Escalator entrapment ati gbigbe awọn pajawiri walkway¶
Awọn nọmba pajawiri yato nipasẹ orilẹ-ede. Oju-iwe yii nlo 911, nọmba fun Amẹrika ati Kanada. Ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede miiran lo 112, 999, tabi nọmba miiran. Wa nọmba fun orilẹ-ede rẹ.
Awọn olutọpa ati awọn opopona gbigbe (awọn ọna opopona) jẹ awọn gbigbe pq ile-iṣẹ ti o wuwo ti n ṣiṣẹ inu awọn ile itaja, awọn ibudo alaja, awọn papa ọkọ ofurufu, ati awọn papa iṣere. Ti a ṣe nipasẹ awọn mọto ina mọnamọna giga ti o wa lati 7.5 si 30 kilowatts (10 si 40 horsepower) papọ nipasẹ awọn awakọ idinku-jia, pẹtẹẹsì gbigbe kan jẹ iṣelọpọ lati fa awọn dosinni ti awọn toonu ti iwuwo ero eniyan ni nigbakannaa laisi fa fifalẹ. Nitoripe a ṣe apẹrẹ mọto awakọ lati ṣetọju iyara igbagbogbo laibikita ẹru ero ero, ẹrọ naa ko le “mọlara” atako ẹsẹ ọmọde kan, didi rọba rirọ, okun bata ti o tẹle, tabi aṣọ gigun ti a fa sinu aafo kan.
Nigbati bata, ika, tabi aṣọ ba ya si inu itọsi yeri ẹgbẹ tabi labẹ awo comb ijade, escalator kan n ṣe bii titẹ ẹrọ rirẹ-ara ti ko duro. Iwalaaye ati itọju ọwọ da lori mimọ ipo anatomical gangan ti pupa ** Bọtini Duro Pajawiri *** ṣaaju ki o to tẹsẹ si ori pẹtẹẹsì, gige tabi yiyọ kuro ninu bata ti o ni idẹkùn ṣaaju ki o to de oke tabi isalẹ ibalẹ comb awo, ati ki o ma ṣe igbiyanju lati pry yato si awọn igbesẹ irin laisi awọn olutapa hydraulic firefighter ni kete ti ọwọ kan ba pin.
Ṣe eyi ni bayi¶
- ** Lu bọtini Iduro Pajawiri pupa ni oke tabi isalẹ ibalẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ ***: Ti bata ẹnikan, aṣọ, stroller, tabi ọwọ mu ninu escalator tabi gbigbe rin, kigbe "Lu bọtini idaduro pupa" si awọn ti o duro ni awọn ibalẹ lakoko ti o nṣiṣẹ lati tẹ funrararẹ.
- **Kilọ fun awọn arinrin-ajo lati ṣe àmúró lori awọn ọna ọwọ ṣaaju titẹ iduro ***: Lilu bọtini idaduro pajawiri ge agbara motor ati mu idaduro ẹrọ ṣiṣẹ, mu pẹtẹẹsì wa si idaduro brisk ti o le gbe awọn ẹlẹṣin duro laiduro siwaju; kigbe "Dimu awọn handrail, idekun escalator" bi o pa bọtini.
- Yọ ẹsẹ rẹ lasan kuro ninu bata ti o ni idẹkùn tabi ge okun bata ti o ya: Ti o ba mu okun bata rẹ, bata, tabi didi rọba rirọ laarin igbesẹ gbigbe ati yeri ẹgbẹ nigba ti o nlọ si ọna ibalẹ, fa ẹsẹ igboro rẹ taara kuro ninu bata tabi rip / ge lace lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki igbesẹ naa de awọn eyin awo comb.
- **Maṣe gbiyanju lati fa ẹsẹ ti o ni idẹkùn jade taara ni kete ti escalator ba duro ***: Ti awọn ika ọwọ, ika ẹsẹ, tabi ohun elo rirọ ba ti gun nisalẹ awo comb tabi inu aafo yeri ẹgbẹ lẹhin ti ẹrọ naa duro, fifa agbara yoo ya awọ ara ati awọn ara (degloving); ṣe atilẹyin ẹsẹ naa duro ki o duro de ina ati imukuro imọ-ẹrọ Igbala.
- **Pe awọn iṣẹ pajawiri ki o beere fun Igbala Eru ati EMS ***: Tẹ nọmba pajawiri ti agbegbe rẹ (911 ni Amẹrika ati Kanada, 112 kọja European Union, 999 ni Ilu Gẹẹsi, tabi wo wa wa). pajawiri awọn nọmba liana) ki o jabo ** idẹkùn ẹrọ escalator ti nṣiṣe lọwọ ** nitorinaa awọn onija ina mu awọn kaakiri eefun ati awọn irinṣẹ iho.
- **Maṣe rin sori escalator ti o da duro ti o n ṣe itọju ***: Escalator ti o duro pẹlu awọn itọsẹ igbesẹ ti a yọ kuro tabi idaduro akọkọ ti a ya kuro le lojiji yiyi sẹhin labẹ iwuwo ero-irinna bi irin-irin ti o salọ, sisọ awọn ẹlẹṣin sinu ọfin awakọ irin ti o ṣii.
Ewu rirun awo comb ni oke ati isalẹ ibalẹ
O fẹrẹ to ida ọgọrin 75 ti awọn idẹkun ẹsẹ escalator ti o lagbara ti o bẹrẹ lẹgbẹẹ ẹgbẹ yeri ẹgbẹ lakoko gigun, ṣugbọn awọn iparun ti o buruju julọ ati fifun pa awọn ipalara waye ni iṣẹju diẹ lẹhinna nigbati bata tabi ẹsẹ ti o ni idẹkùn ba de ibi ibalẹ ** awo comb. Ni oke ati isalẹ awọn ibalẹ, awọn grooved aluminiomu igbese flattens jade ati ki o disappears labẹ ohun interlocking kana ti adaduro irin eyin (awọn comb awo). Ti ẹsẹ tabi aṣọ ba tun so mọ bata nigbati o ba de awo abọ, a fa taara sinu aafo apapo 3-si-5-millimita nibiti awọn igbesẹ ti n yipo sinu truss ipadabọ. Nigbagbogbo fa ẹsẹ rẹ lasan kuro ninu bata ti a ti mu nigba ti o wa ni itọsi.
Anatomi Escalator: awọn agbegbe entrapment ẹrọ 4¶
Lílóye ibi ti ati bii awọn escalators ati awọn irin-ajo ti n lọ si pakute bata, ọwọ, ati awọn aṣọ ṣe iranlọwọ fun awọn ẹlẹṣin yago fun awọn ipo ti o ni eewu ati iranlọwọ fun awọn aladuro lati mọ ibiti o ti le mu ipalara kan duro.
| Entrapment Zone | Mechanical Location | Wọpọ Awọn ohun idẹkùn | Aṣoju ifarapa Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|
| **Agbegbe 1: Aafo-si-Skirt Aafo *** (Iyọkuro ẹgbẹ laarin eti igbesẹ gbigbe ati odi ẹgbẹ iduro) | Aafo inaro (ti a fun ni aṣẹ ni 4 mm / 0.16 inches tabi kere si nipasẹ ASME A17.1 ati awọn koodu EN 115) laarin igbesẹ grooved gbigbe ati panẹli irin balustrade yeri iduro. | Fọọmu EVA rirọ/digi resini (gẹgẹbi awọn Crocs), awọn bata orunkun rọba rirọ, awọn bata sneaker ti a wọ, ati awọn ẹsẹ ọmọde ti a tẹ si odi ẹgbẹ. | Olusọdipúpọ giga ti edekoyede laarin rọba rirọ/foomu ati yeri irin iduro ti o fa bata pliable sisale ati inu sinu aafo dín bi igbesẹ ti n kọja. |
| **Agbegbe 2: Comb Plate Teeth *** (Titẹsi oke ati isalẹ/awọn ibalẹ jade) | Awọn igun igun ti awọn eyin irin iduro ti o dapọ sinu awọn iho ti igbesẹ gbigbe si awọn ẹlẹṣin iyipada si ilẹ ti o lagbara. | Awọn okun bata ti a ko tii, awọn aṣọ-ikele maxi gigun, abayas, saris, awọn sikafu, awọn okùn, awọn flip-flops, ati awọn ika ọwọ ti awọn ọmọde ti o ṣubu ni ibi ibalẹ. | Baje tabi sonu comb eyin kuna lati irin ajo awọn microswitch ailewu, iyaworan fabric, lesi, tabi kekere ika nisalẹ awọn ibalẹ awo sinu igbese pq Tan-ni ayika. |
| **Agbegbe 3: Ẹṣọ Inlet Handrail *** (Ipadabọ ipadabọ isalẹ ti ọwọ rọba gbigbe) | Ojuami ni isalẹ ode mimọ ti gilasi tabi irin balustrade ibi ti awọn gbigbe dudu roba handrail yipo pada inu awọn ti abẹnu ile. | Awọn ọmọde ti o ni iyanilenu ti o dimu si abẹlẹ ti ọna afọwọṣe, awọn ẹka ti a sọ silẹ, tabi awọn ọsin ẹran ti a we ni ọwọ ọwọ. | Igbanu roba gbigbe fa awọn ọwọ kekere nipasẹ ẹṣọ fẹlẹ rọba sinu awọn rollers ẹdọfu inu ti microswitch ẹnu ba kuna lati rin irin ajo. |
| Agbegbe 4: Ita Balustrade-si-Eiling Wedge | Ojuami fun pọ onigun mẹta ni ita ti ọna afọwọyi ti nlọ nibiti escalator ti n gòke kọja lẹgbẹẹ pẹtẹẹsì ti o wa nitosi, pẹlẹbẹ ilẹ mezzanine, tabi ọwọn inaro. | Awọn arinrin-ajo ti o fi ara wọn si ori, ejika, tabi awọn apoeyin jade lori eti ọna ọwọ gbigbe lakoko ti wọn n gun oke. | Ọkọ̀ afọwọ́sọ́nà tí ń lọ sókè máa ń gbé orí tàbí yírìrì tí ẹni gùn ún wọ inú onígun mẹ́ta àgbékalẹ̀ dídín láàárín balustrade àti pẹ̀tẹ́lẹ̀ ilẹ̀ kọnkà lókè. |
Kini idi ti awọn foomu rirọ ati awọn bata orunkun rọba rọ jẹ ipalara ti o yatọ¶
Ninu ewadun meji sẹhin, awọn ile-iṣẹ ibalokanjẹ ọmọde ati awọn olutọsọna aabo elevator/escalator ni kariaye ti ṣe akọsilẹ ẹgbẹẹgbẹrun awọn idẹkùn ẹsẹ ti o lagbara ti o kan rirọ, pliable ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam clogs ati awọn bata orunkun rọba rọba tinrin.
Awọn bata imura alawọ lile ati awọn atẹlẹsẹ ere-idaraya iduroṣinṣin ṣetọju apẹrẹ igbekalẹ wọn nigbati wọn fẹlẹ lodi si ogiri yeri irin iduro ti escalator. Ni idakeji, awọn idii foomu rirọ ati awọn bata orunkun rọba tinrin darapọ awọn ohun-ini ti o lewu meji: Iyatọ kan ** olùsọdipúpọ giga ti edekoyede sisun ** lodi si irin (ṣẹda ja kuku ju isokuso) ati ** lile compressive kekere ***. Nigbati ọmọde ba duro ni eti ti o jinna ti igbesẹ kan ti o si fọ ika ẹsẹ tabi ẹgbẹ ti foomu didi lodi si yeri ẹgbẹ ti o duro, ija fa foomu rirọ sẹhin ati sisale, nina ati yiyi rọba tinrin bi iyẹfun sinu aafo kan nikan 3 si 4 millimeters. Nitoripe foomu rọra ni irọrun, o kọja awọn iyipada aabo yiyọ kuro ni yeri titi ti awọn ika ẹsẹ ọmọ yoo fi ṣopọ jinlẹ laarin igbesẹ ti n sọkalẹ ati odi irin.
flowchart TD
Snag["Bata, Lace, Aṣọ, tabi Awọn Snags Limb ni Escalator"] --> Where{"Njẹ Escalator Tun Nlọ?"}
Where -->|"Bẹẹni (Awo Comb ti o sunmọ)"| Button["1. Paruwo lu Bọtini iduro pupa ni oke / Isalẹ ibalẹ"]
Button --> Shed["2. Lẹsẹkẹsẹ Fa Ẹsẹ Igan jade kuro ninu Bata tabi Rip / Ge Aṣọ idẹkùn"]
Shed --> Clear["3. Igbesẹ Lori Awo Comb Lori Ilẹ Ibalẹ Ri to"]
Where -->|"Duro Pẹlu Limb Pinned Inu Gap"| Freeze["1. Olukoni Red Duro bọtini ni kikun ati Post Guard ki Ko si eniti o Tunto"]
Freeze --> NoPull["2. MAA ṢE fa Limb Ni agbara tabi Gbiyanju lati Pry Igbesẹ Pẹlu Crowbars"]
NoPull --> Call["3. Pe Awọn iṣẹ pajawiri (911 / 112 / 999) fun Igbala Eru Ina + EMS"]
Call --> Support["4. Ṣe atilẹyin Iwọn Ẹwọn Idẹpa, Iṣakoso Ẹjẹ Pẹlu Ipa Taara, ati Ibanujẹ Tunu"]
Clear --> CheckInjury{"Eyikeyi Ẹjẹ, Idibajẹ, tabi Irora Fifun pa?"}
CheckInjury -->|"Bẹẹni"| Support
CheckInjury -->|"Rara (Bata Nikan Ti di idẹkùn)"| Notify["Fi Bata idẹkùn silẹ ni Ẹrọ ati Ṣe akiyesi Aabo Ile / Onimọ-ẹrọ"]
Awọn ipo gangan ti Bọtini Duro Pajawiri Pupa¶
Ninu pajawiri escalator, awọn aladuro padanu awọn iṣẹju to ṣe pataki ti n wo ogiri tabi aja fun igbimọ iṣakoso nitori wọn ko mọ ibiti koodu nilo iyipada iduro pajawiri lati gbe. Labẹ mejeeji Ariwa Amẹrika (ASME A17.1 / CSA B44) ati European / International (EN 115) awọn koodu aabo, gbogbo escalator ati ọna gbigbe ni o ni ** o kere ju awọn bọtini Duro Pajawiri meji pẹlu ọwọ, ọkan ni ibalẹ oke ati ọkan ni ibalẹ isalẹ:
- ** Balustrade Newel Base (Ọpọlọpọ julọ) ***: Wo opin ipari ti ogiri atilẹyin handrail (newel) ni ibi ti o tẹsẹ si tabi kuro ni escalator, nigbagbogbo ni ẹgbẹ ọtun ** ti nkọju si awọn igbesẹ ***, to ** 15 si 45 centimeters (6 si 18 inches) loke ilẹ-ilẹ *** (kokosẹ si ikẹkun ti ọwọ) tabi ko si taara ni giga ti orokun).
- ** Iṣatunṣe Dekini Inu ti oke ***: Lori ọpọlọpọ awọn soobu ti iṣowo ati awọn escalators papa ọkọ ofurufu, bọtini titari pupa ti wa ni ifasilẹ sinu gige gige irin alagbara-irin ti igun ọtun ni isalẹ ọna gbigbe ọwọ ọwọ ni iga ẹgbẹ-ikun (ni aijọju 90 centimeters / 36 inches si ilẹ) ni awọn ibalẹ mejeeji.
- ** Bollard Traffic ita tabi Ifiweranṣẹ ***: Ni ọkọ oju-irin alaja ode oni, metro, ati awọn ibudo ọkọ oju-irin opopona giga, bọtini idaduro ori olu pupa ni igbagbogbo gbe sori ifiweranṣẹ fadaka 1 si awọn mita 2 (ẹsẹ 3 si 6.5) ni iwaju titẹsi ibalẹ.
- ** Ẹṣọ Ideri Flip-Clear ***: Ọpọlọpọ awọn bọtini ni o ni aabo nipasẹ ideri isọdi ṣiṣu ti o han gbangba ti a samisi “IDuro pajawiri: Ideri GBE ATI Bọtini Titari”. Gbigbe ideri ṣiṣu nigbagbogbo n dun buzzer agbegbe kan lati ṣe idiwọ awọn ere idaraya; **ma ṣe ṣiyemeji nigbati gbigbe ideri ba n pariwo nla **. Gbe gbigbọn ṣiṣu soke ki o tẹ bọtini pupa si inu ṣinṣin titi ti awọn idaduro pẹtẹẹsì si idaduro pipe.
Nigbati KO lati Titari bọtini Duro pajawiri
Maṣe tẹ bọtini Iduro Pajawiri ohun escalator ti ero-ọkọ kan ba ti ja lulẹ tabi padanu iwọntunwọnsi wọn ni arin pẹtẹẹsì **laisi eyikeyi apakan ti ara wọn, aṣọ, tabi bata bata ninu ẹrọ naa. Lojiji braking a gbọran escalator jabọ dosinni ti awọn ero duro siwaju si isalẹ awọn didasilẹ aluminiomu igbese egbegbe, nfa ori Atẹle ibalokanje, hip dida egungun, ati opoplopo-ups. Lu bọtini iduro nikan fun ifinumọ ẹrọ ti nṣiṣe lọwọ tabi ti o sunmọ, eniyan ti n ṣubu leralera ni agbegbe ibi ibalẹ isalẹ, tabi ipasẹ igbekalẹ.
Idahun-nipasẹ-igbesẹ lakoko imudani ti nṣiṣe lọwọ¶
Ipele 1: Idasile awọn aṣọ ti a fipa, awọn okun bata, tabi ẹru ṣaaju ibalẹ naa¶
Ti okun bata rẹ, okun iyaworan, ẹwu gigun, tabi yeri ba fa mu sinu awo comb tabi laarin awọn igbesẹ meji nigbati escalator n gbe:
- **Maṣe tẹriba pẹlu ọwọ rẹ lae nitosi awo ti n gbe lati tu sorapo kan ***: Gbigbe awọn ika ọwọ rẹ si isalẹ lẹgbẹẹ okun bata taut ti a fi ọgbẹ sinu ẹwọn igbesẹ yoo fa awọn ika ọwọ rẹ taara labẹ awọn eyin comb ni ida kan ti iṣẹju kan.
- **Yọ ẹsẹ rẹ kuro ninu bata naa lẹsẹkẹsẹ ***: Tẹ igigirisẹ bata rẹ miiran si ẹhin bata ti o ṣabọ ki o fa ẹsẹ ifipamọ rẹ taara sita. Fi bata lati wa ni chewed soke nipa awọn comb awo, eyi ti yoo maa Jam comb awo ikolu yipada ki o si da awọn escalator laifọwọyi.
- ** Yiya tabi ge aṣọ idẹkùn kan ***: Ti a ba mu sikafu kan, imura gigun, tabi okun apoeyin ti o fa ọ silẹ si awọn igbesẹ, ṣii bọtini, tu, tabi yọ kuro ninu aṣọ naa tabi di awọn okun lẹsẹkẹsẹ, tabi lo ọbẹ apo tabi awọn irẹrun ibalokan lati ge aṣọ naa ni mimọ kuro ninu ara rẹ.
Ipele 2: Diduro ijamba ti pinni ni kete ti escalator ti duro¶
Ti ẹsẹ ọmọ, ọwọ, tabi ẹsẹ ẹlẹṣin kan ba ti wa tẹlẹ ninu àlàfo-si-shirt tabi nisalẹ awo comb nigbati ẹrọ ba wa ni idaduro:
- **Yan oluduro kan lati ṣọ Bọtini Iduro ***: Jẹ ki agbalagba ti o yasọtọ duro taara lori bọtini Iduro pajawiri ti a tẹ ni ibalẹ ki ẹni ti ko mọ alaye tabi akọwe ile itaja ko fa bọtini naa jade tabi tan bọtini yipada lati tun escalator bẹrẹ lakoko ti eniyan naa wa ni idẹkùn.
- **Maṣe jẹ ki awọn ti o duro ni awọn igbesẹ ti n tẹ awọn igbesẹ pẹlu crowbars ***: Awọn igbesẹ escalator jẹ simẹnti lati inu ohun elo alumọni alumọni-ẹyọ-simẹnti-ẹyọkan ti a fi sinu awọn ẹwọn rola ti o wuwo labẹ ẹdọfu nla. Igbiyanju lati pry laarin igbesẹ kan ati yeri ẹgbẹ pẹlu kọlọkọlọ itọju lai ṣe idasile igbesẹ tabi itusilẹ àmúró yeri nigbagbogbo ma nyọ igbesẹ simẹnti-aluminiomu brittle sinu awọn ajẹkù didasilẹ tabi fa igbesẹ lati tun pada si egungun ti a fọ.
- ** Ṣe atilẹyin iwuwo ara ẹni ti o ni ipalara ***: Ti ẹsẹ ọmọ ba wa ni igun ti o buruju lori igbesẹ ti o tẹ, joko ni ipele ti o wa ni isalẹ wọn lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o gbe ibadi ati egungun wọn ki iwuwo ara wọn ma ba fa si isalẹ si kokosẹ idẹkùn naa.
- ** Jẹ ki ẹni ti o pa eniyan naa balẹ lati yago fun ipanilara ***: Irora ati ẹru fa awọn ọmọde idẹkùn lati yank ki o yi ẹsẹ wọn pada, yiyi awọ asọ ti o rọrun kan pọ si fifọ ni ṣiṣi tabi omije ibajẹ nla. Sọ ni ifọkanbalẹ, dina wiwo wiwo wọn ti bata tabi ọgbẹ ni lilo jaketi tabi sikafu, ki o si di orokun wọn duro dada titi ti awọn onija ina yoo fi de.
Ipele 3: Bawo ni awọn onija ina ati awọn onimọ-ẹrọ elevator ṣe imukuro¶
Nigbati Ina ati Igbala awọn ẹgbẹ imọ-ẹrọ wuwo de si ibi iṣẹlẹ, wọn tẹle ilana isọdasọpọ ẹrọ kan pato:
- ** Ge Asopọmọra akọkọ Titiipa/Tagout (LOTO): Awọn onija ina tabi awọn onimọ-ẹrọ ile ṣii gige iwọle si ilẹ oke lori truss wakọ ki o si pa ẹrọ fifọ oni-mẹta akọkọ akọkọ ki mọto awakọ ko le fi agbara mu.
- ** Idena Yiyipo Ẹwọn Igbesẹ-igbesẹ ***: Ṣaaju ṣipada eyikeyi awọn igbesẹ, awọn olugbala rii daju pe idaduro ẹrọ ati titiipa pawl iranlọwọ ti ṣiṣẹ, tabi gige gige laarin pq igbesẹ ati fireemu truss nitori iwuwo ti awọn arinrin-ajo tabi awọn igbesẹ lori titẹ ko le fa ki pẹtẹẹsì yi pada sẹhin ni ida bi titẹ ti tu silẹ.
- ** Itankale Hydraulic tabi Yiyọ Igbesẹ ***: Lilo awọn itankale hydraulic iwapọ (Jaws of Life), pneumatic ga-titẹ igbega airbags ti a gbe laarin ara igbesẹ ati yeri ẹgbẹ idakeji, tabi T-handle Allen wrenches lati unbolt awọn ẹni kọọkan ti aluminiomu igbese te lati awọn oniwe-axle ti ngbe, olugbala gbooro awọn 4-millimita sẹsẹ 0 milimita yeri (millimita ẹsẹ 0), (si tun inu awọn iyokù ti bata) lati gbe soke ni taara laisi irẹrun Atẹle.
Iranlọwọ akọkọ fun ibalokanjẹ escalator: degenloving, awọn gige gige, ati awọn lacerations ti o lagbara¶
Escalator ijamba gbe awọn mẹta àìdá ibalokanje elo ṣẹlẹ nipasẹ awọn grooved aluminiomu igbese risers ati awọn serrated comb awo eyin: ** jin ni afiwe àwárí lacerations **, ** asọ-ara degloving, ati ** digital (atampako tabi ika) amputations **.
flowchart TD
Free["Apaniyan Ominira Lati Escalator Mechanism"] --> Assess["Ṣayẹwo Opopona Afẹfẹ, Mimi, ati Ẹjẹ Ẹjẹ Lẹsẹkẹsẹ"]
Assess --> Bleed{"Iru ibalokanje lọwọlọwọ?"}
Bleed -->|"Ẹjẹ Atẹri-ẹjẹ ti o lewu"| Direct["Waye Firm Taara Ipa Pẹlu Gauze mimọ; Waye Tourniquet High lori Limb ti Ẹjẹ Idẹruba Aye Duro"]
Bleed -->|"Gbigbọn Awọ Avulsed (Ipalara Degloving)"| Flap["MAA ṢE Ge tabi Peeli Pada Awọ Awọ alaimuṣinṣin; Rọra Dubulẹ Gbigbọn Pada ni Ipo Adayeba ati Bo Pẹlu Wíwọ Ifo Ọrinrin"]
Bleed -->|"Ipari Ika ẹsẹ tabi Ika gige"| Amp["1. Fi ipari si Stump Snugly Pẹlu Gauze ifo ati Gbe diẹ sii"]
Amp --> Part["2. Bọsipọ oni-nọmba ti a ge (Fi Bata / Ṣayẹwo idoti silẹ si Awọn onija ina ti o ba jin ni Truss)"]
Part --> Cool["3. Fi ipari si nọmba ni ọririn Sterile Gauze, Fi edidi sinu Apo Ṣiṣu Gbẹ, ati Ibi Apo ON Ice/Omi Slurry (Maṣe Taara Ice Kan)"]
Direct --> Shock["Jeki Alaisan Fidilẹ, Bo Pẹlu Aso/Ibora lati Dena mọnamọna, ati Ẹsẹ Ẹsẹ"]
Flap --> Shock
Cool --> Shock
1. Ṣiṣakoso ẹjẹ ti o lagbara lati awọn lacerations serrated igbese¶
Awọn egbegbe 90-ìyí didasilẹ ti simẹnti-aluminiomu escalator tẹẹrẹ ṣe bi awọn graters warankasi nigba ti eniyan ba ṣubu silẹ ni isalẹ pẹtẹẹsì gbigbe kan, nigbagbogbo ge awọn orin ti o jọra ti o jinlẹ kọja awọn didan, awọn ekun, awọn iwaju, ati awọ-ori.
- Tẹ paadi ti o nipọn ti gauze mimọ tabi seeti owu mimọ ti a ṣe pọ taara lori ọgbẹ ẹjẹ nipa lilo ọwọ mejeeji. Wo itọsọna wa lori ẹjẹ nla fun pipe awọn ilana isun ẹjẹ.
- Nitori escalator grooves ti wa ni ti a bo ni ise pq girisi, erogba eruku, ati ita idoti, ma ṣe gbiyanju lati yo girisi jade ti jin ìmọ ọgbẹ ni awọn ipele; fojusi muna lori didaduro pipadanu ẹjẹ ati jẹ ki awọn oniṣẹ abẹ ibalokanjẹ ile-iwosan bomirin ati debride àsopọ labẹ akuniloorun.
- Ti iṣọn-ẹjẹ pataki ni ẹsẹ isalẹ tabi iwaju ti ya ti o si tẹsiwaju lati tan ẹjẹ pupa didan nipasẹ awọn wiwu titẹ taara, lo irin-ajo afẹfẹ ti iṣowo kan 5 si 8 centimeters (2 si 3 inches) loke ọgbẹ (maṣe taara lori orokun tabi isẹpo igbonwo) ki o kọ akoko ohun elo gangan lori iwaju ti ipalara naa.
2. Ṣiṣakoso awọn ipalara ibajẹ (awọ ara ati avulsion àsopọ abẹ awọ ara)¶
Nigbati bata roba tabi ẹsẹ igboro ba fa laarin igbesẹ gbigbe ati yeri iduro, agbara irẹrun nigbagbogbo n yọ awọ ara ati Layer sanra ti o wa ni abẹlẹ kuro ni isan iṣan ti o jinlẹ ati awọn tendoni, bii peeli kuro ni ibọwọ mimu.
-
- Tọju gbogbo milimita ti awọ ti a so mọ ***: Ti awọ-awọ kan ba ti bo sẹhin ṣugbọn ti o tun so mọ nipasẹ afara tissu (pedicle), **maṣe ge kuro tabi pa a sẹhin ***. rọra dubulẹ awọn gbigbọn awọ ara pada lori aise àsopọ ibusun ni awọn oniwe-deede anatomical titete ki awọn ẹjẹ ngba ni pedicle ko ba wa ni kinked.
- ** Bo pẹlu gauze ọrinrin ti ko ni ifo**: Gbe gauze ti o ni iyọ ti ko ni ito (tabi mimọ awọn aṣọ wiwọ ti ko ni igo ti o tutu pẹlu omi mimu ti o mọ) ni rọra lori agbegbe ti o gbin, ti o tẹle pẹlu ipari ita gbigbẹ alaimuṣinṣin lati ṣe idiwọ itutu agbaiye ati sisọnu àsopọ.
- ** Aibikita ki o jẹ didoju ***: Ti ẹsẹ tabi kokosẹ ba wa ni fisinuirindigbindigbin ninu ẹrọ fun diẹ ẹ sii ju iṣẹju 15, iboju fun fifun pa ipalara ati iṣọn iyẹwu ati ki o tọju ẹsẹ ni atilẹyin ni ipele ọkan.
3. Titọju awọn ika ẹsẹ ti a ge tabi awọn ika ọwọ fun atunkọ microsurgical¶
Ti awọn ika ẹsẹ tabi ika ọwọ ba ti ya patapata nipasẹ awo comb:
- **Toju alaisan ni akọkọ, apakan ti a ge ni iṣẹju keji ***: Wọ ikọsẹ ẹjẹ pẹlu gauze ti o ni agbara pupọ ati titẹ taara taara.
- **Maṣe de ọwọ tirẹ ninu awo comb escalator lati gba nọmba ti o yapa pada ***: Sọ fun awọn onija ina ti o de pe nọmba kan wa ninu pan ipadabọ igbesẹ ki wọn le ṣii awo ilẹ ayewo lailewu lẹhin titiipa agbara.
- ** Tẹle ọna itọju otutu-Layer mẹta ***:
- Rọra fi omi ṣan eruku ti ko ni idọti kuro ni apakan ti a ge pẹlu iyọ ti ko ni ifo tabi omi igo ti o mọ (maṣe fọ rẹ tabi lo ọṣẹ ipakokoro tabi oti).
- Fi nọmba naa sinu ipele ti gauze ti o ni ifo tutu ti o tutu pẹlu iyọ tabi omi mimọ.
- Di nọmba ti a we sinu mimọ, gbẹ, apo ṣiṣu zip-oke ti ko ni omi.
- Gbe apo ṣiṣu ti o ni edidi sinu apo keji tabi apo ti o kun fun adalu ** yinyin ti a fọ ati omi ***. **Maṣe gbe ika tabi ika ẹsẹ ti a ge taara taara sori yinyin ti ko ni tabi yinyin ti o gbẹ ***, nitori didi taara ba awọn odi sẹẹli microvascular jẹ ki o jẹ ki isọdọmọ iṣẹ abẹ ko ṣeeṣe.
Awọn ewu nla ti escalator igbese Collapse ati truss ọfin ṣubu¶
Lakoko ti o ṣọwọn ni akawe si awọn ifunmọ bata, awọn ikuna igbesẹ igbekalẹ ati awọn abọ ilẹ-iyẹyẹ wó lulẹ ṣe aṣoju kilasi apaniyan julọ ti awọn ijamba escalator. Labẹ lupu tinrin ti awọn igbesẹ aluminiomu gbigbe ti o jinlẹ, irin cavernous (*truss ***) ti o ni ọkọ ayọkẹlẹ awakọ akọkọ, awọn jia akọmalu, awọn ẹwọn ipadabọ igbesẹ, ati awọn ọpa yiyi ni oke ati awọn ibalẹ isalẹ.
- ** Awọn ami ikilọ ti Jam-igbesẹ ti n bọ (“runaway” tabi awọn igbesẹ gbigbe) ***: Ti o ba gbọ lilọ irin ti npariwo, ariwo rhythmic, tabi ariwo ti nbọ lati awọn igbesẹ, tabi wo igbesẹ kan ti o nlọ si oke ni eti bi o ti sunmọ ibalẹ, **maṣe tẹsẹ sori escalator ***. Ti o ba wa tẹlẹ lori pẹtẹẹsì nigbati awọn igbesẹ bẹrẹ buckling ati piling soke ni ibalẹ bi ohun accordion, ja mejeji handrails lẹsẹkẹsẹ, fa ẹsẹ rẹ soke pẹlẹpẹlẹ awọn ike ri to / irin ẹgbẹ dekini lẹba awọn igbesẹ ti o ba ti dín to, tabi ifinkan lori kekere apa handrail pẹlẹpẹlẹ awọn nitosi ti o wa titi staircase ti o ba ti wa ni ipo lailewu tókàn si ọkan.
- **Maṣe tẹ lori barricade itọju ofeefee kan sori escalator ti o da duro ***: Nigbati awọn ẹrọ ẹrọ ba yọ awọn igbesẹ aluminiomu meji tabi mẹta kuro lati ṣe iṣẹ escalator kan, iho inaro 1.5-mita (ẹsẹ 5) yawn yoo ṣii taara sinu ọfin jia irin ni isalẹ. Paapaa ti o buru ju, nigbati idaduro awakọ akọkọ ba ti tu silẹ ni ẹrọ fun iṣẹ, escalator ti o da duro wa ni idaduro nipasẹ ija nikan. Ti ẹgbẹ kan ti awọn arinrin-ajo ba kọju barricade kan ti wọn si rin si awọn pẹtẹẹsì ti o da duro lati lo wọn bi atẹgun deede, iwuwo walẹ ti o wa ni isalẹ le bori ikọlu aimi ati fa ki gbogbo pẹtẹẹsì irin naa yara ni iyara si isalẹ ni yiyipada (iyipada itọsọna escalator), sisọ awọn dosinni eniyan sinu opoplopo-soke ni ibi-itọju isalẹ tabi ibalẹ isalẹ.
Idena: Awọn ofin aabo escalator 6 giga-ipa fun awọn idile¶
Idena escalator ati gbigbe awọn ipalara ti ọna opopona nilo awọn isesi ti o muna nigbakugba ti o ba nrin pẹlu awọn ọmọde, ẹru, tabi awọn iranlọwọ arinbo:
- ** Duro inu awọn laini agbegbe agbegbe ofeefee ***: Awọn igbesẹ escalator ode oni ni ṣiṣu ofeefee didan tabi awọn laini ala ti o ya ni ayika gbogbo awọn egbegbe mẹrin ti gbogbo igbesẹ. Kọ awọn ọmọde lati nigbagbogbo gbin awọn ẹsẹ mejeeji ni muna ni aarin igbesẹ inu apoti ofeefee, titọju awọn bata rọba rirọ ati didi ni o kere ju sẹntimita 5 (inṣi 2) kuro ni odi siketi ẹgbẹ iduro.
- **Maṣe gbe awọn kẹkẹ ọmọ, awọn kẹkẹ, awọn kẹkẹ, tabi awọn kẹkẹ ẹlẹsẹ mẹrin lori escalator ***: Arinrin lori escalator igun kan gbe awọn kẹkẹ ẹhin rẹ si igbesẹ gbigbe kan lakoko ti awọn kẹkẹ iwaju rẹ wa ni agbedemeji afẹfẹ tabi sinmi ni igun giga ni igbesẹ loke. Ni kete ti awọn igbesẹ ti ba jade ni oke tabi isalẹ ibalẹ, awọn itọsona stroller sẹhin tabi pitches awọn ìkókó oju-akọkọ si isalẹ awọn jagged aluminiomu treads, tabi awọn kekere iwaju caster wili Jam taara sinu comb awo Iho. Nigbagbogbo gba awọn ategun nigba titari kẹkẹ, kẹkẹ, tabi eru eru.
- **Maṣe jẹ ki awọn ohun ọsin rin taara lori awọn igbesẹ escalator ***: Awọn paadi ọwọ aja kan, eekanna ika ẹsẹ, ati irun ko ni aabo atẹlẹsẹ ti kosemi ati pe wọn fa taara sinu awọn eyin awo milimita 3 ni ibalẹ ijade, nfa awọn amputation olona-papa ẹlẹru. Nigbagbogbo gbe awọn aja kekere si apa rẹ lori escalator, tabi gbe awọn pẹtẹẹsì tabi ategun pẹlu awọn aja alabọde ati nla.
- **Di ọwọ awọn ọmọde mu ki o jẹ ki wọn tẹsiwaju (kii ṣe kọja kọja) awo comb ***: Maṣe jẹ ki awọn ọmọde joko lori awọn igbesẹ escalator, ṣere nitosi fẹlẹ inlet handrail isalẹ, tabi “siki” bata rọba wọn kuro ni awo comb ikẹhin. Kọ wọn lati gbe ẹsẹ wọn ga ati tẹsẹ patapata lori awọn ehin comb irin si ilẹ ti o lagbara.
- **Kojọpọ awọn aṣọ gigun ati ṣayẹwo awọn okun bata ṣaaju ki o to wọ ***: Ṣaaju ki o to tẹsẹ sori ibalẹ titẹsi, wo isalẹ lati rii daju pe awọn okun bata mejeeji ni asopọ ni ilopo ati gbe iṣẹlẹ ti eyikeyi aṣọ maxi-ipari, abaya, sari, aso, tabi sikafu o kere ju sẹntimita 10 (inṣi 4) loke bata rẹ.
- Tẹsiwaju lẹsẹkẹsẹ ti o ba jade ni ibalẹ ***: Maṣe da duro ni ijade lẹsẹkẹsẹ ti escalator tabi papa ọkọ ofurufu ti nrin irin-ajo lati ṣayẹwo foonu rẹ tabi wa awọn ami ẹnu-ọna. Ẹrọ naa n pese nigbagbogbo 90 si 120 awọn ero fun iṣẹju kan taara lẹhin rẹ; idekun ni comb awo fa ohun lẹsẹkẹsẹ pq-lenu eda eniyan opoplopo-soke sinu gbigbe irin eyin.
Ya kan akọkọ iranlowo papa
Gbigba ọwọ-lori iranlọwọ akọkọ ati ikẹkọ iṣakoso ẹjẹ ibalokanjẹ (gẹgẹbi Duro Ẹjẹ naa, Red Cross First Aid, tabi St John Ambulance ikẹkọ) fun ọ ni igboya ti o wulo lati lo titẹ taara, ṣakoso awọn amputation, ati lo irin-ajo nigbati awọn iṣẹju-aaya ka.
Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo¶
Where is the emergency stop button located on an escalator?
Every code-compliant escalator and moving walkway has at least two bright red Emergency Stop buttons, one at the top landing and one at the bottom landing. Look at the curved end of the balustrade wall (typically on the right-hand side as you face the steps), either 15 to 45 centimeters (6 to 18 inches) above the floor at ankle-to-knee height or recessed into the stainless-steel inner deck trim right under the curved nose of the moving handrail. If a clear plastic cover is over the button, lift the cover (ignore any local warning beep) and press the red button firmly until the stairs stop.
Why are soft foam clogs (like Crocs) and flexible rubber rain boots so easily trapped in escalators?
Unlike hard leather or firm athletic shoes that slide smoothly if they brush against the escalator's stationary side wall, soft EVA foam clogs and thin rubber boots have both a very high coefficient of friction against metal and high compressibility. If a rider stands too close to the side edge of a step and their foam clog rubs against the stationary side skirt, friction grabs the soft foam and pulls the flexible toe of the shoe downward into the 3-to-4-millimeter gap between the moving step and the wall.
What should I do if my shoelace or shoe gets stuck in an escalator while it is still moving?
Do not bend down to try to untie a knotted shoelace with your fingers while the step is moving toward the landing, as your hand can be pulled into the comb plate teeth in a split second. Instead, shout for someone at the landing to hit the red Emergency Stop button and immediately pull your bare or stocking foot straight out of the shoe before the step reaches the top or bottom comb plate. Leaving the shoe behind allows the empty shoe to hit the comb plate impact switch and trip the brake while keeping your foot safe.
Is it safe to take a baby stroller or pushchair on an escalator if an adult holds it tightly?
No, taking a stroller or pushchair onto an escalator is extremely dangerous and is prohibited by transit and building safety codes worldwide. Because escalator steps are only 40 centimeters (16 inches) deep, a stroller's wheelbase spans multiple steps at an unstable tilt, and when the steps flatten out at the top or bottom landing, the small front wheels frequently jam into the comb plate slots or the stroller tips backward down the sharp aluminum treads. Always use an elevator when traveling with a stroller, wheelchair, or rolling cart.
Can I walk down or up a stopped escalator like a regular staircase if it has a maintenance barrier in front of it?
Never cross a yellow maintenance barrier or safety cone onto a stopped escalator. When technicians service an escalator, they often unbolt and remove several aluminum steps, leaving an open 1.5-meter (5-foot) drop straight into the steel drive chains and gears below, or they release the main mechanical brake. Even if all steps look intact, walking onto a stopped escalator with a released brake can cause the heavy step chain to suddenly roll backward under the weight of the crowd like a runaway treadmill.
How should I care for an amputated toe or finger after an escalator accident?
First, control bleeding on the injured foot or hand with firm direct pressure using sterile gauze. Once firefighters safely recover the amputated digit from the escalator, gently rinse away loose dirt with sterile saline or clean bottled water without scrubbing, wrap the digit in damp sterile gauze, seal it inside a dry watertight plastic bag, and place that sealed bag on top of a mixture of crushed ice and water. Never put an amputated finger or toe directly onto bare ice, as frostbite destroys the tiny blood vessels needed for surgical reattachment.
Awọn orisun ṣayẹwo¶
- American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME, United States): *ASME A17.1 / CSA B44 koodu Aabo fun Elevators ati Escalators: Igbesẹ-si-Skirt Clearance Atọka, Comb Plate Impact Yipada, ati Pajawiri Duro Bọtini Ibi.
- Igbimọ European fun Iṣeduro (CEN, European Union): * EN 115-1 Aabo ti Awọn Escalators ati Awọn Rin Gbigbe: Ikọle ati Awọn Ilana fifi sori ẹrọ*.
- Igbimọ Aabo Ọja Olumulo AMẸRIKA (CPSC, United States): * Awọn Itaniji Aabo Gbangba lori Awọn eewu Idawọle Escalator Ti o kan Rirọ Resini/Fọọmu Footwear, Awọn aṣọ Alailowaya, ati Awọn ẹlẹsẹ*.
- Elevator Escalator Safety Foundation (EESF, United States ati Canada): Ailewu-T-Rider Ero Escalator ati Gbigbe Awọn Itọsọna Idena Ijamba Walkway.
- National Fire Protection Association (NFPA, United States): NFPA 1006/1670 Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualifications: Machinery and Escalator Entrapment Extrication.
- Ile-ẹkọ giga ti Ilu Amẹrika ti Awọn Ẹjẹ Ọdọmọkunrin (AAP, Orilẹ Amẹrika): * Ẹsẹ ti o jọmọ Escalator-Paediatric Escalator and Extremity Trauma Clinical Management and Idena *.