Amazi yubushyuhe bwamazi (Conductonaut / PS5) Isuka Mububiko cyangwa GPU Ibigize: Gukuramo Gallium Yizewe¶

Gusuka ndetse na microscopique igitonyanga cyamazi yubushyuhe bwamazi, nka Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, cyangwa uruganda rwa PlayStation 5 (PS5) ibikoresho byubushyuhe bwa APU, kubibaho, kubitunganya, cyangwa ikarita yerekana ikarita yacapishijwe ikibaho cyihuta (PCB) nikintu cyihutirwa cyibikoresho byihutirwa. Bitandukanye na silicone isanzwe yijimye na zinc-oxyde, ibyuma byamazi ni eutectic metal alloy igizwe na gallium, indium, na tin bikomeza kuba amazi mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Ni 100 ku ijana ikoresha amashanyarazi kandi ikarishye cyane kuri aluminiyumu yambaye ubusa hamwe n’ubushyuhe buke bwo kugurisha. Niba uhuye nigikorwa gito cyamashanyarazi, umwotsi, cyangwa impumuro yaka ya sisitemu ikoreshwa, hita uca amashanyarazi hanyuma ubaze aho utuye nimero yihutirwa niba ikintu kigizwe n'umuriro. Kubijyanye no kugarura ibyuma bifitanye isano, reba ubuyobozi bwacu kuri CPU yakuyemo ibyuma bishyushya cyangwa byunamye, PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR umuhuza ushonga, numunuko wo gutwika amashanyarazi muri PC, na Ubushyuhe bwa PC bukabije hamwe na cooler yamashanyarazi yamenetse.

Kuberako icyuma cyamazi gifite uburemere buke budasanzwe, igituba kimwe kiva muri singe yamenetse kubuntu gitunguranye gishobora gutangiza uduce twinshi duto, twerekana indorerwamo-ifeza ya feza hejuru ya santimetero 15 (santimetero 6) zumuzunguruko. Niba ndetse isaro imwe ya milimetero imwe ihuza ibiraro bibiri byegeranye bya Surface Mount Device (SMD) ibyuma byinshi bya ceramic ceramic (MLCCs) bikikije GPU bipfuye, cyangwa bikazenguruka munsi ya pake ya Ball Grid Array (BGA) ya moderi ya VRAM cyangwa AMD AM5 itunganya amashanyarazi, guhinduranya amashanyarazi azunguruka mumashanyarazi ya voltage-1.8. Ariko, mugihe cyose udakoresheje ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi ntugasige icyuma cyamazi ukoresheje igitambaro cyumye cyangwa koza cyane, 100 ku ijana bya galiyo yamenetse irashobora gukururwa neza nta byangiritse burundu.

Kora ubu¶

1. ** Kuramo umugozi wa AC hanyuma ukureho bateri ya CMOS (cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa / mudasobwa igendanwa). ** Ntuzigere ufungura sisitemu kugirango umenye niba isuka rito rifite akamaro. Ndetse imbaraga zo guhagarara (+5VSB kuri kibaho cya ATX cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa ya mudasobwa igendanwa ya lithium-ion ipakira) itanga ingufu za gari ya moshi izahita izenguruka mugihe gito ikiraro cya gallium ihita ibiraro bibiri byegeranye.
2. ** Hagarika kwimuka, kugoreka, cyangwa kunyeganyeza ikibaho cyababyeyi, ikarita yubushushanyo, cyangwa chassis ya konsole. Kuringaniza ikibaho bitera imirima irekuye kuzenguruka vuba muri PCB hanyuma ikanyerera munsi yumukara wibukwa wa BGA wirabura, PCIe, cyangwa inzu ya CPU ya sock aho itagaragara hejuru.
3. ** Ntugahanagure isuka hamwe nigitambaro cyumye, igitambaro, cyangwa ipamba yumye.
4. ** Fata amasaro yose agaragara ubanza ukoresheje shitingi isukuye neza cyangwa urushinge rwumukara wa pulasitike wumukara ushyizwemo numuyoboro wawe wicyuma.
5. ** Kugenzura niba icyuma icyo aricyo cyose cyamazi cyakoze kuri aluminiyumu yambaye ubusa (nka cooler ya aluminium CPU ikonjesha, GPU fin stack, cyangwa M.2 heatsink). Gallium ikwirakwira vuba mu mbibi za kirisiti ya aluminiyumu, itera ibiza bya Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) ihindura aluminiyumu yubatswe ikomeye ihinduka ifu yijimye ivunika mu masaha.
6. ** Koresha 99% byinzoga ya isopropyl (IPA) uburyo bwo gutobora no guhuriza hamwe kugirango ukure mikoro isigaye kuri capacitori ya SMD. Filime ya alcool ikubiyemo uruhu rwa galisiyumu ya okiside kandi ituma amasaro mato ashobora guhurira mumurongo munini ufatira kumutwe utose kugirango uzamure uhagaritse.

Igiti cyemezo: Kugerageza icyuma gisukuye ahantu hamwe nibikoresho byo hejuru¶

Koresha iyi mbonerahamwe kugirango umenye inzira nyayo yo gukuramo imashini na chimique ukurikije aho gallium alloy yaguye.

flowchart TD
    A["Amazi Yisuka Amazi Yagaragaye kuri PC, Laptop, cyangwa Konsole"] --> B{"Ese amashanyarazi yakoreshejwe nyuma NYUMA yamenetse?"}
    B -->|"Yego: PC yananiwe gukuramo, kurasa, cyangwa kuzimya"| C["Kata AC na bateri imbaraga -> Kuramo ibyuma byose byamazi -> Reba ubushobozi bwa SMD bugufi hamwe na multimeter muburyo bwa Continuity / Diode mbere yuko wongera imbaraga"]
    B -->|"Oya: Isuka ryabaye mugihe cyo guterana cyangwa kubungabunga"| D{"Gallium y'amazi yicyuma yaguye he?"}
    D -->|"Flat PCB Solder Mask cyangwa GPU / CPU Gupfa Ubuso"| E["Kunywa amasaro menshi hamwe na siringi ya pulasitike itagaragara -> Wet-dab micro-serefegitike ihagaritse hamwe na 99% IPA swab -> Coalesce no kuzamura"]
    D -->|"Ububiko bwa SMD bwuzuye (CPU / GPU substrate cyangwa VRM)"| F["Ntugasibe kuruhande -> Agace k'umwuzure hamwe na 99% IPA -> Dab uhagaritse hamwe na swab yerekanwe ifuro -> Fata hamwe na electronics contact isuku kumuvuduko muke"]
    D -->|"Imbere muri LGA / AM5 / AM4 CPU Socket cyangwa PCIe Ahantu"| G["Ntugahanagure pin -> Saba amasaro manini hamwe na plastike nziza ya 27G-30G -> Kuzamura witonze micro-amasaro hamwe na IPA yatose hamwe na brush filament munsi ya 10x loupe"]
    D -->|"Munsi ya Chip ya BGA (VRAM, GPU Core, Southbridge)"| H["Hindura ikibaho gato ugana ku nkombe zifunguye neza -> Umwuzure uri munsi yu mwuzure hamwe na 99% IPA ukoresheje syringe -> Shyira hasi ya 0,05 mm ya shimike ya shimike cyangwa impu zo gushushanya kugirango ushushanye amasaro."]
    D -->|"Kuri Heatsink Baseplate cyangwa Fin Stack"| I{"Niki cyuma gishyushye gikozwe?"}
    I -->|"Umuringa wuzuye cyangwa umuringa ushyizweho na Nickel"| J["UMUTEKANO: Gallium ikora ibintu bitagira ingaruka mbi ya amalgam -"]
    I -->|"Bare Extruded cyangwa Cast Aluminium"| K["INGARUKA ZIKURIKIRA: Amazi ya Liquid Metal -"]

Sobanukirwa na physics na metallurgie ya gallium icyuma cyamazi¶

Kugirango usukure icyuma gisukuye utarinze gukuba inshuro icumi, ugomba gusobanukirwa ibintu bitatu bifatika bikora eutectic gallium-indium-tin (GaInSn, mubisanzwe hafi ya 68.5 ku ijana gallium, 21.5 ku ijana indium, na 10 ku ijana amabati kuburemere) bitwara bitandukanye cyane na silicone yumuriro cyangwa mercure:

1. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ukabije hamwe na micro-ikiraro¶

Amashanyarazi asanzwe (nka Arctic MX-4, MX-6, Noctua NT-H1, cyangwa Kryonaut) ahagarika uduce duto duto twa ceramic (oxyde ya aluminium, okiside ya zinc, cyangwa nitride ya boron) imbere mu gutwara amavuta ya silicone. Nubwo wasize paste isanzwe hejuru ya capacitori ya GPU igaragara, ikora nka insulator. Ibyuma byamazi, bitandukanye nibyo, icyuma gishongeshejwe gifite amashanyarazi arenga miliyoni 3.1 Siemens kuri metero. Kuberako ibikoresho bya CPU bigezweho (nka AMD Ryzen AM5 hejuru, Intel Core substrates, na laptop BGA ipfa) hamwe namakarita yikarita yerekana amashusho azengurutse silikoni apfa afite ubushobozi bwa 0201 nubunini bwa 0402 bwa capacitori zifite intera iri munsi ya milimetero 0,25 (santimetero 0.01) zitandukanye, isaro ryibyuma byamazi bitagaragara neza mumaso ya gari ya moshi.

2. Guhindura uruhu rwa gallium-oxyde ako kanya (kuki ibyuma byamazi bisuka iyo bihanaguwe byumye)¶

Gallium yuzuye yuzuye ifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 29,76 (dogere 85.57 Fahrenheit), kandi iyo ivanze na indium na tin, aho gushonga bigabanuka munsi ya dogere selisiyusi 10 (dogere 50 Fahrenheit). Iyo ihuye na ogisijeni mu kirere cyo mu cyumba, hejuru y’igitonyanga cy’amazi gitemba cyifata muri milisegonda kugira ngo kibe microscopique, uruhu rukomeye rwa oxyde ya galiyo (III) (Ga2O3) nanometero nkeya gusa:

• ** Iyo idakozweho: ** Igitonyanga cyitwara nkumupira muto wamazi ufashwe hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimbere (hafi 0.5 kugeza 0.7 Newtons kuri metero).
• ** Iyo uhanaguweho byumye: ** Niba ukurura ipamba yumye cyangwa igitambaro cyimpapuro hejuru yigitonyanga, urashwanyaguza uruhu rwa gallium-oxyde hanyuma ugakanda icyuma cyimbere cyimbere cyerekanwe imbere ya microscopique yimbere ya mask ya sale ya PCB cyangwa capacitori ceramic. Uruhu rwa okiside rwacitse ruhita ruvugurura kandi rusunika icyuma cyasizwe hejuru nk'irangi rya feza ritose, hasigara imvi zijimye hamwe na mikoro ibihumbi.
• ** Impamvu 99% alcool ya isopropyl (IPA) ikora: ** Mugihe inzoga ya isopropyl idashonga imiti yicyuma cyamazi (ibyuma ntibishonga muri alcool), yuzuza isaro hamwe na 99% IPA yimura umwuka, isiga amavuta hejuru yuruhu rwa gallium-oxyde, igabanya gufatana hamwe na mikorobe ikwirakwira kugirango ifatanye hamwe.

3. Amazi ya Liquid Embrittlement (LME) ya aluminium na benign guhuza hamwe n'umuringa¶

Gallium ya Liquid ikorana cyane nibyuma biri muri mudasobwa:

Intambwe ku yindi yo gukuramo protocole: Gusukura ibyuma byamazi muri PCBs na SMDs¶

Kora ahantu heza, hatarimo umushinga hamwe nibikoresho:

• ** Gukuza: ** A. 10x loupe ya zahabu, microscope ya USB, cyangwa kamera ya terefone yashizweho 5x Kuri 8x zoom hamwe na LED flash.
• ** Igikoresho cyo guswera: ** Urushinge rwumukara rwa pulasitike rwirabura Urushinge rwa Luer-lock hamwe na siringi ya mililitiro 1 irimo icyuma cyawe cyamazi, cyangwa umuyoboro wa pulasitike usukuye.
• ** Umuti: ** ** 99 ku ijana inzoga ya anhydrous isopropyl alcool (IPA) ** (irinde 70 ku ijana guswera inzoga) hamwe na kanseri ya ** ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitagira umutekano byitumanaho **.
• ** Abasaba: ** Bashyizweho isuku yo kwisukura ifuro, gukomeretsa cyane ipamba, gusiga irangi ryiza rya nylon, hamwe na kaseti ya polimide (Kapton).
• ** Ibyokurya birimo: ** Isafuriya ya ceramic cyangwa igikombe cya plastiki cyometseho igitambaro cyimpapuro zitose kugirango usohokemo amasaro ya gallium.

Icyiciro cya 1: Icyifuzo kinini cyamasaro (pass yumye)¶

1. ** Shushanya akarere kamenetse munsi yumucyo: ** Shira itara ryaka hejuru ya PCB kumurongo wa dogere 15. Amasaro y'icyuma yerekana amazi yerekana urumuri ruto ruto rwa chrome, ruhagaze neza cyane na mask yumukara cyangwa icyatsi kibisi. Reba kuri santimetero 20 (santimetero 8) uvuye kuri CPU cyangwa GPU, harimo imbere ya RAM, imbere ya M.2, hamwe nu mashanyarazi.
2. ** Saba isaro yose ireshya na milimetero 0,5 (santimetero 0,02): ** Shyira kumutwe wumukara wa plastike wumukara kuri siringi yawe yicyuma, usunike plunger hasi kugirango wirukane umwuka, kora ku mutwe witonze kuruhande rwicyuma cyamazi, hanyuma usubize buhoro buhoro buhoro.
3. ** Koresha "trick-mama-isaro coalescence trick" kubidendezi binini: ** Niba igitonyanga gito cyanze kwinjira mumutwe wa syringe wenyine, kanda isaro rito ryicyuma cyamazi hagati yisonga rya siringi yawe kugirango umanike kuri nozzle, kora kuri iryo saro rimanikwa kumatonyanga yamenetse kurubaho, hanyuma usubize inyuma. Kuberako ibyuma byamazi bifite aho bihurira ubwabyo, igitonyanga cyasesekaye gifata mumasaro amanitse kumutwe wa syringe hanyuma uganywa imbere.

Icyiciro cya 2: Gukuramo micro-amasaro mumashanyarazi ya SMD yuzuye (CPU / GPU substrates)¶

Agace gasuka cyane cyane ni impeta yuzuye ya capacitori ya ceramic decoupling capacitor ikikije mudasobwa igendanwa yambaye ubusa CPU cyangwa GPU ipfa, AMD Ryzen AM5 yamashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ya Intel, cyangwa pake ya PlayStation 5 APU.

1. ** Wuzuze umurongo wa capacitori hamwe na 99% byinzoga ya isopropyl: ** Koresha igitonyanga cyangwa syringe kugirango ushire ibitonyanga 3 kugeza kuri 4 bya 99% IPA hejuru yubushobozi bwa SMD bwanduye kuburyo bwarohamye muri pisine isukuye.
2. ** Shyira mu buryo buhagaritse hamwe na IPA yashizwemo ifuro ya swab swab: ** Shira ifuro ryerekanwe muri 99% IPA. Kanda inama itose ** igororotse hepfo ihagaritse ** kuri capacator hanyuma uzamure hejuru. Ntugakore ** ntukore ** utambike mu buryo butambitse, ushobora gukurura capacitor ntoya 0201 hanyuma ukayikuramo udupapuro twagurishijwe cyangwa kumena galiyo mo uduce duto.
3. ** Coalesce yafashwe n'amasaro hagati yubusa bwa capacitor: ** Munsi 5x Kuri 10x gukuza, koresha igikonjo kimwe cyoroshye cya nylon kivuye mu cyuma gisukuye cyamazi meza (cyangwa umuti wamenyo wibiti wamenyo wibiti byera kugeza ahantu heza hanyuma ushiramo muri 99% IPA) kugirango witonze witonze amasaro ya microscopique ya feza uva mumwanya muto uri hagati ya capacitori urangirira mumazi ya alcool. Iyo micro-isaro imaze gukoraho imbere muri pisine yinzoga, zihurira mumurongo munini ushobora kuzamura neza hamwe na swab itose cyangwa wifuza na syringe.
4. ** Hagarika swabs buri dabs 3 kugeza 4: ** Akanya gato ka swab kamaze gufata uduce twa feza, kijugunya kure ufate swab nshya. Gukoresha swab yanduye isubiramo micro-amasaro kuri capacator zisukuye.

Icyiciro cya 3: Gukuramo ibyuma byamazi byafatiwe munsi ya BGA chip (VRAM, GPU core, cyangwa chipset)¶

Niba icyuma gisukuye kivuye kumpera ya GPU ipfa cyangwa itunganyirizwa rya PlayStation 5 hanyuma ikanyerera mu cyuho cya milimetero 0.3 (0.012-santimetero) munsi yikibiriti cya GDDR6 VRAM yegeranye cyangwa munsi yumushinga wa BGA utunganya ibintu, ipamba isanzwe ntishobora kuyigeraho.

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  FLUSHING GALLIUM BEADS FROM UNDERNEATH A BGA CHIP (VRAM / GPU)       |
|                                                                       |
|       [ Black BGA VRAM Chip ]                                         |
|       =======================                                         |
|        ( ) ( )  * <-- Trapped Gallium Bead between Solder Balls       |
|       ---------------------------------------------------------       |
|       [ Green/Black Fiberglass PCB ]                                  |
|                                                                       |
|  1. Tilt PCB at 30 degrees with a folded paper towel taped against    |
|     the lower exit edge of the BGA chip as a catch-dam.               |
|  2. Inject 99% Isopropyl Alcohol through the upper edge of the chip   |
|     using a blunt plastic syringe to float the oxide skin loose.      |
|  3. Slide a 0.05 mm strip of smooth Parchment Paper or Kapton film    |
|     soaked in 99% IPA through the under-chip gap to sweep beads out.  |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. ** Wubake gufata-urugomero rwinjira kuruhande rwo gusohoka: ** Funga umwenda wa microfiber idafite lint cyangwa lisiti ya kawa itagabanijwe hamwe na 99% IPA hanyuma uyikande cyane kuruhande rwo hepfo ya chip ya BGA aho ushaka ko ibyuma bisukuye bisohoka, bityo amasaro yashegeshwe ntagwe mumashanyarazi aturanye.
2. ** Shyira PCB kuri dogere 30 kugeza kuri 45 hanyuma utere IPA 99 ku ijana kuruhande: ** Uzuza siringi isukuye hamwe na 99% alcool ya isopropyl, shyira nozzle ku cyuho cyo hejuru cya chip ya BGA, hanyuma ushireho impiswi zihoraho za alcool munsi ya chip. Kubera ko inzoga ya isopropyl ifite ubushyuhe buke (21.7 milinewtoni kuri metero), inyura muri gride ya BGA igurisha-umupira kandi ireremba imirima ya gallium irekuye kumyenda yawe.
3. ** Kuraho icyuho ukoresheje milimetero 0,05 (0.002-santimetero) impapuro zimpu cyangwa impapuro za firime polyimide: ** Kata umurongo ufunganye wa milimetero 3 z'ubugari (0,12-santimetero) wanditseho impapuro zisukuye ** silicone zometseho impapuro zimpu, impapuro zicapiro, cyangwa kaseti yoroheje ya Kapton polyimide (hamwe nuruhande rwiziritse kuri yo) **. Wandike umurongo hamwe na IPA 99 ku ijana, uyitondere witonze munsi yuruhande rwa chip ya BGA hagati yumurongo wimipira yagurishijwe, hanyuma uyishushanye werekeza kumyenda yawe. Suzuma umurongo uri munsi yo gukuza nyuma ya buri pass; ongera usubiremo imirongo mishya hamwe na IPA isukuye kugeza passes eshanu zikurikiranye zisohotse zidafite ifeza.
4. ** Kora isuku yanyuma yumuvuduko ukabije wogeshe: ** Fata ikibaho kumurongo wa dogere 45 hejuru yumurongo wimyanda hanyuma utere umugezi wa ** ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitekanye byogukora isuku ** unyuze mumwanya uri munsi ya chip kugirango woze ibice bitinze.

Icyiciro cya 4: Gukuramo ibyuma byamazi muri AMD AM5, AM4, cyangwa Intel LGA yububiko¶

Niba igitonyanga cyicyuma cyamazi cyaguye mumurongo ufunguye wa Intel LGA1700 / LGA1851 cyangwa AMD AM5 ububiko bwibanze (reba CPU yakuyemo ibyuma bishyushya cyangwa byunamye kubakanishi ba pin):

1. ** Ntuzigere ukurura igipande hejuru ya LGA sock: ** J ifite ishusho ya zahabu isize beryllium-umuringa wibibabi byamababi imbere muri sock ya LGA yunamye ako kanya iyo ifashwe.
2. ** Shyira sock gato kugirango ushimangire isaro: ** Gushyira ikibaho kidafite ingufu imbere mumufuka urwanya anti-static (hamwe nudupaki twa desiccant kugirango wirinde kondegene) muri firigo kuri -18 degrees Celsius (0 degrees Fahrenheit) muminota 45, cyangwa gukoraho igitonyanga mugihe gito hamwe nurwego rukonje rwurushinge rwo kudoda rukonje rwakonjeshejwe mu rubura rwumye, rushobora gutobora no gukonjesha isaro muri pellet ikomeye ya feza ushobora gukuramo neza kuri pine ya sock ukoresheje tezeri idasobanutse neza idafite magnetiki utabigabanyijemo ibitonyanga bito.
3. ** Gukuramo amazi munsi yo gukuza: ** Niba ukuramo ubushyuhe bwicyumba, uzuza pine ya sock yibasiwe na 99% IPA ukoresheje ijisho. Koresha ** 30-gipima ya plastike IV ya catheter ya shehe ** kuri syringe (cyangwa urusenda rumwe rwa nylon irangi rwogejwe hamwe na IPA) yakubiswe cyane mu cyerekezo cya diagonal pin ya LGA yerekeza kugirango ushire isaro rya feza kugeza hejuru yipine aho swab yatose ifuro ishobora kuyikoraho igahagarara hejuru.

Kuraho ibara ryijimye ryijimye risigaye kuri masike ya PCB yagurishijwe cyangwa umuringa¶

Nyuma yo kuvanaho isaro ryose ryicyuma cyamazi, urashobora kubona ibara ryijimye ryijimye kuri masike yagurishijwe PCB, imibiri ya ceramic ceramic, cyangwa isahani ikonje yumuringa.

• ** Ku isahani y'ubukonje bw'umuringa cyangwa Nickel: ** Ikizinga cya feza-imvi ku cyuma cy'umuringa ni umuringa ukomeye wa gallium intermetallic (CuGa2). Ntacyo bitwaye kandi ntigomba kuvaho. Niba urimo usubira muri paste isanzwe yubushyuhe kandi ukaba ushaka ubuso bworoshye, shyira igitonyanga cya ** kitari abrasive cyuma cyuma ** kuri heatsink yumuringa ** mugihe cyakuweho rwose muri PC **, kogesha imyenda ya microfibre, hanyuma woge hamwe na 99% IPA.
• ** Kuri Mask ya Solder ya PCB na Capacator ya SMD: ** Icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye kuri PCB ni firime ya ** gallium (III) oxyde (III) (Ga2O3) bivanze na microscopique ibyuma byafashwe **. Isukure mu guhanagura ipamba yerekanwe hamwe na ** 99 ku ijana IPA **, kuzunguza umutwe wa swab inyuma inyuma ya smudge (nka roller ya lint aho kuyikubita), hanyuma ujugunye swab ikimara guhinduka imvi. Subiramo hamwe na swabs nshya kugeza ipamba ije yera kandi mask yo kugurisha asa neza neza munsi 10x gukuza.

PlayStation 5 (PS5) hamwe nudukino twa mudasobwa igendanwa ya mudasobwa igendanwa¶

Isosiyete ya Sony ya PlayStation 5 hamwe na mudasobwa zigendanwa zo mu rwego rwo hejuru (nka ASUS ROG Zephyrus, Strix SCAR, na Alienware moderi) ubwato buva mu ruganda rufite ibyuma bisukuye kuri APU cyangwa CPU bipfa kuzengurutswe n’urugomero rufunguye rwitwa polyurethane rwinshi n’urupapuro rukingira hejuru ya capacitori ya SMD ikikije.

1. ** Gupima "PS5 Vertical Dry Spot" na Barrière Kumena: ** Igihe kirenze, gusiganwa ku magare yumuriro kuri PS5 cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa birashobora gutuma pisine yicyuma cyamazi kuri silicon ipfa guhinduka okiside kandi igasubira inyuma, hasigara icyuma cyumye cyijimye cyijimye cyijimye kuri kirisiti ya silikoni itera guhagarika ubushyuhe bukabije. Igihe cyose icyuma gisukuye kigumye imbere yikariso yumukara ikikije APU, ntabwo ** itagabanije ikibaho cyababyeyi: koga ipamba isukuye muri IPA 99 ku ijana, koresha buhoro buhoro ikibara cyumuvu wa okiside kuri silicon ipfa hanyuma umuringa ushyushye wumuringa kugirango ucike igikonjo cya oxyde, hanyuma ugabanye ibyuma byamazi bihari muruganda.
2. ** Niba Uruganda rwamazi rwamazi rwarenze urugomero rwamafuro mugihe cyo gusenya: ** Niba wazamuye PS5 cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa ya mudasobwa igendanwa hamwe nicyuma cyamazi cyasesekaye hanze yikibabi cya kopi kuri kibaho, kurikiza icyiciro cya 1 kugeza ku cya 3 hejuru kugirango ukure buri saro kurubaho, hanyuma ugenzure igitereko cyuruganda mbere yo guteranya. Niba urugomero rwa furo rwatanyaguwe, rushyizwe hejuru, cyangwa rushyizwemo na gallium, usimbuze gasike ya furo (cyangwa ushyireho amakoti abiri ya ** silicone isobanutse neza / Inzitizi ya Thermal Grizzly Shield ** hejuru ya capacator zose zikikije SMD hanyuma ureke ikire muminota 30) mbere yo gusubiramo ubushyuhe.

Kugenzura mbere-imbaraga: Multimeter ngufi-yumuzingi wikizamini hamwe nintwaro za barrière¶

Ntuzigere ucomeka umugozi w'amashanyarazi ushingiye kubireba bisanzwe. Uzuza iyi ntambwe enye zamashanyarazi na optique mbere:

1. ** The 10x Scan ya Flashlight Scan: ** Kugenzura buri milimetero kare ya CPU / GPU substrate, hafi yicyiciro cya VRM, ahantu RAM, hamwe na PCB munsi 10x gukuza mugihe wimura itara ryaka rya LED mumuzingi wa dogere 360. Niba ntakintu kibengerana cya feza, isuku yuzuye iruzuye.
2. ** Gukomeza Multimeter Gukomeza / Kurwanya Kugenzura Kurenga Kubishobora: ** Shiraho multimeter ya digitale kuri ** Gukomeza cyangwa Ohms nkeya (200 ohm intera) **. Kora iperereza kuri point y'ubutaka (nk'icyuma cya PCIe icyuma) hanyuma ukore witonze ubundi iperereza kumpande zombi za capacitori ya SMD aho isuka yabereye:
3. Uruhande rumwe rwa capacitor ya decoupling ihuza na Ground (0.0 to 0.5 ohms), mugihe uruhande rutandukanye ruhuza gari ya moshi.
4. Ubusanzwe GPU yibanze (NVVDD / VDDGFX) na CPU Vcore gare mubisanzwe ifite imbaraga nke cyane zo kurwanya ubutaka (** kenshi 0.4 to 2.5 ohms**), so ohm yo hasi gusoma kuri capacator yibanze nibisanzwe. Ariko, 12V, 5V, 3.3V, na 1.8V / 1.2V gari ya moshi igomba gusoma kuva **20 ohms kuri kilo-ohms nyinshi **. Niba a 12V cyangwa 3.3V gari ya moshi irasoma 0.0 ohms yapfuye mugufi kugeza hasi, haracyari ikiraro cyicyuma cyamazi cyihishe munsi yikintu.
5. ** Kama Byuzuye muminota 60: ** Reka ikibaho gisukuye cyicare munsi yigitereko gishyushye cyangwa umuyaga byibuze byibuze iminota 60 kugirango ibishishwa byose byafatiwe munsi yububiko bwa BGA bishira burundu.
6. ** Koresha Ipitingi Yokwirinda Mbere yo Gusubiramo Ibyuma byamazi: ** Niba uteganya gukomeza gukoresha ibyuma byamazi, koza amakoti abiri yoroheje ya ** Thermal Grizzly TG Shield **, ** MG Chemical 422C Silicone Conformal Coating **, cyangwa uzenguruke perimeteri hamwe na ** polimide yubushyuhe bwo hejuru (Kapton) ntishobora gukoraho pompe yambaye ubusa.

Inomero zihutirwa zo mukarere hamwe na protocole yikigo¶

Mugihe icyuma gisukuye gisukuye ku kibaho kidafite ingufu ni ibintu byihutirwa byihutirwa, bikoresha amashanyarazi magufi ku makarita yerekana amashusho ya wattage (450W Kuri 600W Imiyoboro ya 12VHPWR) cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa za lithium-ion zirashobora gukurura umuriro, umwotsi wa acrid, cyangwa bateri yumuriro:

• ** Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika na Kanada: ** Hamagara ** 911 ** ako kanya mugihe PC cyangwa bateri ya mudasobwa igendanwa itangiye kunywa itabi, guturika, cyangwa kwinjira mumashanyarazi. Kuruhu rwimpanuka, ijisho, cyangwa kuribwa byatewe na gallium-indium-tin, hamagara ** Kugenzura Uburozi kuri 1-800-222-1222 ** (US) cyangwa ** 1-844-POISON-X / 1-844-764-7669 ** (Kanada). Menyesha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byangiza umuriro kuri ** Amerika. Komisiyo ishinzwe umutekano w’ibicuruzwa (CPSC) ** kuri SaferProducts.gov.
• ** Ubwongereza: ** Hamagara ** 999 ** (cyangwa ** 112 **) kubera umuriro w'amashanyarazi cyangwa ibyihutirwa byihutirwa. Ushaka inama zidasanzwe zidasanzwe, hamagara ** NHS 111 ** kugirango ugere kuri ** Ikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe amakuru y’uburozi (NPIS) **.
• ** Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi: ** Hamagara ** 112 ** mu bihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kubera umuriro n’ibihe byihutirwa by’ubuvuzi. Ibikoresho byubushyuhe bigurishwa muri EU bitwara ** REACH / CLP Amabwiriza (EC No 1272/2008) Urupapuro rwumutekano (SDS) ** rusobanura imikorere ya gallium.
• ** Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande: ** Hamagara ** 000 ** muri Ositaraliya cyangwa ** 111 ** muri Nouvelle-Zélande kugira ngo umuriro cyangwa ibikorwa byihutirwa. Ushaka gufata imiti cyangwa ibyuma, hamagara ** Ikigo gishinzwe amakuru y’uburozi bwa Ositaraliya kuri 13 11 26 ** cyangwa ikigo cya ** Nouvelle-Zélande gishinzwe uburozi kuri 0800 764 766 **.
• ** Ubuhinde na Aziya-Pasifika: ** Hamagara ** 112 ** mu Buhinde (cyangwa ** 101 ** ku muriro), ** 119 ** mu Buyapani na Koreya y'Epfo, cyangwa ** 995 ** muri Singapuru. Reba ububiko bwuzuye bwa nimero yihutirwa.

Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa¶

Ese ibyuma byamazi yumuriro birashobora guteza akaga gukoraho amaboko cyangwa guhumeka?¶

Ibicuruzwa byamazi yubucuruzi yubushyuhe (nka Thermal Grizzly Conductonaut, Cooler Master MasterGel Liquid, hamwe nuruganda PS5 / ASUS ROG ibyuma byamazi) ni eutectic alloy ya gallium, indium, na tin idahindagurika kandi idafite mercure yuburozi cyangwa isasu. Zibyara imyuka yuburozi ya zeru mucyumba cyangwa mudasobwa ikora ubushyuhe kandi ntibishobora kunyura mu ruhu rwiza, nubwo urupapuro rwumutekano rusaba kwambara uturindantoki twa nitrile kuko gallium ihanagura amavuta yuruhu ako kanya igasiga impumyi ya oxyde. Koza uruhu ukoresheje isabune, amazi ashyushye, hamwe no guswera inzoga nyuma yo guhura.

Bigenda bite iyo akantu gato k'icyuma gisukuye kakoze kuri aluminiyumu amasegonda 10 gusa?¶

Niba icyuma gisukuye kiguye kuri aluminiyumu ya anodize cyangwa irangi hanyuma ukayihanagura hamwe na 99 ku ijana alcool ya isopropyl mu masegonda 10 kugeza 30 mbere yuko icikamo ibice birinda okiside irinda, ubusanzwe ubushyuhe ntibuba bwangiritse. Ariko, niba galiyoyumu yicaye kuri aluminiyumu yakozwe yambaye ubusa hanyuma igasiga ahantu hijimye hijimye-hijimye cyangwa mu rwobo rworoshye, gallium yamaze gutangira gukwirakwira mu mbibi za aluminiyumu ikoresheje Liquid Metal Embrittlement, kandi icyo gice cya aluminiyumu kigomba gutabwa kubera ko ubusugire bw’imiterere buzangirika mu masaha 24 kugeza 72.

Kuki umuringa wanjye washyushye wahinduye ifeza yijimye aho icyuma cyamazi cyakoraho, kandi cyangije ubukonje bwanjye?¶

Ifeza yijimye yijimye yijimye kumuringa wambaye ubusa CPU ikonje ikonje cyangwa icyumba cya mudasobwa igendanwa ni ibisanzwe kandi ntabwo byangiza ubushyuhe. Gallium ikora hamwe na micrometero nkeya yumuringa wambaye ubusa kugirango ikore umuringa ukomeye-gallium intermetallic alloy layer (`CuGa2`), ikomeza kuba yubushyuhe kandi ntigutera gutera imiterere nkuko aluminium ibikora. Urashobora gusiga irangi rya feza uko rimeze hanyuma ugashyiraho paste nshya yubushyuhe hejuru yayo, cyangwa ugahanagura byoroheje igorofa yubatswe ukoresheje 2000-grit yumusenyi wuzuye mbere yo koza hamwe na 99% bya alcool ya isopropyl.

Nshobora gukoresha icyuma cyangiza kugirango nkuremo icyuma gisukuye kiva mububiko bwanjye?¶

Ntuzigere ukora ku bikoresho byo mu rugo byangiza nozzle ku kibaho cyababyeyi, ikarita ishushanya, cyangwa CPU sock kugirango usukure ibyuma byamazi. Umuyaga wihuta wihuta unyuze muri plastiki vacuum nozzle itanga volt ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) ishobora gusenya bucece transistoriste ya CMOS, mugihe umuvuduko mwinshi wogushwanyaguza utwuma twinshi twa capacitori cyangwa LGA sock ya pisine ku kibaho hanyuma ugasuka ibyuma byamazi byimbitse mukibanza. Buri gihe ukoreshe intoki nkeya yihuta hamwe na sisitemu ntoya ya pulasitike ya pulasitike kandi utose 99 ku ijana inzoga ya isopropyl.

Nahise nkoresha amashanyarazi kuri PC cyangwa mudasobwa igendanwa nkoresheje icyuma gisukuye kandi gihita kizimya. Yapfuye burundu?¶

Ntabwo ari ngombwa, kubera ko amashanyarazi agezweho hamwe nububiko bwa voltage yububiko bwa moderi (VRMs) biranga ibyuma birenga-Kurinda Kurinda (OCP) hamwe no Kurinda Umuyoboro Mugufi (SCP) bigenda muri microseconds mugihe gari ya moshi ibuze hasi. Ako kanya fungura amashanyarazi na batiri, kura buri kintu cyose cyicyuma cyamazi ukoresheje 99 ku ijana isopropyl alcool flush protocole, reka ikibaho cyumare isaha imwe, hanyuma ugerageze gari ya moshi ngufi hamwe na multimeter mbere yo kugerageza kongera gutangira.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwizewe bwa zeru-isuka ubundi buryo bwicyuma cyamazi gikora hafi ya GPU yambaye ubusa na laptop ipfa?¶

Niba ushaka ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe na pomp-out biramba hafi yicyuma cyamazi kuri GPU yambaye ubusa ipfa, PC yimikino yo mu ntoki, cyangwa mudasobwa zigendanwa nta kibazo cyo guhura n’umuriro muto w'amashanyarazi cyangwa kwangirika kwa aluminiyumu, koresha amashanyarazi ahindura icyiciro nka Honeywell PTM7950 (cyangwa Thermal Grizzly PhaseSheet PTM / KryoSheet graphene). Honeywell PTM7950 ni ijana kwijana ryamashanyarazi idatwara, ikomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba kugirango ishyirwemo byoroshye, kandi igashonga muburyo bworoshye cyane bukora hejuru ya dogere selisiyusi 45 (dogere 113 Fahrenheit).

Kuyobora¶

• CPU yakuyemo ibyuma bishyushya cyangwa byunamye
• Customer PC ishyushye hamwe na fluid cooler yamenetse triage
• GPU ibihangano hamwe nimpanuka yibikoresho
• PSU capacitor pop, 12VHPWR umuhuza ushonga, numunuko wo gutwika amashanyarazi muri PC

Inkomoko nubuyobozi¶

• ** IPC.
• ** Thermal Grizzly GmbH (EC 1907/2006 REACH): ** * Conductonaut Gallium-Indium-Tin Eutectic Thermal Compound Safety Sheet Data *
• ** ASM Mpuzamahanga: ** * Igitabo cya ASM Igitabo cya 13A: Ruswa - Amazi ya Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME) ya Aluminium Alloys na Gallium * (Ubukanishi bwimbibi zogukwirakwiza ibinyamisogwe byamazi ya galiyumu kuri aluminium na muringa intermetallic).
• ** Laboratoire zandika (UL): ** * UL 62368-1 Amajwi / Video, Amakuru n'Itumanaho Ikoranabuhanga mu Itumanaho Ibikoresho bisabwa Umutekano *
• ** Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro (NFPA): ** * NFPA 70B Igipimo cyo gufata neza ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi * (De-ingufu, umutekano wo gukora isuku, hamwe no kugabanya ingaruka z’umuzunguruko mugufi).