Neige buum (Photokeratitis) ci àll bi ak aar bët buñ defar¶

Buntu neige, ñu xamee ko ci medsin ni keratite ultraviolet wala fotokeratite solaire lakk bu metti la ci kornea bi ak ci bët bi, te loolu dafay bawoo ci rayon ultraviolet yu tar yi (UV-B ak UV-A) yuy feeñ ci neige, ci glacier, ci xeer yu kawe, wala ci ndox yu kawe. Ndax neige bu bees dafay feeñal 80 ba 90 pursaa ci radiasioŋ ultraviolet biy dugg ci jant bi, joge ci suuf si, fekk altitude bu kawe bi dafay wàññi couche filtre biy muur atmosphere bi, alpiniste yi, skieur yi, snowshoer yi, ñiy yéeg tundu ci hiver bi, ak tukkikat yi ci polar yi mën nañu muñ couche bu tar ci jawwu ji. 90 simili** te kenn duko wër luy tere bët yi UV, doonte ci suufu niir yu mat sëkk wala lay bu leer "whiteout".

Li tax snow blindness nekk lu amul fenn ci àll bi mooy 4 ba 12 waxtuy latency. Alpiniste wala skier bu ñàkk benn peeru lonetu soleil ci kaw glacier ci midi, du yëg benn metit ci boori tisbaar, rek mu yewwu ci biir seen tente ci xaaju guddi ci metit wu metti ak bët yu newwi, yuy spasm (blepharospasm) yu mënu ñu ubbi. Buñu nekkee ab aay ci kaw tund wu xarañ, glacier bu xar, wala yoon wi hiver bi nekk ci suufu zero, dafay soppi gaañ-gaañu corneal buñu mëna delloo nekk exposition bu mëna gàllankoor dundu ak emergency daanu. Gid bii dafay leeral physique atmosphérique bi, yokkuteg màndarga yi, pajum bët yi ci dëkk bi, defar jéego par jéego ay lunette stenopeic yuñ defaree stil Inuit, ak ay protocole ngir rawale nit ñu silmaxa yi.

Defal lii leegi¶

1. Genn ci jant bi ak neige bi ci saasi: Ci saasi képp ku nekk ci sa pàrti gis bët yu wow yu woyof, gëna xëcc bët, sensitivite ci leeraay (photophobie), wala mu xamni seen lunettes de soleil wala ski goggles réer nañu wala dañu yàqu, toxu ci tente bu am lëndëm, no neige cave improvised, forest orput ci saasi. Bul xaar ba metit wi tàmbali: balaa sa bët di metti, epitelium kornea bi dafa tàkk ba noppi di jeex.
2. Dindil lentiy yi ci saasi balaa bët yi di newwi tëju: Sudee nit ki dafa sol lentiy, waxal ko mu raxas wala nga desinfecte ay loxoom, ba noppi nga dindi lentiy yi ci saasi balaa muy mëna ubbi ay bëtëm. Bàyyi lentiy yi ñu tëju ci kaw kornea bu lakk radiasioŋ dafay xiifal tisu bi, jàpp bakteri yi (Pseudomonas), ba noppi indi keratitis bu metti buy joxe jàngoro.
3. Bul musa frotte bët yi: Surfaasu kornea bu ñor bi am ay lëndëm dafay nuru suuf su dëgër wala weer wuñ tëju ci suufu bët yi. Sooy fëgg bët yi ci anam wu mekanik, dafay dindi selul epitelial yu basal yi des, ba noppi gëna xootal lakk bi.
4. Nooyal ci lëndëm gu mat sëkk ak kompres yu sedd, yu xawa tooy ak lubrifiant bu amul lenn luñu ciy tëye: Def malaad bi ci biir tente bu lëndëm wala nga muur seen bët ak buff bu ñuul, mbaxna, wala ñaari bët yu am pad suko defee benn bët du stimuler shi leeraay (ndax ñaari ndongo yi dañuy booloo **consenal benn bët buñu raxasul dafay indi spasme iris bu metti ci bët bi gaañu). Diw ci mbàjj mu set nga seddal ko ndox mu sedd (bul musa def glaas bu ñor wala neige ci kaw bët yi, ndax loolu mën na tax bët yi di lakk) nga sotti ci rangooñ yuñ defaree bët yu amul lenn luñu koy denc wala pomade ophtalmique bu amul loraange 1 wala 2 waxtu yu nekk.
5. Jox garab metit bu nekk ci gémmiñ: Xaarandi metit wu metti wi ci neer corneal bi ak spasme ci sidit ciliaire yi jëfandikoo ibuprofen (400 ba 600 mg 6 ba 8 waxtu yu nekk ak lekk) ak/wala **acetaminophen/paracetamol malaad bi (500 ba 1,000 mg waxtu yu nekk) epitel bi dafay yeesalaat ci diiru 24 ba 72 waxtu.
6. Tabax ay lunette stenopeic yuñ defaree sa bopp sudee danga wara rawale ci saasi: Sudee anam yu taw, avalanche, wala feebar bu kawe lool forse ekip bi mu toxu balaa bëti malaad bi di wér, defar benn peeru **1-milimetre ay lunette yu tëdd, wala benn strip buñ defaree bouleau (ñu leeral ko jéego par jéego ci suuf) wala nga teg tukkikat bu silmaxa bi ci kaw buum bu gàtt bu am buum. Woowal sa nimero urgence bi la gëna jege (911 ci Etats Unis ak Canada, 112 ci biir Union Européenne, 999 ci Royaume-Uni; xoolal lépp nimero paj mu jamp) wala nga def sa balise SOS satelit sudee danga tëju ci suuf su am loraange.

Backcountry Neige buntu Triage & Rawale dogal garab¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Exposition UV ci dëkk bi / Aar bët bu ñàkk<br/>wala metit wu tar ci bët ci camp bi"] --> Stage{"Saytu ni mbir yi di demee leegi"}

    Stage -->|"Jafe-jafe fàggu:<br/>Lunettes/lunettes de soleil réer wala yàqu ci neige;<br/>amul benn màndarga"| BuildNow["DEFAL LUNTET YU AM FINTE YU GËNA CI SAASI<br/>Bul doxantu 15 simili yu amul benn bët<br/>Dagg 1 mm (0.04 in) fente yu tëdd ci buum, karton,<br/>wala pad mousse; lëndëm surface bi ci biir ak këriñ/sali"]

    Stage -->|"Mandargay feebar bi (4 ba 12 waxtu ginaaw biñu ko laal):<br/>Yeg suuf suy xoyom, xottiku, fotofobi bu metti,<br/>bët yu xonk, bët yuy yëngu te doo ko bëgg (blepharospasm)"| RedFlags{"Ekraŋ ngir gis-gis-tiital darapo xonk yu wuute"}

    RedFlags -->|"Benn bët (benn bët kese) ginaaw bi ngelaw/car bi dóoree,<br/>pus biy génn, pupile bu jaarul yoon, wala bopp buy metti/halo"| AltDiag["SUSPEKTI ABRASIYUNU KORNEE, YARAM BU BITT,<br/>ULCER, WALA GLAUCOMA BUY TËJ CI ANGLE AKUT<br/>Bët buy muur te du am fitna; defar evac medikaal bu gaaw"]

    RedFlags -->|"Bilateral (ñaari bët yi) ginaaw tukkib neige/glacier/ndox;<br/>xottiku bu leer, metit wu dëgër"| TreatCamp["PROTOKOLU FOTOKERATITIS (BUUMA CI NEIGE)<br/>1. Dindil lentiy yi ci saasi<br/>2. Bul musa frotte ay bët; bul musa jëfandikoo ay peppu anesthésie<br/>3. Defal rangooñ/pomade + Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen"]

    TreatCamp --> EvacChoice{"Ndax barabu kàmpiŋ bi wóorna ngir dëkk ci barab bi 24 ba 48 waxtu?"}

    EvacChoice -->|"Waaw (camp flat bu wóor, essence/ñam bu bari, temperatiir bu dal)"| ShelterRest["BA 48 WAXTU<br/>Deel muur ñaari bët yi ci biir tente bu ñuul ak mbàjj mu tooy bu sedd<br/>Epithelium corneal bi dafay gaaw defaraat ci 24 ba 72 waxtu"]

    EvacChoice -->|"Déedet (Ci kaw bu feeñ, yoonu avalanche, HAPE/HACE, wala taw bu metti)"| BlindEvac["DEFAL EVAKUASIÓN BU AK LUUNTE AK JÀPPALE WALA AK LUUNTE CI FISU<br/>Sudee mën nañu ubbeeku ci wàll wi: defal lunet yu am pax mu am 1 mm<br/>Sudee bët yi newwi nga tëj: patch ñaari bët yi & jëfandikoo Pole Trekking bu dëgër<br/>Buddy For Sandwichd Tether wala Short-"]

Physique ak Patofisiologie Corneal ci Neige¶

Xam naka radiasioŋ ultraviolet di songe bët bi dafay leeral lu tax niir yi amul benn kaaraange ak lu tax feebar bi di am ay waxtu ginaaw bi jant bi so:

1. Fiiru Albedo bu am ñaari dose ak yokkutekaayu kawewaay¶

• Albedo neige bu bees (80% ba 90% Reflexion UV): Ñax, suuf, ak xeer yu ñuul yi dañuy xëcci 90 ba 95 pursaa ci radiasioŋ UV jant bi, di seetlu 3 ba 10 pursaa ci kaw. Waaye neige bu bees dafay feeñal 80 ba 90 pursaa ci UV-B (280 ba 315 nanometre) ak UV-A (315 ba 400 nanometre) ci kaw suuf si ci wàll wu nekk. Doonte danga sol mbaxna bu yaatu wala mbaxana jant, rayon UV yi dañuy feeñ ci neige bi jubal ci suufu mbaxana mi, wër wet yu ubbeeku yi ci lonetu mbedd mi, jubal ci sa koornea.
• Multiplier UV biy yokk kawe gi: 1,000 meetar (3,280 pied) yu gëna kawe ci kaw géej gi, dooley radiasioŋ UV bi ci jawwu ji dafay yokk lu tollu ci 10 ba 12 pursaa ndax masse air bi ak guddaayu aerosol bi gëna néew ngir tasaare leeraay bu gàtt. Ci 4,000 meetar (13,100 pied) ci kaw glacier alpine, UV bu direct bi ci kaw boole ci 85 pursaa ci UV biy feeñ ci neige bi dafay wane cornea buñu aarul ci lu ëpp 2.5 yoon radiasioŋ ultraviolet bu tefes gi.
• Li waral bis yi "Whiteout" yu niir yi di gëna bari: Lu ëpp 80 pursaa ci radiasioŋ UV jant bi dafay dugg ci niir yu woyof wala yu yam yi ak lay alpine. Ci whiteout, leeraay bi ñuy gis dafay wàññeeku tuuti (dafay waral sa pupille yi di gëna yaatu), ba noppi leeralu UV bi dafay rebondir di dem ak dikk ci diggante dëru neige bi ak plafond bu weex bi (effet boîte de diffusion optique). Skier yi ak alpiniste yiy summi seen lunett glacier yu ñuul yi ci leeraay bu plat ngir mëna gis contour neige bi bu baax, dañuy faral di am neige bu metti ci diiru ñaari waxtu.

2. Lu waral metit wi tàmbali 4 ba 12 waxtu ci ginnaaw¶

Cornea nit moo am densité bi gëna rëy ci nerf yiy jeexal metit (** nociceptors ** yu bawoo ci xaaj ophtalmique bu nerf trigeminal, CN V1) ci bépp tisu ci yaram wi, lu tollu ci ** 300 ba 600 yoon lu ëpp reseptëru metit ci milimetre kaare ** der. 1. Waxtu 0 ba 2 (Yaxxum fotochimik bu noppi ci ADN): Bi foton UV-B yi di dal ci kaw 5 selil yu dëgër yi ci kornea bi (epitelium kornea bi), ADN selulaar bi daf leen di xëcci, daal di nekk dimer pyrimidine ak xeeti oxygen yuy reaktif. Ndax lii ab reaction photochimique la, te du ab lakk bu tàng, doo yëg dara sooy am. 2. **Waxtu 4 ba 12 (Apoptose ak Mass Epitelial Sloughing) **: ñeent ba fukk ak niaari waxtu ginaaw biñu ko feeñee, selul epitelial yu cornée yi yàqu ba mën faatu dañuy dundu deewu selil buñ programme (apoptose) ba noppi **slough ci ay patch yu ndaw (epitelium biy génne). plexus nerf sub-basal directement ci air bi ak ci biir surface bu bët bi. 3. Waxtu 12 ba 24 (Peak Agony ak Reflex Blepharospasm): Saa yu bët bi di xëcc ci neer yi, dafay melni këyit bu dëgër buy gaañ bët bi. Nerf trigéminal bi dafay génne arc reflex bu mag ci neer kanam bi (CN VII), di tëj sidit orbicularis oculi yi ci luñu ko bëggul, lu melni spasme (blepharospasm) ci noonu muy fees bët bi ak rangooñ reflex (epiphora) ak tëj pupille spaciliaire). 4. Waxtu 24 ba 72 (Yaakaar bu gaaw ci selil yu ndaw yi): Amna chance, selil yu ndaw limbal yi ak selil epitelial basal yi ci catu kornea bi dañuy xaajaloo, daal di dem ci membrane bi ci suuf ci lu gaaw. Sudee dañu ko aar ci leeralu UV, frottement, ak infection, surface cornée bi dafay feeñaat ci diir bu weesuwul 24 ba 48 waxtu te leer gi mat sëkk dafay dellusi ci diir bu weesuwul 72 waxtu.

Matrix biy wuutale feebar bi: Neige buum vs. yeneen jafe-jafe bët ci àll bi¶

Ci gox yu sedd, am ngelaw, yu kawe, barina jafe-jafe bët yu wuute yuy toppandoo neige bu bët bi. Jëfandikool tablo bii di méngale feebar bi ngir firndeel sa feebar:

Jéego-ci-Jéego Pajum Backcountry ngir Snow Blindness¶

Su benn ci ndaw yi yewwoo wala mu taxaw ci yoon wi ndax neige bu metti, toppal xeetu paj mi ñu tëral:

Jéego 1: Dindi lens yi ci saasi ak saytu bu woyof¶

• Waxal malaad bi mu toog ci biir tente wala barab bu am lëndëm ngir neige bi duko mëna tàkk.
• Sudee bët yi dañu tëju bu baax ndax blepharospasm, dangay teg mbàjj mu sedd, tooy ci kaw bët yi ñu tëj ci lëndëm ci diiru 10 simili ngir dakkal reflex trigeminal bi, ba noppi nga dindi bët yi ci suuf ngir dindi bépp lentille. Def lenti yi ci keesu boyet te bul dugalaat lenti yi 7 fan ginaaw bi ñu wéree bu baax.
• Sudee sa kit dafa am bande fluorescein yu ñuy jëfandikoo benn yoon kese, ak leer gu baxa (wala làmpu bant), taatee koornea malaad bu silmaxa ci neige dafay wane ay tombi wert yu tasaaroo, yu am tombi ñaw yu wert ci zone interpalpebral (keratitis bu tasaaroo ci kaw wala keratitis bu tasaaroo), di firndeel laceration.

2ème étape: Lubrication ophtalmique ak fàggu infeksioŋ¶

• Barière humidité bu njëkk bi: Dugalal rangooñ yuñ defaree nit te amul luñu koy denc (fiol carboxymethylcellulose wala hyaluronate yu ñuy jëfandikoo benn yoon) 1 ba 2 waxtu yu nekk balaa ngay yewwu, WALA nga def ci **0.5 santimet (0.25 puus) luum mineraal bu amul sikk (0.25 puus) diw) wala pomade bët buy ray antibiotik (lu melni eritromisin 0,5% wala pomade bacitrasin/polymyxin B) dugal ko ci sac conjonctival bi ci suuf 4 ba 6 waxtu yu nekk.
• Li waral pomade bi di raw tiflitu bët yu woyof yi ci guddi gi: Pomade ophtalmique bu dëll dafay muur neer corneal yu ñor yi ni njegenaay bu viscose suko defee bët bi ci biir di gliise bu baax ci kaw epithelium bi amul dara te duko gaañu ci nelaw Rapid Eye Movement (REM).

Jéego 3: Ñaari bët yu lëndëm noppalu vs. Benn bët patching¶

• Li tax nga wara lëndëmloo bët yépp: Neer yiy saytu tëjug pupile yi (nucleus Edinger-Westphal) ñu ngi boole ci diggu yuur gi. Soo patch bëtu ndeyjoor bi kese, nga bàyyi bëtu cammoy bi muurwul ci neige bu leer, leeraay biy dugg ci bëtu cammoy bi dafay forse ** ñoom ñaar ** pupille yu cammoñ yi ak yu ndeyjoor yi ñu gëna xëcc benn yoon (** reflex pupillaire consensuel **), di jur spasme yu metti ci sidit ciliaire yi ci biir.
• Regle bu bees biñ tëral ci bët yi: Jàngat yiñ amal ci klinik yi dañu wane ni patch mekanik bu dëgër ci abrasion cornée ak keratitis UV du gaawa wér, te mën na tàngal bët bu tëju, di ñaax bakteri yi ñu màgg. Duñu laxas benn wad bu dëgër ci kaw benn bët, nga fexe ba malaad bi tëdd ci tente bu lëndëm, sol ** buff fleece bu lëndëm bu lëndëm, masku nelaw bu soie, wala ñaari bët yu laxasu ci kaw ñaari bët yu tëju yi ** nga def ci kaw mbubb mu xawa tooy ci jë bi ak ci bët yi.

4ème étape: Jamonoy analgésie systemique¶

Lubrifiant topikal dafay féexal surface bi, waaye metit trigeminal bu xóot bi dafay laaj paj anti-inflamatoire ak analgésique oral (sudee malaad bi amul allergie, feebaru rein, ulcère peptik, wala ay contraindication): - Ibuprofen (AINE): Dafay wàññi inflamasioŋ bu prostaglandine ci kornea bi ak spasme ciliaire (regime buñ miin ci mag ñi te soxlawul ordonaas: 400 mg ba 600 mg ci gémmiñ 6 ba 8 waxtu yu nekk ak lekk ak ndox). - Acetaminophen / Paracetamol: Dafay tere metit wi yegg (regime buñ miin ci mag ñi te soxlawul ordonaas: 500 mg ba 1,000 mg ci gémmiñ 6 waxtu yu nekk te baña weesu 4,000 mg ci 24 waxtu). Njaxas ibuprofen ak acetaminophen ci waxtu yu wuute dafay joxe seddal bu gëna baax te du sedate malaad bi ci jamonoy sedd (bu wuute ak garabi opioid, yiy tere noyyig ba noppi di gàllankoor thermoregulation ci kawewaay).

Ni ñuy defaree ay lunetu glacier (lunetu stenopeic)¶

Lu weesu ay junniy at, rëbbkat Inuit yi, Yupik yi ak Aleut yi ci biir Arctique dañu daan jël ay lunetu neige (ilgaak wala iggaak) ci bois drift, geen karibou, wala ivoire walrus bu am benn xar-xar bu sew bu tëdd. Lunette yooyu jëfandikoo wuñu weer wuñ tinte; Dañuy liggéey ci ñaari sàrti optik: 1. 95% Wàññi Irradiance Total: Dafay tëj barab bi ñuy xoole yépp lu ci des 1-milimetre (0.04-inch) xarxar bu tëdd dafay dagg radiation ultraviolet bi yépp ak radiation yiy feeñ yuy yegg ci cornea bi lu ëpp 90 ba 95 pursaa, di dindi reflexion bi ci kaw ak ci asamaan si leegi. 2. Efektu ouverture bu Stenopeic Pinhole: Soo xoolee ci benn xarxar bu mat 1 milimetre dafay dindi aberration sphérique peripherique ba noppi fokalise rayon lumière yi ci macula bi, loolu dafay tekki ni sax yéegkatu tundu bi ñàkk ay lonet wala lentilles contact dina gis gëna leer ci slimetre, gëna kawe ak bët.

ñeenti xeeti jëfandikoo jumtukaay yuñ jota am ci sa pack¶

flowchart TD
    M1["Dagg mask bu amul dara (15 cm x 6 cm / 6 ci x 2.5 ci)"] --> M2["Dagg Notch Notch & Cheek Seals<br/>Dagg benn V-notch ci digg bi ci suuf suko defee mask bi<br/>toog ci sa yaxu lex (di tere neige bi yéeg)"]

    M2 --> M3["3ème étape: ñuulal surface bi ci biir<br/>Fësal këriñ dénk, four soot, wala marker bu ñuul budul jeex<br/>ci biir mask bi ngir dakkal tasaaroo leeraay bi ci biir"]

    M3 --> M4["Dagg ñaari fente yu tëdd yu 1 mm (0.04 in)"]

    M4 --> M5["Takkal buum gi ak ay bouclier ci wet yi<br/>Def ay pax yu am doole ci ñaari temple yi<br/>Takkal paracord, dent dentaire, wala bootlace ci ginaaw bopp bi"]

Rawale ab naataango bu silmaxa ci neige ci kaw suuf su xarañ¶

Sudee alpinist bi wala skier bi daa am feebaru neige bu metti, bët yi tëju ci blepharospasm, xaar 24 ba 36 waxtu ci camp bu wóor dafay tax seen cornea wér ba mëna dox ci seen gis-gis. Waaye, sudee neige buy jegesi, fuur buy wàññeeku, loraange avalanche, wala feebaru kawe (AMS, HAPE, wala HACE) Dafay laaj ñu rawale ko ci saasi ndax malaad bi daa silmaxa ba noppi:

1. Tether Buddy Trekking-Pole bu dëgër (Dox wala Rabo Neige)¶

Bul musa jéema yóbbaale nit ku silmaxa ci kaw xeer yu jaxasoo, neige bu am pax, wala yoon yu sew, nga jàpp loxoom wala nga takk buum bu laxasu ci sa ndigg (loolu du joxe benn feedback ci yoon wi ba keroog mu daanu). - Pexem Harnais bu dëgër bu am ñaari pole: 1. Gid biy gis dafay dox ndànk ci kanamu ki silmaxa biy yéeg tundu (wala ñu toppalante ci suuf su yaatu). 2. Gid bi yor njiit li dafa yor jëfandikoo kanam yi ñaari yat yu ñu tàllal (benn ci loxo cammoy bi, beneen ci loxol ndijoor ji), di joxoñ yat yi ci ginaaw. 3. Ku silmaxa kiy yéeg tundu dafay tëye catu pañe bi ci loxoom cammoñ ak loxoom ndijoor, di dox 1 meetar (3.3 pied) ci ginaaw ki jiite ni oto saxaar bu paralel. 4. Fedback Kinesthetic 3D ci saasi: Saa yu njiit li yéegee ci kaw xeer wu rëy, wëlbatiku ci cammoy, wàññi gaawaayam, wala jéggal benn fosoŋ, poto paralel yu dëgër yi dañuy joxe ci saasi coppite ci angle bi ak coppite ci kawewaay bi ci loxoy yéegkat bu silmaxa bi, boole ci santimet ci 3, 2, 1... neige bu nooy buñ defaree 10 jéego"*).

2. Formaasioŋ "Sandwich" bu am ñatti nit ñu am buum yu gàtt (Ski wala Tukki ci Glacier)¶

Sooy wàcci ci ski wala nga jéggal glacier ak sa waa ekip bu silmaxa: - Gid Lead (Point): Dafay dog yoon wi, di xool ndax amna ay xar-xar, ba noppi di woo pente terrain bi ak ay gaañ-gaañu bu leer. - Malaad bu silmaxa (Digg): Dañu koy tëye ci kaw buum bu gàtt bu dëgër 3 ba 5 meetar (10 ba 16 pied) ci ginaaw njiit li, yor geen gi ci sac à dos njiit li wala yat yu dëgër ngir doxantu ci kaw piste yu amul xar-xar. - Gidu ancre bu geen (ci ginaaw): Dañu koy def 3 ba 5 meetar (10 ba 16 pied) ci ginaaw malaad bu silmaxa bi ci kaw benn buum bu dëgër/buum bu gàtt ngir nekk frein bu am doole ci saasi sudee skier bu silmaxa bi dafa gliise ci hardpack wala mu ñàkk ekilibre.

Limu aaru bët ci glacier ak ci hiver¶

• **Solal xeetu 3 wala 4 lunetu glacier (wala lunetu ski 100% UV400) **: Ngir yéeg tundu yu kawe ak tukki ci glacier ci pringtemps/été, solal lunetu 4 (VLT 3% ba 8% ci lumière, ** enveloppe polycarbonate ** bouclier côté ak pont bakkan bu jege. (Tegtal: Yoon tere na dawal oto lens yi ci kategori 4 ndax dañu ñuul lool ngir lëndëm ci tali).
• Defal benn peeru lunette UV400 wala ay lunet Mylar yuñ laxas ci bépp kit: Lunette soleil yi dañu yomb ñu daanu ci ay xar-xar, ñu naaw ci ridge yi, wala ñu toog ci biir tente. Yobbal lunet ski yu woyof wala peeru boor UV post-mydriatic ci biir sa kit premier secours.
• Deel takk lunette yi ci jamonoy niir yu weex ak leeraay bu plat: Wutal ñaareelu lunette ski bu am tint bu mboq, rose, wala amber (Category 1 wala 2) buy joxe 100 pursaa ci UV400 (400 nanometre) aar ci tàngoor wu rëy suko defee nga
• Yobbaale ay rangooñ yuñ defaree benn yoon te du am luñu ciy tëye ak pomade Erythromycin: Denc benn dose ci biir poos bu nekk ci biir dënn bi ngir ñu baña gelé ci tàngoor wi gëna néew nul.

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Saytu nañu ay balluwaay¶

• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS, United States): Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Acute Eye Injuries and Ultraviolet Keratitis in the Wilderness.
• American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO, United States): Photokeratitis (Ultraviolet Keratitis / Snow Blindness) Etiology, Diagnosis, and Corneal Epithelial Management.
• World Health Organization (WHO): Global Solar UV Index, Altitude and Snow Albedo Ultraviolet Reflection Physics, and Ocular UV Radiation Health Effects.
• International Commission for Alpine Rescue (ICAR MEDCOM): Mountain Medicine Recommendations for High-Altitude Ophthalmic Emergencies and Assisted Evacuation.
• College of Optometrists and National Health Service (NHS, United Kingdom): Clinical Management Guidelines for Photokeratitis and Superficial Punctate Keratitis.

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Bët bu baaxul, abrasion cornée, ak flash de soudure
• Eye injuries and chemical eye burns
• Hypothermie ci àll bi ak exposition ci sedd
• Feebaru kawe: AMS, HAPE, ak HACE
• Ski, snowboard ak musiba yi ci piste
• Annuaire numéro d'urgence