Tontu ab woote, wooteb seede, wala ab dogalu àttekaay¶

Being handed a Subpoena by a process server or sheriff's deputy, or receiving a Subpoena Duces Tecum demanding your personal emails, text messages, bank statements, or business records, is an urgent legal event. Unlike a friendly request from a lawyer or investigator that you are free to ignore, a subpoena is a binding writ issued under the authority of a court. Ignoring a properly served subpoena, skipping a scheduled deposition or trial appearance, or deleting requested files after receiving notice can result in a judge issuing a Civil or Criminal Bench Warrant (Writ of Bodily Attachment) for your arrest, holding you in Contempt of Court, and ordering you to pay thousands of dollars in sanctions and the opposing party's attorney fees.

At the same time, receiving a subpoena does not mean you must blindly hand over private records tomorrow morning or show up on an impossible date without question. Under federal and state procedural rules (such as Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 in the United States, CPR Part 34 in the United Kingdom, and provincial Rules of Civil Procedure in Canada), non-party witnesses enjoy powerful legal protections against undue burden, geographic overreach, privileged or confidential disclosures, and short deadlines. By immediately instituting a Litigation Hold, verifying whether the subpoena was validly served with required witness fees, serving Written Objections within 14 days to freeze document production automatically, and negotiating reasonable date or scope modifications with the issuing attorney, you can comply with the law while protecting your rights and privacy.

Defal lii leegi¶

1. Protect physical safety and verify whether you are a witness or a target. If anyone threatens your physical safety or tries to intimidate you regarding your testimony, call your local emergency number (911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, 999 in the United Kingdom, or see nimero paj mu jamp). Next, examine the top left box of the subpoena (The Case Caption) to verify whether you are merely a Non-Party Witness in someone else's dispute, a Named Defendant (see ñu yóbbu ko ci àttekaay civil), wala lu mëna nekk Target / Sujet bu benn Lànket Kriminal wala Jury bu Mag (xoolal accused of a crime and criminal defense).
2. Defar ci saasi 100% "Litigation Hold" (BULEEN efaase benn mbind, imeel, wala dosiye). Ci saa si nga jot wala nga yëg ni dañu la woo ci àttekaay bi, danga wara nekk ci ndigalu yoon bu dëgër ngir denc bépp firnde physique wala numérique bu mëna am njariñ. Bul ** efaase thread mesaas yi, fomp sa jaar-jaaru nawigatër, shred këyit notu, wala nangu auto-efaase jekkal ci WhatsApp, Signal, Slack, wala email ngir bind mesaas. Suñu efaasee wala soppali dokimaa ginaaw biñu la woote, loolu dafay soppi xëccoo civil bi def ko ñaawtéef Tàq yoon / Spoliation of Evidence tuuma.
3. Bindal bis bi, waxtu wi, ak anam wi ñu koy joxee. Binndal ci beneen këyit (bumu nekkul ci këyit bi ci boppam) bis bi ak waxtu bi nga joxe këyit bi, ndax dañu la ko jox ci sa bopp wala ñu bàyyi ko ci sa boyet mail/yonne ci imeel, ak ndax xool nañu ko bu baax. Serwiis bu jaarul yoon wala fere seede bu ñàkk ñooy xeetu kaaraange yu mag yi.
4. Kalendriye ñaari waxtu yu am solo yi: Bisu sàmmonte ak 14-Day Objection Deadline. Ci Regle Federal bu Procédure Civil 45(d)(2)(B) (ak sàrt yuñ mëna joxe ci etaa yi gëna bari), sudee subpoena civil daf la sant nga joxe këyit, Njàqare yuñ bind ci awokaa bi ko joxe ci diiru 14 fan ginaaw biñu joxee këyit biy woo nit ñi (wala balaa bis biñ bind këyit biy woo nit ñi, ci bu bu njëkkee). Soo ñàkkee palanteer bu 14 fan bi, mën nga xañ sa yelleefu weddi.
5. Xool bu baax ndax sa patroŋ, assurance professionel, wala polise boroom kër yi dañuy jox avocat bu amul fayda. Sudee subpoena bi dafa laal dara loo seede, bind, wala def ci sa liggéey, yëgal sa patroŋ Avocat General / Department Legal wala HR ci saasi; sosiete yi dañuy faral di joxe seen àttekat ngir taxawu liggéeykat yi fi nekk ak yi fi nekkoon, te kenn du leen fay. Sudee dafa laal sa permi liggéey (medikaal, infirmiye, terapi, kontabilite, imobilier) wala aksidaa bopp, woo sa Malpractice / Responsabilite Liggéey wala Boroom kër / Assurance Auto ci saasi.
6. Bul musa woo avocat bi def dokimaa ngir "leeral lépp" ci biir dosiye bi. Avocat yiy def subpoenas dañuy faral di wax seede yi: "Woowal ma 10 simili ci telefon ngir waxma linga xam, wala nga bataaxal ma dokimaa yooyu tay, te amaana mën naa fomm sa seede bu baax." Be thell youll: unprivileged, mën nañu la jëfandikoo, te bariwul lumuy tere seede sudee li nga wax jàppale seen dosiye. Fexeel ba bépp jokkolante bu njëkk nekk ci waaj ak doxalin, wala nga am avocat mu wax ci sa palaas.

Subpoena and summons triage decision tree¶

flowchart TD
    Root["Served with a Subpoena or Court Order"]
    SubType{"What type of subpoena did you receive?"}
    TestifyOnly["Subpoena Ad Testificandum:<br/>Commands you to appear in person<br/>to testify at a Deposition, Hearing, or Trial"]
    DocsOnly["Subpoena Duces Tecum (Records Only):<br/>Commands you to produce documents,<br/>emails, texts, or business records"]
    Both["Combined Deposition + Document Subpoena:<br/>Commands both testimony AND documents"]
    CrimGrand["Criminal / Grand Jury / Agency Subpoena:<br/>Issued by a Prosecutor, Grand Jury, SEC,<br/>DOJ, or Criminal Defense Lawyer"]

    CheckService["1. Verify valid personal service + Witness Fee check<br/>2. Check 100-Mile (160 km) Geographic Limit (FRCP 45)<br/>3. Check if you have scheduling conflicts"]
    NegotiateDate["Contact issuing counsel in writing to:<br/>1. Reschedule deposition to a mutually convenient date<br/>2. Convert to remote Zoom deposition, OR<br/>3. Place you 'On Call' (2-hr telephone notice) for trial"]

    Freeze14["Serve Written Rule 45(d)(2)(B) Objections<br/>BEFORE the earlier of 14 days after service<br/>or the compliance date"]
    AutoStay["Effect of Timely Written Objection:<br/>Obligation to produce documents is AUTOMATICALLY<br/>STAYED unless issuing lawyer wins a Court Order"]

    CrimCheck{"Could your testimony or records<br/>incriminate you in any crime, tax issue,<br/>or regulatory violation?"}
    ConsultCrim["Consult a Criminal Defense Attorney IMMEDIATELY:<br/>1. Determine if you are a 'Target', 'Subject', or 'Witness'<br/>2. Assert 5th Amendment Act-of-Production / Testimony Privilege<br/>3. Demand Statutory Immunity before testifying"]

    Root --> SubType
    SubType -->|Testimony Only| TestifyOnly
    SubType -->|Documents Only| DocsOnly
    SubType -->|Testimony + Docs| Both
    SubType -->|Criminal / Grand Jury| CrimGrand

    TestifyOnly --> CheckService
    CheckService --> NegotiateDate

    DocsOnly --> Freeze14
    Both --> Freeze14
    Freeze14 --> AutoStay
    Both --> CheckService

    CrimGrand --> CrimCheck
    CrimCheck -->|Yes or Unsure| ConsultCrim
    CrimCheck -->|Pure Bystander Witness| CheckService

Identifying the 4 types of subpoenas and who signed them¶

Look closely at the title of the document, the court listed at the top, and the signature line at the bottom to determine what power stands behind the subpoena:

5 procedural defects that make a civil subpoena invalid or unenforceable¶

Before you spend time or money complying with a burdensome civil subpoena, check whether the issuing lawyer violated any of these five mandatory procedural rules under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 (and analogous state statutes):

1. Njëfandikoo Serwiis bu jaarul yoon (Dafay laaj nga joxe ko ci sa bopp): Ci wàllu FRCP Rule 45(b)(1) ak ci yoonu réew yu bari ci Etats Unis, seede bu bokkul ak pàrti bi dafa wara joxe ko ci boppam ("seede buñ joxe ak loxo") ci named Sooy dugal ab subpoena civil ci suufu sa buntu, nga laxas ko ci sa porche, nga bàyyi ko ci benn boyet mail, wala nga yónnee ko ci imeel te nanguwoo nangu serwiis elektronik, loolu mooy ** serwiis bu jaarul yoon ** ci jurisdiksioŋ yu bari (fileek àttekat bi dugalwul benn yoon buy may beneen serwiis).
2. Failure to Tender the Mandatory Witness Fee and Mileage Check: If a civil subpoena commands your personal attendance at a deposition, hearing, or trial, Rule 45(b)(1) requires the server to simultaneously hand you a check or cash for one day's statutory attendance fee (40 USD per day in federal court, plus round-trip mileage at the federal GSA rate of 0.67 USD per mile / 0.42 USD per km; state witness fees range from 5 to 35 USD plus mileage). Under federal case law, a testimony subpoena served on a non-party without tendering the mandatory witness and mileage fee is invalid on its face. (Note: witness fees are not required for a records-only subpoena that does not command you to appear in person, or for criminal subpoenas issued on behalf of the government or an indigent criminal defendant.)
3. Violating the 100-Mile (160-Kilometer) Geographic Limit: Under FRCP Rule 45©(1)(A), a federal subpoena can only command a non-party witness to attend a trial, hearing, or in-person deposition at a location within 100 miles (160 kilometers) of where the witness resides, is employed, or regularly transacts business in person (or within the witness's home state if the witness is a party/officer or would not incur substantial expense for a state-wide trial). If an out-of-state lawyer serves you with a subpoena demanding that you fly or drive 400 kilometers (250 miles) to their office for a deposition, the court must quash or modify the subpoena under Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(ii), or the lawyer must conduct your deposition locally or via remote video (Zoom).
4. Unreasonable Time to Comply (Short-Notice Ambush): Under Rule 45(d)(3)(A)(i), a court must quash or modify a subpoena that "fails to allow a reasonable time to comply." Most federal and state courts define "reasonable time" for a document subpoena or non-party deposition as at least 14 to 30 calendar days (and some states, like California under CCP Section 2020.410, require a minimum of 15 to 20 days after service for business records). A subpoena served on a Wednesday demanding ten years of records on Friday morning is per se unreasonable.
5. Lack of Interstate Domestication (Out-of-State State Court Subpoena): A state court judge or lawyer in State A (for example, New York or Texas) has zero legal jurisdiction to mail or serve a State A court subpoena directly on a non-party resident living in State B (for example, Florida or California). Under the Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (UIDDA) (adopted by over 45 US states), an out-of-state lawyer must first submit their subpoena to the Clerk of Court in YOUR home county and state to have it formally domesticated and re-issued as a local subpoena from your home state's court. An un-domesticated out-of-state civil subpoena has zero legal force across state lines.

How to stop a Document Subpoena in its tracks: The 14-Day Written Objection Letter¶

If you are served with a civil Subpoena Duces Tecum (or a combined deposition + records subpoena) demanding documents, emails, texts, or records that are overly broad, invasive, confidential, or expensive to gather, you do NOT have to file an expensive Motion to Quash in court first.

Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) (and state equivalents), a non-party witness can simply mail or email a Written Objection Letter to the attorney who issued the subpoena before the earlier of the time specified for compliance OR 14 days after the subpoena is served.

Why serving Written Objections is so powerful¶

The moment you timely serve your Written Objections on the issuing lawyer: - Sa wareef nga wane këyitu xëccoo yi DAÑU KO GELE CI BOPPAM (DAÑU DËGG). - Mënu la jàpp ni danga xañ sa këyit yiñ bañ. - 100 pursaa ci avocat biy joxe dogal bi mooy mu bàyyi laaj bi, mu waxtaan ak yaw ci anam wu gàtt, wala mu dugal xaalisam ci kiliyaan bi ngir joxe Motion to Compel bu mat sëkk ci attekat bi, fu sàrt yi sàkku ci attekat bi mu aar la, ndax nekkul benn pàrti, ci compliance (ma Coppite ci njëg ci wàllu sàrt 45(d)(2)(B)(ii)).

misaalu sàrt 45(d)(2)(B) bind buy ñaawlu wooteb Duces Tecum¶

Yonnee bataaxal bii jaaraleko ci email AK mail buñu sertifiye ak këyit biy delloosi ci avocat biñ bind ci këyit biy woo nit ñi ci diiru 14 fan ci liggéey bi (ak balaa bis bi ñuy sàmmoonte):

Sujet: Njàqare yuñ bind ci sàrt 45(d)(2)(B) ngir woo Duces Tecum: [Dugalal Tur dosiye bi ak nimero dosiye bi]

Salaam [Turu avocat bi ko joxe],

Sunu sukkandikoo ci [Reglement fédéral de procédure civile 45(d)(2)(B) / Reglement d'État appliqué], ki bokkul ci [Sa Tur wi leer wala Turu Sosiete bi] dafay joxe ci jamono Njàqare yuñ bind ci Subpoena ngir génne ay këyitu liggéey, xibaar, wala O[b] bisu sàmmonte ak [Bisu sàmmonte].

Objection général ak spécifique ci laaj këyit: 1. Njàqare ak xaalis bu jaarul yoon ci ki bokkul ci àttekaay bi (Regle 45(d)(1) & (d)(3)(A)(iv)): Ni nga bokkul ci àtte bii, [Sa Tur] dafay bañ sàq n°[1 ba X] muy lu yaatu lool, lu ëpp luñu soxla ci àttekaay bi. "bépp jokkoo, këyit, wala dokimaa" ci diiru at yu bari te kenn duko tënk ci mbir mi wala ci bis bi. Sunu sukkandikoo ci sàrt 45(d)(2)(B)(ii), su amee produit buñu mujjee komànde, [Sa Tur] dafay laaj ñu soppi njëg yi ak ñu delloo la xaalis bi njëkk ci diir bi war, IT génne, kopie, ak xoolaat yoon ngir mëna topp. 2. Diir bi doyul ngir topp (Regle 45(d)(3)(A)(i)): [Sa Tur] dafay bañ subpoena bi bamu ñàkka jox diir bu jaar yoon ngir seet, xoolaat, ak tontu-ekraŋu mbir yiñ laaj. 3. Privilège avocat-client, produit de travail, et confidentialité statutaire (Regle 45(d)(3)(A)(iii)): [Sa Tur] dafay bañ subpoena bi ci diir bi muy seet xibaar bu avocat-client am, liggéey, [HIPAA / FERPA / sekkere xaalis / sekkere jënd ak jaay] aar, wala leerali ñeneen ñu nëbbu sudee amul ndigal buñ siñe wala sàrtu aar. 4. Njuumte ci doxalinu liggéey bi: [Su ko jaree: Yokk ci ñaawtéef ndax ñàkka am liggéey bu baax, ñàkka joxe seede bu yoon santaane/kilometrage, wala sàggane 100-mile geographic limite ci sàrt 45©].

Sunu sukkandikoo ci sàrt 45(d)(2)(B), bu sukkandiko ci ñaawtéef yiñ bind ci jamono, kenn du joxe benn këyit bu amul déggoob bind buy tënk yaatuwaayu liggéey bi ak delloo njëgu sàmmonte bi, wala ndigalu àttekaay bi. Waaye, mën naa daje ak waxtaan ci telefon ci [Bis/Waxtu] ngir waxtaan ndax ab sartu wala afidaavi buñ defar ci anam wu gàtt te du sonal sa yaram mën na satisfaat sa soxla te tribunal bi du ci laal dara.

Ak mbégte, [Sa anamu siife, sa tur buñ imprime, sa adres mail, sa imeel, ak sa nimero telefon]

Ak sudee subpoena bi dafa santaane sa seede ci saasi? (Motion ngir dindi vs. Waxtaan)¶

Taxawam bu am solo: Joxe ab bataaxal 14 fan ngir ñaawlu ci sàrtu 45(d)(2)(B) dafay tëj ci saasi defar këyitu, waaye ci àttekaay yu bari du baale ci saasi nga ñëw ngir seede wala seede àtte laata ñuy jël dogal Sudee ab woote santaane nga seede ci saasi:

1. Woowal wala nga bataaxal awokaa bi njëkka joxe këyit bi ngir waxtaan ci Bis bi, Format bi, wala "On-Call" Status:
2. Ngir seede: Avocat yi dañuy tànn bis bu ñu bëgg suñuy bind këyitu seede. Soo amee jafe-jafe ci wàllu liggéey, toppato xale, pajum, wala tukki, binndal avocat bi ci saasi ngir wax **3 yeneen bis ** 2 ba 4 ayu-bis, nga wax leen ñu joxe ci bind ngir amal seede bi jaaraleko ci Zoom / Remote Video suko defee doo tukki. Deel am bépp coppite ci bis wala fomm ** ci bind (firnde ci imeel) **, bul musa yéem ci dige bu wax ni dañu toxal seede bi.
3. Ngir àtte ci saalu àttekaay: Saa yu nekk dañuy bind ci këyit biy woo àtte bi "Bis bu njëkk ci àtte bi ci 9:00 waxtu ci suba," doonte awokaa bi mën nala woowul ci seede bi ba alxamis ci ngoon. Email avocat bi nga laaj ñu dugal la ci "On-Call / Standby Agreement", nga bind ci firndeel ni doo toog ci hall bu këru àttekaay bi ci bis 1 ba noppi nga nangu ñëw ci këru àttekaay bi ci diir bu weesuwul **2 ba 4 waxtu ginaaw bi nga jotee telefon wala bataaxal
4. Soo wara joxe "Motion ngir dindi wala soppali subpoena" (Regle 45(d)(3)): Sudee avocat bi la def nanguwul joxe bis biñu lay jox seede bu mënul am, laaj seede buy sàggane sàrtu 100 mile, wala laaj seede bu am njariñ ci malaad bi (lu melni' sesioŋ, jokkoog sëy gu nëbbu gi diggante jabar/jekker, wala yelleefu juroom bi coppite ci krim), danga wara joxe Kàddu ngir dindi Subpoena ak/wala ñaxtu ngir am ndigalu aar ci àttekaay bi balaa bis biñ nara seede.

Mucc ci seede wala seede ci àttekaay: 7 sàrt yu am solo ngir seede yi¶

Sooy ñëw ngir joxe seede wala seede ci àttekaay bi, toppal yii juróom ñaari sàrti àttekaay yi avocat yi di jëfandikoo ngir aar seede yi ci fiir yi:

1. Wax dëgg 100% (Njuumte ñaawtéef la, waaye lu bonn du bari luy gaañ ki nekkul ci pàrti bi): Bul musa juum, nëbb dëgg gi, wala xalaat ngir jàppale sa xarit wala sa patroŋ. Fekk ci biir waat ci lu am solo mooy ñaawtéef Njuumte (18 U.S.C. Section 1621).
2. Déglul laaj bi yépp, noppalu 2 seconde yu mat, nga tontu laaj bi ñu laaj rek: Bul joxe yeneen jaar-jaar, leeral wala theorie. Sudee avocat bi laaj, "Xam nga ban waxtu la ndaje bi tàmbalee?" tontu bu dëggu bi mooy "Waaw" wala "Déedet", du waxtaanu 5 simili ci li xewoon ci ndaje mi. Noppalu ñaari segond balaa ngay wax itam dina may bépp àttekat bu nekk ci saal bi jotu wax Objection ci dosiye bi.
3. "Xamuma" ak "Fatteluma" tontu yu baax lañu, dëggu: Bul musa xalaat, xalaat, wala xayma distance yi, gaawaay yi, bis yi, wala waxtaan yi gëna jubal sudee leerlu leen. Sudee fàttewoo ndax ci weeru màrs wala awril lañu yonne benn email, wax ko bu baax: "Fàttaliku ma bis bi te xooloo këyit bi."
4. Bul musa wax dara ci benn këyit ba avocat bi jox la ko te nga jàng xët wi yépp: Sudee avocat bi lay delloo laaj, "Ndax bindoo ci sa email 12 juin ni frein yi dañu yàqu?" tontu ci dal: "Maa ngi lay digal nga wane ma email 12 juin bi ngay wax ci contexte bi nga ciy wax suko defee ma mëna tontu."
5. Moytul "Ndax wax nga ak kenn ngir waajal tay?" fiir: Avocat yiy xeex dañuy faral di laaj kan nga waxtaan ak ban këyit nga xoolaat ngir waajal sa seede. Lu tax? Ci wàllu Regle Federal of Evidence 612, soo xoolee benn kaaye wala këyit bu la yeesalaat sa mémoire ngir seede, awokaa bi lay xeex mën na sàkku ñu xool ko ba noppi nga kopie këyit boobu (fileek nekkul jokkoog avocat-client buñ aar). Bul musa yóbbaale say notu bopp, say surnaal wala say telefon ci biir seede bi fileek woote bi santaane leen ñu wane ko.
6. Xam kañ nga wara woote sa Juroom bi Coppite ci Yelleefu Self-Incrimination: Doonte ci àtte civil, dosiye fase, wala seede administratif, yaa ngi tëye sa yelleefu sàrtu ndayi réew bu mat sëkk Juroom bi Coppite yelleefu baña tontu benn laaj fu tontu bu dëggu mëna joxe **"lëkkaloo ci bépp àtte bu federal ci cha" krim (lu melni njuuj njaaj ci juuti, liggéey bu amul lijjaassa, yor drog, fitna, wala PPP/njuuj njaaj ci ñàkkum liggéey). Seede civil biñ woo, wuute na ak kiy tuumal krim (ku mëna baña nangu seede), seede civil biñ woo dafa wara toog, wax seen tur, déglu laaj bu nekk, ba noppi woote ci laaj bu nekk: "Ci xalaatu avocat bi, maa ngi woote ak sargal sama declinement ak sama Juroom bi Coppite."
7. Ndax sa patroŋ mën nala dàq ndax ñàkk nga liggéey ngir déggal santaane? Ci réew yu bari ci Etats Unis, Canada, UK, ak Australie, yoon terewul bu baax ci wàllu aar seede ak sàrti réew mi su patroŋ di dàq, wàcce liggéeyam, yar, wala tiital liggéeykat bi ndax nanguwul liggéeyam. subpoena** (espesialeman ci krim, fitna ci kër, wala summons ci àttekaay), lépp bëgg ngeen jox sa patroŋ ay kopi subpoena yi ci saa si nga ko joxe.

Regle yu mag yiñ tëral ngir woo seede yi ak woo leen ci àttekaay (Royaume-Uni, Canada, Australie)¶

• Royaume-Uni (Seede bu ñuy woo ci wàllu CPR pàcc 34 ak sàrti doxalin kriminel): Ci Angleterre ak Pays de Galles, ñu wecci baat "subpoena" ak Seede buy woo (Formulaire N20 ci dosiye siwil). Ci Regle bu Procédure Civil 34.5 ak 34.6, ab Seede Summons mën nañu ko tënk sudee joxe nañu ko 7 fan laataa bis bi seede bi wara ñëw (fileek àttekat bi santaane ñu yeggali ko lu gëna gàtt) AK pàrti bi koy joxe dafay joxe wala fay **tukki bi àttekaay bi ak ndàmpaay bi yoon santaane ndax ñàkka am jotu liggéey). Sudee dañu la jox Summons Seede te kenn yëgal la ko lu mu néew 7 fan, te kenn joxul la xaalis ngir jëf, wala ñu laaj këyitu privilège/amul njariñ, mën nga ñaan àttekaay bi ci wàllu CPR 34.3(4) ñu def Summons Seede bi beddi wala ñu soppi.
• Canada (Woo ngir Seede / Suppoena ci sàrti Province & Code Penal): Ci jëf siwil yu Canada (lu melni Sàrt 53.04 / Sàrt 34.04 ci sàrti Prosedur Siwil bu Ontario), **Woo ngir Seede mën nañu ko jëfandikoo (Formulaire 53A) garanti fileek serwër bi moo la jox woote bi ak xaalis bi war ngir ñëw (ñu koy xayma ci Tariff A: daanaka 50 CAD bis bu nekk boole ci ndimbalu tukki bi). Sudee summon bi dafay saaga, di noot, wala di sàkku dokimaa yu amul njariñ ci kenn ku bokkul ci pàrti bi, mën nga indi motion ngir follu summon bi. Ci dosiye kriminel yu Canada (Code Criminal Section 698 ba 708), Suppoena du sàkku xaalis ngir seede yi ci dëkk bi, te dafa wara ànd ak Mandatu Seede bu am solo sudee nangu wuñu ko.
• Australie (Suppoena ngir ñëw ngir joxe firnde / Suppoena ngir wane): Ci wàllu Sàrti Procédure Civil Uniforme (UCPR Part 33) ak sàrti Tribunal Federal ci Australie yépp, subpoena amul benn njeexte ci wàllu yoon** fileek joxe wuñu ko ci wala balaa **"Bis bu mujj biñ imprime ci bis bi, AK" génne ay tender pàrti Xaalis jëf doy ngir mëna fay sa tukki ak sa dëkkuwaay. Rax ci dolli, ngir Subpoena ngir wane këyit, pàrti bi ko joxe dafa wara fay UCPR Rule 33.11 ngir fay ki bokkul ci pàrti bi perte wala xaalis bi mu def ci topp subpoena bi (bokk ci waxtu liggéeykat, seetlu IT, fere fotokopi). Mën nga ñaan Registrar bi wala Tribunal bi dindi subpoena bi lëmm wala pàcc sudee "expedition de napp" la, di sonal nit, wala di yàq doxalin wi.

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Saytu nañu ay balluwaay¶

• Tribunaal yu Etats Unis ak Biro Administratif bu Tribunaal yu Etats Unis: * Regle federoo bu Prosedur Siwil Regle 45 (Subpoena: Serwiis, 100-Mile Geographic Limits, 14-Day Bind Àtte, Dakkal wala Soppali benn Subpoena, ak Regle Federal bu amul benn Parti), 88 / AO 88A / AO 88B*.
• Kodu Etats Unis: 28 U.S.C. Taxawam 1821 (Seede buy ñëw bis bu nekk ak ndimbalu kilometrage ci Tribunaal Federal yi) ak 18 U.S.C. Section 1512 / 1519 (Fàcce ak yàq dokimaa ci amal lànket federoo).
• Komisoŋu Yoon buñ Boole (Etats Unis): Sàrtu Yoon bu Boole ci diggante Réew yi ak Gis-gis yi (UIDDA) Status buy Yorandi ak Doxalinu Yoon Bitti Réew.
• Ministère de la Justice (Royaume-Uni): Sàrti Procédure Civile (CPR) Wàll 34 (Seede yi, Seede yi, Seede yi ñuy woo, Sàrti Liggéey bu 7 fan, ak Xaalis biy Yorandi) ak Tegtal 34A.
• Ministère bu procureur général bu Ontario (Canada): Regle yu Procédure Civil Regle 34.04 & Regle 53.04 (Woo Seede, Tariff A Xaalis biy laaj ngir ñëw, ak Motion ngir dindi).
• Tribunaal federoo bu Australie ak NSW sàrti doxalin siwil yuñ yamale (Australie): UCPR pàcc 33 (Suppoenas: Xaalis buy jëfandikoo, Bis bu mujj ngir liggéey, Njëg yiñ wara fay ngir topp sàrt yi 33.11, ak Teg Suppoenas).

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Def nañu ko ci àttekaay civil
• Dañu tuumal krim ak kaaraange kriminel
• Komànd yiy tere, komànd yiy aar, ak ay sàrti paj mu jamp
• Raporte loraange yi ci barabu liggéey bi ak yelleefi ñiy yëgle