi pe lakoko ti o ko le gba agbara *** a LiFePO4 batiri ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F), BMS naa tun gba ọ laaye lati ** DISCHARGE (draw power out of*** batiri si isalẹ -20°C (-4°F). Lo agbara itusilẹ batiri ti o ku (tabi igo omi gbona kekere ti o ya sọtọ / paadi imorusi silikoni 12V inu apoti tutu foomu XPS) lati gbona awọn sẹẹli batiri loke +5°C (41°F), ni aaye wo BMS yoo tilekun yiyi idiyele rẹ laifọwọyi ati gba lọwọlọwọ oorun ni kikun lẹẹkansi.

Igi ipinnu: Ṣiṣayẹwo igba otutu owurọ pipa-akoj oorun outage¶

flowchart TD
    A["Sunny Sub-Zero Igba otutu owurọ: Zero Solar Ngba agbara Wattis Ti nwọle Banki Batiri"] --> B{"Ṣayẹwo iboju Adarí Gbigba agbara MPPT / Ohun elo Bluetooth & Olfato fun Itanna Itanna"}
    B -->|"1. Adarí Han 'PV Lori-Voltaji' OR iboju Òkú / sisun oorun"| C["Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ Ìṣẹ̀lẹ̀ FÚN Ọ̀RỌ̀ OJU OJU OJU-OJU: Silicon panel foliteji dide 15% si 25% ni iha-odo otutu, ti o kọja MPPT Max PV Input Limit (fun apẹẹrẹ, 100V, 150V, tabi 250V)"]
    C --> D["Iboju 1 nronu pẹlu tarp dudu -> Yipada PV Isolator PA -> Ṣe iwọn foliteji ṣiṣii PV & ṣayẹwo awọn ebute MPPT PV +/PV- fun kukuru kukuru"]
    D --> E["ITOJU OGBẸ Lẹsẹkẹsẹ: Tun awọn panẹli pada lati 4S si 3S tabi 2S2P lati ju okun Voc silẹ nipasẹ 25%-50% (Rọpo MPPT ti MOSFETs titẹ sii kuru)"]
    B -->|"2. MPPT Ṣe afihan Deede PV Foliteji (fun apẹẹrẹ, 85V) & 'Bulk/Float' TABI '0.0A' Lakoko ti Batiri Wa Ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F)"| F["LiFePO4 BMS IDAABOBO idiyele iwọn otutu kekere (LTCP): sensọ iwọn otutu inu batiri jẹ <0°C (32°F), idilọwọ gbogbo idiyele ti nwọle lọwọlọwọ"]
    F --> G["Maṣe fi agbara mu agbara: Fi batiri si inu apoti foomu 50 mm XPS ti o ya sọtọ pẹlu paadi imorusi 12V tabi awọn igo omi gbona ti a di titi di iwọn otutu> +5°C (41°F)"]
    B -->|"3. Mejeeji PV Foliteji = 0V ati Batiri BMS ti ku patapata (0.0V ni Awọn ebute)"| H["BMS labẹ-FOLTAGE titiipa orun: Batiri sisan ni moju -> BMS ṣiṣi silẹ FETs -> MPPT agbara sọnu"]
    H --> I["Pa PV Breaker PA -> Bibẹrẹ / Ji BMS pẹlu ipese ibujoko 12V/24V/48V, idii ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ, tabi batiri 9V kọja awọn ebute -> Tan Batiri -> Tan PV ON"]

Fisiksi ati mathimatiki: Kini idi ti awọn panẹli oorun n yi ni foliteji ni awọn owurọ igba otutu igba otutu¶

Gbogbo panẹli oorun ti a ṣelọpọ nigbagbogbo ni awọn nọmba meji ti a tẹjade lori ẹhin rẹ ** Awọn ipo Idanwo Standard (STC, idanwo ni 25°C / 77°F iwọn otutu sẹẹli)** sitika sipesifikesonu ti o ṣe akoso iwalaaye igba otutu:

1. Voc (Open-Circuit Voltage ni 25°C / 77°F* Foliteji ti o pọ julọ ti nronu n ṣejade nigbati lọwọlọwọ odo ba nṣàn (e.g., 37.5V, 41.2V, tabi 49.5V).
2. **Temperature Coefficient of Voc (β_Voc): *** Ṣafihan bi -%/°C (nigbagbogbo -0.28%/°C si -0.35%/°C fun monocrystalline paneli) tabi -mV/°C. Nitori mejeeji iyeida (-0.34%/°C) ati iwọn otutu silẹ ni isalẹ 25°C (e.g., -25°C - 25°C = -50°C) jẹ awọn nọmba odi, isodipupo wọn papọ ṣe agbejade ** ilosoke foliteji POSITIVE nla **.

====================================================================================
     NEC ARTICLE 690.7 COLD-WEATHER SOLAR OPEN-CIRCUIT VOLTAGE (Voc) FORMULA
====================================================================================

   Cold_Voc = String_Voc_STC x [ 1 + ( (25°C - Record_Low_Temp_°C) x |Temp_Coeff_%| ) ]

   REAL-WORLD EXAMPLE THAT FRIES A 150V CHARGE CONTROLLER (e.g., Victron 150/35):
   * Setup: Four 400W panels wired in series (4S). Each panel has Voc = 37.0V at 25°C
     and a Temperature Coefficient of Voc = -0.34% / °C.
   * Summer Voltage at 25°C (77°F):
       4 panels x 37.0V = 148.0V  --> (Under 150V limit; works fine all summer)
   * Winter Morning at -25°C (-13°F) [A 50°C drop below 25°C STC]:
       Voltage Gain = 50°C drop x 0.34%/°C = +17.0% Voltage Increase
       Cold_Voc = 148.0V x 1.17 = 173.16 VOLTS DC
   * RESULT: At 07:30 AM on a -25°C morning, 173.2V hits a 150V-rated MPPT controller,
     exceeding the absolute 150V MOSFET breakdown rating by 23.2 Volts and frying it.
====================================================================================

Awọn ọna-itọkasi NEC 690.7 tutu-ojo Voc Multiplier Table (Ati O pọju Ailewu Summer Okun Voc)¶

Labẹ awọn ** U.S. Koodu Itanna Orilẹ-ede (NEC Table 690.7(A), ** Koodu Itanna Ilu Kanada (CEC Section 64, ati ** IEC 62548 ***, ti o ko ba ni iwe iye iwọn otutu gangan ti nronu rẹ ni iwaju rẹ, isodipupo okun lapapọ rẹ. Voc (at 25°C) nipasẹ dandan atunse otutu-otutu ifosiwewe ni isalẹ, tabi nìkan rii daju rẹ ** won 25°C okun Voc ko koja "Max Safe 25°C Okun Vociwe *** fun iwọn oludari rẹ:

Kini idi ti LiFePO4 Titiipa BMS + Ipa Snow Albedo jẹ ki Ilaorun ni akoko ikuna gangan¶

Ọpọlọpọ awọn onile beere: "Duro: ni kete ti oorun ba wa ati MPPT bẹrẹ iyaworan lọwọlọwọ, ko ni foliteji orun silẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ lati Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc = 41V/panel) si isalẹ lati Ṣiṣẹ Agbara Foliteji (Vmp = 33V/panel)?"

Ni akoko ooru, bẹẹni: ni kete ti imọlẹ oorun ba de awọn panẹli, MPPT fa lọwọlọwọ sinu batiri naa, nfa orun si isalẹ lati Vmp. ** Ni igba otutu, awọn ẹgẹ meji ṣe idiwọ ju silẹ yẹn: ***

1. ** Pakute 1: Tirẹ LiFePO4 Batiri BMS wa ninu 0°C (32°F) Titiipa gbigba agbara:** Nitoripe banki batiri rẹ tutu ni isalẹ didi ni alẹ, BMS inu batiri naa ti ** ṣii iyipada idiyele rẹ . Nitori batiri kọ lati gba ani 0.1 Amps ti idiyele, ** MPPT oludari ko le fifuye awọn oorun paneli si isalẹ lati Vmp. Eto oorun joko ni idamu ni 100% Ṣiṣii-Circuit Voltage ti a ko gbe silẹ (Voc gbogbo owurọ ni oorun igba otutu gbigbona.
2. ** Pakute 2: "Awọsanma-Edge & Snow-Albedo Irradiance Spikes" (1,200+ W/m²):** Lakoko ti awọn sẹẹli oorun ṣi wa ni yinyin-tutu ni -25°C (-13°F) ṣaaju ki õrùn ti ni akoko lati gbona gilasi dudu, awọn igun-oorun-kekere ṣe afihan pipa egbon funfun tuntun lori ilẹ (** snow albedo = 0.80 si 0.90 **) nigbakanna pẹlu imọlẹ orun taara lilu awọn panẹli tilted. Eleyi spikes oorun irradiance loke 1,200 Watts/m², fifi miiran 2% to 3% igbelaruge foliteji logarithmic lori oke iwọn otutu otutu.

Pajawiri Field Fix 1: Bi o si rewire rẹ oorun orun lati 4S si 2S2P (tabi 3S) ni iṣẹju 15¶

Ti okun oorun rẹ ba ti kọja-volting oludari rẹ (tabi ti o ba kan fi sori ẹrọ oludari rirọpo kan ati pe o nilo lati mu foliteji orule silẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ laisi rira okun waya tuntun lati orule si agọ), tunto naa MC4 jumpers lori ẹhin agbeko oorun:

====================================================================================
     REWIRING A 4-PANEL ARRAY FROM "4S" (OVER-VOLT) TO "2S2P" (WINTER-SAFE)
====================================================================================

 [DANGEROUS IN WINTER: 4S (4 Panels in Series)]
   * Each Panel: 400W, Voc = 38V (at 25°C), Imp = 10.5A
   * Summer Voc = 4 x 38V = 152V | Winter (-25°C) Voc = 152V x 1.20 = 182.4V (FRIES 150V MPPT)

   (+) <--- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --- [Panel 3] --- [Panel 4] ---> (-)

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [WINTER-SAFE FIELD FIX A: 3S (Simply Unplug & Bypass 1 Panel, Takes 2 Minutes)]
   * Unplug Panel 4 and connect the negative home-run lead directly to Panel 3 (-).
   * Summer Voc = 3 x 38V = 114V | Winter (-25°C) Voc = 114V x 1.20 = 136.8V (100% SAFE < 150V)

   (+) <--- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --- [Panel 3] ---> (-)    [Panel 4: Disconnected]

 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

 [WINTER-SAFE FIELD FIX B: 2S2P (2 Series Strings in Parallel, Keeps 100% of 1,600W)]
   * Pair Panel 1 + Panel 2 in series (String A = 76V STC).
   * Pair Panel 3 + Panel 4 in series (String B = 76V STC).
   * Combine String A and String B using a pair of $12 MC4 Parallel Y-Branch Connectors.
   * Winter (-25°C) Voc = 76V x 1.20 = 91.2 VOLTS DC | Current = 21.0 Amps (100% SAFE)

            +-- [Panel 1] --- [Panel 2] --+
   (+) <====| (MC4 Y-Branch)              |====> (-) To Cabin MPPT
            +-- [Panel 3] --- [Panel 4] --+
====================================================================================

• (Ayẹwo Wire Wire Nigbati Yipada lati 4S si 2S2P: Nitori iyipada lati 4S si 2S2P gige rẹ foliteji ni idaji ati ki o sekeji rẹ ti isiyi lati 10.5 Amps si 21.0 Amps, rii daju pe okun waya Ejò ti n ṣiṣẹ lati inu akojọpọ titobi rẹ si MPPT rẹ jẹ o kere ju 10 AWG (6 mm², eyi ti o ti won won fun 30 Amps, ati ki o ṣayẹwo pe ko si okun nilo diẹ ẹ sii ju a 15A/20A fiusi inline MC4.)

Atunṣe aaye pajawiri 2: Titaji a LiFePO4 batiri idẹkùn ni 0°C (32°F) BMS titiipa tutu (tabi 0V sun)¶

Nigbati awọn iwọn otutu inu ile batiri ti ko gbona, gareji camper van gareji, tabi ilẹ ile agọ silẹ ni isalẹ didi, a LiFePO4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate* Ile-ifowopamọ batiri le tii ọ jade ni awọn ọna ọtọtọ meji. Ṣe idanimọ iru titiipa ti o ni ṣaaju ki o to fi ọwọ kan awọn ebute naa:

Ọran A: BMS "Idaabobo idiyele Igba otutu-Kekere (LTCP)" (Battery Powers Lights/Inverter Fine, But Refuses to Charge)¶

• ** Kini n ṣẹlẹ: ** Inu rẹ LiFePO4 batiri (Battle Born, SOK, Epoch, EG4, Trophy, LiTime, Chins, Renogy), iwọn otutu NTC kekere kan ti a tẹ si apoti sẹẹli aluminiomu ka ni isalẹ 0°C to +2°C (32°F to 35.6°F). Lati yago fun titọ litiumu ti fadaka, BMS wa ni pipa ** Gbigba agbara MOSFET ** lakoko ti o nlọ ** Sisọ MOSFET *** tan ** ON *** (nitori LiFePO4 awọn sẹẹli le lailewu * itujade * si isalẹ lati -20°C / -4°F).
• ** Kilode ti BMS "Hysteresis" jẹ ki o wa ni titiipa titi di igba +5°C (41°F)* Pupọ julọ awọn igbimọ BMS nilo iwọn otutu sẹẹli inu lati dide pada si +5°C (41°F) (a 5°C hysteresis buffer) ṣaaju ki iyipada idiyele titan pada. Buru, nitori a 100Ah LiFePO4 batiri wọn kilo 11 (25 lbs) ti ipon gbona ibi-, paapa ti o ba awọn agọ air warms soke si 10°C (50°F) ni kẹfa, awọn mojuto ti awọn batiri joko lori kan tutu pakà duro ni -1°C (30°F) fun miiran 6 wakati, jafara gbogbo kukuru igba otutu ferese.
• ** 3 Awọn ọna aaye Ailewu lati gbona Batiri Batiri Loke +5°C (41°F) Loni:**
• Igo Omi Gbona ti a fi edidi + XPS Foam Cooler” Ọna (Ile itanna odo ti a lo): Gbe rẹ si LiFePO4 Batiri inu kula ti o ya sọtọ tabi yika ni gbogbo awọn ẹgbẹ mẹfa (paapaa * labẹ * isalẹ) pẹlu ** 50-milimita (2-inch) kosemi Pink/bulu XPS foomu ọkọ **. Kun awọn igo Nalgene ti o wuwo meji tabi awọn apoti wara ṣiṣu ti a fi edidi pẹlu ** gbona 45°C to 50°C (115°F to 122°F) omi ** (ma ṣe omi farabale, ati rii daju pe awọn fila ko le jo sori awọn ebute), fi wọn sinu aṣọ inura ọwọ kan, ki o si fi wọn si awọn ẹgbẹ ti batiri inu apoti ti o ya sọtọ. Laarin iṣẹju 45 si 60, thermistor inu batiri naa kọja +5°C (41°F), BMS tẹ ni pipade, ati gbigba agbara oorun bẹrẹ.
• ** Ẹtan “Idanu Alapapo Ara-ẹni-iyipada-giga”:** Ti batiri rẹ ba tun ni ipo idiyele 30% si 50% (SoCFi ipari si batiri ni wiwọ sinu apo sisun tabi idabobo foomu ki o tan-an eru ** 500W si 1,000W AC fifuye *** lori oluyipada rẹ (such as an electric kettle, toaster, or hair dryer) fun iṣẹju 10 si 15. Iyaworan 40 to 80 Amps jade ti a otutu LiFePO4 batiri n ṣe agbejade igbona atako ti inu (I²R alapapo ọtun inu awọn sẹẹli nibiti thermistor joko) lakoko ti o nmu ohun elo to wulo.
• ** Fi sori ẹrọ Imudani-Imudanu 12V / 24V / 48V Silicone Battery Heating Pad (30W to 60W):** Fun atunṣe titilai, rọra ifẹhinti alemora **12V ojò rọba silikoni / paadi alapapo batiri pẹlu itumọ-ni 5°C ON / 15°C OFF thermostat *** labẹ batiri inu apoti foomu ti o ya sọtọ, ti firanṣẹ ki o fa agbara nikan nigbati awọn panẹli oorun ba ni agbara lakoko ọsan.

Ọran B: BMS "Gẹ asopọ Foliteji Kekere (LVD / 0.0V Sleep Mode)" (Terminals Read 0.0V to 2.1V and MPPT Will Not Turn On)¶

• Kini n ṣẹlẹ: Batiri rẹ rọ si isalẹ lati 0% SoC (< 10.0V lori batiri 12V, < 20.0V lori 24V, tabi < 40.0V lori 48V) ni alẹ, nitorinaa BMS ṣii ** mejeeji *** Awọn iyipada Sisanjade ati agbara lati ṣafipamọ awọn sẹẹli naa. Nigbati owurọ ba de, oludari oorun MPPT rẹ ti ku nitori ** pupọ julọ awọn oludari MPPT fa agbara ọpọlọ wọn lati awọn ebute Batiri, kii ṣe awọn ebute oorun ***, ati nitori MPPT rii. 0.0V lori awọn onirin batiri, o kọ lati ji dide ki o firanṣẹ pulse idiyele lati ji BMS naa.
• Bi o ṣe le Ji Isun 0.0V LiFePO4 BMS ni iṣẹju 60:
• ** Yipada Oorun (PV) Fifọ OFF** akọkọ.
• Waye orisun foliteji DC ita (matching your nominal system voltage: 12V, 24V, or 48V) kọja batiri sisun (+) ati (-) awọn ebute fun **5 si 10 iṣẹju-aaya *** lati ji chirún BMS:
  • ** Lilo Litiumu ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Jump-Starter Pack * (tẹ awọn " Manual Override / Boost " bọtini lori idii fo ki o ṣejade 12V paapaa nigba ti a ti sopọ si a 0.0V ebute),
  • ** Lilo Alternator Ọkọ / 12V Batiri Ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ Acid Acid ** pẹlu awọn kebulu jumper fun iṣẹju-aaya 10,
  • ** Lilo Ṣaja Batiri Agbara AC ti o ni "0V Lithium Force-Mode / Supply Mode"** (such as a Victron BlueSmart IP65 or NOCO Genius in Force Mode), TABI
  • **Lilo Meji 9-Volt Ẹfin-Oluwari awọn batiri gige ni Jara (18V nipasẹ a 12V lightbulb lọwọlọwọ-ipin) *** fi ọwọ kan ni soki to a 12V BMS ká ebute o kan gun to fun MPPT oludari iboju lati tan imọlẹ soke.
• Lẹsẹkẹsẹ iboju oludari MPPT n tan imọlẹ ati mọ awọn 12V / 24V / 48V banki batiri, ** tan Solar (PV) Fifọ ON**: MPPT yoo gba agbara lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o gba agbara si batiri naa.

Awọn nọmba pajawiri agbegbe ati awọn iṣedede aabo itanna¶

Ti oludari idiyele oorun ti o ju volted, apoti akojọpọ DC, tabi banki batiri mu ina tabi tu eefin majele silẹ (hydrogen fluoride / phosphoryl fluoride lati sisun lithium electrolyte), yọ kuro lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o kan si awọn iṣẹ pajawiri:

• Ilu Amẹrika ati Kanada: ***
• ** Ina tabi Pajawiri iṣoogun: *** Ipe 911. Sọ fun olufiranṣẹ naa: "A ni ina batiri ina fotovoltaic DC ti kii-apa-grid / litiumu-irin-fosifeti ina; awọn okun onirin oorun DC ti o ga julọ wa ni agbara nigbakugba ti oorun ba n tan."
• ** Awọn koodu Itanna to wulo: *** U.S. Koodu Itanna Orilẹ-ede (NFPA 70 / NEC Article 690.7, Maximum Photovoltaic System Voltage & Table 690.7(A) Temperature Correction Factors*** ati ** koodu Itanna Ilu Kanada (CSA C22.1 Section 64-210)**.
• ** Ijọba Gẹẹsi & European Union: ***
• Pajawiri: Ipe 999 (UK) tabi 112 (EU).
• ** Awọn Ilana ti o wulo: *** BS 7671 (IET Wiring Regulations Section 712*, MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme MIS 3002, ase se isiro orun Voc ni -10°C tabi -15°C o kere ju da lori koodu ifiweranṣẹ UK Highland), ati ** IEC 62548 (Photovoltaic Arrays - Design Requirements).
• ** Australia ati Ilu Niu silandii: ***
• Pajawiri: Ipe 000 (Australia) tabi 111 (New Zealand).
• ** Awọn Ilana to wulo: *** AS/NZS 5033 (Installation and Safety Requirements for Photovoltaic (PV) Arrays, Clause 3.1 & Equation 4.1 Open-Circuit Voltage Temperature Correction*** ati ** AS/NZS 5139 (Battery Energy Storage Systems)**.
• Fun awọn nọmba pajawiri ni awọn orilẹ-ede to ju 190 lọ, kan si alagbawo pajawiri awọn nọmba.

Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo¶

Kini idi ti awọn panẹli oorun mi ṣe agbejade foliteji * ti o ga julọ lori didi kan -20°C (-4°F) owurọ igba otutu ju ti wọn ṣe ni arin Keje?¶

Awọn sẹẹli oorun fọtovoltaic jẹ awọn diodes semikondokito ohun alumọni ti agbara aafo ẹgbẹ n gbooro bi iwọn otutu ti dinku. Ko dabi awọn batiri, eyiti o padanu foliteji nigbati o tutu, awọn panẹli oorun jèrè aijọju 0.30 ogorun si 0.40 ogorun ninu foliteji-ìmọ (Voc) fun gbogbo iwọn 1 Celsius silẹ ni isalẹ 25-degree-Celsius (77-degree-Fahrenheit) iwọn otutu idanwo ile-iṣẹ. Ni owurọ igba otutu -25°C (-13°F) (ipadanu 50°C ni isalẹ 25°C), orun oorun rẹ n ṣe agbejade ni aijọju 17 si 20 ogorun foliteji ti o ga ju sitika orukọ rẹ lọ, ni irọrun titari okun-ailewu 135-volt ti ooru ju 160 volts ati didin iṣakoso idiyele 150-volt MPPT kan.

Bawo ni titiipa LiFePO4 batiri tio tutunini BMS ṣe alabapin si didin oludari idiyele oorun mi ni ila-oorun?¶

Ni oju ojo gbona, ni kete ti õrùn owurọ ba de awọn panẹli oorun rẹ, oludari idiyele MPPT bẹrẹ iyaworan lọwọlọwọ lati gba agbara si batiri naa, eyiti o fa foliteji orun oorun silẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ lati inu Voltage Open-Circuit giga rẹ (Voc) si isalẹ Ṣiṣẹ Agbara Agbara (Vmp, ni aijọju 18 ogorun kekere). Bibẹẹkọ, ti batiri LiFePO4 rẹ ba tutu ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F) ni alẹ kan, Eto Iṣakoso Batiri inu rẹ (BMS) ṣe idiwọ gbogbo gbigba agbara lọwọlọwọ. Pẹlu fifuye odo lori awọn panẹli, oorun orun wa ni di ni 100 ogorun unloaded Open-Circuit Foliteji (Voc) nigba ti iha-odo tutu ati egbon titari wipe foliteji ti o ti kọja awọn ohun elo ti oludari.

Bawo ni MO ṣe le dinku foliteji igba otutu orun oorun mi loni laisi rira oludari idiyele tuntun kan?¶

Ni akọkọ, bo panẹli kan ni okun kọọkan pẹlu tapu opaque tabi duro titi di igba ti oorun ba wọ, lẹhinna tan fifọ PV rẹ kuro. O le lẹsẹkẹsẹ ju foliteji okun rẹ silẹ nipasẹ 25 si 50 ogorun nipa lilo awọn pilogi MC4 ti o wa tẹlẹ lori ẹhin awọn panẹli rẹ: boya (1) yọọ nronu kan lati inu okun jara 4-panel lati tan-an sinu okun 3-panel (3S, gige foliteji nipasẹ 25 ogorun), tabi (2) tun 4-panel jara okun (4S) sinu okun para meji meji (4S) bata $ 12 MC4 Y-alasopọ awọn asopọ, eyi ti o ge foliteji ni idaji nigba ti o pa 100 ogorun ti agbara gbigba agbara rẹ.

Kini idi ti o lewu lati yọọ asopo oorun MC4 lori orule nigba ti oorun n tan?¶

Awọn okun oorun ṣiṣẹ lori lọwọlọwọ-foliteji Taara lọwọlọwọ (DC), eyiti, ko dabi idile 60 Hz Alternating Current (AC), ko kọja folti odo. Ti o ba fa ohun MC4 asopo ohun yato si (tabi ṣii ohun unrated AC fifọ) nigba ti orun ti wa ni kọlu awọn paneli ati lọwọlọwọ ti nṣàn, awọn ina fo kọja awọn air aafo bi a sustained 3,000-degree-Celsius (5,400-degree-Fahrenheit) pilasima aaki ti yoo ko parun ara, yo awọn ọwọ orule ati sisun rẹ. Nigbagbogbo jabọ tapu dudu tabi ibora lori o kere ju nronu kan ninu okun ṣaaju yiyọ eyikeyi asopo MC4.

Kini idi ti batiri litiumu LiFePO4 mi ko ni gba agbara ni isalẹ 0°C (32°F), ati pe MO tun le fa agbara jade ninu rẹ lati ṣiṣe awọn ina agọ mi?¶

Nigbati sẹẹli Litiumu Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) ba wa ni isalẹ 0 ° C (32°F), awọn ions litiumu ko le ṣe intercalate (rẹ sinu) anode graphite ni iyara to lakoko gbigba agbara; dipo, wọn kojọpọ lori dada bi awọn abere litiumu ti fadaka didasilẹ (pipati litiumu) ti o ba batiri naa jẹ patapata ati pe o le gún oluyatọ lati fa ina. Lati yago fun eyi, BMS batiri naa pa gbigba agbara ni isalẹ 0°C. Sibẹsibẹ, jijade ko fa lithium plating, nitorina BMS rẹ tun jẹ ki o fa agbara kuro ninu batiri si -20°C (-4°F). Nìkan gbona batiri naa ninu apoti foomu ti o ya sọtọ loke +5°C (41°F) lati bẹrẹ gbigba agbara pada.

Kini yoo ṣẹlẹ ti oludari idiyele MPPT mi ba han “PV Over-Voltage” (gẹgẹbi Aṣiṣe Victron #20): nṣakoso baje patapata bi?¶

O da lori bi o jina loke iye to foliteji ngun. Ọpọlọpọ awọn olutona didara giga (bii Victron SmartSolar tabi awọn ẹya Ayebaye MidNite) nfa tiipa sọfitiwia aabo ati ṣafihan koodu aṣiṣe foliteji ju foliteji PV lẹsẹkẹsẹ kọja 100.0V, 150.0V, tabi 250.0V; Ti foliteji nikan ba kọja iwọn nipasẹ 1 si 3 volts pẹlu ṣiṣan odo lọwọlọwọ, ge asopọ awọn panẹli ati tunṣe titobi si foliteji kekere nigbagbogbo ngbanilaaye oludari lati gba pada laisi wahala. Bibẹẹkọ, ti o ba jẹ pe tutu-odo ti fa foliteji 10 si 25 volts ti o kọja idiyele, awọn MOSFET ohun alumọni inu ati awọn diodes aabo nigbagbogbo fẹ kukuru-yika, to nilo rirọpo oludari.

Jẹmọ awọn itọsọna¶

• Apọju ẹrọ oluyipada grid, oludari idiyele sisun, ati Circuit kukuru banki batiri 12V/24V/48V
• Pipa-akoj oorun, omi, ati awọn ikuna egbin
• Igbimo omi ti o wa ni pipa-grid ti o tutu, toti IBC ti wó lulẹ, ati wiwalẹ-jẹ orisun omi laini afẹfẹ afẹfẹ
• Ina agọ Propane Buddy Heater, erogba monoxide, ati afẹfẹ bivy oju ojo tutu
• Awọn ina ina

Awọn orisun ati osise itoni¶

• ** Ẹgbẹ Idaabobo Ina ti Orilẹ-ede (NFPA 70 / National Electrical Code - NEC Article 690.7):** * Awọn Iṣiro Foliteji Eto Fọtovoltaic ti o pọju, Iwọn Ibaramu Kekere Ṣii-Circuit Foliteji (Voc) Awọn Okunfa Atunse (Table 690.7(A)), ati DC Arc-Fault Ipinya Awọn ibeere *.
• ** International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC 62548 & IEC 62109-1):** *Fọtovoltaic (PV) Awọn akojọpọ - Awọn ibeere apẹrẹ (Otutu-Afẹfẹ Voc Awọn idogba pupọ) ati Aabo ti Awọn oluyipada Agbara fun Lilo ni Awọn ọna Agbara fọtovoltaic *.
• ** Ẹgbẹ Awọn idiwọn Ilu Kanada (CSA C22.1 Canadian Electrical Code Section 64-210) & Standards Australia (AS/NZS 5033):** * Awọn isodipupo Atunse iwọn otutu Sub-Zero fun Awọn Modulu Silicon Crystalline (Down to -40°C / -40°F)*.
• ** Ile-iṣọna Agbara Isọdọtun ti Orilẹ-ede (NREL) & IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference:** *Sub-Zero Anodic Lithium Plating Mechanisms in LiFePO4 Awọn sẹẹli isalẹ 0°C (32°F), BMS Thermal Hysteresis, ati Snow-Albedo Over-Irradiance Transients *.
• ** Agbara Victron, MidNite Solar, & Awọn iwe itẹjade Imọ-ẹrọ Imọ-ẹrọ Agbara OutBack:** * Alakoso Gbigba agbara MPPT ti o pọju Awọn aja Foliteji Input (100V / 150V / 250V / 450V), Aṣiṣe # 19/# 20 Awọn ayẹwo ayẹwo Foliteji, ati Batiri-First Power Up Sequencing *.