Umurabyo wumupira hamwe na St.¶

Iyo amashanyarazi ya cumulonimbus yumuyaga cyangwa urubura rwimvura itambutse hejuru, itandukaniro rishobora kuba amashanyarazi hagati yigicu nubutaka munsi irashobora kurenga miliyoni 30 kugeza kuri miliyoni 100 volt. Mu buryo butaziguye munsi yikigo cyishyuza, amashanyarazi meza cyangwa mabi yihuta hejuru mubintu birebire, bikarishye kuri terrain cyangwa mumazi: imisozi miremire ya alpine, imitwe yabatwara abagenzi, karuboni-fibre cyangwa aluminiyumu yo gutembera, ishoka ya barafu, karabine yurira amabuye, ubwato bwubwato, hamwe nikirahuri cyindege. Iyo amashanyarazi yumuriro waho hejuru yibintu byerekanwe arenze dielectric yamenetse yumwuka (roughly 30,000 volts per centimeter kurwego rwinyanja, ndetse no munsi yumuyaga muremure wo mu misozi miremire), molekile zo mu kirere ionize mu buryo bukomeza, bukonje-plasma luminous isohoka yitwa ** St. Umuriro wa Elmo (point-gusohora corona) **. Muri ako kanya, abakerarugendo cyangwa abatwara ubwato barashobora kumva inzuki zimeze nka eerie ** zivuga, gutontoma, cyangwa gukonjesha bacon ** ziva mu nkingi zabo zigenda, ishoka ya barafu, amakariso y’ibyuma, cyangwa kwikinisha, bakumva bahagaze neza ku mutwe no ku rutoki, impumuro nziza ** ozone **, bakabona ubwabo cyangwa bagenzi babo ** bahagaze neza. Ku mpinga y'imisozi igaragara, urwuri rufunguye, cyangwa ikibuga cy'ubwato, ** ibyuma bisakuza, umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo, cyangwa umusatsi ureremba ni ako kanya umuburo wa 3 kugeza kuri 15-isegonda ko umubumbe uzamuka uva mukibanza cyawe kugirango uhure numuyobozi wumurabyo umanuka **. Niba wowe cyangwa umuntu uwo ari we wese mu itsinda ryanyu ufite uburambe bureremba hejuru, ibyuma bisakuza cyangwa ibikoresho bya karubone, cyangwa ubururu bwa violet corona yaka, kora ** guhita umanuka-umanuka protocole ** mu masegonda, kandi nihagira umuntu ukubitwa, hamagara iwanyu nimero yihutirwa hanyuma utangire kuzura ako kanya. Kugira ngo umuyaga wuzuye hamwe no kuvura ibikomere byamashanyarazi, baza abavandimwe bacu inkuba y'umupira, umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo, hamwe no gukubita hasi (umusatsi uhagaze), inkuba n'inkuba, amashanyarazi, na Gukoresha CPR na AED.

Usibye ingingo-isohoka ya corona ihamye, inkuba zikomeye rimwe na rimwe zitanga ** inkuba y'umupira **, idasanzwe, ireremba ubusa, yifitemo urumuri rwa plasma ()typically 10 to 40 centimeters / 4 to 16 inches muri diametre) ikomeza kumasegonda 1 kugeza 10, igenda itambitse hamwe numuyaga uhuha cyangwa kumashanyarazi, kandi irashobora kwinjira mumazu, amazu yimisozi, cyangwa kabine yindege binyuze mumadirishya yikirahure ifunze, chimney, inzugi zikinguye, cyangwa insinga zurugo mbere yo kuzimira bucece cyangwa guturika guturika. Kumenya fiziki nyayo nibikorwa byihuse kumuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo n'umurabyo wumupira birinda kwibasirwa nubutaka bwica, gufatwa kumutima, hamwe nibyago byinshi byahitanye abantu benshi.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Kureka inkingi zose zigenda, ishoka ya barafu, inkoni zuburobyi, umutaka, imbunda, hamwe nudupaki twubatswe nicyuma ako kanya hanyuma wimuke byibuze metero 10 kugeza kuri 20 (metero 33 kugeza kuri 65). Kura amaboko yawe mu mishumi, utere inkingi cyangwa ishoka ya barafu hasi, hanyuma uhite usohoka hejuru. Byombi bya aluminium na ** karuboni-fibre ** inkingi zogukora hamwe ninkoni zo kuroba ninkoni zikoresha cyane.
2. ** Kumanuka hejuru yisonga, ridgeline, pinnacle, cyangwa urufunguzo rufunguye werekeza ku butaka bwo hasi, buringaniye mu masegonda 5 kugeza ku 10 niba igitonyanga cyiza kiri kure. Manuka kuri metero 30 kugeza kuri 50 (metero 100 kugeza 165) munsi yuruhande rwibisumizi byumusozi (wirinda imigezi itose, ubuvumo butaremereye, nibiti birebire byonyine) kugirango uhagarike imigezi yo hejuru.
3. ** Niba ufatiwe kumusozi uringaniye cyangwa kumurima ufunguye ntahantu ho hepfo kugirango wiruke kandi umusatsi wawe uhagaze neza, fata "Umurabyo Umurabyo" kumurongo wifuro cyangwa umugozi uhita. Ahubwo, kujugunya ifuro yumye, ibitanda byumugozi, cyangwa ipaki idafite umugozi hasi, ** shyira hasi kumipira yamaguru yawe hamwe nudutsinsino ukanda hamwe **, uzenguruke amaboko mumavi, shyira umutwe hasi, kandi utwikire ugutwi n'amaboko yawe kugirango urinde amatwi yawe gutungurwa na acoustic.
4. ** Kwirakwiza itsinda ryawe ako kanya kugirango buri muntu byibuze afite metero 20 kugeza kuri 30 (metero 65 kugeza 100). Niba ba mukerarugendo bane bateraniye hamwe ku mpinga, inkuba imwe irashobora gukubita bose uko ari bane icyarimwe icyarimwe umutima ndetse n’ubuhumekero nta muntu numwe wasize akora CPR. Gukwirakwiza metero 20 kugeza kuri 30 byemeza ko abarokotse bakomeza gukomeretsa kandi bashoboye kuzura umuntu wese wakubiswe.
5. ** Niba umurabyo urabagirana wumupira wumupira winjiye mucyumba, akazu, cyangwa ihema, funga ahantu cyangwa utere inyuma buhoro; NTUKIGERE uyikoraho, kuyishiramo, cyangwa gukoraho imiyoboro yicyuma, insinga, cyangwa idirishya ryamadirishya. Irinde amashyiga, chimneys, terefone zifunze, imiyoboro y'amazi, hamwe n’amashanyarazi, hanyuma uhite ugenzura niba umwenda utwikiriye cyangwa inkongi zumuriro zimaze kuzimira.
6. ** Niba hari umuntu wakubiswe numurabyo, hamagara nimero yawe yihutirwa uhite utangira CPR cyangwa gutabara guhumeka icyarimwe (uwahohotewe numurabyo afite amashanyarazi asigaye ya ZERO). nimero yihutirwa. Nibyiza rwose gukoraho inkuba yahise flash irangira. Mu nkuba nyinshi zahitanye, koresha ** Reverse Triage **: uhite ukora CPR no gutabara uhumeka kubantu bahohotewe bigaragara ko bapfuye (pulseless na apneic), kubera ko inkuba itera icyarimwe umutima wa depolarisiyasi yumutima hamwe nubumuga bwubuhumekero bwa medullary bikunze gukira rwose iyo ogisijeni muminota 5 kugeza kuri 15.

Plasma ya Atmospheric Plasma: Uburyo umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo, Imigezi yo hejuru, n'abayobozi bateye imbere bakora¶

Kugira ngo wumve impamvu umuriro wa St.

====================================================================================
       ELECTROSTATIC FIELD & CORONA DISCHARGE BEFORE A CLOUD-TO-GROUND STRIKE
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   [ CUMULONIMBUS CLOUD BASE: -30,000,000 to -100,000,000 Volts (Negative) ]
                  |                                      |
                  v  (Stepped Leader descends in         v
                      50-meter jumps every 50 microseconds)
                                     |
                                     v
                        * * * [ 30 to 100 m above ground ] * * *
                                     ^
                                     |  <-- UPWARD CONNECTING STREAMER launches
                                     |      from sharpest highest point
          ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~|~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
         (Blue-Violet Corona Glow /  |  "Bee Buzzing" / Ozone Smell)
         (St. Elmo's Fire Tufts)     |  (Hair Standing Straight Up)
                                    /|\
                                   / | \  <-- Hiker with Carbon/Metal Poles
          ________________________/__|__\________________________
         /                                                       \
        /    EXPOSED MOUNTAIN RIDGE / SUMMIT / BOAT MASTHEAD      \
       /     +++ Positive Ground Charge Crowds Into High Point +++ \
====================================================================================

1. Ingingo-Gusohora Corona (Umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo)¶

Yiswe abasare bo mu nyanja ya Mediterane nyuma ya Mutagatifu Erasimusi wa Formia (Mutagatifu Elmo, umutagatifu w’abasare), ** St. Elmo's Fire ** ni ikomeza ** glow isohora plasma **, ntabwo ari urumuri rwumuriro, rukora hafi yumuriro w'amashanyarazi utyaye cyangwa werekanye mugihe amashanyarazi akikije ikirere arenze hafi 100 to 300 kilovolts per meter (1,000 to 3,000 volts per centimeter Umwanya wibidukikije, wongerewe inshuro 10 kugeza kuri 100 kumurongo utyaye muri 30,000 V/cm kumeneka ikirere). - ** Impamvu Irabagirana Ubururu-Violet: ** Electron yubusa yihutishwa numurima wamashanyarazi ukomeye ugongana na azote ya diatomic ** (N2) na ogisijeni (O2) ** molekile mu kirere, gukuramo electron no gushimisha molekile ya gaze mumbaraga zingufu. Iyo molekile ya azote yishimye isubira mu butaka bwabo, basohora fotone muri ** ultraviolet, violet, n'uburebure bw'ubururu (337 to 428 nanometers) **, kubyara eerie, kubyina ubururu-violet tuft cyangwa brush yumucyo (brush discharge. - ** Impamvu Buzuza nk'inzuki zirakaye kandi zihumura nka Bleach / Clorox: ** Buri pulse ya micro-corona ishyushya umuyoboro muto wumuyaga inshuro ibihumbi kumasegonda, ikabyara amajwi ** yumvikana, avuza induru, avuza induru, cyangwa avuza amajwi ** (like frying bacon or a swarm of angry bees). Icyarimwe, ingufu nyinshi za electron ziratandukana O2 molecules into atomic oxygen (O), ikomatanya na O2 gukora ** triatomic ozone (O3) ** na ** okiside ya azote (NOx) **, kurema impumuro ityaye, yumutare, chlorine imeze mbere yimyigaragambyo.

2. Impamvu umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo ku kirahuri cy'indege utandukanye n'umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo ku musozi¶

• ** Ku kirahuri cya Airliner (Friction Tribocharging imbere mu Kato ka Faraday): ** Iyo indege yubucuruzi iguruka inyuze mu kirere cyumye, urubura, cyangwa ivu ry’ibirunga imbere mu bicu, umuvuduko ukabije wihuta ukuraho electron ziva mu bice (** triboelectric zishyuza **) hanyuma ugashyira ibicuruzwa bihagaze hejuru yikirahure cyikirahure. Mini-bolts ya corona isohora igitagangurirwa kitagira icyo bitwaye hejuru yikirahure cyo hanze cyikirahure mugihe aluminium cyangwa karubone-mesh fuselage ikora nkikidodo cya ** Faraday cage ** na ** static wick isohora ** kumpera yinyuma yamababa yamennye amafaranga asubira mukirere.
• ** Ku musozi wa Gisozi cyangwa Gufungura Ubwato (Guhuza Abayobozi Byihuta Byihuta): ** Iyo uhagaze hasi cyangwa igorofa idafite aho ubogamiye ukabona umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo cyangwa ukumva inkingi zivuga, ** ntabwo uri imbere mu kato ka Faraday **. Wowe electrode ityaye igaragara mumashanyarazi yumuyaga. Iyo umuyobozi wamanutse ** wintambwe ** yamanutse muri metero 30 kugeza 100 (metero 100 kugeza 330) zumusozi, corona-point-corona kumutwe wawe cyangwa inkingi ya pole ihinduka umuyobozi ushyushye, uyobora ** hejuru uhuza umuyobozi **. Ako kanya umuyobozi wo hejuru akora ku muyobozi wamanutse, intambwe yo kugaruka ** ya 30,000 to 200,000 amperes kuri 27,000 degrees Celsius (50,000 degrees Fahrenheit) guturika unyuze kumuyoboro muri microsecond zitarenze 100.

Imbonerahamwe yo kugereranya: Umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo na Umurabyo wumupira nuyobora Intambwe / Kugaruka¶

Indangarubuga yihariye yo kurokoka: Imisozi miremire, ubwato, ubwato, indege,¶

1. Umusozi wa Alpine Umusozi, Binyuze kuri Ferrata, no Kuzamuka Urutare¶

Iyo umusatsi wawe uzamutse cyangwa inkingi zawe, ishoka ya ice, cyangwa kuzamuka hejuru yumusozi hejuru cyangwa hejuru: 1. ** Ibikoresho byo kuyobora Abandon Ako kanya: ** Tera aluminium na ** karuboni-fibre ** inkingi zogukora ingendo, amashoka ya barafu, crampons, impanuka ya avalanche, trapo, hamwe nudupapuro twubatswe nicyuma. Himura byibuze ** metero 10 kugeza kuri 20 (metero 33 kugeza kuri 65) ** kure yikirundo cyamanutse. *. 2. ** Binyuze mu nsinga z'ibyuma bya Ferrata: ** Icyuma * kinyuze kuri ferrata * umugozi wumutekano uhindagurika hejuru yumusozi ni umuyoboro munini wa kilometero nyinshi. Niba isohoka rya corona ritangiye mugihe ucishijwe muri * unyuze kuri ferrata *, kura kumurongo wibyuma ** gusa niba uri kumurongo mugari, uringaniye, ufite umutekano aho udashobora kugwa murupfu rwawe **, wimuke byibuze metero 2 uvuye kumugozi no mumaso yubutare, hanyuma wuname kumupaki wawe. Niba uri hejuru yumusozi uhagaze aho kudafungura bisobanura kugwa byica, ihambire muri make hamwe na ** yumye nylon / kernmantle yurira umugozi ** (ntabwo ari lanyard itose) kugeza kumurongo umwe wurutare kure yicyuma kinini niba bishoboka. 3. ** Kora inkuba ikingiwe: ** - Shira ** gufunga-selile ifuro yo kuryama **, isakoshi itagira ikariso, cyangwa ** yatetse nylon yumye yurira umugozi ** hasi kugirango ukore insimburangingo ya dielectric hagati yamaguru yawe nigitare gitose. - ** Wicare kumipira y'ibirenge byawe ** hamwe na ** inkweto zawe zikorana hamwe **. - ** Ntuzigere ukora ku butaka n'amaboko yawe ** (ingingo enye zo guhuza zikora ikiraro cyo mu rwego rwo mu gatuza). - ** Funga amaso hanyuma ukande ibiganza hejuru yamatwi ** kugirango wirinde guturika-gukabya tympanic membrane guturika no guhuma amaso.

==============================================================================
               THE BACKCOUNTRY INSULATED LIGHTNING CROUCH
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                    (3) Cover ears with palms & close eyes
                        (protects eardrums & retinas)
                             _.-""""-._
                            /  _    _  \
                            | (o)  (o) |
                     _..---.\    __    /.---.._
                   .'        `-.____.-'        `.
                  /   /                      \   \
                 |   |   (4) Elbows on knees  |   |
                  \   \____              ____/   /
                   `.______`-..______..-'______.'
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                         |______|  |______|
                          (    )    (    )
                         /  /\  \  /  /\  \
                        (__/  \__)(__/  \__)
                                 ||
                 (2) Balance on balls of feet with
                     HEELS PRESSED FIRMLY TOGETHER
                     (shunts ground current foot-to-foot)
           ==============================================
           [  (1) Dry Foam Pad / Coiled Rope / Pack     ]
           ==============================================
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~ Wet Ground / Rock ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
==============================================================================

2. Ubwato, Ubwato bwo Kuroba, hamwe nubwato bufunguye kumazi¶

Ku mazi afunguye, ubwato bwawe bwikaraga, uburobyi, cyangwa umutwe wawe niwo wonyine uhagaritse ibirometero hafi. Iyo masthead yaka umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo, antenne ya VHF irasakuza, cyangwa imirongo yuburobyi hum hanyuma ireremba hejuru mu kirere: 1. ** Tera Carbone-Fibre na Fiberglass Fishing Rods Ako kanya: ** Inkoni zo kuroba za karuboni-fibre (grafite) n'imirongo itose ya monofilament yahagaritswe mukirere ikora nk'umurabyo utaziguye mumaboko ya angler. Shira inkoni zose neza neza munsi ya cockpit cyangwa kabine. 2. ** Jya munsi ya etage muri Centre ya Cabin (Niba ubwato bufite akazu): ** - Witondere neza kuri poste ya ** mast compression ** (inyura hagati yinyanja yubwato bugana kuri keel kandi itwara byuzuye 30,000 to 100,000 A umurabyo umanuka unyuze mu kabari imbere). - ** Ntukigere ukora ku bitambaro by'icyuma, amashyamba, inyuma, gusubira hejuru, kugendesha ibizunguruka, ibyuma bikurura ibyuma, mikoro ya radiyo VHF, cyangwa ibikoresho byo mu mazi byo mu nyanja. ** - Icara cyangwa wunamye hagati yikibiti cyumye cyangwa fiberglass yumye kure ya wull wiring na tank. 3. ** Niba yafatiwe muri Centre ifunguye-Umujyanama cyangwa Aluminium Skiff idafite akazu: ** - Tera hejuru ya bimini hejuru cyangwa ihindurwe niba igihe kibyemereye, shaka ** hasi hashoboka hagati yubwato ** (wunamye hejuru yumwenda wubuzima-jacket guta umusego cyangwa fiberglass cooler lid aho guhagarara mumazi ya bilge), shyira amaboko n'amaguru imbere yimbunda, kandi ** ntuzigere ukurikirana ikiganza cyangwa ikirenge mumazi **. - ** Reba Bilge Nyuma yigitero icyo ari cyo cyose: ** Inkuba itaziguye isohoka mu bwato bwa fiberglass ubwato cyangwa umuringa wa tru-hull ikwiranye cyane gukubita pinhole yaka cyangwa igasohora amabuye ya reberi munsi y’amazi, bigatuma kurohama vuba; genzura thru-hulls na pompe ya bilge ako kanya nyuma ya flash.

3. Porotokole yo mu nzu Umurabyo¶

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bumenyi (harimo n'umuvuduko mwinshi wihuta wafashwe amajwi yemeza imirongo ya silicon, fer, na calcium hamwe numwuka wumuyaga wa ioni) byerekana ko ** umurabyo wumupira ** ukunze kugaragara muri milisegonda hafi yumurabyo wibicu uva hasi kandi ushobora kwinjira mumazu unyuze munzira eshatu: 1. ** Binyuze kuri Gufungura Windows, Imiryango, cyangwa Chimneys: ** Umuyaga wo mu kirere ushushanya umurongo urabagirana munsi ya chimney cyangwa unyuze mu idirishya rya ecran hagati mucyumba. 2. ** Binyuze mu kirahuri gifunze Windowpanes: ** Imirima myinshi ya electromagnetiki yumurongo uturutse kumuyoboro wumurabyo wo hanze urashobora kunyura mumadirishya ya dielectric kugirango wongere ionize umwuka imbere muri pane cyangwa ushonga umwobo wa santimetero 3 kugeza kuri 10 unyuze mubirahure. 3. ** Hanze y'amashanyarazi, Imirasire, cyangwa Terefone Corded: ** Umuvuduko ugenda hejuru yumurongo wo hejuru cyangwa imirongo ya terefone urashobora gusohora umupira wa plasma urabagirana uhereye kurukuta cyangwa kuri switch. - ** Igikorwa ako kanya iyo Umurabyo wumupira ugaragaye mu nzu: ** - ** Ntukiruke vuba mucyumba ** (kwiruka ukora umushinga wo gukangura umuvuduko ukabije inyuma yumubiri wawe ushobora gukurura plasma ireremba kuri wewe). - ** Hagarara cyangwa usubire inyuma gahoro gahoro ** werekeza muri koridoro y'imbere kure ya Windows, amashyiga, ibikoresho, n'imiyoboro y'icyuma. - ** Tegereza amasegonda 5 kugeza kuri 15 kugirango ubore: ** Umuzingi umaze kubora (haba guceceka bucece cyangwa guhagarara hamwe na acoustique ikomeye ya acoustic), hita ugenzura inzira yanyuzemo kugirango yumuke wumye, udusanduku dusohoka, cyangwa utwikiriye umwenda, hanyuma urebe niba hari abari bahari kugirango batwike cyangwa bakomeretse.

Igiti cyo gufata ibyemezo byihutirwa¶

flowchart TD
    A["Reba umusatsi ureremba, ibikoresho bizunguruka, impumuro ya ozone, cyangwa urumuri rwubururu-violet rwitiriwe Mutagatifu Elmo"] --> B{"Uherereye he ubu?"}
    B -- "Imisozi Yerekanwe / Inzira / Umurima" --> C["3-KUGEZA 15-15"]
    C --> D{"Urashobora kwiruka metero 30-50 munsi yumusozi mumasegonda 5-10?"}
    D -- "Yego" --> E["Kumanura hejuru yigitereko kure yigiti cyonyine nigituba gitose,: hanyuma umanuke mumurabyo wumurabyo"]
    D -- "OYA: Ubutaka bubi cyangwa igihe cyagenwe" --> F["HANUKA AKANYA MU MURIMO W'UMUKARA W'UMUKARA :: Kwicara ku cyuma cyumye cyangwa ku mugozi, imipira y'ibirenge, HELEL HAMWE ,: amaboko hejuru y'amatwi, amaso arafunze, NTIBIZIGERA kuryama neza"]
    B -- "Ku bwato / Amazi afunguye" --> G["1. Kureka inkoni zose zuburobyi ako kanya: 2. Jya munsi yurugero kure yikibanza cyo kwikuramo mast hamwe nigitambaro: 3. Mu bwato bwuguruye: wunamye hasi ku musego wumye hagati, nta biganza mumazi"]
    B -- "Mu nzu: Umupira wumurabyo Umurabyo Winjira" --> H["."]
    E --> I{"Hari umuntu wakubiswe n'inkuba?"}
    F --> I
    G --> I
    H --> I
    I -- "YEGO: Umuntu yaguye" --> J["UMUTEKANO WO GUKORA AKAZI (Zero isigara ya Zeru ku mubiri) :: * Koresha TRVRASE TRIAGE: Tangira CPR / gutabara guhumeka kubantu bahohotewe mbere: * Hamagara 911/112/999 cyangwa utere icyogajuru SOS beacon: * Monitor for keraunoparalysis (ubururu bwigihe gito / numb)"]
    I -- "OYA: Igitero cyakubiswe hafi" --> K["Tegereza iminota 30 nyuma yinkuba iheruka mbere yo kugarura ibikoresho byamanutse"]

Ubuvuzi bwa nyuma yubuvuzi ubufasha bwambere: Guhindura Tage na Keraunoparalysis¶

Niba inkuba ikubise itsinda ryanyu nubwo ibikorwa bitoroshye, kurokoka mugihugu biterwa no gusobanukirwa nibintu bibiri bidasanzwe byubuvuzi bikomeretsa inkuba:

1. Guhindura inzira (Banza uvure "Abapfuye")¶

Mu ihahamuka risanzwe (nko guhanuka kwa bisi), abatabazi bibanda ku barwayi bahumeka no kwinuba mu gihe bazenguruka abahohotewe badafite impemu kandi nta guhumeka. ** Mu nkuba, iri tegeko rihinduwe: ** - Abahohotewe bavuza induru, kuniha, cyangwa kwimuka nyuma yumurabyo bamaze kugira umutima utera no gukora ubuhumekero; bazarokoka rwose iminota mike batabigizemo uruhare. - Abahohotewe baryamye bucece rwose, batanyeganyega, apneic, na pulseless bahuye nambere ** ifatwa ryumutima wamashanyarazi (asystole cyangwa ventrilular fibrillation) ** bahujwe na ** kumugara igihe kirekire cyikigo cyubuhumekero cya medullary mubitekerezo byubwonko **. - Kuberako umutima wa pacemaker karemano yumutima (node ​​ya sinoatrial) akenshi utangira guhita utangira muminota 1 kugeza kuri 2 nyuma yumuriro munini wa DC wibasiwe numurabyo, ** uwahohotewe akenshi apfa azize hypoxia ya kabiri (guhumeka) gusa kuberako diafragma yamugaye itarakomeza guhumeka nyamara **. - ** Igikorwa: ** Ako kanya wiruke uwahohotewe / udahumeka, tangira ** CPR yo mu rwego rwohejuru (kwikuramo igituza 30 kugeza kumyuka 2 yo gutabara kuri compression 100 kugeza 120 kumunota) ** cyangwa guhora uhumeka gutabara niba impyisi igarutse mugihe uhumeka ukomeje kuboneka, hanyuma ukoreshe ** AED ** byihuse.

2.¶

Abagera kuri 70 ku ijana by'abacitse ku icumu bahura nazo ** keraunoparalysis **: ako kanya nyuma yo guhagarika imyigaragambyo, ukuguru kumwe cyangwa byombi (cyangwa amaboko) bihinduka ** bimugaye rwose, biracika intege, bikonje-bikonje, byahinduwe ubururu-bwera, kandi bidafite imbaraga ** bitewe na sisitemu nini yimpuhwe za catecholamine spasme na vasoconstriction ikomeye. - ** Ntukibeshye keraunoparalysis kubera umugongo waciwe cyangwa ingingo yapfuye: ** Nubwo ubudahangarwa bwumugongo bugomba gukomeza kubaho niba uwahohotewe yajugunywe ku rutare bitewe no kwikuramo imitsi, keraunoparalysis ni spasime yimyanya myanya mitsi ** ikemura ubwayo mugihe cyamasaha 1 kugeza 12 **, igarura ibyiyumvo byuzuye, ubushyuhe, nigikorwa.

Imibare yihutirwa yo mukarere hamwe na Alpine / Protokole yo gutabara mu nyanja¶

• ** Amerika na Kanada: ** Hamagara ** 911 ** (cyangwa utere ** Garmin inReach / SPOT / Apple Emergency SOS ukoresheje Satelite ** itara ryimbere mugihugu). Ku mazi yo mu nyanja, uraho ** Amerika. cyangwa Abanyakanada barinda inkombe kuri VHF Umuyoboro wa 16 (156.8 MHz) ** hamwe na "MAYDAY" hamagara.
• ** Ubwongereza: ** Hamagara ** 999 ** cyangwa ** 112 ** hanyuma usabe ** "Polisi, hanyuma Gutabara Umusozi" ** cyangwa ** "Inkeragutabara" ** ku nyanja.
• ** Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi & Alpine Ibihugu: ** Hamagara ** 112 **. Inomero zo gutabara kajugujugu zabigenewe zirimo ** 1414 ** (Ubusuwisi REGA), ** 140 ** (Otirishiya Bergrettung), na ** 118/112 ** (Ubutaliyani CNSAS).
• ** Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande: ** Hamagara ** 000 ** (Ositaraliya) cyangwa ** 111 ** (Nouvelle-Zélande), cyangwa ukoreshe ** 406 MHz PLB / EPIRB **.
• ** Aziya: ** Hamagara ** 119 ** (Ubuyapani, Koreya yepfo, Tayiwani), ** 110/120 ** (Ubushinwa), ** 999 ** (Maleziya, Hong Kong), cyangwa ** 112 ** (Ubuhinde), cyangwa ubaze nimero yihutirwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Ufite amasegonda angahe hagati yumusatsi wawe uhagaze (cyangwa inkingi zigenda zivuga) no gukubita inkuba?¶

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’abahanga mu bya fiziki n’ikirere bwerekana ko umusatsi umaze guhagarara neza, inkingi zigenda cyangwa amashoka ya barafu bitangira kuvuguta nkinzuki, cyangwa umuriro w’ubururu-violet Mutagatifu Elmo urabagirana ku bikoresho by’ibikoresho, inkuba ikunda gukurikira mu masegonda 3 kugeza kuri 15. Ntabwo ufite umwanya wo gupakira igikapu cyawe cyangwa gufata ifoto. Kureka ibyuma byose byayobora hamwe nibikoresho bya karuboni-fibre aho hantu, wiruka kuri metero 10 kugeza kuri 20 uvuye ku bikoresho byamanutse (hanyuma uve hejuru y’imisozi niba umanuka utekanye uri kure), hanyuma uhite umanukira mumurabyo wumurabyo hamwe nudutsiko twawe hamwe.

Ese inkingi za karuboni-fibre zigenda, inkoni zo kuroba, hamwe ninkingi zihema zifite umutekano mugihe cyinkuba, cyangwa zitwara amashanyarazi nka aluminium?¶

Fibre ya karubone (grafite compite) numuyoboro ukomeye w'amashanyarazi, ntabwo ari insulator. Gufata karuboni-fibre igenda, inkoni yo kuroba, cyangwa umutaka hejuru yumusozi cyangwa mukibuga cyubwato mugihe cyumuyaga w'amashanyarazi ni bibi cyane nko gufata aluminium cyangwa inkoni yambaye ubusa. Byongeye kandi, iyo inkuba ikubise ibikoresho bya karuboni-fibre, resin matrix irashyuha kandi igahita ihumeka ako kanya, bigatuma igiti cya karuboni-fibre giturika mu bihumbi byogosha byogosha. Buri gihe ujugunye aluminium na karubone-fibre metero 10 kugeza kuri 20 mugihe corona isohotse cyangwa inkuba yegeranye.

Ni ukubera iki kuryama hasi mu gihe cy'umurabyo ari bibi cyane kuruta kwikinisha hamwe?¶

Iyo inkuba ikubise umusozi, urwuri, cyangwa igiti, amper ibihumbi mirongo irasa hanze ikanyura hejuru yubutaka hejuru yubutaka hamwe nigitare gitose kuri metero 15 kugeza 30 muri buri cyerekezo, bigatuma habaho umuvuduko ukabije wa voltage ("intambwe yintambwe") hejuru yubutaka. Niba uryamye neza mu gifu cyangwa ku mugongo, umubiri wawe ureshya na metero 2 z'ubutaka, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro rinini rya voltage hagati yigituza cyawe n'amaguru yawe atwara amashanyarazi yica binyuze mumutima wawe. Kwicara hasi kumipira yamaguru yawe hamwe nitsinda ryawe ukanda hamwe bigabanya guhuza ubutaka kugera kumwanya muto kandi bigahindura umuyaga kuva kumaguru kugeza kumugeri utambutse umutima wawe.

Nukuri ko inkweto za reberi cyangwa inkweto ziruka bikurinda inkuba?¶

Oya, ibyo ni umugani uteye akaga. Inkuba yasimbutse ibirometero 3 kugeza kuri 10 (kilometero 2 kugeza kuri 6) yumuyaga uhumeka kuri miriyoni 30 kugeza kuri miliyoni 100 volt ntizahagarikwa na santimetero 1 kugeza kuri 2 (igice cya santimetero) ya rubber boot boot sole. Mugihe ushyize icyuma cyumye, cyumye gifunze ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa igitereko cyinshi cya nylon yumye izamuka munsi yamaguru yawe mugihe cyumurabyo cyongeramo imbaraga zamashanyarazi zirwanya intege nke zubutaka-bugezweho, inkweto zisanzwe zo gutembera zonyine zitanga uburinzi bwa zeru kugirango wirinde gukubita cyangwa gufunga umuyaga wubutaka.

Ese koko umurabyo wumupira ushobora kunyura mu idirishya rifunze mu nzu cyangwa mu ndege?¶

Yego. Raporo yiboneye yiboneye n’abahanga mu bya fiziki, abaderevu, na banyiri amazu, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na plasma ya laboratoire, yemeza ko inkuba y’umupira ishobora kugaragara imbere mu idirishya ry’ikirahure gifunze utabanje kumena ikirahure, cyangwa gushonga umwobo uzenguruka unyuze kuri pane. Umuhengeri mwinshi wa electromagnetiki cyangwa umurima w'amashanyarazi wo mu kirere uturuka ku muyoboro w’umurabyo uri hafi urashobora kunyura nta nkomyi unyuze mu kirahure cy'idirishya kitayobora kandi ukanahindura molekile zo mu kirere ku ruhande rw'imbere rwa pane, bikavugurura urwego rwa plasma rwaka imbere mu cyumba. Niba umurabyo wumupira winjiye mucyumba, uhagarare cyangwa usubire inyuma buhoro buhoro udashizeho umushinga, kandi ntuzigere ukora kumuzingo cyangwa ibyuma byegeranye.

Kuki ari umutekano rwose gukoraho no gukora CPR kumuntu wakubiswe numurabyo?¶

Bitandukanye nuwahohotewe ukomeje gufata umurongo wamashanyarazi wamanutse cyane cyangwa ibikoresho byo murugo bidakwiriye, umuntu wakubiswe numurabyo wo mu kirere ntabika cyangwa ngo agumane umuriro w'amashanyarazi mumubiri wabo iyo flash ya 0.2-isegonda irangiye. Umuyaga wumurabyo umaze kunyura mwisi muri microseconds. Kwanga gukora ku nkuba uwahohotewe bitwara ubuzima: ugomba guhita ubikoraho, ukareba niba uhumeka na pulse, hanyuma ugatangira CPR cyangwa gutabara guhumeka aho hantu.

Inkomoko nubuyobozi¶

• ** Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’inyanja n’ikirere (NOAA) & Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ikirere (NWS, Amerika): ** * Amabwiriza y’umutekano w’umurabyo hamwe na siyansi y’abayobozi bateye intambwe, imigezi yo hejuru, hamwe n’ubutaka bugezweho *.
• ** Umuryango w’ubuvuzi bwo mu butayu (WMS, Mpuzamahanga): ** * Amabwiriza y’ubuvuzi bw’ubuvuzi bwo mu butayu Amabwiriza yo gukumira no kuvura ibikomere by’umurabyo * (Davis n'abandi.,
• ** UIAA.
• ** Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara (CDC, Amerika): ** * Inkuba yibasiwe n’abahohotewe, gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, hamwe n’ubwato / Umutekano w’umurabyo *.
• ** Ishyirahamwe ry’imitima y'Abanyamerika (AHA) & Inama ishinzwe ubuzima bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi (ERC): ** * Amabwiriza yo Kuvura Imitsi Yumutima no Kuvura byihutirwa by’umutima-Imitsi, Ibintu bidasanzwe: Gukomeretsa amashanyarazi n’umurabyo *.

Kuyobora¶

• Umurabyo wumupira, umuriro wa Mutagatifu Elmo, no gukubita hasi (umusatsi uhagaze)
• Inkuba n'inkuba
• Imiravyo y'ibirunga, urubura rwa tephra, ibiti bya pumice, hamwe na gride flashover itose
• Amashanyarazi
• Gukoresha CPR na AED