Dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji, ARkStorm, ak Pineapple Express: Mbënd buy taw ci kaw neige ak rawale ndox miy tuuru¶

Dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji (AR) mooy ndox miy dajaloo, di daw xél ci biir troposphere bi gëna suufe (typically 400 to 600 kilometers / 250 to 375 miles wide ak 2,000+ kilometers / 1,250+ miles long, di dawal ci kanamu kanam bu sedd bu sikloon extratropikaal ci dexu jet bu woyof bi) buy yóbbu ndox mu bari ci asamaan ci segond bu nekk 15 ba 25 yoon limu dexu Mississippi di naaw ci gémmiñam (or up to 2.5 times the flow of the Amazon River). Su amee dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji lu melni "Pineapple Express" (muy génne ngelaw lu tàng, lu bari ndox luy joge ci tropik yi ci wetu Hawaii) dafay mbëkk benn bariyeer bu am tundu bu melni Sierra Nevada, Cascades, Coast Ranges, Alpes yu bëtu saalum ci Nouvelle-Zélande, Orop terrain bi dafay forse dexu vapër bi mu yéeg bu baax (lift orographique). Air buy seddal bi dafay genne 150 ba 500+ milimeet (6 ba 20+ pouce) taw ci 24 ba 72 waxtu, ci noonu la toropikaal bi niveau gelé bu ëppu 2,500 ba 3,000 meetar (8,200 ba 9,800 pied) di génne taw ci saasi snowpacks (Taw-ci-Neige [ROS] mbënd), di jur musiba debris ginaaw lakk bu àll, di romb digue dex yi, di forse reservoir yi ci kaw seen cavitation auxiliaire d'urgence, fu cavitation bu gaaw mëna dem (ni ñu ko wanee ci USGS ARkStorm [Dexu Atmospheric 1,000] senaario megastorm te ñu wane ko ci jamonoy jafe-jafey 2017 ci Oroville Dam). Su amee AR Category 4 (Extreme) wala Category 5 (Exceptionnel) taw, Mbënd bu gaaw, Àrtu ci Naaw bu Lakk bu Àll, wala Komànd ngir Rawale Barrage/Spillway ci saasi ngir sa bassin bu kawe, e nimero paj mu jamp sudee ndox miy yokk jàpp ko. Ngir am jafe-jafe ci wàllu mbënd ak piste, xoolal sunuy njiit ci dex yi ci jawwu ji, dagg digue bi, ak mbënd yu yàgg, mbalit mi naaw ginaaw lakk bu tàng, ban bu lakk ci bassin, ak ay ventilatër alluvial, lak glacial biy jameet mbënd ak rawale nit ñi ci barage bi, ak mbënd yu gaaw.

Ndax ARkStorm wala back-to-back AR Family (saxaaru 3 ba 9 dex atmospheric yuy mbëkk benn basin ndox bu fees ci diiru 2 ba 3 ayu-bis) dafay jeexal absorption suuf si ak reservoir biy saytu mbënd yi balaa taw bu mujj bi di def survival Transport vapër (IVT)** meteo, radar niveau neige, ak conservation reservoir bi ci kaw vs. pursàntaasu dencukaay piscine mbënd ay fan laata mbënd mi ci sa vale.

Defal lii leegi¶

1. Rawal ci saasi sudee danga dëkk ci suufu lakk bu lakk (lakk ci 1 ba 3 at yi weesu) te limu taw yi di am mingi ëpp 12 to 20 millimeters (0.5 to 0.8 inches) per hour. Bul BULEEN xaar ngir gis potoxo wala ndox ci seen ëtt, te bul musa jéema "am kaaraange ci ñaareelu etaas bi wala ci kaw" ci barab bu mbalit mi di wal ginaaw lakk bu tàkk. Mbëndu dex gu ndoxe gi wuute na ak mbënd yi, mbalit miy lakk lakk 50 to 80 km/h (30 to 50 mph) muru potoxo viscose, troncs d'arbres, et grands granite de 10 tonnes (with the density of wet concrete, -2.0 g/cm3) biy dagg kër yu am ñaari etaas, dindi seen fondaasioŋ ci diir bu gàtt.
2. **Sudee danga dëkk ci canyon dex wala vale ci suufu barage bu mag, te kilifa yi joxe ndigal ngir ñu rawale nit ñi su amee barab buy tuuru, rawaleel PERPENDICULAR (ci wetu dex gi) ci kanaalu dex gi, jubal ci miiru vale yu kawe yi ci saasi. vague, ndax vague surge bu dagg barage bi dafay wàcci canyon ci 20 to 50 kilometers per hour (12 to 30 miles per hour) ak romb trafik bu bari bi ci suufu vale bi. Dawal wala nga yéeg jubal ci tundu wi gëna jege ba ci 15 ba 30 meetar (50 ba 100 pied) ci kaw dëru canyon bi.
3. Xool ñaari nimero yu am solo balaa bépp kategori 3, 4, wala 5 dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji: Niveau de congélation de la tempête (Snow Level) ak sa kàttan Pool Mbënd bu Reservoir bi ci kaw.
4. Sudee niveau gelé bu taw bi dafay yokk ci 1,200 meters (4,000 feet) ba 2,500+ meters (8,200+ feet), ay junni kilometre kaare neige ci tundu yi ci saasi dañu soppi neige biy naan Taw ci kaw neige, di yokk dex giy wal 3 yoon ba 5 yoon ci 6 waxtu.
5. Sudee sa reservoir bi nekk ci kaw dex gi mingi ci > 90% to 100% ci kaw piscine biy saytu mbënd mi / piscine brute, meetar kib bu nekk ci ndox miy wal ci tundu wi dañu ko wara sànni ci suufu dex gi jaare ko ci yoon wi gëna mag wala yoon wi ñuy jaar ci jafe-jafe.
6. Bul musa dawal ci wetu barrikad yu "Yoon yiñ tëj" wala ci yooni suuf yu mbënd, yooni cause, wala yooni digue (Turn Around, Don't Drown). 15 santimet (6 pouce) ndox mu gaaw mën na daaneel mag ci tànk yi; 30 santimet (12 pouce) dafay féey oto pasaage; ak 45 ba 60 santimet (18 ba 24 pouce) dafay bale SUV yu diis yi ak kamioŋ pick-up yi ci trotoire bi dem ci kanaal yu xóot yi.
7. **Soo dëkkee ci ginnàaw dex gu am ban ci biir basin bu woyof (lu melni Vallée Centrale Sacramento-San Joaquin, Vallée Fraser, wala Rhine/Po plains) nga gis ndox mu potoxo di tuuru ci sa ëtt wala fosoŋ ("suuf suy seey"), génn ci saasi. pressu dex gi mingi def ay tuyo ak ay tunnel ngir dindi suuf si ci suufu fondaasioŋ bi ci suufu digue bi; mën na am musiba buy jaar ci digue bi ci diir bu weesuwul 15 ba 60 simili.
8. **Deel am radio meteo bu ànd ak batëri NOAA, telefon bu am WEA (Wireless Emergency Alerts), ak Go-Bag ci sa wet ci sa lal ci guddi gi AR di wàcci. xaaju guddi ak 6:00 AM su reso kuuraŋ yi ak tour cellulaire yi doxee. Soo jàppee mbënd bu gaaw, yéegal ci barab bi gëna kawe ci tabax bu dëgër (sudee nekkul ci bitti xeer buy wal) nga woo sa dëkk nimero paj mu jamp.

Meteorologie ak Hidrologie: Lift orographique, Bande taw yu sedd yi ci kanam (NCFRs), ak senaario ARkStorm¶

====================================================================================
     PINEAPPLE EXPRESS ATMOSPHERIC RIVER: OROGRAPHIC LIFT & RAIN-ON-SNOW FLOOD
====================================================================================

   [ SUBTROPICAL MOISTURE PLUME (IVT > 750 to 1,250+ kg/m/s) ]
   * Low-Level Jet Wind (60 to 110 km/h) at 1 to 3 km altitude.
   * High Freezing Level: 2,800 to 3,200 m (9,200 to 10,500 ft) --> WARM RAIN
          |
          +---> [ OROGRAPHIC LIFT UP MOUNTAIN BARRIER ]
          |     * Air cools moist-adiabatically -> 200 to 500 mm (8 to 20 in) rain.
          |     * Latent heat of condensation melts deep snowpack (RAIN-ON-SNOW).
          |                                   /\
          |     ///////////////////////////  /  \  (Snow only above 3,000 m)
          |                                 /    \
          v   (Torrential Warm Rain)       /      \
       ~~~~~~~                            /   []   \ <-- Hydrophobic Wildfire
                                         /   /  \   \    Burn Scar -> Debris Flow
                                        /   /    \   \
                                       /   /      \   \
                     [ UPSTREAM DAM & RESERVOIR ]  \   \
                     * Flood Pool hits 100%         \   \
                     * Main & Emergency Spillways -->|   |
          ___________________________________________|___|______
         [ LOWLAND BASIN / VALLEY FLOOR: Levee Overtopping & Breach ]
====================================================================================

1. Dexu Ralph/CW3E (AR Muus 1 ba Muus 5)¶

2. Lan moy senaario Megastorm bu USGS "ARkStorm" (Dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji 1,000)?¶

Ki ko defar mooy U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ak 117 gëstukat, ARkStorm du luñu xalaat rek: dafay tabaxaat physique ci taarixu Mbënd bu Mag bu 1861 ba 1862 (bi soppi Vallée Centrale bu Californie, ci suufu géej bu yam 480 kilometre ci suufu 480 kilometre 3 meetar ndox) ñu boole ci ñaari jamonoy dex atmosphere moderne (January 1969 and February 1986). - Sediment geologik yu bawoo ci basin kostaal yi ak varve yu basin Santa Barbara dañuy firndeel ni megastorm yu tollu ci ARkStorm dañuy dal ci kotu sowwu Amerique du Nord lu tollu ci 100 ba 200 at yu nekk (an annual exceedance probability between 1-in-100 and 1-in-500). - Li waral famiy AR di yàq lu bari: ARkStorm dafay am 20 ba 40 fan yu toppalante AR Cat 3, Cat 4, ak Cat 5 taw yu toppalante yu am ridge atmosphere bu ko tëj. Ñaari taw yu njëkk yi dañuy fees suuf si ci tundu wi 100% kàttanu tool yi ak feesal reservoir yi ci kaw ba ci kaw seeni piscine yuy tere mbënd yi; su ñetteelu ak ñeenteelu taw bu tàng bi tuddu Pineapple Express dalee ci fan 15 ba 25, faawu 100 pursaa ci taw yiy daanu ak neige buy seey dañuy soppiku ci saasi nekk mbënd buy wal.

Ñatti loraange yu wuute yu am ci diggante tundu ak vale ci biir dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji¶

1. Ginaaw lakk bu am ci àll bi, mbalit miy naaw (NCFRs moo ko waral)¶

Su lakk buy lakk garabi chaparral, pin, wala eucalyptus ak doole ju rëy, wax garab yi dañuy vapër 2 ba 5 santimet ci suufu suuf si, daal di lakk couche buy dàq ndox (hydrophobe) buy sànni ndoxu taw ni trotoire asphalte. - Bande taw bu sedd bu sedd bi ci kanam (NCFR) Déclencheur: Ba ci biir taw bu AR Cat 2 wala Cat 3 bu yam, ab rasoir bu woyof (5 km wide) ligne squall convective ci front bu sedd bi ñuy woowe NCFR mën na sànni 15 to 40 millimeters (0.6 to 1.6 inches) of rain in just 15 to 30 minutes. - Runoff Amplification: USGS bi taw biy am ginaaw lakk bi dafa wane ni 15 simili taw yu am doole yu ëpp 24 mm/hr (0.95 in/hr) ci kaw scar bu bees (1 to 2 years post-fire) dafay dindi suuf si yépp jaaraleko ci sheetwash ak rill erosion, bulking ak dóóm, log, ak xeer yu tollu ni oto ci debris flow (30 to 80 km/h) biy jameet ci canyon yu tundu yi jaar ci ay fan alluvial yu banlieue (ni ko amee ci Montecito, Californie ci weeru saŋwiye 2018).

2. Jàng Niveau Barrage & Reservoir ak Àrtu ci Cavitation ci Spillway¶

Sooy saytu sa barage bi gëna kawe ci dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji (jaaraleko ci portaalu ndox yu etaa yi/federaal yu melni Californie CDEC, USACE Water Management, wala USBR), xam ñeenti zone yu taxaw yi ci reservoir bi ak ni ñuy jaar ba mëna dem:

====================================================================================
       ANATOMY OF A DAM RESERVOIR POOL & SPILLWAY CAVITATION / EROSION FAILURE
====================================================================================

   [ DAM CREST (Top of Earthen / Concrete Dam: Overtopping = Total Dam Breach) ]
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   [ SURCHARGE / EMERGENCY POOL ] --> Flows over UNLINED EMERGENCY AUXILIARY WEIR
                                      >>> Risk: Headward gully erosion cuts back
                                          toward weir crest -> Uncontrolled release
  =================== [ TOP OF FLOOD CONTROL POOL (100% Gross Capacity) ] ==========
   [ FLOOD CONTROL POOL (Reserved empty in winter to catch AR flood inflows) ]
   * Discharged through Concrete PRIMARY SERVICE SPILLWAY (Radial Gates).
   * >>> Risk at high flow: Joint uplift / CAVITATION blows out concrete slabs ->
         High-pressure jet scours earthen dam abutment
  =================== [ TOP OF CONSERVATION POOL (Normal Winter Max Level) ] =======
   [ CONSERVATION / ACTIVE STORAGE POOL (Water Supply & Hydroelectric Turbines) ]
  ==================================================================================
   [ DEAD POOL (Sediment Storage & Low-Level River Outlet Works) ]
====================================================================================

• Noo beton bu njëkk bi di dundu ndax stagnation-presion uplift ak cavitation: Su ndox mi wàccee ci beton bu gaaw bi ci 25 ba 40 meetar ci seconde (55 ba 90 mile ci waxtu), ñaari dooley yaram dañuy song dallu beton yi:
• Stagnation-Pression hydraulique Jacking: Sudee ndox mu bari gaawaay dugg na ci benn xar-xar bu ndaw wala benn joint offset diggante ñaari dallu beton (even a 5-millimeter lip), energie kinetik bu 30 m/s ndox mi dafay soppi ci saasi nekk presioŋ buy yéeg ci suufu daal bi (jacking hydraulique), di xotti dallu beton yu am 1 meetar ci dëru chute bi, ba noppi di wane fondaasioŋ bu nooy bi ci suufu daal bi.
• Implosion Cavitation Vapeur: Fu ndox mu gaaw di naaw ci kaw benn dos d'eau wala crack ci kaw parachute bi, pressu ndox mi ci gox bi dafay wàcci ci suufu pressu vapër bi, daal di forme ay milioŋ ciy bubble vapër yu ndaw. Millisegond ci ginnaaw, bi bubble yooyu di bale ci pression bu gëna kawe ci suufu dex gi, ñuy implode supersonically, di jameet ay ondes de choc yu ndaw yuy sàqami pax yu jub ci biir beton ak asiye.
• Màndarga yiy àrtu ci suufu barab bi: Soo gisee ndox mi weex mu jekki rek soppeeku maroŋ bu am potoxo wala xonk-oraŋ (maanaam jet ndox mi dafa dugg ci chute beton bi ba noppi di gas tundu suuf si), wala sudee kilifay emergency yi dañu wax ni reservoir bi dina **topxillir bis bi njëkk ci taarix, dajale te rawale zone inondation bi ci suufu ndox mi balaa crests spillway urgent.

Tablo buy méngale: Mbënd miy dem ginaaw lakk bu àll bi ak. Barage biy tuuru / Breach Surge ak Mbënd mi ci Lowland Basin Levee¶

Garab buy jël dogal ci Triage urgent¶

flowchart TD
    A["AR Muus 3, Muus 4, wala Muus 5 Dex gu Atmosphere / Ananas"] --> B{"Xamme sa zone geographique bu am fitna"}
    B -- "Zone 1: Ci diir bu weesuwul 5 km ci suufu < 3 at" --> C["LETHALITY BU YÀGG CI DEBRIS-FLOW:: 1. BULEEN xaar taw bi tàmbali; rawale sudee Rawale Àrtu/Komànd jafe-jafe: 2. Bul musa tëdd ci 2e etaas wala kaw (xeer yi dañuy mbëkk kër yi): 3. Soo jàppee ci guddi ndax potoxo buy yuuxu: daw ci wetu tundu wi jubal ci dex gi"]
    B -- "Zone 2: Ci biir Canyon dex wala valé ci suufu barage bu mag" --> D{"Saytu dencukaay bi ak tolluwaayu dencukaay bi"}
    D -- "Dellu bu mag bi dafay yàqu (plume bu maroŋ) WALA Dellu bu Jappale bu Jafe-jafe biy waaja yéeg" --> E["RAWAL CI CI SAASI CI BARRAGE BI:: 1. Rawaleel ci wetu dex gi (jub ci dex gi) yéeg ci miiru vale bi (+15-30 m): 2. Bul musa dawal ci suufu dex gi: 3. Yobbaale sac, garab, ak baayima yi balaa otoroute yi di tëju"]
    D -- "Reservoir bi ci suuf ci kaw piscine biy saytu mbënd mi ak yoon wi ñuy wal" --> F["Saytu li ofisel di génne ci barage yi; dellu ci tefesu dex gi ci jamonoy génnug cfs yu yéeg"]
    B -- "Zone 3: Plaine Mbënd / Ci Ginnaaw Digues Dexu Suuf" --> G{"Saytu digue yi ak dex gi"}
    G -- "Digue bi dafay fees, di daanu, wala potoxo Suuf suy seey ci ginaaw digue bi" --> H["IMMINENT LEVEE BREACH:: 1. Rawal bassin ci saasi ci yooni suuf yu kawe: 2. Bul musa dawal ci ndox ci kaw tali: 3. Soo jàppee ci yokkute bu gaaw: yéeg ci kaw (bul musa jàpp sa bopp ci sàq bu tëju)"]
    G -- "Digues tëye" --> I["Waajal kuuraŋ biy dagg ay fan yu bari, tëjug tali yi ak ndox mu sew mi"]

Nimero paj mu jamp ci gox yi ak portaalu saytu dex/barage ci jawwu ji¶

• **Etats Unis (Californie, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Intermountain West):**Bësal 911 ngir mucc ci saasi.
• AR & IVT xam-xam: Xool CW3E (Santar Scripps ngir meteo bu sowwu jàng ak ndox mu tar) AR Scale xam-xam ak NOAA / NWS Centre xam-xam xam-xam (WPC) Meteo taw yu bari.
• Burn-Scar Debris Flows: Xool USGS Post-Fire Debris-Flow Hazard Evaluations ak réew mi Àrtu Jafe-jafe yi amul kable (Ready.gov / CalAlerts).
• Niveau barage yi ak reservoir yi: Saytu dencukaay yi ak dencukaay yi jaaraleko ci Cantar buy weccoo ay done ci Californie (CDEC), USACE ngir am ndox, ak U.S. Biro buy defar suuf si (USBR).
• **Canada (Colombie britanik ak Canada atlantik):**Bëgg 911. Saytu Environmaa bi ak Coppite Klimaa bi ci Canada (ECCC) Njàngat yi ci Dex yi ci jawwu ji, Centre buy Xool Dexu BC àrtu yi, ak Alertu Waajal di siiwal.
• Royaume-Uni ak Irlande: Bësal 999 wala 112. Dex yiy nekk ci jawwu ji ci géeju Atlantik ci hiver bi (yi waral mbënd yu bari ci Cumbria, Galuwa ak Ekost) Biro Meteo, Agence Environnement, SEPA, ak Koom-koomu Gaal ñoo leen di topp.
• **Mbootaayu Ëroop ak Norvège:**Bësal 112. Toppal àrtu yi jaaraleko ci Meteoalarm, NVE (Norvège), ak sarwis hydrologik yu réew mi.
• Ostralie, Nouvelle-Zélande, Chili ak Asie Oriental: Bësal 000 (Ostralie), 111 (Nouvelle-Zélande, MetService Westland/Southern Alpes AR alert), 131/132 (Chili SENAPRED), wala xool nimero paj mu jamp.

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Lan mooy wuutale Dexu atmosphere bu nekk ci xeetu 1 ak bu nekk ci xeetu 5 ci echelu NOAA / CW3E?¶

Ralph/CW3E Atmospheric River Scale dafay rang taw yi tàmbalee ci AR Cat 1 (Weak) ba AR Cat 5 (Exceptionnel) ci ñaari nattug physique ci benn bërëb: piik Transport Vapeur Intégré (IVT, natt ko ci kilogramme vapër ndox buy jàll ci segond bu nekk) waxtu IVT nekk ci kaw 250 kg/m/s. Benn AR Cat 1 mën na yóbbu 250 ba 500 kg/m/s ci diir bu néew 24 waxtu, ba noppi dafay defar taw yu am njariñ ak neige ci tundu. Benn AR Cat 5 dafay wéy di am vapër bu bari buy dem ba 1000 ba 1500+ kg/m/s ci diiru 24 ba 72+ waxtu, di sànni 250 ba 600 milimeet (10 ba 24 pouce) ci taw ci kaw tundu yi, di indi ndox mu bari, jafe-jafe yi.

Lan moo waral waame bu tàng bu tuddu Pineapple Express di gaawa seey neige yi ci tundu wi, moo gën naaj wi ci pringtemps bi?¶

Ci jamonoy dexu Pineapple Express, ngelaw lu tàng, lu tollu ci 100 ci teemeer bo jél, dafay naaw ci neige bi ci tundu wi, ak gaawaay bu tollu ci 50 ba 100 kilomeet ci waxtu, ak ay gelé yu ëpp 2,800 meetar (9,200 pied). Bi tàngooru peppu taw yiy wàcci ci boppam seey neige bu néew, ngelaw lu am doole li dafay yóbbu kondensasioŋ bu bari ci vapër ndox mi ci kaw neige bu sedd bi. Graam bu nekk ci vapër ndox buy condense ci kaw neige bi dafay bàyyi 2,500 Joules ci tàngoor wu nëbbu, muy energie bu doy ngir seey 7.5 gram glaas. Buñu ko boole ak tàngooru ngelaw lu am solo, torch atmosphérique bii dafay gaaw seey 50 ba 150 milimetre ndox mu ndoxe ci neige bi, ci noonu la 200+ milimetre taw di daanu ci kaw, di yokk ñaari yoon wala ñetti yoon collu mbënd yi ci dex gi.

Lu tax doo mëna mucc ci mbalit miy wal ginaaw lakk bu tàng soo yéegee ci ñaareelu etaas bi wala ci kaw sa kër?¶

Sudee dex gi dafay fees ndànk, yéeg ba ci ñaareelu etaas bi wala kaw gi daf lay may nga nekk ci kaw ndox mi, fekk kër gi nekk ci kaw ndox mi. Debris yiy wal ginaaw lakk bu tàkk, nekkul ndox mu ndoxe: dafay nekk slurry bu bari 60 ba 80 pursaa potoxo, dóomu taal, garabi pin yuñ dagg, ak xeer yu mag yu 5 ba 20 tonne yu granit yuy daw ci 30 ba 80 kilometre ci waxtu (densité concreite ci gram2bi bu tooy). Su amee mbalit mu bari xeer bu fees dell ak kër buñ defaree bant wala brik, dooley dóor bi dafay ëpp 10 ba 50 yoon ndox mu leer, mu dagg kër gi yépp ci fondaasioŋ bi, ba noppi yëy etaas bu njëkk bi ak bu ñaareel bi. Danga wara génn ci barabu mbalit mi balaa taw bi di agsi.

Lan mooy Bande de taw bu sedd bu sedd (NCFR), te lu tax muy 30 simili yi gëna am fitna ci dex gu nekk ci jawwu ji?¶

Narrow Cold-Frontal Rainband (NCFR) ap taw bu am doole la, 3 ba 8 kilomeet ci yaatuwaayam, ay taw yu am doole yuy wàcci ak taw yu am doole yuy duggu ci wetu dex gu sedd gi ci jawwu ji. Doonte waame bi AR Cat 2 mbaa Cat 3 rekk la, jaar-jaaru NCFR ci kaw benn tund defay genne 15 ba 40 milimeet (0.6 ba 1.6 pouce) taw ci diiru 15 ba 30 simili, di faral di ànd ak tornado ak 90 km. Boobu taw bu 15 simili mungi romb bu baax USGS (24 mm/waxtu) luy waral ay mbalit yu magg ginnaaw lakk bu metti ak mbënd yu gaaw ci dëkk yi.

Naka la jafe-jafey spillway Dam Oroville ci 2017 amee, ak lan mooy màndarga yi njëkka am ci spillway bu jamp?¶

Ci Feburiye 2017, ginnaaw ay ayubes yu dex yu am doole yi fees ci Lake Oroville bu Kaliforñi, ndox mu gaaw mi daanu ci sarwiisu beton bu magg bi duggu ci benn fippu bu ñu boole, ubbi ap xar kanam bu magg ci biir beton bi daa di raxas tundu suuf si. Ngir moytu yàq buntu spillway bu mag bi, operatër yi wàññi nañu génnug ndox mi ci jamono ji dex gu tàng gi di dugg ci lak bi, di forse ndox mi mu romb spillway bu amul rëdd buy jàppale ndox mi, muy yoon wu njëkk biñu tabaxee barage bi ci 1968. di tiital benn miiru ndox bu 10 meetar te kenn mënu la wax, di forse ñu rawale 188000 nit ci suufu dex gi. Saa yu benn reservoir jegee 100 pursaa ci kàttanu mbënd mi ci jamono ji spillway bu mag bi yàqu wala throttled, ñi dëkk ci suufu dex gi dañu wara waajal rawale ci saasi ci wetu dex gi.

Luy 'suuf buy for' ci ginnàaw dex gi, te lu tax nga wara daw soo ko gisee?¶

Su dex gi taxawee ay fan ci kaw digue bu am suuf ci diiru dex gu atmosphere bi, presioŋ hydrostatik bu yéeg bi dafay forse ndoxu dex gi mu wàcci jaare ko ci suuf su am suuf si ci suufu digue bi. Sudee seepage bi am pressure ci biir suuf si dafay jaar ci kaw suuf si ci wetu digue bi (ci tool, fosoŋu drainage, wala ëtt ci ginaaw), dafay bubble up ni volcan bu ndaw bu wër ak benn ringu suuf suy sooga raxas wala silt bu am potoxo, ñu koy woowe boil suuf. Suuf suy seey di naaw ci ndox mu leer mën na nekk lu dëgër, waaye su suuf suy seey di pompe ndox mu potoxo ak ay peppu suuf, loolu dafay tekki ni tunnel bi nekk ci suufu suuf dafay jeex ci suufu digue bi, te loolu mën na tax kuronu digue bi dagg ba noppi dagg ci ay simili yu néew.

Boroom yi ak tegtali ofisel¶

• *Santar buy saytu klimaa bi ak ndox mi ci sowwu jant (CW3E, Daaray xam-xam géej ak jawwu ji (NOAA, Etats Unis): ** Eskale buy màndargaal doole ak jafe-jafe yi dex yi mëna jur ci jawwu ji (Ralph et al., Muus 5 IVT ak joxe leeral ci diir bi).
• NU. Survey Geologique (USGS, Etats Unis): Njàngat bu gàtt ci senaario ARkStorm (USGS 2010-1312) ak *Prograamu USGS buy saytu jafe-jafe yi ci naaw ginaaw lakk (15 simili yu am dooley taw ak bande sedd bu sew ci kanam) ci Ra.
• **Agence fédérale de gestion d'urgence (FEMA) & Corps d'ingénieurs de l'armée americaine (USACE, Etats Unis): ** *Njàngale federoo ngir kaaraange barage yi, waajal jëf ci jafe-jafe yi (FEMA P-64), Cavitation/stagnation ak mekanisien yuy yéegloo presion yi,
• Rapportu ekipu forensiik moomel sa bopp (IFT) ci jafe-jafe yi am ci baraasu Oroville (ASDSO / USSD, Etats Unis): Càmbaru forensiik ci serwiisu beton buy tuuru, ak dagg boppu bu tuuru bu amul ligne.
• Environmaa bi ak Coppite Klimaa bi Canada (ECCC) & Mbootaayu Meteoroloji ci Àdduna bi (WMO): Taw ci kaw Neige (ROS) Fisik Flux Tàngoor bu nëbbu ak Xalaatal Mbënd ci Dex yi.

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Dex yi ci jawwu ji, dagg digue bi, ak mbënd yu yàgg yi
• Mbalit yiy wal ginaaw lakk bu tàkk, ban bu lakk ci bassin ak ay ventilatër alluvial
• Mbënd yu bari yu am ci lak glacial ak rawale nit ñi ndax barage bi dafa yàqu
• Mbënd yu gaaw
• Mbënd