Idahun si Ipeniyanju, Awọn ipe Ifipamọ, tabi Aṣẹ Ile-ẹjọ¶

Ti o fun ni **Supoena *** nipasẹ olupin ilana tabi igbakeji Sheriff, tabi gbigba ** Subpoena Duces Tecum ** nbeere awọn imeeli ti ara ẹni, awọn ifọrọranṣẹ, awọn alaye banki, tabi awọn igbasilẹ iṣowo, jẹ iṣẹlẹ ofin ni kiakia. Ko dabi ibeere ore lati ọdọ agbẹjọro kan tabi oniwadii ti o ni ominira lati foju kọju si, iwe-ipamọ jẹ ** kikọ iwe adehun ti a gbejade labẹ aṣẹ ti kootu kan *. Aibikita iwe-aṣẹ ti o tọ si, ṣiṣafihan ifisilẹ eto tabi ifarahan iwadii, tabi piparẹ awọn faili ti o beere lẹhin gbigba akiyesi le ja si ni adajọ ti o funni ni Iwe-ẹri Ilu Ilu tabi Ọdaran (Writ of Bodily Attachment) fun imuni rẹ, da ọ duro ni **Kẹgan ti Ile-ẹjọ ***, ati pipaṣẹ fun ọ lati san ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun awọn dọla ni awọn ẹgbẹ agbẹjọro.

Ni akoko kanna, gbigba iwe-aṣẹ kan ko tumọ si pe o gbọdọ fi awọn igbasilẹ ikọkọ silẹ ni afọju ni owurọ ọla tabi ṣafihan ni ọjọ ti ko ṣeeṣe laisi ibeere. Labẹ awọn ofin ilana ijọba apapo ati ti ipinlẹ (gẹgẹbi Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 in the United States, CPR Part 34 in the United Kingdom, and Provincial Rules of Civil Procedure ni Canada), awọn ẹlẹri ti kii ṣe ẹgbẹ n gbadun awọn aabo ofin ti o lagbara lodi si awọn ẹru ti ko yẹ, ilokulo agbegbe, awọn anfani tabi awọn akoko ipari alaye. Nipa didasilẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ ** Idaduro Idaduro ***, rii daju boya iwe-aṣẹ naa ti ṣiṣẹ ni deede pẹlu awọn idiyele ẹri ti o nilo, sìn ** Awọn atako kikọ laarin awọn ọjọ 14 *** lati di iṣelọpọ iwe laifọwọyi, ati idunadura ọjọ ti o ni oye tabi awọn iyipada iwọn pẹlu agbẹjọro ti o funni, o le ni ibamu pẹlu ofin lakoko aabo awọn ẹtọ ati asiri rẹ.

Ṣe eyi ni bayi¶

1. ** Daabobo aabo ti ara ki o rii daju boya o jẹ ẹlẹri tabi ibi-afẹde kan.** Ti ẹnikẹni ba halẹ si aabo ara rẹ tabi gbiyanju lati dẹruba ọ nipa ẹri rẹ, pe nọmba pajawiri ti agbegbe rẹ (911 ni Amẹrika ati Kanada, 112 kọja European Union, 999 ni United Kingdom, tabi wo pajawiri awọn nọmba). Nigbamii, ṣayẹwo apoti oke apa osi ti subpoena (**Akọsilẹ Ọran ***) lati rii daju boya o jẹ nikan ** Ẹlẹri ti kii ṣe Ẹgbẹ *** ninu ariyanjiyan ẹlomiran, ** Olugbeja ti a darukọ rẹ ** (wo yoo wa pẹlu kan ilu ejo), tabi agbara kan ** Ibi-afẹde / Koko-ọrọ ti Ọdaràn tabi Iwadii Onimọ-ẹjọ nla *** (wo onimo ti a ilufin ati odaran olugbeja).
2. Ṣakalẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ 100% “Idaduro Idajọ” (Maṣe paarẹ ọrọ kan, imeeli, tabi faili) Lẹsẹkẹsẹ ti o ba gba tabi kọ ẹkọ nipa iwe-aṣẹ kan, o wa labẹ iṣẹ ofin to muna lati tọju gbogbo awọn ẹri ti ara ati oni-nọmba ti o ni ibatan. Ma ṣe **Parẹ awọn okun ifọrọranṣẹ, ko itan-akọọlẹ aṣawakiri rẹ kuro, awọn akọsilẹ iwe ge, tabi gba awọn eto piparẹ aifọwọyi lori WhatsApp, ifihan agbara, Slack, tabi imeeli lati tun awọn ifiranṣẹ kọ. Piparẹ tabi yiyipada awọn igbasilẹ lẹhin gbigba iwe-aṣẹ kan yi ariyanjiyan ara ilu pada si ẹṣẹ nla kan ** Idilọwọ Idajọ / Idajọ ti Ẹri *** idiyele.
3. ** Ṣe igbasilẹ ọjọ gangan, akoko, ati ọna ifijiṣẹ. *** Kọ silẹ lori iwe ti o yatọ (kii ṣe lori iwe-aṣẹ atilẹba funrararẹ) ọjọ ati akoko gangan ti o gba iwe-aṣẹ naa, boya o ti fi fun ọ ni eniyan tabi fi silẹ ninu apoti ifiweranṣẹ rẹ/firanṣẹ nipasẹ imeeli, ati boya ** Owo Ẹlẹri ati Ṣayẹwo Mileage ** ti so mọ. Iṣẹ aiṣedeede tabi awọn idiyele ẹlẹri ti o padanu jẹ awọn aabo ilana pataki.
4. ** Kalẹnda awọn akoko ipari to ṣe pataki MEJI: Ọjọ Ibamu ati Ọjọ Ipari Ifarahan Ọjọ 14.** Labẹ ** Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B)** (ati awọn ofin ti o jọra ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ipinlẹ), ti o ba jẹ pe iwe aṣẹ ilu ba paṣẹ fun ọ lati gbejade awọn iwe aṣẹ, alaye ti itanna ti o fipamọ, tabi awọn ohun ojulowo, o gbọdọ ṣiṣẹ pẹlu ** Ohun ti o ni ojulowo. Awọn ọjọ kalẹnda 14 lẹhin igbati o ti wa ni ifisilẹ** (tabi ṣaaju ọjọ ibamu ti a sọ lori iwe aṣẹ, eyikeyi ti o jẹ ** iṣaaju**). Pipadanu ferese ọjọ 14 le fa ẹtọ rẹ silẹ lati tako.
5. Ṣayẹwo boya agbanisiṣẹ rẹ, alamọdaju layabiliti alamọdaju, tabi eto imulo awọn oniwun n pese agbẹjọro ọfẹ kan. Ti iwe-aṣẹ ba ni ibatan ni eyikeyi ọna si nkan ti o jẹri, ti kowe, tabi ṣe ni iṣẹ, sọ fun agbanisiṣẹ rẹ ** Agbẹjọro Gbogbogbo / Ẹka Ofin *** tabi HR lẹsẹkẹsẹ; awọn ile-iṣẹ nigbagbogbo n pese imọran ajọṣepọ tiwọn lati ṣe aṣoju lọwọlọwọ ati awọn oṣiṣẹ iṣaaju ni awọn idogo ọfẹ laisi idiyele. Ti o ba ni ibatan si iwe-aṣẹ alamọdaju rẹ (egbogi, nọọsi, itọju ailera, ṣiṣe iṣiro, ohun-ini gidi) tabi ijamba ti ara ẹni, pe ** Aiṣedeede / Layabiliti Ọjọgbọn ** tabi ** Awọn onile / Iṣeduro Aifọwọyi *** ti ngbe lẹsẹkẹsẹ.
6. *Maṣe pe agbẹjọro ti o funni lati “ṣalaye ohun gbogbo” kuro ninu igbasilẹ naa. ṣe iranlọwọ ọran wọn. Jeki gbogbo olubasọrọ ibẹrẹ ni idojukọ muna lori ** ṣiṣe eto ati awọn eekaderi ilana ***, tabi jẹ ki agbẹjọro kan sọrọ fun ọ.

Subpoena ki o si pè triage ipinnu igi¶

flowchart TD
    Root["Served with a Subpoena or Court Order"]
    SubType{"What type of subpoena did you receive?"}
    TestifyOnly["Subpoena Ad Testificandum:<br/>Commands you to appear in person<br/>to testify at a Deposition, Hearing, or Trial"]
    DocsOnly["Subpoena Duces Tecum (Records Only):<br/>Commands you to produce documents,<br/>emails, texts, or business records"]
    Both["Combined Deposition + Document Subpoena:<br/>Commands both testimony AND documents"]
    CrimGrand["Criminal / Grand Jury / Agency Subpoena:<br/>Issued by a Prosecutor, Grand Jury, SEC,<br/>DOJ, or Criminal Defense Lawyer"]

    CheckService["1. Verify valid personal service + Witness Fee check<br/>2. Check 100-Mile (160 km) Geographic Limit (FRCP 45)<br/>3. Check if you have scheduling conflicts"]
    NegotiateDate["Contact issuing counsel in writing to:<br/>1. Reschedule deposition to a mutually convenient date<br/>2. Convert to remote Zoom deposition, OR<br/>3. Place you 'On Call' (2-hr telephone notice) for trial"]

    Freeze14["Serve Written Rule 45(d)(2)(B) Objections<br/>BEFORE the earlier of 14 days after service<br/>or the compliance date"]
    AutoStay["Effect of Timely Written Objection:<br/>Obligation to produce documents is AUTOMATICALLY<br/>STAYED unless issuing lawyer wins a Court Order"]

    CrimCheck{"Could your testimony or records<br/>incriminate you in any crime, tax issue,<br/>or regulatory violation?"}
    ConsultCrim["Consult a Criminal Defense Attorney IMMEDIATELY:<br/>1. Determine if you are a 'Target', 'Subject', or 'Witness'<br/>2. Assert 5th Amendment Act-of-Production / Testimony Privilege<br/>3. Demand Statutory Immunity before testifying"]

    Root --> SubType
    SubType -->|Testimony Only| TestifyOnly
    SubType -->|Documents Only| DocsOnly
    SubType -->|Testimony + Docs| Both
    SubType -->|Criminal / Grand Jury| CrimGrand

    TestifyOnly --> CheckService
    CheckService --> NegotiateDate

    DocsOnly --> Freeze14
    Both --> Freeze14
    Freeze14 --> AutoStay
    Both --> CheckService

    CrimGrand --> CrimCheck
    CrimCheck -->|Yes or Unsure| ConsultCrim
    CrimCheck -->|Pure Bystander Witness| CheckService

Idamo awọn oriṣi 4 ti subpoenas ati ẹniti o fowo si wọn¶

Look closely at the title of the document, the court listed at the top, and the signature line at the bottom to determine what power stands behind the subpoena:

5 procedural defects that make a civil subpoena invalid or unenforceable¶

Before you spend time or money complying with a burdensome civil subpoena, check whether the issuing lawyer violated any of these five mandatory procedural rules under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 (and analogous state statutes):

1. Improper Method of Service (Personal Delivery Required): Under FRCP Rule 45(b)(1) and the law of the majority of US states, a subpoena directed to a non-party witness must be personally delivered ("hand-delivered") to the named witness. Slipping a civil subpoena under your door, taping it to your porch, leaving it in a residential mailbox, or emailing it without your prior consent to accept electronic service is legally defective service in most jurisdictions (unless a judge specifically entered an order authorizing alternative service).
2. Failure to Tender the Mandatory Witness Fee and Mileage Check: If a civil subpoena commands your personal attendance at a deposition, hearing, or trial, Rule 45(b)(1) requires the server to simultaneously hand you a check or cash for one day's statutory attendance fee (40 USD per day in federal court, plus round-trip mileage at the federal GSA rate of 0.67 USD per mile / 0.42 USD per km; state witness fees range from 5 to 35 USD plus mileage). Under federal case law, a testimony subpoena served on a non-party without tendering the mandatory witness and mileage fee is invalid on its face. (Note: witness fees are not required for a records-only subpoena that does not command you to appear in person, or for criminal subpoenas issued on behalf of the government or an indigent criminal defendant.)
3. Violating the 100-Mile (160-Kilometer) Geographic Limit: Under FRCP Rule 45©(1)(A), a federal subpoena can only command a non-party witness to attend a trial, hearing, or in-person deposition at a location within 100 miles (160 kilometers) of where the witness resides, is employed, or regularly transacts business in person (or within the witness's home state if the witness is a party/officer or would not incur substantial expense for a state-wide trial). If an out-of-state lawyer serves you with a subpoena demanding that you fly or drive 400 kilometers (250 miles) to their office for a deposition, the court must quash or modify the subpoena under Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(ii), or the lawyer must conduct your deposition locally or via remote video (Zoom).
4. Unreasonable Time to Comply (Short-Notice Ambush): Under Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(i), a court must quash or modify a subpoena that "fails to allow a reasonable time to comply." Most federal and state courts define "reasonable time" for a document subpoena or non-party deposition as at least 14 to 30 calendar days (and some states, like California under CCP Section 2020.410, require a minimum of 15 to 20 days after service for business records). A subpoena served on a Wednesday demanding ten years of records on Friday morning is per se unreasonable.
5. Lack of Interstate Domestication (Out-of-State State Court Subpoena): A state court judge or lawyer in State A (for example, New York or Texas) has zero legal jurisdiction to mail or serve a State A court subpoena directly on a non-party resident living in State B (for example, Florida or California). Under the Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (UIDDA) (adopted by over 45 US states), an out-of-state lawyer must first submit their subpoena to the Clerk of Court in YOUR home county and state to have it formally domesticated and re-issued as a local subpoena from your home state's court. An un-domesticated out-of-state civil subpoena has zero legal force across state lines.

Bii o ṣe le da iwe-ipamọ iwe-ipamọ duro ni awọn orin rẹ: Lẹta Atako Kọ Ọjọ 14 naa¶

Ti o ba jẹ iranṣẹ pẹlu ilu ** Subpoena Duces Tecum *** (tabi ifisilẹ apapọ + awọn igbasilẹ igbasilẹ) awọn iwe aṣẹ ti o nbeere, awọn imeeli, awọn ọrọ, tabi awọn igbasilẹ ti o gbooro pupọ, apanirun, aṣiri, tabi gbowolori lati ṣajọ, ** o ko ni lati ṣajọ išipopada gbowolori kan si Quash ni kootu ni akọkọ.

Labẹ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) (ati awọn deede ipinlẹ), ẹlẹri ti kii ṣe ẹgbẹ kan le fi imeeli ranṣẹ nirọrun tabi fi imeeli ranṣẹ ** Lẹta Atako Kọ *** si agbẹjọro ti o fi iwe aṣẹ naa silẹ ** ṣaaju iṣaaju akoko ti a sọ fun ifaramọ TABI awọn ọjọ 14 lẹhin igbati o ti ṣiṣẹ

Why serving Written Objections is so powerful¶

The moment you timely serve your Written Objections on the issuing lawyer: - Your obligation to produce the disputed documents is AUTOMATICALLY FROZEN (STAYED). - You cannot be held in contempt for withholding the objected-to documents. - The burden shifts 100 percent onto the issuing lawyer to either drop the request, negotiate a narrow compromise with you, or spend their client's money filing a formal Motion to Compel with the judge, where the rule requires the judge to protect you, as a non-party, from "significant expense resulting from compliance" (Mandatory Cost-Shifting under Rule 45(d)(2)(B)(ii)).

Sample Rule 45(d)(2)(B) Written Objections to Subpoena Duces Tecum¶

Send this letter via email AND Certified Mail with Return Receipt Requested to the attorney listed on the subpoena within 14 calendar days of service (and before the compliance date):

** Koko-ọrọ: Awọn Atako Ikikọ Laiṣe Ni ibamu si Ofin 45 (d) (2) (B) si Subpoena Duces Tecum: [Fi Orukọ Ọrọ sii ati Nọmba Ọran]**

Olufẹ [Orukọ Agbẹjọro Olupin],

Pursuant to [Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) / Applicable State Rule], non-party [Your Full Name or Company Name] hereby serves these timely Written Objections to the Subpoena to Produce Documents, Information, or Objects served on [Date of Service] with a stated compliance date of [Compliance Date].

General and Specific Objections to Document Requests: 1. Undue Burden and Expense on a Non-Party (Rule 45(d)(1) & (d)(3)(A)(iv)): As a non-party to this litigation, [Your Name] objects to Requests No. [1 through X] as overly broad, unduly burdensome, and disproportionate to the needs of the case, as they demand "all communications, documents, or records" over a multi-year period without reasonable subject-matter or date limitations. Pursuant to Rule 45(d)(2)(B)(ii), if any production is ultimately ordered, [Your Name] demands mandatory cost-shifting and advance reimbursement for all reasonable time, IT extraction, copying, and legal review expenses required to comply. 2. Insufficient Time to Comply (Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(i)): [Your Name] objects to the subpoena to the extent it fails to allow a reasonable time to search for, review, and responsiveness-screen the requested materials. 3. Attorney-Client Privilege, Work Product, and Statutory Confidentiality (Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(iii)): [Your Name] objects to the subpoena to the extent it seeks information protected by the attorney-client privilege, work-product doctrine, constitutional privacy rights, [HIPAA / FERPA / financial privacy / trade secret] protections, or confidential third-party information in the absence of a signed authorization or Protective Order. 4. Procedural Defects in Service: [If applicable: Add objection for lack of personal service, failure to tender statutory witness/mileage fees, or violation of the 100-mile geographic limit under Rule 45©].

Pursuant to Rule 45(d)(2)(B), based on these timely written objections, no documents will be produced absent a written agreement narrowing the scope and reimbursing compliance costs, or a court order. However, I am available to meet and confer by telephone on [Date/Time] to discuss whether a narrowly tailored, non-burdensome stipulation or affidavit can satisfy your needs without court intervention.

Tọkàntọkàn, [Your Signature, Printed Name, Mailing Address, Email, and Phone Number]

What if the subpoena commands your live Testimony? (Motion to Quash vs. Negotiation)¶

Key distinction: Serving a 14-day Written Objection letter under Rule 45(d)(2)(B) automatically freezes document production, but in many courts it does not automatically excuse you from showing up for a deposition or trial testimony if no resolution is reached before the appearance date. If a subpoena commands your live testimony:

1. Call or email the issuing lawyer first to negotiate Date, Format, or "On-Call" Status:
2. For a Deposition: Lawyers pick an arbitrary date when they type up a deposition subpoena. If you have work, childcare, medical, or travel conflicts, email the lawyer immediately offering 3 alternative dates 2 to 4 weeks out, and ask them to stipulate in writing to conduct the deposition via Zoom / Remote Video so you do not have to travel. Always get any date change or cancellation in writing (email confirmation), never rely on a verbal promise that a deposition was postponed.
3. For a Courtroom Trial: Trial subpoenas always list "Day 1 of Trial at 9:00 AM," even though the lawyer may not actually call you to the witness stand until Thursday afternoon. Email the lawyer and ask to be placed on "On-Call / Standby Agreement", where you confirm in writing that you are excused from sitting in the courthouse hallway on Day 1 and agree to appear at the courthouse within 2 to 4 hours of receiving a phone call or text when your turn to testify actually arrives.
4. When you must file a formal "Motion to Quash or Modify Subpoena" (Rule 45(d)(3)): If the issuing lawyer refuses to reschedule an impossible deposition date, demands testimony violating the 100-mile rule, or seeks privileged testimony (such as a journalist's source, a therapist's patient session, a spouse's confidential marital communications, or a criminal target's Fifth Amendment privilege), you must file a Motion to Quash Subpoena and/or Motion for Protective Order with the court before the scheduled date of testimony.

Surviving a Deposition or Court Testimony: 7 Golden Rules for Witnesses¶

If you do appear for a deposition or trial testimony, follow these seven courtroom rules used by trial lawyers to protect witnesses from traps:

1. Tell the absolute 100% truth (Perjury is a felony, while bad facts rarely hurt a non-party): Never exaggerate, shade the truth, or guess to help a friend or employer. Lying under oath about a material fact is felony Perjury (18 U.S.C. Section 1621).
2. Listen to the entire question, pause 2 full seconds, and answer ONLY the exact question asked: Do not volunteer extra background stories, explanations, or theories. If the lawyer asks, "Do you know what time the meeting started?" the truthful answer is simply "Yes" or "No", not a 5-minute speech about what happened at the meeting. Pausing two seconds before speaking also gives any lawyer in the room time to state an Objection on the record.
3. "I don't know" and "I don't recall" are completely valid, truthful answers: Never guess, speculate, or estimate distances, speeds, dates, or exact conversations if you are not sure. If you do not remember whether an email was sent in March or April, say clearly: "I do not recall the exact date without looking at the document."
4. Never comment on a document until the lawyer hands it to you and you read the whole page: If a deposing lawyer asks, "Didn't you write in your June 12 email that the brakes were broken?" reply calmly: "Please show me the June 12 email you are referring to so I can read it in context before answering."
5. Beware of the "Did you talk to anyone to prepare for today?" trap: Opposing lawyers always ask who you spoke with and what documents you reviewed to prepare for your deposition. Why? Under Federal Rule of Evidence 612, if you review a specific private notebook or document to refresh your memory for your testimony, the opposing lawyer can demand to see and copy that document (unless it is protected attorney-client communication). Never bring personal notes, diaries, or phones to the witness stand unless the subpoena specifically ordered them produced.
6. Know when to invoke your Fifth Amendment Privilege against Self-Incrimination: Even in a civil lawsuit, divorce case, or administrative deposition, you retain your absolute constitutional Fifth Amendment right to refuse to answer any question where a truthful answer could provide a "link in the chain of evidence" tending to incriminate you in any federal or state crime (such as tax fraud, unlicensed activity, drug possession, assault, or PPP/unemployment fraud). Unlike a criminal defendant (who can refuse to take the witness stand at all), a subpoenaed civil witness must sit down, state their name, listen to each individual question, and invoke the privilege question-by-question: "On the advice of counsel, I respectfully invoke my Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination and decline to answer."
7. Can your employer fire you for missing work to obey a subpoena? In the vast majority of US states, Canada, the UK, and Australia, it is strictly illegal under state witness-protection and public-policy statutes for an employer to fire, demote, discipline, or threaten an employee for taking time off work to comply with a valid court or deposition subpoena (especially a criminal, domestic violence, or third-party court summons), provided you give your employer advance copies of the subpoena as soon as you receive it.

Global rules for Witness Summonses and Subpoenas (UK, Canada, Australia)¶

• United Kingdom (Witness Summons under CPR Part 34 & Criminal Procedure Rules): In England and Wales, the term "subpoena" has been replaced by a Witness Summons (Form N20 in civil cases). Under Civil Procedure Rule 34.5 and 34.6, a Witness Summons is binding only if it is served at least 7 days before the date the witness is required to attend (unless a judge specifically orders shorter notice) AND the serving party offers or pays Conduct Money (reasonable travel expenses to and from court plus statutory compensation for loss of time). If you are served with a Witness Summons without at least 7 days' notice, without Conduct Money, or demanding privileged/irrelevant documents, you can apply to the court under CPR 34.3(4) to have the Witness Summons set aside or varied.
• Canada (Summons to Witness / Subpoena under Provincial Rules & Criminal Code): In Canadian civil actions (such as Rule 53.04 / Rule 34.04 of the Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure), a Summons to Witness (Form 53A) is completely invalid and cannot be enforced by a bench warrant unless the server personally hands you the summons together with the mandatory statutory Attendance Money (calculated under Tariff A: typically 50 CAD per day plus travel allowance). If a summons is abusive, oppressive, or seeks irrelevant records from a non-party, you can bring a motion to quash the summons. In Canadian criminal cases (Criminal Code Section 698 to 708), a Subpoena requires no attendance money for local witnesses and carries a Material Witness Warrant if ignored.
• Australia (Subpoena to Attend to Give Evidence / Subpoena to Produce): Under the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (UCPR Part 33) and Federal Court Rules across Australia, a subpoena has no legal effect unless it is served on or before the "Last Day for Service" printed explicitly on the face of the subpoena, AND the issuing party tenders Conduct Money sufficient to meet your reasonable travel and accommodation expenses. In addition, for a Subpoena to Produce Documents, the issuing party is legally obligated under UCPR Rule 33.11 to pay a non-party's reasonable loss or expense incurred in complying with the subpoena (including staff time, IT searches, photocopy fees, and legal advice on privilege). You can apply to the Registrar or Court to set aside the subpoena in whole or in part if it is a "fishing expedition," oppressive, or an abuse of process.

Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo¶

Awọn orisun ṣayẹwo¶

• United States Courts & Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 45 (Subpoena: Service, 100-Mile Geographic Limits, 14-Day Written Objections, Quashing or Modifying a Subpoena, and Non-Party Cost Shifting), Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 17, and Form AO 88 / AO 88A / AO 88B.
• United States Code: 28 U.S.C. Section 1821 (Per Diem Witness Attendance Fees and Mileage Allowances in Federal Courts) and 18 U.S.C. Section 1512 / 1519 (Obstruction and Destruction of Records in Federal Investigations).
• Uniform Law Commission (United States): Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (UIDDA) Enactment Status and Out-of-State Subpoena Domestication Procedures.
• Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom): Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) Part 34 (Witnesses, Depositions, Witness Summonses, 7-Day Service Rule, and Conduct Money) and Practice Direction 34A.
• Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General (Canada): Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 34.04 & Rule 53.04 (Summons to Witness, Tariff A Attendance Money Requirements, and Motions to Quash).
• Federal Court of Australia & NSW Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (Australia): UCPR Part 33 (Subpoenas: Conduct Money, Last Day for Service, Compliance Expenses under Rule 33.11, and Setting Aside Subpoenas).

Jẹmọ awọn itọsọna¶

• Served with a civil lawsuit
• Ẹsun kan ti ilufin ati odaran olugbeja
• Awọn aṣẹ idaduro, awọn aṣẹ aabo, ati awọn aṣẹ pajawiri
• Reporting workplace safety hazards and whistleblower rights