Tailings Dam Breach, Mine Sludge Mudflows, ak Toxic-Metal yu Diis yiy Mucc ci Mbënd¶

Barage hydroélectrique buñ defaree beton buy tëye ndoxu dex gu leer gi ci ginaaw miiru xeer buñ dëgëral, barage tailings (wala barabu dóóm buñ defaree këriñ) barab bu mag la buñ defaree ngir denc ay milioŋ ciy tonne ndox ci kaw fanine xeer yu woyof, ak produit chimik yuñ defaree génne wurus, përëm, wen, aluminium (red mud), fosfat, wala këriñ. Ndax barage yu bari yu yàgg yi ñu ngi tabax ci pexem yéeg, fu ñuy tabax ay digue yu toppalante ci kaw ban bu fees dell ak ndox ci boppam, taw yu bari, overtopping, erosion seepage interne (piping), wala suuf suy yëngu bu ndaw mën na tax kanam barage bi yépp ak ndox mi liquefaction statique wala sismique ci ay segond. Su barabu tailings bi yàqoo, du bàyyi ndox mu bari. Lu moy loolu, dafay bàyyi 10 ba 30 meetar ci kawewaay (33-to-100-foot) debit bu bari ci mine ak dëgëraay beton bu tooy (1,600 to 2,200 kg/m3) di daw wàcci vale bi ci 30 ba 80 km/h (20 ba 50 mph). Vague toxic boobu dafay yàq pon yu beton yuñ dëgëral, suul dëkk yépp ci ay simili, ba noppi bàyyi ci ginaaw ban bu saf, bu am wen wu diis wala bu am cyanure buy dëgër ni siman. Soo déggee ab bruit bu xoot ci biir suuf ci vale bi ci suufu mine wala sàntraalu kuuraŋ, wool sa dëkk nimero paj mu jamp ci saasi nga xoolaat sunuy njiit ci lak glacial biy jameet mbënd ak rawale nit ñi ci barage bi, deslides ak ban buy wal, tuuru chimik, ak cyanure ak inhalation gaz industriel.

Defal lii leegi¶

1. Evacuer PERPENDICULAR ci suufu vale bi ci saasi (yéeg jubal ci tundu wi gëna jege): Bul musa jéema romb potoxo buy wal ci daw wala nga dawal ci yoonu suufu vale bi. Vague de residu bu bari dafay daw ci 30 ba 80 km/h (20 ba 50 mph) ci suufu dex gi, waaye yéeg 30 ba 50 meetar (100 ba 165 pied) ci kaw miiru vale bi jëlul 3 ba 5 simili ci tànk joge ci zone bi ak dellu.
2. Jàppaleel bépp sirene bu mine, daanu bu gaaw wala potoxo bu bari ci ndoxu dex, wala bruit bu woyof ci saxaaru yab, muy luy yàqu ci saasi: Soo dëkkee wala nga liggéey ci Self-Rescue Zone (ZAS / ci diggante 10 kilometre wala 30 simili ci suufu barabu tailings), am nga 2 ba 15 simili balaa muy mbëkk. Bàyyil lépp ci ginaaw, bul taxaw ngir defar ay sac, tëj buntu yi, wala dajale baayima, nga daw yéeg ci yoon wi ñu njëkka màrke ngir rawale nit ñi.
3. Bàyyil sa oto ci saasi sudee trafik bi dafa taxaw ci yoonu vale wala ci pont: Pont yi ñooy tabax yi njëkka dagg ci seen pont ndax xeer yu bari yi ak ban yu bari yi ci kanamu vague tailings. Tëmb ci oto bi nga jubal ci tefes gi gëna gaaw ci wetu tundu wi wala ci wetu tundu wi.
4. Bu leen musa dugg ci potoxo bu fere wala buy waw ginaaw bi vague bi weesee: Potoxo bu residu yi dafay melni fluide thixotropic non-Newtonian: ab crust bu waw bu woyof dafay forme ci kaw ci jant bi, fekk potoxo bi 15 centimetre (6 pouces) ci suufa des ci potoxo bu amul suufu, bu kawe. ndigg lu melni beton.
5. Moytul laal sa der, sa bët wala sa noyyig boyoŋu mine (cyanide, caustic alkali, arsenic, mercury, lead): Residu wurus yi mën nañu am cyanure de sodium (which releases lethal hydrogen cyanide gas if mixed with acidic water), bauxite "potoxo rouge" yi dañu alkaline lool (pH 10 to 13, di indi lakk chimik yu metti yu melni siman bu tooy), ak mbalitu wen sulfure yi dañuy àndaale ak arsenik, plomb, cadmium, ak mercure. Fóoral bépp der wala bët bu laal ci ndox mu sell lu tollu ci 15 ba 20 simili.
6. Bu leen musa naan, baxal, wala raxas ak ndoxu dex wala ndoxu bën bu nekk ci suufu mbalit mi tuuru: Ndox mu bax du dindi wen wu diis, arsenik, wala reactif chimik; booy seet, bax dafay boole ay weñ yu diis yu dul jeex yu melni plomb, mercure, ak arsenik ci noonu muy vaporize toxin yu mëna dem yi ci air bi ci sa waañ. Jëfandikool ndox muñ def ci butéel wala ndox municipal ci tanker.

Garab buy jël dogal: Dagg barabu tailings ak mucc ci potoxo toxic¶

flowchart TD
    Alert["Tailings Dam Breach Siren, Alarm Telefoon Jafe-jafe, Rumble Suuf, wala Vague de Potoxo ci kaw dex gi"] --> TimeCheck{"Ban sori nga sori ci barage bi?"}
    TimeCheck -->|"Ci barabu muccal sa bopp (< 10 km / < 15 simili ci diiru tukki)"| FootClimb["BULEEN dawal ci yoonu vale bi; Daw CI TÀNK Jubal ci Vallé bi gëna jege Hillside (30 ba 50 m / 100 ba 165 ft ci taxaw)"]
    TimeCheck -->|"Lu gëna sori (> 10 ba 50 km / 15 ba 90 simili ci diir bi)"| EvacRoute["Toppal yoon wiñ màrke ngir rawale nit ñi, nga jub ci dex gi dem ci barab biñ tànn ngir daje"]
    FootClimb --> Trapped{"Dina jafe yegg ci Hillside balaa Mud Wave di agsi?"}
    Trapped -->|"Waaw"| VerticalRoof["Yéeg ci kaw tabax bu gëna njool ci beton armé ci catu vale bu kawe bi wala nga yéeg ci garab yu dëgër yu kawe ci piste bi; Bul musa dëkk ci këru brik/bois bu am benn etaas"]
    Trapped -->|"Dédeet, yegg na ci barab bu kawe"| StayHigh["Deglu ci Suuf su Kawe; Ñaareelu barage buy daanu ak vague yu reservoir yi topp ay waxtu"]
    EvacRoute --> StayHigh
    StayHigh --> PostWave{"Am kuñu laxasu ak ban wala ñu tëju ci tailings ban?"}
    PostWave -->|"Ñu ngi ko laxas ak boyo (espesialeman potoxo bu xonk wala wurus/sulfure tailings)"| Decon["Sooy summi yéere yi tilim ci saasi; Broos potoxo bu waw; Fësal der bi ak bët yi ak ndox mu set ci diiru 15 ba 20 simili"]
    PostWave -->|"Nit ku tëju ci potoxo"| NoWalk["BULEEN dox ci kaw potoxo bi; Woowal 911/112/999 ngir am helicopter buy yéeg wala di gonflage ngir muccal potoxo/plank"]

Ingénieur ak rheologie: Lu tax mbënd mi gëna faat bakkan ci mbënd ndox¶

Xam wuute physique ak chimique bi am ci digganté mbënd bu dex gi ak benn barage buy jeex, dafay leeral lu tax pexe yi ñuy faral di def ngir mucc ci mbënd (lu melni tëju ci ñaareelu etaasu kër buñ defaree bant wala di doxantu ci ndox mu xóot ba ci wóom) duñu mëna dem su amee mbalitu mine.

1. Densité bu bari ak momentum impact (2x water density)¶

• Ndoxu mbënd bu sell amna dëgëraay bu tollu ci 1000 kilo ci meetar kib bu nekk (62.4 lb/ft3).
• Slurry residu mine liquefié dafay am 50% ba 75% ci ay particule mineraal yuñ gëna fonku ci diisaay bi ñu suspendu ci ndox mi ñuy liggéey, loolu moo koy jox densité bulk bu 1,600 ba 2,200 kilo ci meetar kib bu nekk (100 to 137 lb/ft3), daanaka dëgëraay beton buy ndoxe.
• Ndax presioŋ hydrodynamique (P = 0.5 * rho * v2) balance directement avec densité fluide (rho) ak kaare gaawaay (v2), ab debit buy daw ci 50 km/h (14 m/s) dafay jëfandikoo 5 ba 10 yoon dooley cisage lateral bu gëna yàq dooley dex gu gaaw. Rax ci dolli, slurry bu am densité bu rëy bi dafay féey ci anam wu yomb ay xeer yu bari ay ton, ay buldoser, ay konteenaar ngir yobbu ay gaal, ak ay pont yuñ xottiku ci kanamu vague bi (the boulder snout), di liggéey ni ram buy dóor, di dagg kolon yu beton yuñ dëgëral, dindi leen ci seen suufu suuf.

2. Nafar barabu residu yi ci kaw ak ci digg ak ci suuf¶

Du bépp barabu dencukaay (TSFs) yor benn risku mabb. Standard yiñ tëral ci wàllu kaaraange ci mine yi (lu melni Standard yu mag yiñ tëral ci wàllu jëfandikoo Tailings, GISTM) xaaj embankments ci ni digue bi di yéegee ci diir bi:

Perte chimique ak toxicologique ci xeetu mine¶

Buñu sukkandikoo ci lahar volcanique bu natureel wala potoxo bu am suuf ak xeer yu baax, mine ak impoundment industriel yi deñuy denc ay produit chimik yu bari, niveau pH yu tar, ak ay weñ yu diis yuy soppi zone inondation bi nekk ay mbir yu mëna jur loraange (HAZMAT) barabu musiba.

Màndarga yiy àrtu balaa ñuy daanu ci baraasu tailings¶

Sooy liggéey ci barabu mine, usine këriñ, wala nga dëkk ci wetu barabu dex gi, yegal kilifa yi yor paj mu jamp benn ci bandera yu xonk yii, nga rawale barab yi ci suuf ci saasi:

1. Ndox mu am potoxo wala niir buy wal ci bitti kanam gi wala ci baaraamu barage bi: Ndox mu leer miy wal ci drein yiñ defar ci baaraam lu jaadu la; ndox mu potoxo, melo silt buy génn ci penku barage bi wala ci suuf si ci suuf dafay tekki erosion bi ci biir (piping) mingi raxas bu baax biir barage bi, daal di koy génne ci biir.
2. Patch yu bees yu tooy, slumping, bulging, wala xar-xar yu gudd ci crest barage bi wala banc yi ci biti: Band bu ñuul bu tooy bu feeñ ci xaaju piste bu wow bi ci biti dafay wane table ndox mi ci biir (phreatic surface) yéeg na fu kawe lool ba noppi di fees ci shell structurel bi.
3. Tourbillon wala depressions sinkhole yu am ci kaw tefes gi wala surfaasu pond bi: Dafay wane ni mbir yi ci suufu suuf si dañuy wal ci tuyo decant buñ suulon bu toj wala pax mi ci suufu fondation bi.
4. Pond ndox miy jàll ci wetu barage bi ci biti: Ci barage yi gëna kawe ak yi ci digg, dañu wara tëye barabu ndox mi fu sori ci miiru embankment bi ci biti, ñu tàqale ko ci "tefes" bu yaatu bu am suuf suy wal. Su taw bu diis puus ndox mi ubbeeku ci kaw baraas bi, mënna am ndox mu fees ak ndox ci ay waxtu.

Jéego-ci-jéego mucc ci diir bi ak ginaaw ab breach¶

Faas 1: Rawale ci saasi (Sàrtu 90 Degre ci Tundu bi)¶

1. Demal ci angle bu 90 degre fu sori ci dex gi wala axis vale bi:
2. Ci biir Zone Rescue Self (ZAS), bi kilifay mine yi wax ni mooy barab bi nekk ci diggante 10 kilometre (6.2 miles) ci suufu dex gi wala lu mu néew 30 simili balaa mbënd mi di ñëw, bus ofisel yiy rawale nit ñi mënu ñu la yegg ci waxtu wi ñu la bindal.
3. Ci saasi sirene bi yuuxu, ab alert buy joxe xibaar ci telefon bu xarañ bi, wala nga dégg vague biy yëngal suuf si, daw jubal ci penku vale bi ak tànk.
4. Bul jéggal pond yi ci genn wet gi dem ci beneen wet gi ngir yegg ci yoon wi la gënal; lu moy loolu, yéeg ci tundu wi ci ci wetu dex gi nga taxaw fi mu nekk.
5. Banga yéeg:
6. Ci tundu yu sew yi nekk ci suufu barage bu kawe (lu melni barage Stava ci 1985 ci Italie, fu potoxo bi yeggee 90 km/h / 56 mph), vague potoxo bi mën na yéeg 15 ba 35 meetar (50 ba 115 pied ci wetu dex gi) ci kaw miir yi) bends fu force centrifuge di banque potoxo bi yéeg ci pente bi (superelevation). Fexeel yéeg 30 ba 50 meetar (100 ba 165 pied) ci kaw suufu vale bi.

2ème étape: Lu tax doo musa yéeg ci potoxo ginaaw bi vague bi taxawee¶

Ginaaw bi surge bu mag bi weesee, suufu vale bi dafay muur géej gu dalal, guy gëmloo nit, am melo potoxo bu dóomu taal, maron wala xonk bu am 1 ba 15 meetar (3 ba 50 pied) ci xóotaayam.

• Fiiru thixotropic: Slime yu ndaw (silt and clay-sized rock flour) thixotropic lañu: suñu leen yëngal wala ñu leen tëye, dañuy nekk kol bu dëgër, bu dëgër, am suction pore negatif bu dëgër.
• Soo amee ay waxtu ci leeralu jant bi, 2 ba 5 santimet (1 ba 2 pouce) yi ci kaw dañuy waw nekk crust bu xar bu nuru lu dëgër ba mëna dox ci kaw, waaye 3 meetar yi ci suufa suuf dañuy des potoxo bu ndoxe.
• Su amee ku tëju ci kaw kër gi wala ci oto bi ci diggu potoxo bi: Bul jéema dox jàll potoxo bi ak tànk ngir xettali ko; wallukat yi amul benn jumtukaay buñ jagleel, dañuy suux ci seen dënn, ñu nekk ci seen bopp ay jafe-jafe. Xaaral helicopter yiy xettali lakk yi (hoist extraction) wala ekipu muccal ci potoxo yuñ tàggat, ñuy jëfandikoo ay sled yu ñuy gonfle, ay planche bant yu yaatu, ak ay lanse yu am air comprimé (yiy dugal ngelaw ci tànki kiñ ci lor ngir dog suction vacuum bi balaa ñu koy génne).
• Sudee danga jàpp ci buntu potoxo buy daw ndànk, te mënoo yegg ci suuf su waw: Tedd nga tëdd ci sa ginaaw wala sa biir ci position starfish horizontal / féey nga tasaaroo say loxo ak say tànk fu yaatu ngir séddale sa diisaayu yaram ci surface bi gëna yaatu (reducing ground bearing pressure below the mud's yield stress), ba noppi nga daw ndànk wala nga xalangu ci kaw suuf si, nga dem ci suuf su dëgër wala ci mbalitu bois yuy féey, doo jéema taxaw jub ci say tànk.

3ème étape: Decontamination chimique ci saasi ngir ñi mucc¶

Su amee kuñu jàpp ci wetu ndox miy wal wala kuñu laxasu ci ban mine:

1. Dindil ci saasi bépp yéere ak dàll bu am potoxo: Bul laxas chemise bu muur potoxo ci sa kanam; dagg leen ak siso su ko jaree nga tëj leen ci sac plastik.
2. Brooseel potoxo bu dëll bi ak mbàjj mu waw wala loxo bu am gant, ba noppi nga jël ndox mu set nga sangu ko bu baax ci diiru 15 ba 20 simili:
3. Sudee li tuuru dafa amaale Bauxite "Potoxo bu xonk" (caustic sodium hydroxide, pH 11 to 13): Ni siman bu tooy, lakk alkali du bari lumuy lakk ci 15 simili yu njëkk yi, fekk pH bu yéeg bi dafay dindi protein yi ak kornea yi ci noppi. Deel faral di raxas der bi ak bët yi ak ndox mu sell wala saline lu mu néew 20 ba 30 simili te nga dem ci hopitaal ci saasi ngir faj sa bët. Xoolal sunu tegtal ci siman ak lakk chimik yu alkali.
4. Sudee li tuuru dafa amaale mbalitu cyanure wurus/arjan: Xool ndax boppu bi dafay metti, miir, jaxasoo, noyyi gu gaaw, der bu xonk melni sirisi, wala asidose metabolik; departemaa yi yor paj mu jamp dañuy dugal hidroxokobalamin ci vesóo yi (Cyanokit)** garab yuy xeex. Xoolal sunu tegtal ci inhalation cyanure ak dangar paj mu njëkk.
5. Moytul inhalation pëndu toxic ginaaw mbënd: Bu jant bi weer potoxo bi muur mbedd yi ak kër yi, bépp oto buy romb dafay génne niir yu bët yu am farinu xeer silice bu rafet buñ laxas arsenik, plomb, cadmium, wala bikarbonaat de soude. Solal respiratër bu la tëye N95, KN95, FFP2, wala P100 saa yoo nekkee ci biti ci barab bi lay dal.

Nimero paj mu jamp ak protokolu agence¶

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Lan moo wuutale barabu tailings ak barabu ndox buñ miin?¶

Barage ndox bu jaar yoon mooy benn bariyer budul jeex buñ defaree beton buñ dëgëral, wala ban ak xeer yuñ defaree ngir tëye ndoxu dex gu leer gi. Barage tailings mooy barabu mbalitu usine yi, ñu tabax ko lu weesu fukki at ngir denc ay milioŋ ciy tonne sungufu xeer buñ fejar bu baax, reactif chimik yu ñuy jëfandikoo ngir defar ay produit chimik, ak slurry bu am weñ yu diis yu des ci mineraal yi. Barabu tailings yu yàgg yu bari ñu ngi ko tabaxoon ci "method upstream," muy miir bu bees bu nekk ñu dajale ko ci kaw potoxo bu tooy bi te daanuwul ci boppam, suko defee ñu gaawa jeex ci saasi ba noppi ñu daanu lëmm.

Lu tax doo mëna romb baraabu tailings buy daanu soo dawal ci tali bi ci vale bi?¶

Su baraasu tailings liquefied ak breaches, vague de potoxo bu bari densité bi dafay faral di kalaate ci biti ci 30 ba 80 kilometre ci waxtu (20 ba 50 miles ci waxtu) ci kanaalu dex gi, yóbbu xeer yu mag ak garab yuñ dagg yuy yàq yooni vale yi ak di dagg ay simili ci vale yi. Dawal ci suufu vale bi daf lay tëye ci biir yoonu potoxo bi, foofu benn croisement bu tëju wala pont bu raxas mën nala jàpp ba faatu. Lu moy loolu, daw ak tànk ci angle bu 90 degre, jubal ci tundu wi gëna jege, dinga am 30 ba 50 meetar (100 ba 165 pied) ci kawewaay bu taxaw ci 3 ba 5 simili, suko defee nga nekk ci kaw vague potoxo bi ci jàmm.

Lan moo waral dox ci kaw potoxo bu baaxul doonte ay fan ginaaw bi mbënd mi taxawee?¶

Residu mine yi dañuy nuru ay particule mineraal yu ndaw yu tollu ni ban ("slimes") yu fees dell ak ndox. Mbir moomu thixotropic la: bu santimet yu néew yi ci kaw yi waw ci jant bi nekk crust bu xar bu niro ak tilim bu dëgër, potoxo bi ci suufa suuf dafay des ndox ay ayu-bis wala ay weer. Saa yu nit demee ba ci biir crust bu woyof bi, yëngu-yëngu yi dañuy dindiwaat potoxo bi wër seen tànk, ba noppi densité bu rëy bi ak suction vacuum bi wër seen dàll ak seen ndigg ni siman bu tooy, tax ba kenn mënul rëcci sudee amul ay planche de rescue ci potoxo wala helicopter.

Yan substance chimik yu am toxic ñoo nekk ci biir mine yi?¶

Perte chimik bi gëna jub mingi aju ci mineraal bi ñuy gas. Wurus ak xaalis yiy bawoo ci mbalitu yi dañuy faral di am cyanure de sodium buy toxic ak arsenik ak mercure. Bauxite (aluminium) yi ñuy woowe "potoxo bu xonk," dañu am hydroxyde de sodium caustic (`lye`) ak pH bu tollu ci diggante 11 ba 13 te mën na lakk der bi ak bët yi suñu ko laalee. Residu përëm, wen, plomb, ak sulfure zinc dañuy faral di defar bou asid (`acid mine drainage`) dafa fees dell ak arsenik, plomb, kadmium, merkiir ak talium, waaye pond yu am dóóm yu bari ci këriñ yi dañuy fees dell ak arsenik, krom ak selenium.

Ndax mën naa baxal ndoxu dex wala buntu bu baax ngir naan ginaaw bu tuuru?¶

Déedet, bul musa naan wala togg ak ndoxu dex wala ndoxu bënn bu xóotul bu tilim ndax mbalitu mine yi tuuru, te soo baxalee ndox mi dafay gëna jur loraange. Bëgg dafay ray bakteri yi ak virus yi, waaye du dindi wen yu diis yu melni arsenik, plomb, mercure, kadmium, wala krom hexavalent; lu moy loolu, bu ndox mi di seey melni vapër, concentration metal yu diis yi ci biir pot bi dañuy gëna yokk, ci noonu la bépp reactif chimik buy foor di vaporize ci air bi ngay noyyi. Jëfandikool ndox muñ def ci butéel wala reservoir ofisel buy joxe ndox mu jamp ba kilifa yi joxe sertifikaa di joxe ndox mi.

Luy "Zone Self-Rescue" (ZAS) sudee maa ngi dëkk ci wetu mine?¶

Ci sàrti kaaraange baraabu tailings yi (lu melni yooyu ñu tëral ci Bresil ak ci sàrti liggéeyukaay yi ci àdduna bi ci wàllu jëfandikoo tailings), Zone Self-Rescue (`Zona de Autossalvamento` wala `ZAS`) ñu ngi koy wax barabu vale bi nekk ci diggante 10 kilometre (6.2 miles) ci suufu barage bi, wala bépp barab bu vague potoxo bi di yegsi ci diir bu néew 30 simili. Ndax te tontukat yi ci biti mënu ñu yegg ci zone bi balaa vague bi di dal, ñi dëkk ak liggéeykat yi ci biir ZAS dañuy wéeru ci sirene otomatik, alarm yuy siiwal selil yi ci saasi, ak yooni doxkat yuñ màrke bu njëkk, yuy yóbbu jubal ci miiru vale bi ba ci barabi ndaje yu kawe yi.

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Mbënd yuy jameet ci lak glaas (GLOFs) ak rawale nit ñi ci barage yi
• Landslide, ban, ak mucc ci mbalit mi
• Siman, beton bu tooy, lakk chimik yu alkali, ak exposition ci bëtu chaux
• Cyanure, sulfure d'hydrogène, ak paj mu njëkk
• tuuru chimik, ay plume HAZMAT, ak dekontaminaasioŋ

Boroom yi ak tegtali ofisel¶

• Prograamu environmaa bi ci Mbootaayu Xeet yi (UNEP), Conseil international ci wàllu mine ak wen (ICMM), & Njàngalem dugal xaalis ci anam wu jaar yoon (PRI): Njàngale mu mag ci wàllu liggéey ci wàllu mbalit (GISTM) - Li ñuy laaj ci 13: Waajal jafe-jafe ak ay pexe ngir tontu.
• Komisioŋu internasional buy saytu barage yu mag yi (ICOLD): Bulletin 121 & Bulletin 194: Barage yi mën nañu am loraange, njàngale yiñ jàngee ci jaar-jaar yiñ am, ak defar kàrtu ndox mu bari ci barage yi.
• Kuréel giy Yorandi Jafe-jafe yi (FEMA) & Korpu Ingénieur yi ci Larme bu Etats Unis (USACE, Etats Unis): Njàngale yu Fédéral yi ngir Kaaraange Barage yi: Waajalug Jëf ci Jafe-jafe yi Barage yi ak Tailings yi yàqu.
• Mbootayu Wérgi-yaram ci Àdduna bi (OMS): Njëf yu Chimik yu bawoo ci Musiibay Jafe-jafe yi ak Musiibay Xarala yu Bees yi (NATECH): Dam yu Tailings, Metal yu diis, ak Cyanide ci wàllu wérgi-yaramu nit ñi.
• Kuréel gi yor wàllu mine (ANM) ak kaaraange réew mi (Brésil): Protokolu kaaraange barabu mine yi, zone yiy muccal seen bopp (ZAS), ak sistem yiy àrtu ci sonor.