Beton bu tooy (siman) lakk alkali ak pëndu kalke gaañ-gaañu ci bët¶

Moo xam dangay sotti ab dallu patio ci ëtt bi ci Samdi ci ngoon, def mortier brik, def stucco wala plâtre, wala tasaare chaux agricole ci tool bi wala terrain sportif, liggéey ak ciment Portland, beton bu tooy, mortier masonry, chaux hydraté, ak quicklium bu waw \(\text{CaO}\)) dafay wane der bi ak bët yi ci benn ci loraange yi gëna njuuj njaaj, yàq alkaline ci tabax ak defar kër. Saa yoo jaxase ndox ak poudre ciment Portland bu waw (bu am 60 ba 65 pursaa ci oxide calcium ci diisaay bi), ab reaksioŋ hydratation chimik dafay soppi poudre bi mu nekk hydroxyde de calcium (\(\text{Ca(OH)}**dexidium (\)\text{NaOH}\()** ak **hydroxyde de potassium (\)\text{KOH}\()**, dawal alkalinité u béton bu tooy ba ci **\)\text{pH buy lakk bu baax diggante 12.5 ba 14.0}$.

Béton bu tooy bi wuute na ak lakk yu tàng yi wala asid batëri yiy lakk ci saasi ba noppi di forse la nga delloo sa loxo, beton bu tooy bi dafay dindi tisu bu noppi, ndax hydroxyde calcium alkaline dafay njëkka noot neer yu der bi ci kaw der bi, ci noonu la der bi di saponifie necrosis ci so Beton bu tooy sol jean denim bu yàgg, wala ñu am simin bu tooy di wal ci kaw seen dàll liggéey, dañuy faral di yëg zero metit ci 2 ba 6 waxtu yu njëkk yi. Ginaaw ñu jeexalee liggéey bi ba noppi ñu summi seen pàntaloŋ wala seen dàll ci waxtu reer, lañuy gis ni der bi ci seen wóom, seeni yax, wala seeni tànk dafa seey ba nekk lakk bu xóot, bu ñuul-violet wala bu weex-der bu ñatteelu degre bu mat sëkk buy laaj ñu jël der bi gëna dëll. pëndu lime, plâtre, wala gënn gu tooy ci bët bi, fu ion hydroxide yi duggee ci kornea bi ci diir bu néew 15 ba 60 seconde ci noonu la particule lime yu weex yi di nekk ci suufu bët bi gëna kawe (**conjonctival bi gëna kawe **conjonctival bi gëna kawe), raxas fileek bët bu kaw bi dañu ko wëlbatiku ci biir ba noppi bale ko mu set.

Gis-gis bu mat sëkk bii dafay joxe jéego ci jéego ci wàllu dekontaminaasioŋ ci tool yi, "Sàrtu broos-off poudre bu waw" ngir kalke buy dundu, protokol tampon pH ginaaw raxas, ak irigaasioŋ oculaire urgent ak pexe yuy dindi bët yi méngoo ak Etats Unis Kaaraange ci Liggéey ak Administrasioŋ Wérgi-yaram bu Etats Unis (OSHANIpa CDC), kuréel gi yor wàllu lakk ci Amerique (ABA), kilifa gi yor wàllum paj ak kaaraange ci UK (HSE), ak Royal College of Ophtalmologists.

Defal lii leegi¶

Sudee yaw wala kenn ci sa wet amna beton bu tooy, gënn, grout, stucco, wala poudre lime bu waw ci seen der, mu dugg ci seen yéere wala seen dàll, wala ñu tuuru ci seen bët:

1. Ngir BÉPP Lime, Ciment, Mortier, wala Plaster ci Bët bi: Tàmbalil Floosh ci diir bu weesuwul 10 seconde nga wëlbati bët bi:
2. BUL xaar nga dawal ba hopitaal balaa ngay raxas bët: Alkali dafay dugg ci kornea nit ci diir bu weesuwul 30 seconde**. Ci saasi nga tëye bët yi nga ubbi leen bu baax ak say baraam, nga wéy di sangu bët yi ak ndoxu robinet bu nugg, ndox buteelu, wala saline bu amul sikk (wala Diphoterine solution amphoteric sudee mingi ci barab bi) ci diiru 30 ba 60 simili yu mat.
3. Dindil lentiy yi ci saasi sooy tàmbali fóotu.
4. Bale lime bu dëgër bi tëju ci suufu bët yi: Ndax lime bu dëgër bi, gënn, wala plâtre dafay nëbb ci biir pli yu xóot yi ci suufu bët yu kaw yi ak yu suuf yi, ba noppi di seey ndànk ci alkali bu bees \(\text{pH} 13\) ci diiru ay waxtu, dindi bët yi ci suuf (upper lip down and) swab shaft** suko defee mucckat bi wala doktër bi mëna fomp ndànk bépp tombi weex bu tëju ak wëtteen bu tooy bi muy wéy di roose ci yoon wi jëm ci bànxaasu paj mu jamp (xoolal gaañ-gaañu ci bët).
5. Defal "Regle de Brush-Off poudre sec" LAATA ngay taal ndox mi ciment bu waw wala lime ci der bi:
6. Sudee sa loxo, baat, wala yéere dañu laxasu ci poudre ciment bu waw, njaxasu mortier bu waw, wala kalsium bu waw (oxide de calcium, \(\text{CaO}\)), **dindil yéere yu am pënd yi nga BROSSE wala nga yëngal poudre bu waw bi gëna bari ak mbàjj mu wow.
7. Yokk tuuti ndox (wala ñaq) ci kaw benn layer bu dëll bu waw buy dundu dafay indi reaction hydratation exothermique bu am doole (\(\text{CaO} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \fett bu ndeyjoor \text{Ca(OH)}_2 + 150^\circ\text{C} / 300^\circ\text{F}\)) biy togg sa der ci saa si pH 13 alkali bi koy dindi ci anam wu chimik.
8. Sottil ci saasi ay pàntaloŋ, ay chaussettes, ay dàll, ay gant ak ay bague yu xooj ci beton:
9. Saa yoo gisee beton bu tooy bi di wal ci sa wóom ci sa pàntaloŋ wala mu tuuru ci kaw sa dàll liggéey, ** bàyyi liggéey ci saasi**. Summil ci saasi pàntaloŋ bu tooy bi, kawas yi, dàll yi, montor yi ak baagu baraam yi. Bul musa wéy di liggéey ak yéere yu xawa tooy beton "30 simili rek ngir jeexal troweling daal bi."
10. Defal der bi ndox mu bari luy daw lu tollu ci 30 ba 60 simili yu mat:
11. Gunaaw boo borosee poudre bu waw ba noppi dindi yéere yu tooy yi am beton, nga sangu der bi ci biir ndox mu sedd buy wal bu baax wala ci hose ci diiru 30 ba 60 simili ba keroog bépp yëg-yëgu saabu buy jeex ci der bi.
12. Jëfandikool saabu ndoxe bu pH-neutral bu woyof wala bu asid tuuti (bul musa jëfandikoo scrubber pomme bu am abrasiif bu dëgër, ndax dafay dindi epiderme bi néew doole).
13. Rinse bineegar bu nekk ci kër gi ci kaw der bu amul benn sikk/superficiel (Gannaaw buñu ko raxasee bu baax ci ndox rek):
14. Dermatologie liggéey ak tegtali kaaraange tabax (bokk ci bulletin kaaraange beton OSHA ak protocolu siman bu lakk) xamle ni ** ginaaw1 20 simili**, nga raxas wala nga raxas der bi nekk ci biir beton bi ak bineegar bu weex buñ raxas (5 pursaa ci asid acetik) raxas ko ci 50:50 ak ndox** (wala nga raxas phosphate tampon/amphoteric) dafay jàppale hydroxide calcium (calcium alcaline) nekk ci biir pore stratum corneum bi ci biti, daal di koy raxas ci ndox mu sedd. (BUL MUSAA def bineegar ci bët yi wala ci ab góom bu xóot bu ubbeeku).
15. Demal ci bànxaasu paj mu jamp ci hopitaal bi wala santu lakk ngir bépp der bu violet, ñuul, weex, wala bu am ay lëndëm:
16. Ndax beton bu tooy dafay waral necrose liquefactive bu mat sëkk buy nuru lu plat wala luy metti ci bis 1, bépp lakk bu beton ci wóom, shins, ankles, wala loxo yu wane **melo bu baxa-violet, ulce bu weex bu leer, ulcé bu weex, emediation, blisters toppatoo sa bopp ci kër ak pomade antibiotik.

Diagram triage beton, siman ak kalke ci jamonoy jafe-jafe¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Exposition ci beton bu tooy, ciment portland, mortier, plâtre wala chaux"] --> SiteCheck{"Fan la exposition bi amee?"}

    SiteCheck -->|Eye Splash: Lime Dust, Wet Mortar, Concrete,<br/>Plaster, or Whitewash in the Eye| EyeUrgent["URGENCE BU DËG (Kornea bi dugg ci <30 segond)<br/>1. Tambalil sangu ak ndox mu nugg/saline CI 10 SECOND<br/>2. Dindil lentiy yi; tëye bët yi ubbeeku bu baax ngir moytu blefarospasm<br/>3. Deel faral di roose 30 ba 60 SIMILE<br/>4. DEFAL BEERUSIOŊU ÑAARI BËT: Bëcc bët yi ci kaw ak ci suuf ngir dindi<br/>bépp tombi weex bu dëgër bu tëju ci lime/ciment grit ci fornices yi<br/>5. Yobbu ci bànxaasu paj mu jamp ngir Morgan Lens irigaasioŋ ba pH = 7.0-7.4"]

    SiteCheck -->|Skin / Clothing Exposure:<br/>Hands, Knees, Shins, Ankles, or Arms| DryVsWet{"Ndax substance chimik bi ci kaw der bi poudre bu waw la wala slurry bu tooy?"}

    DryVsWet -->|Dry Powder: Dry Quicklime (CaO),<br/>Dry Portland Cement, or Dry Mortar Mix| BrushFirst["JËF 1 (REGLE POUDRE WAW): Sooy yéere yu am pënd & BROSSE <br/>bépp poudre bu waw ak sarbet/brosse bu waw LAATA ngay yokk ndox<br/>(Dafay tere 150°C exothermic hydratation tàngoor lakk ci der bu ñaq)"]

    DryVsWet -->|Wet Slurry: Wet Concrete, Mortar, Grout,<br/>Stucco, or Concrete-Soaked Pants/Boots| StripWet["JËF 1: Bàyyi liggéey ci saasi. Sooy summi<br/>pantaloŋ yi, chaussettes yi, dàll yi, gant yi, montor yi ak baagu baraam yi nga xooj ci beton"]

    BrushFirst --> WaterFlush["JËF 2: Mënd der bi ak ndox mu sedd mu bari ci diiru 30 ba 60 SIMILE<br/>ba lépp luy lakk, saabu (grees saponified) dem"]
    StripWet --> WaterFlush

    WaterFlush --> VinegarStep["(Der bi kese - MUSAA Bët yi): Ginaaw 15-20 simili nga raxas ci ndox, nga raxas der bi nekk ci siman ci diir bu gàtt ak bineegar bu weex bu ñuy jëfandikoo ci kër gi (5% asid acetik jaxase 1:1 ak ndox) ngir dindi pH/p3 bu des. beneen 15 ba 20 simili"]

    VinegarStep --> DepthEval{"Saytu melokaanu der bi (leegi ak ci 4-12 waxtu yi):<br/>Ndax amna ay rëdd yu violet/baxa/ñuul, lu weex luy tëf,<br/>y am ay lëndëm, wala metit wu metti?"}

    DepthEval -->|Yes: Discoloration, Blisters, or Kneeling/Boot Burn| BurnUnit["DEMAL CI SAASI CI SENTRE BURN CI HOPITAAL<br/>Béton bu tooy mën na indi nekrose liquefactive bu 3e degre bu dëgër<br/>te dafay laaj ñu teela dagg tangentiel bi ak grefage der bi"]
    DepthEval -->|No: Only mild dry redness ("Dermatite siman")| DermCare["Defal ko kreem buy féexal xol bu amul xet; xool bu baax lu weesu 24 waxtu<br/>(Weel paj sudee ulcer yu yeex, allergie chrome, wala metit dafay am)"]

Patofisioloji: 4 anam yi ñuy yàq siman ak kalke¶

Lan moo waral beton wala kalke bu tooy di gëna yàq der ak bëti nit, moo gën asid bu tollu noonu ci concentration bi? ñeenti mekaniism yu wuute ci wàllu chimik ak physique ñooy songu yaram wi benn yoon:

1. Alkalinité bu tar (pH 12,5 ba 14,0) ak nekrose buy ndox¶

Siman Portland bu waw ñu ngi koy defaree ci tàngal xeer kalkeer ak ban ci biir fuur ngir defar ay silikat kalsiyom yu amul ndox ak oxide kalsiyom (kalkeer buy dundu, \(\text{CaO}\)), ci wetu oxide sodium (\(\text{Na}_2\text**)ssium ak{O} (\)\bind{K}_2\bind{O}$). Ndox mi ñuy yokk ci saasi:

CaO

$\(\tekst{Na}_2\tekst{O} / \tekst{K}_2\tekst{O} + \tekst{H}_2\tekst{O} \fett bu ndeyjoor 2\tekst{NaOH} / 2\tekst{KOH (Hydroxyde de sodium/potassium, pH 13.5 à 14\).

• Nekrose liquefaktif ak saponifikaasioŋ: wuute na ak asid yu am doole yi (yiy coagule protein yi ci kaw suuf si nekk benn crust eschar bu dëgër buy tere asid yi dugg bu gëna xóot), ion hydroxide yi (\(\text{OH}^-\)) ci beton bu tooy bi **saponifier asid graa yi ci membrane selul yu nit ñi protein kolagen yi nekk protein alkaline yuy seey.
• Li waral beton di yëg "rittax wala saabu" ci say baraam: Su liggéeykat yi yëgee filmu bu nooy, rittax, saabu ci seeni baraam yu amul dara, bi ñuy laal mortier bu tooy, film bu rittax boobu DU saabu ci siman bi: liggéeykat bi boppam mooy soppi der bi ci biti ion.

2. Tàngoor Exothermic bu Hidratasioŋ (Lakk bu Tàngoor bu Gaaw bi)¶

Sudee pëndu kalsium bu waw (oxide de calcium, \(\text{CaO}\))** wala pëndu siman bu bari kalsium dafa laal ñaq bi ci biir koliye chemise, soset, wala dàll, wala ñu ko diw ci ndox mu néew, reaction exothermique biy génne **65.2 kilojo kilo}\()** tàngoor. Benn couche bu dëll bu chaux buy dundu buñu tooyal ak ñaq ci kaw der liggéeykat bi mën na yegg ba **\)80^\circ\text{C}\text{ ba }150^\circ\text{C}$ ($176^ ci kaw pH 13 lakk alkali.

3. Desikaasioŋ higroskopik (Desidraasioŋ selulaar)¶

Siman bu waw buy dëgër hygroscopic la: matrix hydrate silicate calcium kristaline bi dafay muuree ndox ci lépp lumu laal ngir dëgër ba noppi dëgër. Su siman bu tooy wala bu waw toogee ci kaw der nit, dafay dindi ndox mi ci biir selul yi, génne ko ci selul epidermal yi ak dermal yi, daal di weer ak wàññi tisu bi, boole ci dajale fluid pore alkaline bi.

4. Abrasioŋ agrégat mekanik + krom hexavalent (\(\text{Cr}^{6+}\)) Sensibilisasioŋ¶

• Suuf ak Agrégat Grinding: Beton bu tooy ak gënn ñu ngi leen di defaree suuf quartz bu ñaw ak agrégat xeer buñ daggate. Su beton bu tooy duggee ci biir benn dàll wala mu dugg ci wóom yi ci jean denim, jéego bu nekk wala wóom bi dafay nuru këyit bu dëgër, ** di yëy mekanik ngir dindi stratum corneum biy muur ** ak ubbi micro-chaine yu direct ngir pH 13 calcium hydroxide ngir mbënd jubal ci de.
• **Chrom hexavalent (\(\text{Cr}^{6+}\)) Dermatite bu bawoo ci der biy bawoo ci laal **: Macceer yu bees ak moulin four en acier dañuy bàyyi ay lim yuy seey ci ndox. agents, ni ko Union Européenne ak UK sàkku). Luñu koy baamtu lu bari, \(\text{Cr}^{6+}\) dafay dugg ci der bi alkali yàq, daal di indi ay lëndëm yu metti, yu amul àpp, yuy génne dermatite ciment allergique ("xasan bricklayer") ak **"ulcère chrome."

Tegtale loraange yi ci Siman, Beton, Mortier ak Lime¶

Deep Dive 1: Lu tax beton buy tooy di nuru "Bruises yu amul benn loraange" ci bis 1 (Clinique Staging)¶

Benn ci fiir yi gëna ñaaw ci pajum paj mu jamp mooy lakk alkali bu dëgër (ñatteelu degre) bu bawoo ci beton bu tooy nuruwul xal wala lakk buy tàkk su malaad bi njëkkee summi seen pàntaloŋ wala seen dàll:

1. Waxtu 0 ba 4 (Faasu Saabu buy Nootu):
2. Bi beton bu tooy bi di dugg ci wóomu jean liggéeykat bi wala di sloshing ci biir seen dàll, der bi dafay tàng tuuti wala di xasan tuuti, ba noppi dem numb ndax ion hydroxide pH 13 dafay yàq nerf epidermal bi ci kaw. Su liggéeykat bi raxasee ko ci diir bu weesuwul 15 simili, xonkaay bu woyof kese lay am. Suñu ko bàyyee 2 ba 6 waxtu, liquefaction bu mat sëkk mingi tàmbali.
3. Waxtu 4 ba 12 (Fiiru njuumte ci "Bruise Purple"):
4. Su liggéeykat bi dindie seen jean wala soset yu dëgër, yu am crust beton ci 6:00 PM, der bi ci kaw seen wóom wala seeni pooj dafay faral di nuru violet bu ñuul, violace, baxa bu lëndëm, wala ñuul bu maroŋ, yenn saa mu wër ko ay lëndëm yu xonk wala ay lëndëm yu xóotul, wala ay lëndëm yu xóotul. der**.
5. Malaad yu bari dañuy xalaat: "Dama sukku ci kaw beton bu dëgër bis bi yépp, samay wóom daa metti," ba noppi ñu tëdd ginaaw bi ñu defee lotion wala pomade antibiotik buñ jaay te soxlawul ordonaas.
6. **Ci dëgg, patch bu violet bu ñuul wala bu weex bi dafay trombose ci vesoo deret yi ci suufu dermis bu dee ba noppi saponified nelaw.
7. Waxtu 12 ba 48 (Yeew ak metit wu metti ak ulceration Eschar):
8. Guddi gi wala ci suba si, bi lakk alkali bi yeggee ci fibre yu metti yu xóot yi ci tisu subcutané ak periosteum, malaad bi dafay yewwu ak ** metit wu metti, tàng, throbbing **, newwi, ak jooy ulcer necrotic yu muur ak gray-black wala yellow-weex.
9. Li waral ñu teela yóbbu santu lakk mooy jafe-jafe: Ndax coppite yi ñuy soppi ci lakk bu xóot ci beton jël nañu 6 ba 12 ayu-bis ngir dindi tisu alkaline bu dee bi ba noppi bàyyi ay scars hypertrophique ci wóom ak contractures joint, santar yu yam ci lakk yi dañuy def operation ak tangar grefage der, liggéeykat bi wér ci diiru 2 wala 3 ayu-bis.

Deep Dive 2: Lime ak siman ci bët yi (ñaari bët yu ñuy wëlbatiku ak limbal yu selil yu ndaw yi)¶

Ci wàllu ophtalmologie, su bët yi di tuuru lime (oxide de calcium wala hydroxyde de calcium), mortier bu tooy, plâtre, wala beton, dañu jàpp ni bokk na ci jafe-jafe yi gëna yàq ci medsin bi yépp, moo gëna bonn bu tuuru asid batëri.

1. Lu waral lime di seey cornée bi ba noppi di indi bët bu weex budul jeex ("Bët bu weex bu porcelaine")¶

• 15-Second Dugg: Bi asid bi di féete ci surface protein yi ci kaw epitel corneal bi, ba noppi yeexal seen dugg, ion hydroxide alcaline (\(\text{OH}^-\)) dañuy saponifier membrane selul yi ci epitel corneal bi ci segond, ba noppi dindi glycamino dugg ci chambre bi ci kanamu bët bi ci diir bu weesuwul 15 ba 60 seconde, yàq lentille bi (mu waral katarakt bu gaaw) ak trabeculaire bi (mu waral glaucome alcalique secondaire bu tar).
• Limbal Stem Cell Ischemie (Fiiru "Bët bu Weex" bi): Lu jaarul yoon, bët bu lakk lime, fu wàll wi weex ci bët bi (sclera ak conjonctiva bi wër cornea bi) nuru weexu marbre te amul deret **dafa gëna am jafe-jafe xonk budul jeex ak bët bu ndeyjoor
• Bët bu xonk bu leer mingi wéy di am vesoo deret yuy dundu yuy jaar ci limbus corneal (bague bu am 1 ba 2 milimetre bi wër catu cornea bi, di barab bi selul yu ndaw epitelial limbal yépp di dëkk).
• Sclera/limbus bu weex melni porcelaine dafay tekki ni alkali pH 13 bi dafa jaxasoo bu baax ba noppi yàq vesoo yiy dundal selul yu ndaw yi (ischemie limbal). Su selul yu ndaw yi amul ak deret jiy daw, kornea bi dafay seey jaaraleko ci enzyme kolagenase (ulcère ak perforaasioŋ kornea bu amul doom), wala mu nekk lu nëbbu ba fàww, am ay léget (lakk bët bu Roper-Hall/Dua Grade IV).

2. Protocolu xettali bët yi ci tool bi ak ci hopitaal bi¶

1. Irigaasioŋ buy wéy ci saasi (Tàmbali ci barab bi ci diir bu weesuwul 10 segond):
2. Bul ñàkk 20 simili ci dawal ba ci klinik biy faj lu gaaw te lime baa ngi toog ci bët yi. Jëfandikool ci saasi ndox mu sell mi la gëna jege: barab bu ñuy raxasee bët yi, canister Diphoterine, ndox buteelu, hose jardin bu am pressure bu woyof, pulverisatëru evier bu waañ, wala douche.
3. Taxawal bët yi ak sa baraam mag ak baraam bi lay wane (nga tëye ko ci boor orbital bi, bul musa tëye ci bët bi ci boppam sudee danga jàpp ni daa am gaañ-gaañu buy dugg) nga xooj ko ci koñu bakkan bi dem ci biti diko wéyal **30 ba 60 simili **.
4. Ni ñuy defee eversion upper eyelid ngir dindi particules lime yu dëgër yi tëju:
5. Li waral ndox mu sell mi du mëna raxas sudee jëloo jéego yii: Plâtre kalke, gënn, ak siman ñu bari luñuy seey ci ndox. Crumbs yu weex yu dëgër yu hydroxyde de calcium dañuy gëna xëcc ci fornix conjonctival supérieur (poche cul-de-sac bu xóot bi kawe ci suufu bët bi ci kaw) su kiñ laal xëccee bët yi tëju ndax metit. Doonte dangay dugal 5 litir ci saline ci kanamu bët bi, xeer yu weex yi tëju ci suufu bët bi dañuy nekk depot alkali pH 13 buy génne ndànk, di wéy di dindi ion hydroxide ci kornea bi ay waxtu.
6. Pexem bale bët jéego ci jéego:
   1. Teg bëtu bët bi ci suuf wàcci, nga wax kiñ laal mu xool ci kaw, nga jëfandikoo aplikatër bu am catu wëtteen bu xawa tooy (Q-tip) wala koñu pad gaze bu tooy ngir bale ndànk bépp grit bu weex wala pat siman bu dóomu taal ci poos bi ci suuf.
   2. Laaj kiñ laal mu xool jubal ci suuf, jubal ci tànk yi (liy féexal sidit levator bi ci muur bi ci kaw).
   3. Japp we yu kawe yi ndànk diggante sa baraam mag ak baraam biy wane, nga dindi we yi ci kaw tuuti ci kanam ak ci suuf, nga def jëmmu wëtteen bu tëdd ci diggu bët bi ci kaw (** lu tollu ci 1 centimetre / 0.4 pouces ci kaw liiñ bu kawe bi**), ci bët bi yéeg ci kaw arbre tampon bi melni flipping manchet ci biir ak biti **.
   4. Teg benn baraam ci kaw baat bi, nga jëfandikoo ñaareelu tampoŋ wëtteen bu tooy ngir fomp ndànk bépp lëndëm bu weex buy feeñ ci lime wala siman bu tafu ci conjonctiva tarsal bu rose bi ci biir.
   5. Ci bànxaasu paj mu jamp mi, doktër yi dañuy dugal ay tippu anesthésie ci bët yi (proparacaine wala tetracaine), dugal ci retracteur couvercle Desmarres ngir def eversion double fu xóot ci biir fornix bi gëna kawe, diko roose ak Lentille Morgan Normal buñ takk ci **2 ba 3 solution EDTA disodium topique ngir chelate plaques de chaux calcifiés), nga xool filmu rangooñ bi ak këyit litmus 30 simili ginaaw biñu taxawalee irigaasioŋ ba pH bi nekk neutre ci \(\text{pH} 7.0\text{ba }7.4\).

Limu saytu ngir moytu: Liggéey ci anam wu wóor ak beton, gënn, ak kalke¶

• Sol dàll kawsu bu mëna dundu ndox ak tànki pàntaloŋ yuñ laxas ci kaw dàll yi (musu leen dugal ci biir): Soo dugalee pàntaloŋ liggéey ci biir dàll yi dafay defar entonnoir buy yóbbu bépp splash bu beton bu tooy jubal ci say tëst ak say chaussettes. Teg pàntaloŋ buy dundu ndox ci kaw bitti dàll kawsu yu kawe yi nga takk manchet bi sudee dafay dugg ci ndox mu xóot.
• Bul musa sukk ci kaw beton bu tooy te amul kneepads kawsu bu tëju wala planche kneepad: Kneepads yu ñuy defaree mousse wala mbàjj mën nañu dugg ci ndoxu siman pH 13 ci diir bu gàtt; Deel faral di jëfandikoo kneepads en caoutchouc bu amul ay pore ci kaw pàntaloŋ bu amul ndox.
• Sol Gant yu Nitrile wala Neoprene yu dëgër te mëna xeex alkali (bul musa sol gant wëtteen wala der): Gant wëtteen wala der dañuy xëcci ndoxu siman alkaline ba noppi tëye ko ci say yax bis bi yépp. Fexeel mu waw bu baax ci biir sa gant, te bul musa dindi gant bi ak baraam yuñ muur siman.
• Denc benn seau bu def ndox mu sell, benn buteelu bineegar bu weex, ak ay lunettes de sécurité yuñ tëj ci wetu bépp mélangeur: Raxasal tuuti beton bu tooy ci say loxo wala say tànk ci diir bu weesuwul 60 seconde topp ci raxas bu gàtt ak bineegar bu sell.
• Tereel chaux bu wow (\(\text{CaO}\)) wala chaux bu ndox (\(\text{Ca(OH)}_2\)) ci màrku liiñ yi ci terrain sport yi: Bul musa jëfandikoo chaux bu waw bu bawoo ci mbay mi wala chaux bu hidrat ngir defar ligne ci kaw terrain football, football, wala baseball; su joueur yi gliise ci ligne bi ci bis bu taw wala ñaq, dañuy am corneal lime burns ak full-thickness groin / thigh burns. Jëfandikool carbonate de calcium buñ raxas (\(\tekst{CaCO}_3\) / krey kalkeer buñ poor, \(\tekst{pH } 8\tekst{ba }9\)) wala peinture athletik.

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Tay dama sotti benn patio ci beton, may sukku ci kaw daal bi ci sama jean. Bima summi sama pàntaloŋ ci guddi gi, der bi ci kaw sama ñaari wóom dafa ñuul bu violet bu lëndëm, am ay lëndëm yu ndaw ci catu yi. Ndax samay wóom rek laa gaañ, wala lakk chimik la?¶

Loolu DU ab metit: danga am lu xóot, lu mat sëkk (ñatteelu degre) lakk chimik alkaline bu bawoo ci siman Portland bu tooy (am pH 12.5 ba 14.0, dëgër ni ndox mu setal), te danga wara dem ci departemaa bi yor paj mu jamp ci hopitaal wala santu lakk. Ndax hydroxide calcium dafay dindi grees yi ci der bi jaaraleko ci necrose liquefactive ba noppi di teela gëna xëcc neer yi ci kaw, lakk yu sukku ci beton xam nañu ni duñu metti ci bis bi, ñuy nekk violet bu ñuul, baxa-ñuul, wala waxy-weex ci guddi gi ni vesoo deret yi nekk ci suufu der bi. Fësal sa ñaari wóom ci biir ndox mu sedd lu tollu ci 30 simili leegi, nga muur ko bu baax ak pansement bu waw bu set (bul diw pomade yu am diw), nga dem hopitaal ngir faj lakk.

Lan moo tax mën nga jëfandikoo bineegar bu ñuy raxas ci der bu nekk ci siman bu tooy (ganaw boo ko raxasee ak ndox), fekk njiitu paj mi dafa wax ni BULEEN MUSAA def bineegar ci kaw luy raxas ndox mi (lye) lakk?¶

Su amee ku tuuru lye hydroxyde de sodium bu ndoxe ci der bi, sotti bineegar bi ci kaw substance chimik bu konsantre bi dafay indi ci saasi reaction exothermique (defar tàngoor) asid-base buy togg góom bu ñor bi ci tàngoor. Ak siman Portland bu tooy ci kaw der bu amul benn sikk wala bu metti, waaye, danga njëkka raxas pat siman bu bari bi ci suufu ndox mu bari luy daw ci diiru 15 ba 20 simili. Doonte raxas nañu ko bu baax ci ndox, ion hydroxyde calcium yu ndaw yi dañuy wéy di lëkkaloo ak protein keratin yi ci biir pore yi ci biti (di tëye pH der bi ci kaw 11 ba 12 ba noppi di indi yëg-yëg buy yàgg). Lenxal der bi nga raxas ci diir bu gàtt ak bineegar bu weex buñ raxas (5% asid acetik dilué 50:50 ak ndox) dafay tampon bu baax residu alkaline yi ñu delloo ci pH der bi (5.5 ba 7.0) te du génne tàngoor, ginaaw ga nga raxas ko ci ndox mu mujj. Bul musa def bineegar ci bët yi wala ci ab góom bu xóot te ubbeeku.

Lu tax doktëru bët bi wéy di raxas bëtu sama jëkkër ci diiru benn waxtu ci hopitaal bi doonte 15 simili lañu raxas plâtre bu lime bi ci kër gi?¶

Particule yu dëgër yu am chaux (oxide de calcium wala hydroxyde de calcium), plâtre, ak gënn duñu mëna diis ci ndox, te dañuy nekk ci biir poos yuñ laxas yi ci suufu bët yu kawe yi ak yu suuf yi (fornices conjonctival yi). Doonte ginaaw 15 simili yu ñuy raxas surface bi ci kër gi, ay crumbs yu weex yu ndaw yu tëju ci suufu kaw bët bi dañuy wéy di seey ndànk ci biir filmu rangooñ yi, dawal pH u bët bi dellu ci 12.5 wala 13.0 soo xàddi sotti ndox mi. Ci hopitaal bi, doktër yi dañuy tëj bët bi, ba noppi ñu wëlbati (double-evert) bët bi ci kaw ci kaw benn retracteur ngir dindi bépp xeetu lime bu dëgër bu tëju, ba noppi diko roose 2 ba 3 litre saline ba keroog ñuy dugal pH neutre ci bët bi 30 simili ginaaw bi filmu bi taxawee. ba 7.4.

Git bii dafay joxe leeral, te du wecci jàngat pajum liggéeykat, pajum ophtalmologie ci jamonoy jafe-jafe, wala tàggat yaram. Noo ngi lay digal nga jàng njàngum paj mu njëkk ci barabu liggéey bi, jaaraleko ci Federasioŋ International bu Kurwa Ruus ak Sosiete yu Croix-Rouge (IFRC), sa sosiete nasonaal bu Kurwa Ruus, St John Ambulance, wala ab joxekatu kaaraange ci liggéey bu am sertifikaa.

Saytu nañu ay balluwaay¶

• Kaaraange ak Wérgi-yaram ci Liggéey (OSHA, Etats Unis): Fàggu Jafe-jafe Der ci Liggéey ak Siman Portland (Kàrtu Njàngalem OSHA & Njàngalem Poos).
• Kuréel gi yor wàllu kaaraange ak wérgi-yaram ci liggéey (NIOSH, Etats Unis) & Centre yiy saytu feebar yi ak fàggu leen (CDC): Gidu poos bu NIOSH ci loraange yi ci wàllu chimik: Siman Portland, Oxyde de Calcium (Calcaire quickle), ak Hydroxide de Calcium (Chalcaire hydraté).
• Association Burn bu Amerique (ABA): Téere biy jàppale lakk yu xóot yi (ABLS): Xeetu paj mi ci alkali, siman, ak lakk yu bawoo ci bët yi.
• Ndawi Wérgi-yaram ak Kaaraange (HSE, Royaume-Uni): Fiche de construction CIS26: Ciment (Fàggu lakk yu alkali ak dermatite chromium hexavalent).
• Royal College of Ophtalmologists & Akademi Ophtalmologie bu Amerique (AAO): Xam-xam bu jamp ci gaañ-gaañu chimik yu bët yi (Alkali ak Lime).

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Asid hydrofluorique, luy dindi xoosu, ak lakk chimik yuñ defaree usine
• Lakk yu metti ak der buy xonk
• Gaañ-gaañu ci bët yi ak irigaasioŋ chimik ci bët yi
• Guudron bu tàng, asphalte, ak plastik buy seey (protokolu dindi bitume)
• Nimero paj mu jamp ci réew mi