Mmuae a wɔde ma wɔ Subpoena, Deposition Summons, anaa Asɛnnibea Ahyɛde ho¶

Sɛ wode Subpoena bɛhyɛ wo nsa denam process server anaa sheriff’s deputy so, anaasɛ wo nsa bɛka Subpoena Duces Tecum a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode w’ankasa email, text message, bank statement, anaa adwumayɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ bɛma wo no yɛ mmara kwan so adeyɛ a egye ntɛmpɛ. Nea ɛnte sɛ adamfofa kwan so adesrɛ a efi mmaranimfo anaa nhwehwɛmufo hɔ a wowɔ ahofadi sɛ wubebu w’ani agu so no, krataa a wɔde frɛ obi yɛ krataa a ɛkyekyere a wɔde ma wɔ asɛnnibea tumi ase. Sɛ wubu w’ani gu krataa a wɔde frɛ wo a wɔde ma no yiye so, wuhuruw kɔ asɛm a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ anaasɛ wobɛkɔ asɛnnibea, anaasɛ wobɛpopa fael ahorow a wɔabisa no bere a woanya amanneɛbɔ akyi a, ebetumi ama ɔtemmufo de Civil anaa Criminal Bench Warrant (Writ of Bodily Attachment) ama sɛ wɔbɛkyere wo, de wo akɔto Asɛnnibea a wobu no animtiaa mu, na wahyɛ wo sɛ tua dɔla mpempem pii wɔ asotwe ne ɔfã a wɔsɔre tia no mmaranimfo ka.

Bere koro no ara mu no, sɛ wo nsa ka krataa a wɔde frɛ wo a ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wode kokoam kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow ma anifuraefo ɔkyena anɔpa anaasɛ woba da a entumi nyɛ yiye a wunnye ho kyim. Wɔ aban ne ɔman no mmara a ɛfa asɛnnibea ho (te sɛ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 wɔ United States, CPR Part 34 wɔ United Kingdom, ne ɔmantam Mmara a ɛfa Ɔmanfo Asɛnnibea ho wɔ Canada) ase no, adansefo a wɔnyɛ afã horow no nya mmara mu ahobammɔ a tumi wom fi adesoa a ɛnsɛ, asasesin a ɛboro so, hokwan anaa kokoamsɛm a wɔda no adi, ne bere tiaa a wɔde bɛma wɔn. Sɛ wode Asɛnnibea Kuw sii hɔ ntɛm ara, hwɛ sɛ ebia wɔde adansefo ho ka a wɔhwehwɛ no mae sɛ ebia wɔde krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo no mae wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so, de Akasatia a Wɔakyerɛw wɔ nnafua 14 ntam ma de siw nkrataa a wɔyɛ no nwini mu ara kwa, na wo ne mmaranimfo a ɔde mae no di nkitaho wɔ da anaa nsakrae a ɛfata mu wɔ baabi a wɔbɛyɛ no so no, wubetumi adi mmara no so bere a worebɔ wo hokwan ne kokoam nsɛm ho ban no.

Yɛ eyi mprempren¶

1. Bɔ honam fam ahobanbɔ ho ban na hwɛ sɛ woyɛ ɔdansefo anaasɛ obi a wɔde wɔn ani asi so. Sɛ obi de wo honam fam ahobammɔ to asiane mu anaasɛ ɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ obehunahuna wo wɔ w’adansedi ho a, frɛ wo mpɔtam hɔ nɔma a egye ntɛmpɛ (911 wɔ United States ne Canada, 112 wɔ Europa Aman Nkabom Kuw no nyinaa mu, 999 wɔ United Kingdom, anaa hwɛ nɔma ahorow a egye ntɛmpɛ). Afei, hwehwɛ adaka a ɛwɔ atifi benkum so wɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ obi (The Case Caption) no mu hwɛ sɛ ebia woyɛ Ɔdansefo a Ɔnyɛ Ɔdansefo ara kwa wɔ obi foforo akasakasa mu, Ɔdebɔneyɛfo a Wɔabɔ Din (hwɛ ɔde ɔmanfo asɛm a wɔde kɔdan aban), anaasɛ obi a obetumi ayɛ Target / Subject of a Criminal anaa Grand Jury Investigation (hwɛ wɔabɔ no sobo sɛ wayɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ne nsɛmmɔnedifo ho banbɔ).
2. Fa "Litigation Hold" a ɛyɛ 100% ntɛm ara (MPOPA nsɛm, email, anaa fael biako mpo). Ntɛm ara a wo nsa bɛka anaa wubehu krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no, wowɔ mmara mu asɛyɛde a emu yɛ den ase sɛ wobɛkora honam fam ne dijitaal adanse a ebetumi afa ho nyinaa so. Mma **mpopa text message threads, popa wo browser abakɔsɛm, shred paper notes, anaa ma auto-delete nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ WhatsApp, Signal, Slack, anaa email so no kwan ma ɛnkyerɛw nkrasɛm so. Sɛ wɔpopa anaa wɔsesa kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow bere a woanya krataa a wɔde frɛ obi awie no dan ɔmanfo akasakasa ma ɛbɛyɛ bɔne Atɛntrenee a Wosiw / Adanse a Wɔsɛe no sobo.
3. Kyerɛw da, bere, ne ɔkwan pɔtee a wɔfaa so de kɔmaa wo. Kyerɛw da ne bere pɔtee a wo nsa kaa krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no, sɛ ebia wɔde maa wo ankasa anaasɛ wogyaw wɔ wo nkrataa adaka mu/wɔnam email so de kɔmaa wo, ne sɛ ebia wɔde Adansefo Ka ne Akwansin a Wobɛhwehwɛ abata ho no to krataa a ɛyɛ soronko so (ɛnyɛ mfitiase krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no ankasa). Ɔsom a ɛmfata anaasɛ adansefo ho ka a wɔyera yɛ nneɛma atitiriw a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban wɔ nhyehyɛe mu.
4. Kyenda nna a ɛho hia ABIEN no: Da a Wɔde Di Dwuma NE Nnafua 14 a Wɔkasa tia. Wɔ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) (ne mmara a ɛne no di nsɛ wɔ aman dodow no ara mu) ase no, sɛ civil subpoena hyɛ wo sɛ fa nkrataa, nsɛm a wɔde asie wɔ kɔmputa so, anaa nneɛma a wotumi hu kyerɛ a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode Asɛm a Wɔakyerɛw wɔ mmaranimfoɔ a ɔde maeɛ no so wɔ kalenda nnafua 14 mu wɔ berɛ a wɔde krataa a wɔde frɛ no no ama akyi (anaasɛ ansa na da a wɔakyerɛ wɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ no no so no adu, deɛ ɛyɛ kan). Sɛ wopa nnafua 14 mfɛnsere no a, ebetumi ama woagyae hokwan a wowɔ sɛ wokasa tia no.
5. Hwɛ sɛ w’adwumawura, adwumayɛfoɔ asodie insurance, anaa afiewuranom nhyehyɛeɛ ma mmaranimfoɔ a ɔmfa hwee nto mu anaa. Sɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no fa biribi a wodii adanseɛ, wokyerɛwee, anaa woyɛeɛ wɔ adwumam ho wɔ ɔkwan biara so a, bɔ w’adwumawura General Counsel / Legal Department anaa HR amanneɛ ntɛm ara; nnwumakuw taa de wɔn ankasa nnwumakuw afotu ma de gyina mprempren ne kan adwumayɛfo ananmu wɔ nsɛm a wɔde bɛto gua a wontua hwee. Sɛ ɛfa wo adwumayɛ tumi krataa (aduruyɛ, ayarehwɛ, ayaresa, akontaabu, adan ne afie) anaa w’ankasa akwanhyia ho a, frɛ wo Malpractice / Professional Liability anaa Homeowners / Auto Insurance carrier no ntɛm ara.
6. Mfrɛ mmaranimfo a ɔde ma no da sɛ "ɔnkyerɛkyerɛ biribiara mu" off the record. Mmaranimfo a wɔde subpoena ma no taa ka kyerɛ adansefo sɛ: "Ma me simma 10 telefon so frɛ ntɛmntɛm kɛkɛ na ka nea wunim nkyerɛ me, anaasɛ fa email mena me saa kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow no nnɛ, na ebia metumi atwa wo deposition no mu." Hwɛ yiye: biribiara a wobɛka akyerɛ mmaranimfo no wɔ telefon so no, wobetumi de adi dwuma atia wo, na ɛntaa mma sɛ ɛbɛma woafi adansedi mu sɛ nea woka no boa wɔn asɛm no a. Ma nkitahodi a edi kan no nyinaa ntwe adwene si nhyehyɛe ne nhyehyɛe ho nhyehyɛe so denneennen, anaasɛ ma mmaranimfo nkasa mma wo.

Subpoena ne summons triage gyinaesi dua¶

flowchart TD
    Root["Served with a Subpoena or Court Order"]
    SubType{"What type of subpoena did you receive?"}
    TestifyOnly["Subpoena Ad Testificandum:<br/>Commands you to appear in person<br/>to testify at a Deposition, Hearing, or Trial"]
    DocsOnly["Subpoena Duces Tecum (Records Only):<br/>Commands you to produce documents,<br/>emails, texts, or business records"]
    Both["Combined Deposition + Document Subpoena:<br/>Commands both testimony AND documents"]
    CrimGrand["Criminal / Grand Jury / Agency Subpoena:<br/>Issued by a Prosecutor, Grand Jury, SEC,<br/>DOJ, or Criminal Defense Lawyer"]

    CheckService["1. Verify valid personal service + Witness Fee check<br/>2. Check 100-Mile (160 km) Geographic Limit (FRCP 45)<br/>3. Check if you have scheduling conflicts"]
    NegotiateDate["Contact issuing counsel in writing to:<br/>1. Reschedule deposition to a mutually convenient date<br/>2. Convert to remote Zoom deposition, OR<br/>3. Place you 'On Call' (2-hr telephone notice) for trial"]

    Freeze14["Serve Written Rule 45(d)(2)(B) Objections<br/>BEFORE the earlier of 14 days after service<br/>or the compliance date"]
    AutoStay["Effect of Timely Written Objection:<br/>Obligation to produce documents is AUTOMATICALLY<br/>STAYED unless issuing lawyer wins a Court Order"]

    CrimCheck{"Could your testimony or records<br/>incriminate you in any crime, tax issue,<br/>or regulatory violation?"}
    ConsultCrim["Consult a Criminal Defense Attorney IMMEDIATELY:<br/>1. Determine if you are a 'Target', 'Subject', or 'Witness'<br/>2. Assert 5th Amendment Act-of-Production / Testimony Privilege<br/>3. Demand Statutory Immunity before testifying"]

    Root --> SubType
    SubType -->|Testimony Only| TestifyOnly
    SubType -->|Documents Only| DocsOnly
    SubType -->|Testimony + Docs| Both
    SubType -->|Criminal / Grand Jury| CrimGrand

    TestifyOnly --> CheckService
    CheckService --> NegotiateDate

    DocsOnly --> Freeze14
    Both --> Freeze14
    Freeze14 --> AutoStay
    Both --> CheckService

    CrimGrand --> CrimCheck
    CrimCheck -->|Yes or Unsure| ConsultCrim
    CrimCheck -->|Pure Bystander Witness| CheckService

Nkrataa ahorow 4 a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛɛ ase no a wɔbɛkyerɛ¶

Hwɛ krataa no asɛmti, asɛnnibea a wɔakyerɛw din wɔ atifi hɔ, ne nsaano nkyerɛwee a ɛwɔ ase no yiye na woahu tumi a egyina krataa a wɔde frɛɛ obi no akyi:

5 nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ahorow a ɛma ɔmanfo frɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo no yɛ nea enni mu anaasɛ wontumi mfa nni dwuma¶

Ansa na wobɛsɛe bere anaa sika de adi ɔmanfo krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a ɛyɛ adesoa no so no, hwɛ sɛ ebia mmaranimfo a ɔde mae no buu saa mmara anum a ɛyɛ ahyɛde a ɛfa asɛnnibea ho wɔ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45 (ne ɔman mmara a ɛte saa ara) ase anaa:

1. Ɔkwan a Ɛmfata a Wɔfa so Yɛ Ɔsom (Wɔhwehwɛ sɛ Wɔde Ankorankoro De Ma): Wɔ FRCP Mmara 45(b)(1) ne mmara a ɛwɔ U.S. aman dodow no ara mu ase no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfã biara no **de kɔma ɔdansefo a wɔabobɔ ne din no ankasa. Sɛ wode civil subpoena bɛhyɛ wo pon ase, wode teyp bɛto wo abrannaa so, agyaw no wɔ atrae a wɔde mena nkrataa mu, anaasɛ wode email bɛmena a wunnyaa wo kwan sɛ wobɛgye ɛlɛtrɔnik dwumadie atom a, ɛyɛ adwuma a ɛtɔ sin wɔ mmara kwan so wɔ tumidi dodoɔ no ara mu (gye sɛ ɔtemmufoɔ bi de ahyɛdeɛ pɔtee bi ahyɛ mu a ɛma kwan ma wɔde dwumadie foforɔ di dwuma).
2. Sɛ woantumi amfa Adansefoɔ Ka ne Akwansin a Wɔde Hwɛ Ahyɛdeɛ no Tender: Sɛ civil subpoena hyɛ wo ankorankoro kɔ wɔ deposition, asɛnnibea, anaa asɛnnibea a, Mmara 45(b)(1) hwehwɛ sɛ server no de check anaa sika bɛma wo bere koro mu de agye da koro mmara kwan so akɔhwɛ ho ka (40 USD da biara wɔ federal court, ne round-trip akwansin a wɔafa so wɔ aban GSA boɔ a ɛyɛ 0.67 USD wɔ akwansin biara mu / 0.42 USD wɔ kilomita biara mu fi 5 kɔsi 35 USD a wɔde akwansin a wɔafa so aka ho). Wɔ federal case law ase no, adansedi krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfã biara a wɔmfa adansedi ne akwansin ho ka a ɛyɛ ahyɛde no mma no yɛ ɛnyɛ adwuma wɔ n’anim. (Hyɛ no nsow: wɔnhwehwɛ adansefo ho ka wɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a wɔde kyerɛwtohɔ nkutoo na ɛhyɛ wo sɛ wobɛkɔ ankasa, anaasɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ho krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a egyina aban anaa nsɛmmɔnedifo a onni hia a wɔde no akɔ asɛnnibea ananmu.)
3. Wɔabu 100-Mile (160-Kilometer) Geographic Limit so: Wɔ FRCP Mmara 45©(1)(A) ase no, federal subpoena betumi ahyɛ ɔdansefo a ɔnyɛ ɔfã biara sɛ ɔnkɔ asɛnnibea, asɛnnibea, anaa n’ankasa asɛm a wɔde bɛkɔ asɛnnibea wɔ beae a wɔ akwansin 100 (kilomita 160) fi baabi a ɔdansefo no te, wɔ nkutoo ɔyɛ adwuma, anaasɛ ɔtaa di adwuma ankasa (anaasɛ ɔdansefo no kurom mantam mu sɛ ɔdansefo no yɛ ɔfã/ɔpanyin anaasɛ ɔrenbɔ ka kɛse wɔ ɔman no nyinaa mu asɛnni ho a). Sɛ mmaranimfo bi a ofi ɔman no mu de krataa a wɔde frɛ wo ma wo a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wode wimhyɛn anaa wode kar twa kilomita 400 (akwansin 250) kɔ wɔn adwumayɛbea hɔ kɔpɛ sɛ wode wo ho to so a, ɛsɛ sɛ asɛnnibea no twa anaa sesa krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no wɔ Mmara 45(d)(3)(A)(ii) ase, anaasɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mmaranimfo no yɛ wo asɛm no wɔ mpɔtam hɔ anaasɛ ɛnam remote video (Zoom) so.
4. Bere a ntease nnim a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi so (Short-Notice Ambush): Wɔ Mmara 45(d)(3)(A)(i) ase no, ɛsɛ sɛ asɛnnibea twa anaasɛ ɛsakra krataa a wɔde frɛ obi a "entumi mma bere a ɛfata sɛ wodi so." Ɔman ne ɔman asennibea dodow no ara kyerɛkyerɛ "bere a ntease wom" mu ma krataa a wɔde frɛ obi anaasɛ ɛnyɛ ɔfã de a wɔde bɛto gua sɛ ** wɔ anyɛ yiye koraa no kalenda nnafua 14 kosi 30** (na aman bi, te sɛ California wɔ CCP Ɔfa 2020.410 ase no, hwehwɛ sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no nnafua 15 kosi 20 wɔ ɔsom akyi ma adwumayɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ). Krataa a wɔde frɛ obi Dwoda a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔyɛ mfe du kyerɛwtohɔ Fida anɔpa no ankasa nyɛ nea ntease nnim.
5. Aman ntam Fie a Wɔnni (Out-of-State State Court Subpoena): Ɔman asɛnnibea temmufoɔ anaa mmaranimfoɔ a ɔwɔ Mantam A (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, New York anaa Texas) wɔ mmara mu tumi biara sɛ ɔde Ɔman A asɛnnibea krataa a wɔde frɛ obi bɛmena anaa ɔde bɛmena obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfa biara a ɔte Ɔman B (sɛ nhwɛsoɔ no, Florida anaa California) tẽẽ. Wɔ Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (UIDDA) (a U.S. aman bɛboro 45 agye atom) ase no, ɛsɛ sɛ mmaranimfo a ɔwɔ ɔman no akyi di kan de wɔn krataa a wɔde frɛ obi kɔ Asɛnnibea Ɔkyerɛwfo a ɔwɔ WO kurom mantam ne mantam mu no kɔma wɔde no fie wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so na wɔsan de ma sɛ mpɔtam hɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ obi fi wo kurom asɛnnibea. Ɔmanfoɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfoɔ a ɛnyɛ ɔman no akyi no nni mmara mu tumi biara wɔ ɔman no ntam.

Sɛnea wobegyae Document Subpoena wɔ ne tracks mu: Nnafua 14 Krataa a Wɔakyerɛw a Ɛkasa Tia¶

Sɛ wɔde civil Subpoena Duces Tecum (anaasɛ deposition + records subpoena a wɔaka abom) a ɛhwehwɛ nkrataa, email, nsɛm, anaa kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛtrɛw dodo, ɛyɛ hu, kokoamsɛm, anaasɛ ne bo yɛ den sɛ wobɛboaboa ano ma wo a, ƐNSƐ sɛ wode Motion to Quash a ne bo yɛ den kɔ asɛnnibea kan.

Wɔ Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) (ne ɔman no mu nea ɛne no sɛ) ase no, ɔdansefo a ɔnyɛ ɔfã bi betumi de Written Objection Letter amena anaasɛ ɔde email akɔma mmaranimfo a ɔde krataa a wɔde frɛ no no ansa na bere a wɔakyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma no ntɛm ANAA nnafua 14 akyi wɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ no no akyi.

Nea enti a Written Objections a wɔsom no wɔ tumi kɛse¶

Bere a wode wo Written Objections bɛsom mmaranimfo a ɔde ma no wɔ bere ano no: - W'asɛdeɛ sɛ wode nkrataa a akyinnyegyeɛ wɔ ho no bɛba no yɛ AUTOMATICALLY FROZEN (STAYED). - Wɔrentumi mmu wo animtiaa sɛ wode nkrataa a wɔkasa tia no asie. - Adesoa no dan ɔha biara mu nkyem 100 kɔ mmaranifo a ɔde mae no so sɛ obegyae adesrɛ no, ɔne wo ayɛ nkitahodi ketewaa bi, anaasɛ ɔmfa wɔn a wɔrehwehwɛ no no sika de Motion to Compel a ɛyɛ mmara kwan so nkɔma ɔtemmufo no, baabi a mmara no hwehwɛ sɛ ɔtemmufo no bɔ wo ho ban, sɛ obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfã biara, fi "ɛka a ɛho hia a efi mmara sodi mu ba" (Mandatory Cost-Shifting under Rule 45(d)(2)(B)(ii)).

Nhwɛsoɔ Mmara 45(d)(2)(B) Nsɛm a Wɔakyerɛw a Wɔkasa tia wɔ Subpoena Duces Tecum¶

Fa krataa yi fa email AND Certified Mail with Return Receipt Requested so kɔma mmaranimfo a wɔakyerɛw ne din wɔ subpoena no so wɔ kalenda nnafua 14 a wode bɛyɛ adwuma (ne ansa na da a wobedi so no adu):

Asɛmti: Ɔkasatia a Wɔakyerɛw wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so Sɛnea Mmara 45(d)(2)(B) a ɛfa Subpoena Duces Tecum ho kyerɛ no: [Fa Asɛm no Din ne Asɛm no nɔma hyɛ mu]

Ɔdɔfo [Mmaranimfo a Ɔde Ma no Din], .

Sɛnea [Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 45(d)(2)(B) / Applicable State Rule] kyerɛ no, non-party [Wo Din Nyinaa anaa Adwumakuw Din] nam eyi so de saa Wɔkyerɛw a wɔkasa tia yi a ɛyɛ ne bere mu de ma wɔ Subpoena a wɔde ma sɛ wɔmfa Nwoma, Nsɛm, anaa Nneɛma a wɔde mae wɔ [Date of Service] a wɔaka sɛ wobedi so no ho dwuma of [Da a Wɔde Di Dwuma].

Nsɛm a Wɔkasa tia wɔ Nwoma Abisadeɛ Ho: 1. Adesoa ne Ka a Ɛmfata wɔ Obi a Ɔnyɛ Ɔfã so (Mmara 45(d)(1) & (d)(3)(A)(iv)): Sɛ́ obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfã wɔ saa asɛm yi mu no, [Wo Din] kasa tia Abisade a Ɛto so [1 kosi X] sɛ ɛtrɛw dodo, ɛyɛ adesoa a ɛnsɛ, na ɛne asɛm no ahiade nhyia, sɛnea ɛte no hwehwɛ "nkitahodi, nkrataa, anaa kyerɛwtohɔ nyinaa" wɔ mfe pii mu a asɛmti anaa da anohyeto a ntease nni mu. Sɛnea Mmara 45(d)(2)(B)(ii) kyerɛ no, sɛ awiei koraa no wɔhyɛ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ biribiara a, [Wo Din] hwehwɛ sɛ wɔsesa ɛka a ɛyɛ ahyɛde na wodi kan tua bere a ɛfata, IT a woyi fi mu, mfoniniyɛ, ne mmara mu nhwehwɛmu ho ka a ɛho hia na ama wɔadi so nyinaa. 2. Bere a Ɛnnɔɔso sɛ Wobedi So (Mmara 45(d)(3)(A)(i)): [Wo Din] kasa tia krataa a wɔde frɛ obi kɔ no kɔsi baabi a ɛmma bere a ɛfata mfa nhwehwɛ, nhwɛ mu, na wɔmfa mmuaeɛ nhwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔabisa no mu. 3. Mmaranimfoɔ-Adetɔfoɔ Hokwan, Adwuma-Adeyɛ, ne Mmara mu Ahintasɛm (Mmara 45(d)(3)(A)(iii)): [Wo Din] kasa tia krataa a wɔde frɛ obi no kɔsi baabi a ɛhwehwɛ nsɛm a mmaranimfoɔ-afɛfoɔ hokwan, adwuma-afiri nkyerɛkyerɛ, mmara kwan so kokoamsɛm hokwan ahodoɔ, abɔ ho ban, [HIPAA / FERPA / sikasɛm mu kokoamsɛm / aguadi ahintasɛm] ahobammɔ, anaa kokoam nsɛm a ɛfa nnipa foforo ho bere a tumi krataa a wɔde wɔn nsa ahyɛ ase anaa Ahobammɔ Ahyɛde biara nni hɔ. 4. Adwumayɛ mu Mfomsoɔ a Ɛwɔ Ɔsom mu: [Sɛ ɛfata a: Fa ɔsɔretia ka ho wɔ ankorankoro som a wɔnyɛ, adansefoɔ/akwansin ho ka a wɔantumi amfa mmara kwan so, anaasɛ wɔabu akwansin 100 anohyetoɔ a ɛwɔ Mmara 45© ase no so].

Sɛnea Mmara 45(d)(2)(B) kyerɛ no, egyina saa nsɛm a wɔkyerɛwee wɔ bere a ɛsɛ mu yi so no, wɔremfa nkrataa biara mma a apam a wɔakyerɛw a ɛbɛtew nea ɛkɔ so no so na wɔatua ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ mmara sodi ho, anaa asɛnnibea ahyɛde biara nni hɔ. Nanso, mewɔ hɔ sɛ behyia na mabɔ nkɔmmɔ wɔ telefon so wɔ [Date/Time] de asusuw ho sɛ ebia nhyehyɛe anaa ntam krataa a wɔayɛ no teateaa, a ɛnyɛ adesoa betumi adi w’ahiade ho dwuma a asɛnnibea mfa ne ho nnye mu anaa.

Yɛde nokwaredi, . [Wo nsaano nkyerɛwee, Edin a wɔatintim, Address a wode mena, Email, ne telefon nɔma]

Na sɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no hyɛ wo Adanse a ɛte ase nso ɛ? (Nsɛm a Wɔde Kɔma Wɔn a Wɔbɛpopa vs. Nkitahodi)¶

Nsonsonoe titiriw: Sɛ wode nnafua 14 Kyerɛw Ɔkasatia krataa ma wɔ Mmara 45(d)(2)(B) ase a, ɛma nkrataa a wɔyɛ no yɛ nwini ara kwa, nanso wɔ asennibea pii mu no, ɛnyɛ wo kyɛw ara sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔma deposition anaa asɛnni adansedi sɛ wɔannya gyinaesi biara ansa na da a wɔde bɛkɔ asɛnnibea no adu a. Sɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo hyɛ wo sɛ wɔmfa adanse a ɛte ase mma a:

1. Frɛ anaa email mmaranimfo a ɔde ma no di kan na di nkitaho Date, Format, anaa "On-Call" Status:
2. For a Deposition: Mmaranimfo paw da a wɔpɛ bere a wɔkyerɛw deposition subpoena no. Sɛ wowɔ adwuma, mmofra hwɛ, aduruyɛ, anaa akwantuo mu ntawntawdie a, fa email mena mmaranimfoɔ no ntɛm ara sɛ wode nna foforɔ 3 adapɛn 2 kɔsi 4 a wobɛfiri mu ama, na bisa wɔn sɛ wɔnkyerɛw nhyɛ sɛ wɔnyɛ deposition no denam Zoom / Remote Video so sɛdeɛ ɛbɛyɛ a ɛho renhia sɛ wobɛtu kwan. Bere nyinaa nya date nsakrae anaa cancellation biara wɔ nkyerɛwee mu (email confirmation), mfa wo ho nto bɔhyɛ a wɔde ano ka sɛ wɔtwee deposition bi too nkyɛn so da.
3. Wɔ Asɛnnibea Asɛnnibea: Asɛnnibea a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo no kyerɛw "Day 1 of Trial at 9:00 AM" bere nyinaa, ɛwom mpo sɛ ebia mmaranimfo no remfrɛ wo ankasa mma adansedi gyinabea hɔ kosi Dwoda awia de. Email mmaranimfo no na bisa sɛ wɔmfa wo nkɔ "On-Call / Standby Agreement", baabi a wokyerɛw si so dua sɛ wɔayi wo ano sɛ wobɛtena asɛnnibea dan no kwan so wɔ Da a edi kan no na woapene so sɛ wobɛkɔ asɛnnibea dan no mu wɔ ** nnɔnhwerew 2 kosi 4 akyi bere a woanya telefon so frɛ anaa text** bere a wo bere a wode bedi adanse no adu ankasa no.
4. Bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wode "Motion to Quash or Modify Subpoena" (Mmara 45(d)(3)): Sɛ mmaranimfo a ɔde ma no pow sɛ ɔbɛsan ahyɛ da a entumi nyɛ yiye a wɔde bɛto obi so, hwehwɛ adanse a ɛto akwansin 100 mmara no so, anaasɛ ɔhwehwɛ adanse a hokwan wom (te sɛ nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔfo fibea, ɔyaresafo bi ayarefo nhyiam, ɔhokafo bi awareɛ mu nkitahodiɛ a ɛyɛ kokoamsɛm, anaa nsɛmmɔnedifoɔ bi a wɔde wɔn ani asi no so no Fifth Amendment hokwan), ɛsɛ sɛ wode Motion to Quash Subpoena ne/anaa Motion for Protective Order kɔ asɛnnibea ansa na da a wɔahyɛ sɛ wobɛdi adanseɛ no adu.

Nkwa a Wobɛte Ase wɔ Deposition anaa Asɛnnibea Adansedi mu: Mmara Sikakɔkɔɔ 7 a Wɔde Ma Adansefo¶

Sɛ wokɔ ampa sɛ wobɛkɔ akɔma wo adansedi krataa anaa asɛnnibea adansedi a, di asɛnnibea mmara ason yi a asɛnnibea mmaranimfo de di dwuma de bɔ adansefo ho ban fi afiri ho no akyi:

1. Ka nokware koraa 100% (Atoro adansedi yɛ bɔne, bere a nokwasɛm bɔne ntaa mpira obi a ɔnyɛ apontow): Mma ntra so da, nnyɛ nokware no sunsuma, anaasɛ nsusuw sɛ wobɛboa w’adamfo anaa adwumawura bi. Sɛ obi di atoro wɔ ntam a ɛfa honam fam nokwasɛm bi ho a, ɛyɛ bɔne Atoro adansedi (18 U.S.C. Ɔfã 1621).
2. Tie asɛmmisa no nyinaa, gyina simma 2 a edi mũ, na bua asɛmmisa pɔtee a wobisae no NKUTOO: Mfa wo ho nhyɛ akyi nsɛm foforo, nkyerɛkyerɛmu, anaa nsusuwii ahorow mu. Sɛ mmaranimfo no bisa sɛ, "Wonim bere a nhyiam no fii ase?" mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware no yɛ "Yiw" anaa "Dabi" kɛkɛ, ɛnyɛ simma 5 kasa a ɛfa nea esii wɔ nhyiam no ase ho. Sɛ wogyina hɔ sikani mmienu ansa na woakasa a, ɛno nso ma mmaranimfo biara a ɔwɔ dan no mu nya bere a ɔde bɛka Asɔretia wɔ kyerɛwtohɔ no so.
3. "Minnim" ne "Me nkae" yɛ mmuae a ɛfata koraa, ɛyɛ nokware: Nsusuw, nsusuw ho, anaa nsusuw akwansin, ahoɔhare, nna, anaa nkɔmmɔbɔ pɔtee ho da sɛ wunnye nni a. Sɛ woankae sɛ wɔde email bi kɔmaa wo wɔ March anaa April mu a, ka no pefee sɛ: "Menkae da pɔtee no a manhwɛ krataa no."
4. Nka krataa bi ho asɛm da kosi sɛ mmaranimfo no de bɛhyɛ wo nsa na woakenkan kratafa no nyinaa: Sɛ mmaranimfo bi a ɔretu no bisa sɛ, "So woankyerɛw wɔ wo June 12 email mu sɛ breki no abubu?" bua brɛoo sɛ: "Mesrɛ wo kyerɛ me June 12 email a woreka ho asɛm no sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a metumi akenkan no wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa ho mu ansa na mabua."
5. Hwɛ yie wɔ "So wo ne obi kasae sɛ wobɛsiesie wo ho ama nnɛ?" trap: Mmaranimfo a wɔsɔre tia no bisa bere nyinaa onii a wo ne no kasae ne nkrataa bɛn na wohwɛɛ mu de siesiee wo ho maa wo deposition. Adɛn? Wɔ Federal Rule of Evidence 612 ase no, sɛ wohwɛ kokoam nkyerɛwde nhoma anaa krataa pɔtee bi mu de ma wo nkae foforo ma w’adansedi a, mmaranimfo a ɔsɔre tia no betumi ahwehwɛ sɛ obehu na wayɛ saa krataa no ho mfonini (gye sɛ ɛyɛ mmaranimfo ne adetɔfo nkitahodi a wɔabɔ ho ban). Mfa w’ankasa nsɛm a woakyerɛw, da biara da nsɛm, anaa telefon mmra adansedi gyinabea hɔ da gye sɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo no hyɛe pɔtee sɛ wɔmfa mma.
6. Hu bere a ɛsɛ sɛ wode wo Fifth Amendment Privilege tia Self-Incrimination: Wɔ ɔmanfo mmara mu asɛm, awaregyae asɛm, anaa administrative deposition mu mpo no, wokura wo mmara mu Fifth Amendment hokwan a edi mũ a wode bɛpow sɛ wubebua asɛmmisa biara baabi a mmuae a ɛyɛ nokware betumi ama "link in the chain of evidence" a ɛtaa bɔ wo sobo wɔ federal anaa state nsɛmmɔnedi biara mu (te sɛ sɛ towtua mu nsisi, dwumadi a wonni tumi krataa, nnubɔne a wɔde di dwuma, ɔtow a wɔtow hyɛ obi so, anaa PPP/adwuma a wonnya nyɛ ho nsisi). Nea ɛnte sɛ nsɛmmɔnedifo a wɔde no akɔ asɛnnibea (a obetumi apow sɛ obegye adansedi gyinabea koraa) no, ɛsɛ sɛ ɔmanfo dansefo a wɔafrɛ no no tra ase, ka wɔn din, tie ankorankoro asɛmmisa biara, na ɔde hokwan no frɛ asɛmmisa biara: "Wɔ afotufo afotu so no, mede obu frɛ me Nsakrae a Ɛto so Anum hokwan a mewɔ tia me ho a mɛbɔ no sobo na mepow sɛ mɛma mmuae."
7. So w’adwumawura betumi ayi wo afi adwumam esiane sɛ woayera adwuma de ayɛ osetie krataa a wɔde frɛ wo nti? Wɔ U.S. aman dodow no ara mu, Canada, UK, ne Australia no, ɛyɛ mmara kwan koraa wɔ ɔman adansefo ahobammɔ ne ɔmanfo nhyehyɛe ho mmara ase sɛ adwumawura bi beyi odwumayɛni bi afi adwumam, abrɛ no ase, ateɛteɛ no so, anaa obehunahuna no esiane sɛ wagye n’ahome wɔ adwumam de adi krataa a ɛfata **asɛnnibea anaasɛ ɔde ne ho bɛto afiase ** . (titiriw nsɛmmɔnedifo, ofie basabasayɛ, anaa asɛnnibea krataa a wɔde frɛ obi foforo), sɛ wodi kan de krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no bi ma w’adwumawura bere a wo nsa aka ara pɛ a.

Wiase nyinaa mmara a ɛfa Adansefo a Wɔfrɛ Wɔn ne Wɔn a Wɔfrɛ Wɔn (UK, Canada, Australia) .¶

• United Kingdom (Witness Summons under CPR Part 34 & Criminal Procedure Rules): Wɔ England ne Wales no, wɔde Witness Summons (Form N20 wɔ aban nsɛm mu) asi asɛmfua "subpoena" ananmu. Wɔ Ɔmanfoɔ Mmara 34.5 ne 34.6 ase no, Ɔdansefoɔ Frɛ a wɔde bɛfrɛ obi no yɛ nea ɛkyekyere sɛ wɔde ma anyɛ yie koraa no nnafua 7 ansa na da a ɛsɛ sɛ ɔdanseni no kɔ hɔ (gye sɛ ɔtemmufoɔ bi hyɛ pɔtee sɛ wɔmmɔ amanneɛ tiawa) NA ɔfa a ɔresom no de Abrabɔ Sika (akwantuo ho ka a ɛfata a wɔde kɔ asɛnnibea ne ba a wɔde mmara kwan so akatua ka ho esiane bere a wɔhwere nti). Sɛ wɔde Adansefoɔ Frɛ krataa ma wo a anyɛ yie koraa no wɔmmɔ wo amanneɛ nnafua 7, a wonni Abrabɔ Sika, anaasɛ wɔhwehwɛ nkrataa a ɛwɔ hokwan/a ɛho nhia a, wobɛtumi abisa asɛnnibea no wɔ CPR 34.3(4) ase sɛ wɔmma Adansefoɔ Frɛ no nto nkyɛn anaa wɔsesa.
• Canada (Summons to Witness / Subpoena under Provincial Rules & Criminal Code): Wɔ Canada ɔmanfoɔ nsɛm mu (te sɛ Mmara 53.04 / Mmara 34.04 a ɛwɔ Ontario Rules of Civil Procedure), Summons to Witness (Form 53A) nyɛ adwuma koraa na wɔrentumi mfa bench warrant nni dwuma gye sɛ server no ankasa mfa nni dwuma de krataa a wɔde frɛ wo no ma wo ne Attendance Money (a wɔabu ho akontaa wɔ Tariff A ase: mpɛn pii no 50 CAD da biara ne akwantuo ho sika a wɔahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa mma no). Sɛ krataa a wɔde frɛ obi no yɛ ayayade, ɛhyɛ nkurɔfo so, anaasɛ ɛhwehwɛ kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛho nhia fi obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfã bi hɔ a, wubetumi de nsusuwii bi aba sɛ wotwa ɔfrɛ no mu. Wɔ Canada nsɛmmɔnedi ho nsɛm mu (Nsɛmmɔnedi Mmara Ɔfã 698 kosi 708), Subpoena nhwehwɛ sɛ wɔmfa sika biara mma mpɔtam hɔ adansefo a wɔbɛba na sɛ wobu ani gu so a, ɛde Material Witness Warrant kɔ.
• Australia (Subpoena to Attend to Give Evidence / Subpoena to Produce): Wɔ Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (UCPR Part 33) ne Federal Court Rules a ɛwɔ Australia nyinaa ase no, subpoena nni mmara mu nkɛntɛnsoɔ biara gye sɛ wɔde ma wɔ anaa ansa na "Last Day for Service" a wɔatintim no pefee wɔ subpoena no anim, NE issuing party tenders Conduct Money a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛtumi adi w’akwantuo ne dabere ho ka a ɛfata. Bio nso, sɛ Subpoena to Produce Documents a, ɛwɔ mmara kwan so asɛdeɛ wɔ ɔfa a ɔde maeɛ no so wɔ UCPR Mmara 33.11 ase sɛ ɔtua obi a ɔnyɛ ɔfa no adehwereɛ anaa ɛka a ɛfata a ɔbɔeɛ wɔ krataa a wɔde frɛ no no so (a adwumayɛfoɔ berɛ, IT hwehwɛ, mfoninitwa ho ka, ne mmara mu afotuo a ɛfa hokwan ho ka ho). Wubetumi abisa Ɔkyerɛwfo anaa Asɛnnibea no sɛ wɔmfa krataa a wɔde frɛ nkurɔfo no nto nkyɛn wɔ ne nyinaa anaa ne fã bi sɛ ɛyɛ "mpataayi akwantu," nhyɛso, anaasɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔde di dwuma ɔkwammɔne so a.

Nsɛm a wɔtaa bisa¶

Sources a wɔhwɛɛ mu¶

• United States Courts & Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 45 (Subpoena: Service, 100-Mile Geographic Limits, Nnafua 14 a Wɔakyerɛw a Wɔkasa tia, Subpoena a Wɔpopa anaasɛ Wɔsesa, ne Non-Party Cost Shifting), Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 17, ne Form AO 88 / AO 88A / AO 88B.
• United States Mmara: 28 U.S.C. Ɔfã 1821 (Adansefo a Wɔba Daa Da ne Akwansin a Wɔde Tua wɔ Ɔman Asɛnnibea ahorow) ne 18 U.S.C. Ɔfa 1512 / 1519 (Asiw ne Kyerɛwtohɔ a Wɔsɛe no wɔ Ɔman Nhwehwɛmu mu).
• Uniform Law Commission (United States): Uniform Interstate Depositions and Discovery Act (UIDDA) Mmara Gyinabea ne Ɔman no akyi Subpoena Domestication Procedures.
• Ministry of Justice (United Kingdom): Ɔmanfoɔ Mmara (CPR) Ɔfa 34 (Adansefoɔ, Nsɛm a Wɔka, Adansefoɔ a Wɔfrɛ Wɔn, Nnafua 7 Ɔsom Mmara, ne Abrabɔ Ho Sika) ne Adeyɛ Akwankyerɛ 34A.
• Ontario Ministry of the Attorney General (Canada): Mmara a ɛfa Ɔmanfoɔ Asɛnnibea Mmara 34.04 & Mmara 53.04 (Mmara a wɔde frɛ obi sɛ ɔnyɛ Ɔdansefoɔ, Tariff A Attendance Sika a Wɔhwehwɛ, ne Motions to Quash).
• Federal Court of Australia & NSW Uniform Civil Procedure Rules (Australia): UCPR Ɔfa 33 (Nneɛma a Wɔde Kɔma Wɔn: Sika a Wɔyɛ, Da a Etwa To a Wɔde Yɛ Ɔsom, Ka a Wɔbɔ wɔ Mmara a Wɔdi So wɔ Mmara 33.11 ase, ne Nsɛm a Wɔde Kɔma Wɔn a Wɔde To nkyɛn).

Akwankyerɛ ahorow a ɛfa ho¶

• Wɔde ɔmanfo asɛm a wɔde kɔdan aban
• Wɔabɔ no sobo sɛ wayɛ nsɛmmɔnedi ne nsɛmmɔnedifo ho banbɔ
• Ahyɛde ahorow a wɔde siw kwan, ahyɛde ahorow a wɔde bɔ wɔn ho ban, ne ahyɛde ahorow a wɔde siw kwan a egye ntɛmpɛ
• Adwumam ahobanbɔ ho asiane ne hokwan ahorow a obi a ɔde amanneɛbɔ ma no ho amanneɛbɔ