Ball Lightning ak St. Elmo's Fire Corona Decharge ci Ridges yu Montagne yi, Masts Bato yi, ak Parabrise yi: Protocolu Drop ci saasi¶

Su amee niir cumulonimbus bu am kuuraŋ wala neige bu sedd buy romb ci kaw, wuute gi am ci diggante niir yi ak suuf si ci suuf mën na weesu 30 ba 100 milioŋ ciy volt. Ci suufu santu sarse bi, sarse kuuraŋ yu baax wala yu bonn yi dañuy daw yéeg ba ci mbir yi gëna kawe, yi gëna ñaw ci kaw suuf si wala ci ndox mi: tundu alpine yu fësul, boppu ñiy yéeg tundu, poto trekking yu fibre carbone wala aluminium, axes de glace, karabineer yu yéeg ci xeer. Sudee dooley champ électrique bi ci catu mbir mu am cat dafa weesu threshold biy dakkal dielectric bi ci air bi (roughly 30,000 volts per centimeter ci géej gi, ba ci gëna suufe ci air bu woyof bi ci tundu wi), molecule air yi dañuy ionise nekk plasma bu sedd buy wéy di génn luminous bu tuddu St. Elmo's Feu (corona de décharge point). Ci jamano jooju, ñiy yéeg tundu wala ñiy daw ci gaal mën nañu dégg lu melni luy yuuxu, luy xëcc, wala luy saaf lardon, luy joge ci seeni bant trekking, axes glaas, kadre pack metal, wala rigging, ñuy yëg luy gëna xëm ci seen deru bopp ak seeni baraam, di xeeñ seen yaram, di xeeñ seen bopp, di xeeñ seen bopp. taxaw jub ci njeexte**. Ci kaw tundu wu fësul, tool bu ubbeeku, wala pond bato, **buzzing gear, St. Elmo's Fire, wala kawar buy féey dafay artu ci saasi 3-ba-15-second ni ab streamer buy jog ci kaw dafay joge ci sa barab ngir daje ak njiit luy wàcci ** leer. Sudee yaw wala kenn ci sa waa kuréel amna kawar guy féey, wen wala jumtukaayi karbon yuy yuuxu, wala corona bu baxa-violet buy melax, defal protokolu wàcci-ak-wàcci ci saasi ci ay segond, te su amee ku la dóor, woo sa dëkk nimero paj mu jamp ba noppi nga tàmbali dekkal ko ci saasi. Ngir am paj mu leer ci gaañ-gaañu ci taw ak kuuraŋ, xoolal sunuy njiiti mbokk ci bëréet bu am bal, safara St. Elmo, ak gëdd bu jege suuf (kawar taxaw), taw ak melax, choc électrique, ak Jëfandikoo CPR ak AED.

Lu weesu corona decharge fixe, taw ak ngalaw yu metti yi yenn saa yi dañuy defar bërëtu bal, lu jafe am, luy féey ci ndox mi, bul plasma buy leer boppam (typically 10 to 40 centimeters / 4 to 16 inches ci diametre) biy wéy 1 ba 10 seconde, di daw ci wàll wi tëdd ak courant air wala ci conducteurs électriques, te mën na dugg ci kër yi, néegi tundu, wala cabine avion ci palanteer yu tëju, saxaar, buntu yu ubbeeku, wala cablage kër ak blassicu wala conducteurs. Xam physique bi gëna jub ak jëf physique yi ci saasi ngir St. Elmo's Fire ak bëréet bal dafay moytu gëdd yu bon ci suuf, arrêt cardiaque, ak musiba yu bari ci backcountry.

Defal lii leegi¶

1. **Daaneel bépp yat bu ñuy jëfandikoo ngir doxantu, hache glace, yatt napp, parasol, bunduxatal, ak pack yu am kadre wen ci saasi te nga toxal leen 10 ba 20 meetar (33 ba 65 pied) fu sori ci ñoom. wala nga dindi sangl yi ndànk. Dindil sa loxo ci sangl yi, sànni yat yi wala mbaggu glaas bi ci suuf, nga daw joge ci barab bu kawe bi ci saasi. Aluminium ak fibre carbone yat yi ak batone de napp ñoom ñaar batone bëréet yu am doole lañu.
2. ** Dawal wàcci ci collu bi, ridgeline, rock pinnacle, wala ledge ubbeeku ci suuf su dalal ci diiru 5 ba 10 seconde sudee ab wàcci bu wóor mingi sori.** Bépp meetar bu taxaw ci kaw suuf si ko wër dafay concentrer bu baax field electrostatic bi ci gox bi. Wàcci 30 ba 50 meetar (100 ba 165 pied) wàcci flank leeward bu benn ridge (moytu gullies yu tooy, grotte yu xóotul, ak garab yu njool yu wéet) ngir dog lëkkaloo streamer bi yéeg.
3. **Soo tëjoo ci kaw ridge bu dalal wala ci tool bu ubbeeku te amul fenn fu nga mëna daw, sa kawar taxaw jub, xalaatal "Lightning Crouch" ci kaw pad mousse wala buum bu isolé ci saasi. ci wetu). Lu moy loolu, sànni pad nelaw mousse bu waw, bobine buum, wala pack bu amul kadre ci suuf, ** squat low ci balls say tànk ak say taloŋ yuñ laxas **, wër say loxo ci say wóom, tuck sa bopp ci suuf, nga muur say nopp ak say loxo ngir aar sa timbre.
4. Tasaareel sa mbooloo ci saasi suko defee ku nekk nekk ci diggante bu mu néew 20 ba 30 meetar (65 ba 100 pied). Courant suuf si dafay tàkk ci biti ci ay ring concentrique ci diggante 15 ba 30 meetar ci barab bi ñuy dóor. Sudee ñeenti yéegkat dañu booloo ci kaw benn ridge, benn bëréet mën na dóor ñoom ñeent ci xol ak noyyig benn yoon, te kenn mënul xam boppam ngir def CPR. Tasaare 20 ba 30 meetar ci seen biir dina tax ñi mucc duñu am benn gaañ-gaañu te dina ñu mëna dekkal képp ku ñu dóor.
5. Sudee ab bëréet buy melax dugg ci néeg, cabine wala tente, danga koy gelé wala nga dellu ginaaw ndànk; BU LEEN ko MUSAA laal, BU LEEN ko dóor, wala laal tuyo wen, kable, wala kaadaru palanteer. Béréet yiy ànd ak boule dañuy faral di topp 2 ba 5 seconde balaa ñuy fay wala ñuy kalaate. Bul jege foyer yi, saxaaru saxaar yi, telefon yu am fiil yi, jumtukaayi plomberie yi ak fi ñuy génne kuuraŋ, nga xool ci saasi ndax amul rido buy tàkk wala lakk buy tàkk ci kuuraŋ bi bul bi reer.
6. Su amee ku bëréet dóor, wool sa nimero urgence ci saasi nga tàmbali CPR wala noyyig xettali ci saasi (ku bëréet amul benn charge kuuraŋ bu des). Woowal 911 ci Etats Unis ak Canada, 112 ci biir Union Européenne, Royaume-Uni, Australie wala 990 ci Royaume-Uni nimero paj mu jamp. Su flash bi jeexee laal nit ku am bëréet, amul benn loraange. Ci bëréet yu bari yu gaañu, jëfandikoo Triage Reverse: defal ci saasi CPR ak noyyig rescue ci ñi loru ñu melni ñu dee (pulseless ak apnée), ndax bëréet dafay indi depolarisation cardiaque ak respiratoire medullaire paralysie bu bari simili.

Physique Plasma Atmospherique: Noo ngi doxee safara bu St. Elmo, streamers yuy yéeg, ak njiit yu yéeg¶

Ngir xam lu waral St. Elmo's Fire ak buzzing gear di am ay segond bala greve, ak lu tax ñuy doxalee ci anam wu wuute ci collu tundu, mastu gaal, ak paraasu avion, xoolal mekanik electrostatik bu selil taw ak ngalaw:

====================================================================================
       ELECTROSTATIC FIELD & CORONA DISCHARGE BEFORE A CLOUD-TO-GROUND STRIKE
====================================================================================

   [ CUMULONIMBUS CLOUD BASE: -30,000,000 to -100,000,000 Volts (Negative) ]
                  |                                      |
                  v  (Stepped Leader descends in         v
                      50-meter jumps every 50 microseconds)
                                     |
                                     v
                        * * * [ 30 to 100 m above ground ] * * *
                                     ^
                                     |  <-- UPWARD CONNECTING STREAMER launches
                                     |      from sharpest highest point
          ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~|~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
         (Blue-Violet Corona Glow /  |  "Bee Buzzing" / Ozone Smell)
         (St. Elmo's Fire Tufts)     |  (Hair Standing Straight Up)
                                    /|\
                                   / | \  <-- Hiker with Carbon/Metal Poles
          ________________________/__|__\________________________
         /                                                       \
        /    EXPOSED MOUNTAIN RIDGE / SUMMIT / BOAT MASTHEAD      \
       /     +++ Positive Ground Charge Crowds Into High Point +++ \
====================================================================================

1. Corona buy génne ay poñ (Safara bu St. Elmo)¶

Nafarkati Mediteraane yi ñoo ko tuddee Erasmus mu sell mi de Formia (Elmo mu sell mi, di seen boroom), St. Elmo's Fire plasma decharge glow la bu wéy, du xal bu tàng, buy forme ci wër conducteurs électriques yu ñaw wala yu am cat su champ électrique atmospherique bi ko wër weesee lu tollu ci 100 to 300 kilovolts per meter (1,000 to 3,000 volts per centimeter ambient field, amplified 10-ba-100-yoon ci benn catu ñaw ci biir 30,000 V/cm champ de rupture de l'air). - Li waral mu leer baxa-violet: Electron yi amul benn gaawaay ci champ electrik bu am doole bi dañuy mbëkkante ak azote diatomik (N2) ak oxygen (O2) molecule yi ci jawwu ji, di dindi electron yi, di yëngal molecule gaz yi ñu nekk ci stade energie bu gëna kawe. Bi molecule azote yiy yëngu di wàcci dellu ci seen nekkin bu njëkk, dañuy bàyyi ay photon ci guddaayu onde ultraviolet, violet ak baxa (337 to 428 nanometers)**, génne tuft bu baxa-violet buy fecc wala broos bu leer (brush discharge) ci catu boppu mast yi, batoŋu bëréet yi, baatu glaas yi, bant yi ñuy jaar ngir doxantu, ak tub pitot yi. - Li waral muy yuuxu melni yamb yu mer, di xeeñ ni javel/clorox: Bépp pulse micro-corona dafay tàngal benn canal bu ndaw ci air ay junniy yoon ci seconde, di génne bruit bu ñuy dégg buzz, siif, humming, wala crackling (like frying bacon or a swarm of angry bees). Ci jamano jooju, electron yu am doole yi dañuy xaajaloo O2 molecule ci oxygen atomik (O), lu boole ak O2 ngir sos ozone triatomik (O3) ak oxide azote (NOx), di defar xet gu forox, metal, nuru chlore balaa muy dóor.

2. Lu tax St. Elmo's Fire ci kaw ab paraasu roppalaan wuute ak St. Elmo's Fire ci kaw Montagne Ridge¶

• **Ci kaw paraasu avion (tribocharge friksioŋ ci biir kaaf Faraday): ** Su jet komersiyaal di naaw ci biir kristalu glaas bu waw, neige, wala dóóm volcan ci biir niir yi, friksioŋ bu gaaw bi dafay dindi electron yi ci particule yi (sarse triboelectric ci biir verre bi) ba noppi ñu bàyyi ko Mini-boulong yu corona yi decharge spiderweb ci bitti pare-brise bi ci bitti fuselage aluminium wala carbon-mesh dafay def ni kaaf Faraday bu tëju ak dechargeur wick static ci catu laaf yi di deret charge bi dellu ci jawwu ji.
• Ci kaw Ridge Mountain wala Pond bu ubbeeku (Lëkkaloo Leader Imminent Lethal): Soo taxawee ci suuf wala ci pond bu amul suuf, nga gis St. Elmo's Fire wala nga dégg poto yuy yuuxu, nekku ci biir kaaf Faraday. Yaay electrode bu ñaw bi feeñ ci champ électrik bi ci taw bi. Su amee njiit luy wàcci bu wàcci ci diggante 30 ba 100 meetar (100 ba 330 pied) ci ridge bi, corona biy decharge point bi ci sa bopp wala ci catu poto bi dafay dem ba nekk njiit luy lëkkale ci kaw lu tàng. Saa bi njiit li yéeg laal njiit li wàcci, return stroke of 30,000 to 200,000 amperes ci 27,000 degrees Celsius (50,000 degrees Fahrenheit) 100 mikrosegond lañuy jaar ci kanaal bi.

Tablo buy méngale: St. Elmo's Fire vs. Ball Lightning vs. Njiit lu jéego / Dellu¶

Protocolu mucc bu jëm ci domen bi: Ridges yu Montagne, Bato voile, Roppalaan, ak ci biir kër¶

1. Tundu Alpine yi, Via Ferrata, ak yéeg xeer¶

Soo amee kawar gu yéeg wala sa poto, mbaggu glaas, wala rack yéeg di yuuxu ci kaw collu bi wala ridge bi: 1. Bàyyi ci saasi jumtukaayi jëfandikoo: Bàyyil aluminium ak fibre carbone yat yi, hache glace yi, krampon yi, sonde avalanche yi, tripod yi ak pack yu am kadre wen. Demal 10 ba 20 meetar (33 ba 65 pied) fu sori ci piil bi daanu. (Bul musa bàyyi sa coquille taw wala sa veste isolant ci biir pack bi daanu; tëye sa veste imperof ngir moytu am hypothermie ci jamonoy taw ginaaw boo bàyyee sa pack.) 2. Fiil asiye Via Ferrata: Fiil asiye via ferrata buñ takk ci collu tundu wi dafay yóbbu bëréet yu am kilometre yu bari. Sudee decharge corona tàmbali biñu ko daggee ci * via ferrata *, dindi fiil bi ci fiil bi ** sudee danga nekk ci kaw ledge bu yaatu, dalal, bu wóor fu nga mënul daanu ba dee **, toxal 2 meetar ci fiil bi ak kanam xeer, nga sëggal sa pack. Sudee danga nekk ci kaw xeer wu taxaw, fu unclipping tekki daanu fatal, takk sa bopp ci lu gàtt ak ** nylon bu waw / kernmantle climbing rope ** (bumu nekk lanyard asiye bu tooy) ci benn ancre xeer bu sori ci fiil asiye bu mag bi su ko mënee. 3. Defal Crouch Lightning Isolé: - Tegal ci suuf pad nelaw bu am mousse bu tëju, sac à dos buñ plie te amul kaadar, wala corde de climbing nylon sec ci suuf ngir defar isolant dielectrique ci diggante say tànk ak xeer wu tooy wi. - Squat ci kaw say tànk ak say taloŋ yuy laal bu baax. - Bul musa laal suuf ak sa loxo (ñeenti poñ yu ñuy laal dañuy defar pont kuuraŋ bu tollu ci dënn bi). - Tëjal say bët nga tëye say loxo ci say nopp ngir moytu membrane tympanique bi dagg ndax pression bu ëpp ba noppi nga am flash blindness.

==============================================================================
               THE BACKCOUNTRY INSULATED LIGHTNING CROUCH
==============================================================================

                    (3) Cover ears with palms & close eyes
                        (protects eardrums & retinas)
                             _.-""""-._
                            /  _    _  \
                            | (o)  (o) |
                     _..---.\    __    /.---.._
                   .'        `-.____.-'        `.
                  /   /                      \   \
                 |   |   (4) Elbows on knees  |   |
                  \   \____              ____/   /
                   `.______`-..______..-'______.'
                         |      |  |      |
                         |      |  |      |
                         |______|  |______|
                          (    )    (    )
                         /  /\  \  /  /\  \
                        (__/  \__)(__/  \__)
                                 ||
                 (2) Balance on balls of feet with
                     HEELS PRESSED FIRMLY TOGETHER
                     (shunts ground current foot-to-foot)
           ==============================================
           [  (1) Dry Foam Pad / Coiled Rope / Pack     ]
           ==============================================
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Wet Ground / Rock ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
==============================================================================

2. Gaal yiy daw, gaal yiy napp, ak gaal yu ubbeeku yi ci kaw ndox mi¶

Ci ndox mu ubbeeku, sa mastu gaal, sa piyeesu napp, wala sa bopp rek ñooy projection vertical ci kilometre yu bari ci wër gi. Su boppu mast bi leer ak safara bu St. Elmo, antene VHF yi dañuy yuuxu, wala liiñ yiy napp dañuy yuuxu di féey ci jawwu ji: 1. Daanel fibre carbone ak fibre de verre ci saasi: Fibre carbone (graphite) ak ligne monofilament yu tooy yi ñu takk ci air bi dañuy nekk yoon yuy yóbbu bëréet yi ci loxo nappkat bi. Tegal batone yépp ñu plat ci suufu cockpit bi wala cabine bi. 2. Demal ci suufu pond bi ci diggu kabine bi (sudee gaal gi amna kabine): - Deel jege mast compression post (biy jaar ci diggu kabinu gaal gi dem ci kiil bi te yor gaal gi yépp 30,000 to 100,000 A courant bëréet buy wàcci ci biir kabine bi). - Bu leen musa laal mbusu wen, forestay, backstay, boom, volant, leviers gaz en wen, mikro radio VHF, wala raccords plomberie géej. - Toogal wala nga sëggal ci diggu lal bu waw bu ñu defaree bant wala fibre de verre fu sori ci kable coque bi ak ci reservoir yu wen yi. 3. Suñu la jàppee ci benn console bu ubbeeku wala gaal aluminium bu amul cabine: - Dakkal bimini bi ci kaw wala kaadaru convertible su jotee, nga wàcci ** ci diggu gaal gi ** (nga sëggal ci kaw njegenaay bu waw buy sànni wala fibreglass cooler lid moo gën taxaw ci ndoxu bilge), nga tëye say loxo ak say tànk ci biir gunwales yi, te ** bul dugal sa loxo wala tànk. - Xool Bilge bi ginaaw bépp dóor: Dóor bëréet bu jub di génn ci coque gaal fibreglass wala bronze thru-hull fitting dafay faral di punches pinhole burns wala fuur hoses en caoutchouc ci suufu liiñ ndox, di waral suux bu gaaw; xool bépp coque ak pompu bilge ci saasi ginaaw flash bi.

3. Protocolu duggug bëréet ci biir kër¶

Seetlu gëstukat yi (lu ci melni enregistrement spectrographique yu gaaw yuy firndeel silisium, wen, ak ligne vapër calcium ci wetu air ionized) dañu wane ni ** bëréet bu am bal ** dafay faral di forme ci ay milisegond yu jege niir-ba-suuf bëréet te mën na dugg ci ñatti yoon tabax: 1. Jaaraleko ci palanteer yu ubbeeku yi, buntu yi, wala saxaar yi: Courant air yi dañuy yóbbu bul biy leer ci saxaaru saxaar bi wala jaaraleko ci palanteer bu am ekraŋ bi dem ci diggu néeg bi. 2. Ci palanteer yu tëju yi: Ay champ electromagnetik yu am fréquence yu kawe yu bawoo ci chaine bëréet bi ci biti mën nañu jaar ci palanteer dielectric ngir ionisewaat air bi ci biir vitre bi wala ñu seey pax mu 3 ba 10 santimet ci biir weer wi. 3. Ci bitti prise kuuraŋ yi, radiatër yi, wala telefon yu am kable: Surge buy jaar ci kaw kuuraŋ wala liiñ telefon mën na génne boule plasma buy melax ci prise wala tableau de commutation. - Jëf ci saasi su Ball Lightning feeñee ci biir kër gi: - BULEEN daw lu gaaw ci biir néeg bi (daw dafay defar ab presioŋ bu woyof ci ginaaw sa yaram bu mëna xëcc bul plasma biy féey ci sa wet). - Taxawal wala nga dellu ginaaw ndànk nga jubal ci biir néeg bi nga sori ci palanteer yi, foyer yi, aparey yi ak tuyo wen yi. - Xaaral 5 ba 15 seconde ngir mu yàqu: Bu bul bi yàqoo (muy jeex wala mu jameet ak onde de choc akustik bu am doole), xoolal ci saasi yoon wi mu jaar ngir gis ndax amul drywall buy lakk, boîte de sortie buy seey, wala rido yu tàkk, nga xool ndax amul benn buum buy tàkk

Garab buy jël dogal ci Triage urgent¶

flowchart TD
    A["Seetal kawar guy féey, jumtukaay yuy yuuxu, xetu ozone, wala leer gu baxa-violet St. Elmo's Fire"] --> B{"Fan nga nekk leegi?"}
    B -- "Montagne ridge / yoon / tool" --> C["3-BA-15-SECOND IMMINENT STRIKE AARTU:: 1. Daanel bépp poto, axes glaas, ak pack metal ci saasi: 2. Dellu 10 ba 20 m ci metal wala engrenage carbon bi daanu: 3. Tasaaroo mbooloo mi 20 ba 30 m ci seen biir"]
    C --> D{"Ndax mën nga daw 30 ba 50 m ci 5 ba 10 seconde?"}
    D -- "WAAW" --> E["Dawal wàcci ci collu bi, nga sori ci garab yu wéet yi ak ravin yu tooy yi, ba noppi nga wàcci ci Lightning Crouch buñ isole"]
    D -- "NO: Terrain bu dalal wala jotul" --> F["Dakkal ci saasi ci bëréet bu isolé Crouch:: Squat ci kaw pad bu waw wala buum, boule tànk, TALON YI BOPP,: loxo yi ci kaw nopp yi, bët yi tëju, BU MUSAA tëdd"]
    B -- "Ci kaw gaal / ndox mu ubbeeku" --> G["1. Daaneel bépp yatt napp ci saasi: 2. Demal ci suufu pond bi, nga sori ci poto compression mast bi ak kaala yi: 3. Ci gaal gi ubbeeku: nga sëggal ci kaw njegenaay bu waw ci digg bi, nga bàyyi sa loxo ci ndox mi"]
    B -- "Ci biir kër gi: Boule buy melax buy bëréet Dugg" --> H["1. Gel wala nga dellu ginaaw ndànk (BUl daw ba noppi defar ngelaw luy yewwu): 2. Bul musa laal bul, tuyo wen, kable, wala kadre palanteer: 3. Ginaaw bi yàqu/bañ, xool bu baax ndax amul kuuraŋ"]
    E --> I{"Ndax amna ku bëréet dóor?"}
    F --> I
    G --> I
    H --> I
    I -- "WAAW: Nit daanu" --> J["DAFA AM LAAAL CI SAASI (Amul benn charge bu des ci yaram wi):: * Jëfandikool TRIAGE REVERSE: Tàmbali CPR / noyyig mucc ci ñi loru te amul pulse: * Woowal 911 / 112 / 999 wala nga def satelit keranum lise (satelit SOS)"]
    I -- "NO: Greve daanu ci wetu" --> K["Xaaral 30 simili ginaaw dënd bi mujj balaa ngay jëlaat jumtukaay yi daanu"]

Paj mu njëkk ginaaw greve: Triage buñ delloo ak keraunoparalyse¶

Sudee bëréet dafa dal sa waa kuréel doonte danga def ludul rëcci, mucc ci àll bi mingi aju ci xam ñaari mbir yu wuute ci pajum bëréet:

1. Triage inverse (faj "ñu dee" njëkk)¶

Ci triage trauma buñ miin (lu melni accident bus), rescueurs yi dañuy bàyyi seen xel ci malaad yiy noyyi ak di onku, fekk ñuy romb ñi loru te amul puls wala respiration. Su bëréet dalee, dañuy soppi sàrt bii: - Ñi ci loru ñuy yuuxu, di onku, wala di yëngu ginaaw bi bëréet dóoree, seen xol dafay tëf ba noppi di noyyi; dina ñu mucc ci diir bu gàtt te kenn du leen jàppale. - Ñi ci loru te tëdd ba noppi noppi, baña yëngu, apnée, baña yëngu, dañu am arrêt cardiaque électrique bu njëkk (asystole wala fibrillation ventriculaire) boole ci paralyse bu yàgg ci centre respiratoire medullaire ci tronc cerebral. - Ndax stimulatëru xol bi (node ​​sinoatrial bi) dafay faral di tàmbaliwaat ci boppam ci diir bu weesuwul 1 wala 2 simili ginaaw bi bëréet bi amee countershock bu mag bu DC, kiñ ci lor dafay faral di dee ci ñaareelu hypoxie (suffocation) ndax seen diaphragm bu paralize bi ** noyyiwul. - Jëf: Daw ci saasi ci kiñ laal te amul pulse/noyyiwul, tàmbalil CPR bu baax (30 compression ci dënn bi ba 2 noyyi ci 100 ba 120 compression ci simili bu nekk) wala noyyig rescue bu wéy sudee pulse bi dellu na ci diir bu gàtt, te ED bi des ab.

2. Keraunoparalisi (paralisi buy yàgg bu Charcot di am ci bëréet)¶

Lu ëpp 70 pursaa ci ñi mucc ci bëréet dañuy am keraunoparalysis: ginaaw bëréet bi, benn ci tànk yi wala ñaari tànk yi (wala loxo yi) dañuy nekk paralize bu mat sëkk, tëf, sedd melni glaas, weex-baxa bu am ay rëdd, ak amul pulse ndax system nerveux sympathique sympathique ak spalaconstrimine - ** BULEEN jaawale keraunoparalyse ak moelle épinière bu dagg wala tànk bu dee: ** Doonte immobilisation épinière dafa wara wéy sudee dañu sànni kiñ laal ci kaw xeer ndax contraction musculaire, keraunoparalyse spasme neurovasculaire buy yàgg la buy jeex ci 1 ba 1 hours, yëngu.

Nimero jafe-jafe yi ci diwaan yi ak protokolu wallu Alpine / Marine¶

• Etats Unis ak Canada: Bësal 911 (wala nga def Garmin inReach / SPOT / SOS Jafe-jafe Apple jaaraleko ci satelit balise ci réew mi ci ginaaw). Ci kaw ndoxu géej, U.S. wala Garde côte canadienne ci chaine VHF 16 (156,8 MHz) ak "MAYDAY" woo.
• Royaume-Uni: Bësal 999 wala 112 nga laaj "Police, ginaaw ga Rescue Montagne" wala "Garde côte" ci géej gi.
• Mbootaayu Ëroop ak Réew yu Alpes yi: Bësal 112. Nimero helicopter alpin yiñ jagleel ngir mucc ñooy 1414 (REGA bu Suisse), 140 (Bergrettung bu Autriche), ak 118/112 (CNSAS bu Italie).
• Ostrali ak Nouvelle-Zélande: Bësal 000 (Ostralie) wala 111 (Nouvelle-Zélande), wala nga tàmbali ab 406 MHz PLB / EPIRB.
• Asie: Seetal 119 (Japoŋ, Corée du Sud, Taïwan), 110 / 120 (Siin), 999 (Malaysie, Hong Kong), mbaa 112 (End), wala nga seeti nimero paj mu jamp.

Laaj yi ñuy faral di laaj¶

Ñaata seconde ngay am ci diggante sa kawar gu taxaw (wala poto trekking yuy yuuxu) ak bëréet bu dëggu?¶

Seetlu yi physicien yi ak alpiniste yi def ci tool yi dañu wane ni su kawar yi taxawee jub, yat yi wala axes glaas yi dañuy tàmbali yuuxu ni yamb, wala blue-violet St. Elmo's Fire dafay leer ci catu engrenage yi, bëréet buy faral di topp ci diir bu weesuwul 3 ba 15 seconde. Amul jotu defar sa sac à dos wala def nataal. Daaneel bépp wen ak fibre carbone ci barab bi, daw 10 ba 20 meetar ci engrenage bi daanu (ak génn ci ridge crest sudee wàcci bu wóor la sori), nga wàcci ci saasi ci isolation lightning crouch ak say taloŋ yuñ boole.

Ndax poto fibre carbone yi, yat yi ak poto tente yi wóor nañu ci jamonoy taw ak ngalaw, wala dañuy yóbbu kuuraŋ ni aluminium?¶

Fibre carbone (composite graphite) dafay yóbbu kuuraŋ bu dëgër, nekkul isolant. Sooy tëye benn yat bu ñu defaree fibre carbone, yat napp, wala parasol ci kaw tundu wala pond ci gaal ci jamonoy taw bu am kuuraŋ, loolu mën na jur loraange ni tëye yat aluminium wala asiye bu amul dara. Rax ci dolli, su bëréet dalee ci engrenage fibre carbone, matrix resin bi dafay tàng lool ba noppi vaporize ci saasi, loolu mooy tax arbre fibre carbone bi di kalaate nekk ay junni xeeti conducteurs yu ñaw. Soo amee decharge corona wala bëréet bu jege, dangay daaneel poto aluminium ak fibre carbone ci diggante 10 ba 20 meetar.

Lan moo tax tëdd ci suuf ci jamonoy taw ak ngalaw moo gëna am loraange tëdd ak taloŋ yu boole?¶

Su bëréet dalee ci kaw doj, tool, wala garab, ay fukki junni ampere dañuy tàkk ci kaw suuf si ak xeer yu tooy yi ci diggante 15 ba 30 meetar ci wàll wu nekk, daal di sos gradient voltage bu gaaw ("potentiel step") ci kaw suuf si. Soo tëddee sa biir wala sa ginaaw, sa yaram dafay dem ba 2 meetar (6 pied) ci suuf, loolu mooy indi wuute bu mag ci sa dënn bi ak say tànk, muy yóbbu courant électrik buy ray nit ci sa xol. Sooy sëggal sa tànk, taloŋ yi dajaloo bu baax, dafay wàññi laal suuf si ba ci barab bu ndaw, ba noppi di shunt courant biy joge ci pooj bi dem ci pooj bi te du jàll sa xol.

Ndax dëgg la ñuy wax ni dàll yu am sol kawsu wala dàll daw dañu lay aar ci bëréet?¶

Déedet, loolu amul benn werante. Benn bëréet bu tëb ci diggante 3 ba 10 kilometre (2 ba 6 miles) ci ngelaw luy isoler ci 30 milioŋ ba 100 milioŋ ci volt, 1 ba 2 santimet (genn-wàllu puus) ci sol kawsu bu xawa tooy duko mëna taxawal. Sooy def benn pad nelaw bu dëll, bu waw bu am selil bu tëju wala benn serpentin bu dëll bu buum nylon bu waw buy yéeg ci suufu sa tànk ci jamonoy bëréet dafay yokk mbañeel kuuraŋ bu am doole ci frange yu gëna néew doole yi, dàll yéeg tundu yi kese duñu joxe benn kaaraange ci courant g direct wala tëju.

Ndax bëréet yi mën nañu jaar ci palanteer bu tëju, dugg ci kër wala avion?¶

Waaw. Seede yiñ bind ci physicien yi, pilote yi ak boroom kër yi, ak jàngat yi ñu def ci plasma ci labo, dañu firndeel ni bëréet bu am bal mën na feeñ ci biir palanteer bu tëju te du yàq weer wi, wala mu seey pax mu wërngël ci biir palanteer bi. Onde electromagnetik yu am fréquence bu kawe wala benn champ électrique atmosphérique bu bawoo ci chaine de lightning bu jege mën nañu jaar ci biir palanteer bu amul conducteur te ionise molecule air yi ci biir vitre bi, soppali bul plasma buy melax bi ci biir néeg bi. Su amee bëréet bu dugg ci néeg, taxaw rek wala nga dellu ginaaw ndànk te doo def benn tirage, te bul musa laal bul bi wala jumtukaayi weñ yi ci wetam.

Lan moo tax laal nit ku bëréet dóor ak defal ko CPR amul benn loraange?¶

Nit ku bëréet ci jawwu ji dóor, wuute na ak nit ku tëye liiñ bu am voltage bu kawe bu wàcci wala aparey bu defoon njuumte, ndax bëréet bi daanu ci jawwu ji du denc wala tëye benn charge electrik ci yaramam ginaaw bi flash bi jeexee ci 0.2 seconde. Courant bëréet bi dugg na ci suuf si ci ay microsegond. Soo ragaloon laal nit ku bëréet mën na ray nit: danga ko wara laal ci saasi, nga xool ndax dafay noyyi ak puls bi, ba noppi nga tàmbali CPR wala rescue breathing ci saasi.

Boroom yi ak tegtali ofisel¶

• Administrasioŋ nasionaal buy saytu géej yi ak jawwu ji (NOAA) & Serwiisu Jaawu bu Réew mi (NWS, Etats Unis): Njàngalem kaaraange bëréet ak science ci njiit yu yéeg yi, ñiy yéeg ci kaw, ak courant bi ci suuf.
• **Sosiete Médikaal bu àll bi (WMS, International): ** Sosiete Médikal bu àll bi tegtal yi ñuy jëfandikoo ngir moytu ak faj gaañ-gaañu yiy bawoo ci bëréet (Davis et al., Pajum àll bi ak environmaa bi, tasaaroo mbooloo ci àll bi, mekanik buy sëggal bëréet, management ak reverse).
• UIAA (Federaasioŋ internasional buy yéeg tundu ak alpinisme) komisioŋ pajum: Kaaraange bëréet yi ci alpine yi, loraange yi ci fiil yi ci Via Ferrata, ak protokolu rawale Corona ci barab bi ñuy bàyyi nit ñi.
• Centre yiy saytu ak fàggu feebar yi (CDC, Etats Unis): Triage ñi loru ci bëréet, Triage buy delloosi, ak kaaraange gaal/ndox ci bëréet.
• Association américaine du cardiaque (AHA) & Conseil européen de resuscitation (ERC): Njàngale ngir dundal xol ak pajum xol ci jamonoy jafe-jafe, anam yu amul fenn: Gaañ-gaañu ci kuuraŋ ak bëréet.

Gid yu jëm ci loolu¶

• Béréet bu am bal, safara bu Elmo mu sell mi, ak dóor bu waaja am ci suuf (kawar gu taxaw)
• Taw ak melax
• Bërëtu wolkaan, glaas tephra, raft pomme, ak dóóm bu tooy buy tàkk ci reso kuuraŋ
• Choc électrique
• Jëfandikoo CPR ak AED