Awọn gbigbe banki laigba aṣẹ, Awọn ariyanjiyan E Ilana, ati awọn ẹtọ idiyele¶

Ṣiṣawari pe akọọlẹ ayẹwo rẹ ti tu silẹ nipasẹ awọn gbigbe ACH laigba aṣẹ, yiyọkuro kaadi debiti ti cloned, awọn ohun elo isanwo ẹlẹgbẹ-si-ẹlẹgbẹ (P2P), tabi awọn idiyele kaadi kirẹditi arekereke jẹ pajawiri inawo nla. Ko dabi jegudujera kaadi kirẹditi, nibiti o ti n jiyan laini kirẹditi ti banki, awọn gbigbe owo eletiriki laigba aṣẹ (EFTs) yọ owo gidi kuro ninu akọọlẹ iṣayẹwo rẹ, nfa awọn sọwedowo iyalo lẹsẹkẹsẹ ati awọn sisanwo ohun elo lati agbesoke.

Awọn ofin ile-ifowopamọ ti ijọba ilu ati ti kariaye, paapaa pataki Ofin Gbigbe Owo Itanna AMẸRIKA (EFTA / Ilana E, 12 C.F.R. Apá 1005), Ofin Idiyele Kirẹditi Irẹwẹsi (FCBA / Ilana Z, 12 C.F.R. Apá 1026), Ofin Canada Isanwo H1, ati Awọn ilana Awọn iṣẹ isanwo UK, fi opin si awọn ipese owo-owo ti ara ẹni laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo 1. Bibẹẹkọ, awọn ile-ifowopamọ nigbagbogbo kọ awọn ẹtọ jibiti ti o tọ nipa ṣiṣalaye awọn iwe-ẹri jile bi “aṣẹ,” imupaṣẹ awọn okuta ijabọ ọjọ-meji ati ọjọ 60 ti o muna, tabi kuna lati ṣe iwadii ti o nilo labẹ ofin ayafi ti o ba pe awọn ẹtọ ofin rẹ ni kikọ.

Ṣe eyi ni bayi¶

1. ** Di kaadi ti o ti gbogun tabi akọọlẹ ṣayẹwo lẹsẹkẹsẹ ki o pe Ẹka Iwa Jibiti ti banki:** Ṣii ohun elo ile-ifowopamọ alagbeka rẹ ni bayi lati tii debiti tabi kaadi kirẹditi rẹ, lẹhinna pe nọmba ti o wa ni ẹhin kaadi rẹ ki o beere ni pataki fun ** Ẹka Ẹtan ati Awọn ariyanjiyan Itanna *** (kii ṣe iṣẹ alabara gbogbogbo). Beere pe ile ifowo pamo fagile kaadi ti o gbogun, gbe lile ** ACH Debit Block / Didi Account *** lori akọọlẹ iṣayẹwo rẹ, ki o ṣii aṣẹ kan ** Ilana E Gbigbe Owo-iṣiro Owo Itanna Laigba aṣẹ *** (fun debiti/ṣayẹwo/P2P) tabi ** Ilana Z Aṣiṣe Aṣiṣe Idiyele ** (fun awọn kaadi kirẹditi).
2. Ijabọ kaadi debiti ati jibiti akọọlẹ ṣayẹwo laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo 2 lati fi opin si pipadanu rẹ ni $ 50 (tabi $ 0): Labẹ Ilana Federal E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.6), layabiliti inawo ti ara ẹni fun kaadi debiti ti o sọnu tabi ji tabi iwọle ṣayẹwo ti o gbogun jẹ iṣakoso nipasẹ aago tiki to muna. Ijabọ laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo ** 2 ti ẹkọ ti ipadanu naa ṣe aabo layabiliti ofin rẹ ni $50 (ati $0 labẹ awọn ofin Visa/Mastercard Zero Layabiliti); idaduro awọn ọjọ iṣowo 2 ti o kọja fo fila layabiliti ti ofin rẹ si ** $ 500 ***, ati iduro ti o kọja ** 60 awọn ọjọ kalẹnda *** lati ọjọ ifiweranṣẹ alaye banki ṣafihan ọ si ** 100 ogorun pipadanu ailopin ** ti awọn ole ti o tẹle.
3. Tẹle ipe foonu rẹ pẹlu Akọsilẹ Aṣiṣe ti kikọ nipasẹ meeli ti a fọwọsi laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo 10: Labẹ 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11 (b) (2), ti o ba jabo gbigbe ẹrọ itanna laigba aṣẹ nipasẹ foonu, ile ifowo pamo ni ẹtọ labẹ ofin lati beere ijẹrisi kikọ laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo mẹwa 10, ati pe ti o ba kuna lati fi lẹta ti o kọ silẹ, ** ile ifowo pamo wa ni idasilẹ labẹ ofin lati fun ọ ni kirẹditi owo ipese ọjọ mẹwa 10 lakoko ti wọn ṣe iwadii ***. Nigbagbogbo firanṣẹ Ilana kikọ ti o fowo si E Akiyesi Aṣiṣe (tabi Akiyesi Aṣiṣe Idiyele Z) nipasẹ meeli ifọwọsi ati ifiranṣẹ to ni aabo lẹsẹkẹsẹ.
4. ** Fagilee awọn igbanilaaye debiti ACH loorekoore nipa lilo Ifagile kikọ ati Aṣẹ Idaduro-Isanwo Bank kan:** Ti ayanilowo apanirun, ile-idaraya, oniṣowo alabapin, tabi biller kọ lati dawọ fa awọn sisanwo ACH loorekoore lati akọọlẹ iṣayẹwo rẹ, firanṣẹ imeeli ifagile ti o kọ si onijaja ATI paṣẹ fun banki rẹ lati gbe ibi-ipamọ / Stopmal o kere ju. ** Awọn ọjọ iṣowo 3 *** ṣaaju debiti eto atẹle (12 C.F.R. § 1005.10 ©).
5. ** Ṣe igbasilẹ ijabọ ọlọpa kan ati Ijabọ Identity Identity FTC kan lati ṣẹgun “jegudujera ọrẹ” awọn ikọsilẹ: ** Awọn ile-ifowopamọ nigbagbogbo kọ awọn ẹtọ Ilana E nipa sisọ pe iwọ, ọmọ ẹbi kan, tabi ẹnikan ti o fun foonu rẹ lati gbe lọ. Lẹsẹkẹsẹ ṣe igbasilẹ ijabọ ori ayelujara ni IdentityTheft.gov (ti o ṣẹda Federal ti o bura ** Ijabọ Identity Identity FTC ***) ki o ṣe ijabọ ọlọpa agbegbe kan (tabi pe laini ọlọpa ti agbegbe rẹ ti kii ṣe pajawiri; ti o ba wa ninu eewu ti ara lẹsẹkẹsẹ lati ole jija tabi ipalọlọ, pe nọmba pajawiri ti agbegbe rẹ: 911 ni AMẸRIKA ati Kanada, 112 ni EU, 999 ni UK, tabi ṣayẹwo wa wa. pajawiri awọn nọmba). So awọn nọmba ijabọ mejeeji pọ si ariyanjiyan banki kikọ rẹ.
6. ** Beere awọn igbasilẹ iwadii iwe-ipamọ ti ile-ifowopamọ ti o ba kọ ẹtọ rẹ, ki o si ga si CFPB: *** Labẹ 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11 (d) (1), ti ile-ifowopamọ ba kọ ẹtọ Ilana E rẹ ti o si yi kirẹditi ipese rẹ pada, o ni ẹtọ ofin pipe lati beere ** awọn adakọ ọfẹ ti gbogbo awọn iwe aṣẹ, awọn akọọlẹ IP, awọn ID ẹrọ, ati awọn akọsilẹ iwadii *** banki gbarale lati kọ ẹtọ rẹ, ati lati fi ẹsun idabobo aabo ilana lẹsẹkẹsẹ pẹlu Ajọ naaconsumerfinance.gov/complaint).

flowchart TD
    Fraud["Ṣe afẹri idiyele Laigba aṣẹ, Debit ACH, ole Kaadi Debit, tabi Gbigbe P2P"] --> Type{"1. Iru ti Isanwo Rail ti a Lo?"}
    Type -->|Credit Card| RegZ["Ilana Z (FCBA, 12 CFR 1026.13): Max Layabiliti $ 50 ($ 0 Network Ofin) | Firanṣẹ Akiyesi Aṣiṣe Idiyele Kọ Laarin Awọn Ọjọ 60 ti Gbólóhùn"]
    Type -->|Debit Card, Checking ACH, or P2P App| RegE["Ilana E (EFTA, 12 CFR 1005): Pe Banki Lẹsẹkẹsẹ & Firanṣẹ Akọsilẹ kikọ ti aṣiṣe"]
    RegE --> Clock{"2. Ṣe Kaadi Debiti Ti ara / Ẹrọ Wiwọle Ti sọnu tabi Ji?"}
    Clock -->|Reported Within 2 Business Days| Tier1["Ipele Layabiliti Ipele 1: Pipadanu $ 50 ti o pọju ($ 0 Labẹ Visa/Layabiliti Odo Mastercard)"]
    Clock -->|Reported Day 3 to Day 60| Tier2["Ipele Layabiliti Ipele 2: Titi di $500 Layabiliti Ofin fun Awọn gbigbe Laigba aṣẹ ti o tẹle"]
    Clock -->|Card Not Lost: Stolen Number, Skimmer, or Unauthorized ACH / P2P Hack| NoCard["Layabiliti Odo fun Awọn Ọjọ 60 akọkọ Lẹhin Ifiweranṣẹ (Gbọdọ Jabọ Laarin Awọn Ọjọ 60 ti Gbólóhùn)"]
    Tier1 --> Prov["3. Ile-ifowopamọ Gbọdọ Ṣewadii Laarin Awọn Ọjọ Iṣowo 10 TABI Gbese Kirẹditi Owo Ipese Sinu Akọọlẹ Rẹ nipasẹ Ọjọ 10 (Titi di Ọjọ 45/90 Ipari)"]
    Tier2 --> Prov
    NoCard --> Prov
    RegZ --> CreditHold["Ile-ifowopamọ Gbọdọ jẹwọ Laarin Awọn Ọjọ 30, Didi Iye ariyanjiyan + Awọn iwulo, & Yanju Laarin Awọn Iyika Sisanwo 2 (Max 90 Ọjọ)"]
    Prov --> Denied{"4. Njẹ Banki Kọ Ipe Rẹ?"}
    Denied -->|Yes| Escalate["Beere Gbogbo Awọn igbasilẹ Iwadii Iwe-ipamọ Labẹ 12 CFR 1005.11(d)(1), Faili FTC Identity Theft + Ijabọ ọlọpa, & Faili CFPB / Ẹdun Ombudsman"]

Ilana E (Debiti, ACH, P2P) la. Ilana Z (Awọn kaadi kirẹditi): lafiwe awọn ẹtọ ti ofin¶

Loye iru ofin wo ni o nṣe akoso owo ji tabi jiyan rẹ jẹ pataki nitori awọn kaadi kirẹditi ati awọn gbigbe iwe apamọ banki ṣiṣẹ labẹ awọn ofin apapo ti o yatọ patapata, awọn akoko akoko, ati awọn ofin ariyanjiyan onijaja.

Bii o ṣe le bori ariyanjiyan Ilana E kan fun kaadi debiti laigba aṣẹ, ACH, tabi awọn gbigbe P2P¶

Awọn ile-ifowopamọ ati awọn iru ẹrọ fintech padanu awọn ọkẹ àìmọye dọla si jibiti itanna ni gbogbo ọdun ati nigbagbogbo kọ awọn aṣoju iwaju iwaju lati yi awọn iṣeduro olumulo ti o wulo kuro. Mọ ọrọ gangan ti Ilana E (12 C.F.R. Apá 1005) ati Ajọ Idaabobo Iṣowo Olumulo osise (CFPB) ilana imuṣẹ gba ọ laaye lati tu awọn awawi banki mẹrin ti o wọpọ julọ kuro:

1. Bibori “Ẹnikan Lo Ọrọigbaniwọle rẹ, PIN, tabi koodu 2FA” Kiko¶

Nigbati scammer ba tan ọ lati ṣe afihan koodu iwọle kan (OTP), ijẹrisi iwọle, tabi PIN nipa ṣiṣafihan ẹka ile-iṣẹ jibiti ti banki rẹ, ile-iṣẹ ijọba kan, tabi atilẹyin imọ-ẹrọ, tabi ji foonu rẹ ni igi kan ki o ṣii ohun elo ile-ifowopamọ rẹ, awọn banki nigbagbogbo kọ ẹtọ naa nipa sisọ: *”Nitori pe o ti tẹ koodu iwọle to pe, PIN, tabi idunadura meji wọle.”

** Kiko ile ifowo pamo naa jẹ arufin laipẹ labẹ ofin apapo: ***

• ** 12 C.F.R. § 1005.2 (m) Itumọ ti "Gbigbee Owo Itanna Laigba aṣẹ":** Labẹ Ilana E ati osise ti CFPB * Itanna Owo Awọn Gbigbe FAQs *, gbigbe owo itanna kan ti ipilẹṣẹ nipasẹ ẹnikẹta ti o gba ohun elo iwọle ti olumulo (kaadi, foonu, awọn iwe-ẹri iwọle, tabi 2FA koodu jijẹẹjẹ) nipasẹ ****** ** EFT laigba aṣẹ *** aabo nipasẹ Ilana E.
• ** Aibikita Olumulo Ko Ṣe Lo lati Kọ Ibeere Rẹ ( Ọrọ asọye Oṣiṣẹ Iṣiṣẹ 12 C.F.R. Apá 1005, Supp. I, Ọrọìwòye 6 (b) -2): ** Federal Reserve ati Awọn itumọ Iṣiṣẹ Ile-iṣẹ CFPB sọ ni gbangba: *”Aibikita nipasẹ alabara ko le ṣee lo bi ipilẹ fun isọdọkan layabiliti ti o tobi ju ihuwasi alabara lọ. aibikita labẹ ofin ipinlẹ, gẹgẹbi kikọ PIN lori kaadi sisan tabi lori iwe kan ti o tọju pẹlu kaadi naa, ko ni ipa lori layabiliti olumulo fun awọn gbigbe laigba aṣẹ.” * Ti banki kan ba sọ fun ọ pe wọn kọ ẹtọ rẹ nitori pe o jẹ “aibikita” ni titẹ ọna asopọ ararẹ tabi kika koodu ọrọ kan si apanirun ti o wọle si akọọlẹ rẹ ki o si fi owo ranṣẹ sita/Z2 C.F.R. § 1005.6 (b) -2 *** ninu akiyesi kikọ rẹ.

2. Lilọ kiri ni Iyatọ Ohun elo P2P: Gbigba Account (Laigba aṣẹ) la. Awọn itanjẹ Titari Titari (APP)¶

Nigbati owo ba ji nipasẹ ** Zelle, Venmo, Cash App, tabi PayPal ***, awọn abajade da lori iyatọ otitọ to ṣe pataki:

• ** Oju iṣẹlẹ A: Gbigba Akọọlẹ ẹnikẹta / jija / ole foonu (100% Bo nipasẹ Ilana E): ** Ti ọdaràn ba kọ iwọle rẹ, ji foonu alagbeka rẹ ti ko ṣii, tan ọ ni fifun koodu 2FA kan ki * ọdaràn * wọle sinu app rẹ ki o bẹrẹ gbigbe, tabi fi agbara mu ọ ni aaye ibon / aṣẹ lati gbe owo 2 silẹ. C.F.R. § 1005.2 (m)** ati banki/app rẹ gbọdọ san san pada fun ọ ni kikun.
• ** ohn B: arekereke Induced "Aṣẹ Titari sisan" (Nibo O Titẹ Firanṣẹ ara rẹ):** Ti o ba ti a romance scammer, iro onile, tabi crypto scammer parowa fun o lati ṣii ara rẹ app ati atinuwa tẹ "Firanṣẹ" ara, US bèbe Lọwọlọwọ jiyan wipe awọn gbigbe je "aṣẹ" labẹ Ilana ni o ni meta imularada.
• ** Awọn ilana isanpada itanjẹ Apanilẹrin (Nẹtiwọọki Zelle & Awọn ofin APP ti o jẹ dandan UK):** Labẹ awọn ofin iṣẹ nẹtiwọọki Zelle ti a ṣe imudojuiwọn, awọn banki AMẸRIKA ti o kopa ni a nilo lati sanpada awọn alabara fun iyege ** Awọn itanjẹ Apanilẹrin ** nibiti scammer kan ṣe afarawe banki kan, ile-iṣẹ ijọba, ohun elo, tabi olupese iṣẹ ti iṣeto. Ninu **United Kingdom ***, labẹ ** Awọn ilana Isanwo Awọn ọna isanwo (PSR) Awọn ofin isanpada jibiti APP ti o jẹ dandan ***, awọn ile-ifowopamọ gbọdọ sanpada awọn olufaragba ti awọn itanjẹ Titari Titari ti a fun ni aṣẹ titi di ** £ 85,000 ** laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo 5 *** (pipin iye owo 50/50 laarin fifiranṣẹ ati gbigba awọn banki).
• • Nipasẹ ariyanjiyan Kaadi: *** Ti o ba ṣe agbateru Venmo, PayPal, tabi idunadura Cash App nipa lilo kaadi kirẹditi ti o ni asopọ tabi kaadi debiti ** (dipo iwọntunwọnsi banki taara) lati ra awọn ẹru ti a ko fi jiṣẹ tabi jẹ arekereke, ṣe faili ** Ilana Z / Kaadi Nẹtiwọọki gbigba agbara *** taara pẹlu banki ti n pese kaadi.
• ** Ikuna Ile-ifowopamọ lati Dina Awọn akọọlẹ Olugba Ajẹbi ti asia: ** Gẹgẹbi iṣeto ni awọn ẹjọ imuṣẹ ijọba lodi si awọn oniṣẹ P2P pataki, ti ile-ifowopamọ ba kuna lati ṣiṣẹ lori awọn ijabọ jibiti iṣaaju lodi si akọọlẹ olugba tabi kuna lati ṣe awọn ilana aabo to tọ, gbe soke lẹsẹkẹsẹ si CFPB ati Attorney General ti Ipinle rẹ.

3. Duro Laigba aṣẹ tabi Fagilee ACH Debits (NACHA Awọn koodu pada R10 ati R07)¶

Nigbati ile-iṣẹ kan ba fa owo taara lati inu akọọlẹ ayẹwo rẹ nipasẹ ọna ipa-ọna ati nọmba akọọlẹ (debiti ACH) laisi igbanilaaye, tabi tẹsiwaju fifa owo lẹhin ti o fagile ẹgbẹ rẹ tabi awin ọjọ isanwo isanwo laifọwọyi, o ni aabo meji labẹ ilana E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.10 ©)

• ** Lọ si ẹka kan tabi pe banki rẹ lati fowo si “Gbólóhùn kikọ ti Debit Laigba aṣẹ” (WSUD):** Labẹ awọn ofin NACHA, nigbati o ba fowo si WSUD laarin ** awọn ọjọ kalẹnda 60 ** ti ọjọ alaye ti o sọ boya debiti ko ni aṣẹ rara (** koodu Idi pada. R10) tabi pe o ti fagile aṣẹ tẹlẹ pẹlu oniṣowo ( Koodu Idi Pada R07**), ** banki rẹ le gba owo pada laifọwọyi lati ile ifowo pamo oniṣowo nipasẹ ile imukuro ACH laarin awọn wakati 24 si 48 *** ki o tun ṣe akọọlẹ ayẹwo rẹ lẹsẹkẹsẹ.
• ** Ibeere Idapada ti Gbogbo Awọn idiyele Aṣeyọri / Awọn idiyele NSF: *** Labẹ Ilana E, ti EFT ti ko gba aṣẹ tabi debiti kan fa lẹhin aṣẹ isanwo isanwo ti o wulo fa iwe apamọ ayẹwo rẹ fa ki o fa awọn owo-owo mẹta miiran lati agbesoke, ile-ifowopamọ gbọdọ san pada kii ṣe iye gbigbe ji nikan, ṣugbọn tun ** 100 ida ọgọrun ti gbogbo awọn isanwo ati isanwo ti a ko gba pada nipasẹ NSFm. debiti.

Awọn idiyele Kaadi Kirẹditi ti bori labẹ Ilana Z (Ofin Sisanwo Kirẹditi Itọkasi)¶

Awọn kaadi kirẹditi pese awọn aabo ariyanjiyan olumulo ti o lagbara julọ ninu eto eto inawo. Labẹ Ofin Idiyele Kirẹditi Fair (FCBA, 15 U.S.C. § 1666 / Regulation Z, 12 C.F.R. § 1026.13)**, awọn ilana ofin ọtọtọ meji lo wa lori kaadi kirẹditi rẹ:

1. Ilana "Awọn aṣiṣe ìdíyelé" (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13): Akoko ipari kikọ ọjọ 60 to muna¶

Labẹ Ilana Z, ofin kan "Aṣiṣe ìdíyelé" pẹlu ** kii ṣe nikan *** awọn idiyele jegudujera laigba aṣẹ nipasẹ alejò, ** ṣugbọn pẹlu ***:

• Awọn idiyele fun awọn ẹru tabi awọn iṣẹ ** iwọ ko gba *** tabi ti a ko fi jiṣẹ bi a ti gba *** (fun apẹẹrẹ, oniṣowo kan firanṣẹ ohun ti ko tọ, gbejade ọja ti o bajẹ ti o kọ/da pada, tabi jade kuro ni iṣowo ṣaaju jiṣẹ aga tabi ọkọ ofurufu rẹ).
• Awọn idiyele pẹlu iye owo dola ti ko tọ *** tabi ẹda-idiye meji.
• Ikuna lati firanṣẹ ** kirẹditi pada tabi agbapada ** ti oniṣowo kan ṣe ileri fun ọ.
• Awọn idiyele fun eyiti o beere ** alaye ti kikọ ati ẹri iwe-ipamọ *** (gẹgẹbi iwe-ẹri fowo si).

2. Ilana pataki "Awọn ẹtọ ati Awọn Idaabobo" fun Awọn ariyanjiyan Didara (12 C.F.R. § 1026.12 ©)¶

Kini ti oniṣowo kan ba fi nkan naa tabi iṣẹ naa ranṣẹ, ṣugbọn o jẹ abawọn, ti ko tọ, tabi o ṣẹ si atilẹyin ọja, ti oniṣowo naa kọ lati san pada fun ọ? Labẹ 12 C.F.R. § 1026.12© (15 U.S.C. § 1666i), o le da owo sisan lọwọ labẹ ofin lori kaadi kirẹditi rẹ ki o sọ gbogbo awọn ẹtọ ati awọn aabo ofin si banki kaadi kirẹditi ti o ni lodi si oniṣowo naa, ti pese:

1. O kọkọ ṣe ** igbiyanju igbagbọ to dara lati yanju ọran naa pẹlu oniṣowo naa *** (fipamọ awọn imeeli rẹ ti o beere lọwọ oniṣowo fun agbapada tabi atunṣe);
2. Iraja naa kọja $50 o si waye ni ilu ** ile rẹ tabi laarin awọn kilomita 160 (100 miles)* ti adirẹsi ifiweranṣẹ rẹ (awọn ile-ẹjọ ati awọn ofin nẹtiwọọki kaadi ni gbogbogbo tọju awọn aṣẹ ori ayelujara/foonu ti a firanṣẹ si ile rẹ bi o ti nwaye ni adirẹsi ile rẹ, ati ** awọn agbegbe ati awọn opin $50 ko waye rara *** ti oniṣowo naa ba ni aṣẹ nipasẹ kaadi ti o somọ firanse/firanse nipasẹ olufun kaadi); ati
3. Dọgbadọgba ti idiyele ariyanjiyan yẹn ti ** ko tii san ni pipa *** ni akoko ti o kọkọ fi leti fun banki tabi oniṣowo ariyanjiyan naa.

Awọn awoṣe Lẹta Awuyewuye: Ilana E Akiyesi Aṣiṣe ati Ilana Z Akiyesi Aṣiṣe ìdíyelé¶

Awoṣe 1: Ilana Ilana E ti Aṣiṣe (Fun Ṣiṣayẹwo, Kaadi Debit, ACH, tabi P2P Jegudujera)¶

Firanṣẹ nipasẹ **Ifọwọsi Iwe-ẹri USPS pẹlu Gbigba Ipadabọ Ti beere *** ATI gbejade si ọna abawọle ti banki rẹ laarin awọn ọjọ iṣowo 10 ti ijabọ foonu rẹ (ati laarin awọn ọjọ 60 ** ti ọjọ alaye naa):

SUBJECT: FORMAL NOTICE OF ERROR UNDER REGULATION E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11) AND DEMAND FOR PROVISIONAL CREDIT
DELIVERED VIA CERTIFIED MAIL (TRACKING #: [Insert Number]) AND SECURE MESSAGE

Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Bank Name], Electronic Fund Transfer Disputes / Fraud Department
Address: [Dispute Address Listed on Your Bank Statement / Deposit Agreement]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address, Phone Number, and Email]
Account Number: [Last 4 Digits of Checking/Savings Account, e.g., XXXX-1234]
Bank Claim Reference Number (from Phone Report on [Date]): [Insert Claim #]

To the Regulation E Disputes Department:

I am writing to provide formal written confirmation of an Unauthorized Electronic Fund Transfer error on my account ending in [1234], pursuant to the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. § 1693f) and Regulation E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11). I previously notified your institution by telephone on [Date of Call] at [Time].

ITEMIZED UNAUTHORIZED TRANSACTIONS DISPUTED:
1. Date: [Date] | Merchant/Recipient: [Name] | Type: [ACH Debit / Debit Card / Zelle] | Amount: $[Amount]
2. Date: [Date] | Merchant/Recipient: [Name] | Type: [ACH Debit / Debit Card / Zelle] | Amount: $[Amount]
3. Resulting Bank Overdraft / NSF Fees Charged on [Dates]: $[Amount]
TOTAL AMOUNT IN ERROR: $[Total Amount]

STATEMENT OF FACTS AND WHY THIS IS AN ERROR:
I did not authorize, initiate, participate in, or receive any benefit from the electronic fund transfer(s) listed above. [Choose applicable facts:]
- [Option A - Stolen Credentials / Social Engineering / Account Takeover:] My account credentials / one-time passcode were obtained by a third-party perpetrator through fraud and deception. Under 12 C.F.R. § 1005.2(m) and Official CFPB Staff Commentary 12 C.F.R. § 1005.6(b)-2, a transfer initiated by a person who obtained access credentials through fraud is an unauthorized EFT, and alleged consumer negligence cannot be used to impose liability beyond the statutory limits of Regulation E.
- [Option B - Unauthorized or Revoked ACH Debit:] I never authorized [Company Name] to debit my account [OR I formally revoked my authorization with (Company Name) in writing on (Date), prior to this debit, as shown in attached Exhibit A]. I request an immediate return of this item under NACHA Return Code [R10 / R07].

STATUTORY DEMAND FOR PROVISIONAL CREDIT AND RECORDS:
Pursuant to 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(c), if your investigation cannot be completed within 10 business days of my initial notice on [Date of Phone Call], you are legally required to provisionally credit my account for the full disputed amount of $[Total Amount] (including all associated overdraft fees) no later than the 10th business day.

If you determine that no error occurred, please take notice that pursuant to 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(d)(1), I hereby request copies of all documents, electronic IP/device logs, and records upon which you relied in making that determination.

Sincerely,

[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Copy of FTC Identity Theft Report (#[Number]), Local Police Report (#[Number]), and Highlighted Bank Statement

Àdàkọ 2: Ìlànà Ìṣàkóso Ìṣàfilọ́lẹ̀ Z Akiyesi Aṣiṣe Idiyelé (Fun Awọn ariyanjiyan Kaadi Kirẹditi)¶

Mail nipasẹ **Iwe-ifọwọsi USPS *** si adirẹsi **“Awọn ibeere Sisanwo / Awọn ariyanjiyan” ti a tẹjade lori ẹhin alaye kaadi kirẹditi oṣooṣu rẹ laarin awọn ọjọ kalẹnda 60 ** ti ọjọ alaye naa:

SUBJECT: NOTICE OF BILLING ERROR UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT BILLING ACT (15 U.S.C. § 1666 / 12 C.F.R. § 1026.13)
Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Credit Card Issuer Name], Billing Inquiries Department
Address: [Exact Billing Inquiries Address from Back of Credit Card Statement]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address and Phone Number]
Credit Card Account Number: [XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1234]

To Whom It May Concern:

I am writing to dispute a billing error on my credit card statement dated [Statement Date] pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act (15 U.S.C. § 1666) and Regulation Z (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13), and to assert my statutory right to withhold payment under 12 C.F.R. § 1026.12(c).

DISPUTED TRANSACTION DETAILS:
Transaction Date: [Date] | Posting Date: [Date] | Merchant Name: [Merchant] | Disputed Amount: $[Amount]

REASON FOR BILLING ERROR DISPUTE:
[Select applicable reason:]
- [Unauthorized Use (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13(a)(1)):] Neither I nor any person authorized by me made this charge or received any goods or services from this transaction.
- [Undelivered / Non-Conforming Goods (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13(a)(3)):] I was billed for merchandise/services that were never delivered as agreed [or were delivered materially damaged/defective and rejected]. As shown in the attached emails (Exhibit A), I contacted the merchant on [Dates] in a good-faith effort to resolve this issue and return the item, but the merchant refused to issue a refund.

Please acknowledge receipt of this notice in writing within 30 days, suspend all collection and finance charges on the disputed $[Amount] during your investigation, and credit my account in full.

Sincerely,

[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Exhibit A (Merchant Emails, Return Tracking Receipt, Order Confirmation, and Photos)

Bii o ṣe le yi kiko banki kan pada nigbati kirẹditi ipese rẹ ba yipada¶

Loorekoore, banki kan yoo funni ni kirẹditi ipese igba diẹ ni Ọjọ 10, ṣe ayẹwo adaṣe adaṣe iṣẹju 2 iṣẹju ti o jẹrisi pe olè lo ID ẹrọ rẹ tabi ilu IP, ati firanṣẹ lẹta kiko igbomikana kan si ọ ni Ọjọ 44 ti n sọ pe: “A ko rii aṣiṣe kankan ati pe yoo san kirẹditi ipese pada kuro ninu akọọlẹ rẹ ni awọn ọjọ iṣowo 5.”

Ṣe awọn igbesẹ igbega mẹrin wọnyi lẹsẹkẹsẹ lati fi ipa mu iyipada kan:

1. ** Fi agbara mu Ifipamọ Ọjọ-Iṣowo-5 rẹ ṣaaju ki wọn san awọn owo ipese pada: *** Labẹ ** 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11 (d) (2) ***, nigbati ile-ifowopamọ ba fagilee kirẹditi ipese kan, o gbọdọ fun ọ ni akiyesi kikọ ti ọjọ gangan ati iye ti debiti ATI ** gbọdọ tẹsiwaju lati bọwọ fun gbogbo awọn sọwedowo, awọn iyaworan, ati awọn sisanwo ti ẹnikẹta lati akọọlẹ rẹ laisi gbigba agbara eyikeyi awọn idiyele apọju fun awọn ọjọ iṣowo ni kikun 5 lẹhin fifiranṣẹ ifagile naa si iye owo naa). Lo awọn ọjọ iṣowo 5 wọnyẹn lati san iyalo to ṣe pataki / awọn owo iwUlO tabi gbe awọn owo ti ko ni iṣiro ti o ba nilo.
2. ** Ṣe iranṣẹ Ibeere Iwe-aṣẹ ti a kọ silẹ fun Gbogbo Awọn iwe aṣẹ iwadii (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11 (d) (1)):** Pupọ awọn banki kuna lati ṣe iwadii tootọ. Nigbati o ba firanṣẹ ibeere kikọ ni deede ti o nbeere gbogbo awọn iwe aṣẹ, awọn iforukọsilẹ adirẹsi IP, awọn ika ọwọ ẹrọ, awọn iwe adehun oniṣowo, ati awọn gbigbasilẹ ipe ti banki gbarale lati kọ ẹtọ rẹ, awọn agbẹjọro ibamu inu ile-ifowopamọ ṣe atunyẹwo faili naa ati nigbagbogbo yi kiko naa dipo ki wọn gba pe wọn ko ni ẹri to ni ofin.
3. ** Ṣalọ ẹdun ilana ilana pẹlu CFPB (tabi Federal Reserve / OCC / NCUA):** Lọ si consumerfinance.gov/complaint ki o si fi ẹdun alaye kan ti o so lẹta rẹ Regulation E, Ijabọ ole Idanimọ FTC rẹ, Ijabọ ọlọpa rẹ, ati kiko igbomikana ile ifowo pamo. Nipa ofin, awọn banki nla gbọdọ dahun ni kikọ si CFPB laarin awọn ọjọ 15 ** nipasẹ Ọfiisi Escalation Regulatory Regulatory (kii ṣe ile-iṣẹ ipe ti o sẹ ọ).
4. ** Pe awọn bibajẹ Treble ati Awọn idiyele Attorney ti o jẹ dandan (15 U.S.C. §§ 1693f (e) & 1693m):** Labẹ Ofin Gbigbe Owo Itanna (15 U.S.C. § 1693f (e)), ti ile-ifowopamọ ba kuna lati ṣe atunto akọọlẹ rẹ ni akoko ipari, o kuna lati ṣe iwadii ọjọ 10 ti o dara. Ati ki o mọọmọ pinnu pe akọọlẹ rẹ ko ni aṣiṣe nigbati iru ipari ko le ni idi ti a ti fa lati ẹri naa, ** ile ifowo pamo jẹ oniduro fun ọ ni kootu ijọba fun awọn ibajẹ TREBLE (3x awọn bibajẹ gangan rẹ) pẹlu awọn bibajẹ ofin ($ 100 si $ 1,000) pẹlu 100 ogorun ti awọn idiyele ofin agbejoro onibara rẹ ati awọn idiyele ile-ẹjọ ***. Awọn agbẹjọro aabo onibara (ti a rii nipasẹ National Association of Consumer Advocates ni consumeradvocates.org) nigbagbogbo gba ilana ti o lagbara E ni awọn ọran kiko ni idiyele odo iwaju si alabara nitori banki gbọdọ san awọn idiyele ofin rẹ.

Awọn ibeere ti a beere nigbagbogbo¶

Awọn orisun ṣayẹwo¶

• ** Ajọ Idaabobo Iṣowo Olumulo (CFPB, United States):** * Ofin Gbigbe Owo Itanna (15 U.S.C. § 1693 et aaya.) ati Ilana E (12 C.F.R. Apá 1005, §§ 1005.2 (m), 1005.6, 100105.0.0. Ilana E (Afikun I), ati * Iwe itẹjade Ijẹwọgbigba CFPB ati Awọn Gbigbe Owo Itanna Awọn ibeere FAQ (Awọn EFT ti ko ni aṣẹ ati Imọ-iṣe Awujọ).
• ** Ajọ Idaabobo Iṣowo Olumulo ati Igbimọ Iṣowo Federal (United States):** * Otitọ ni Ofin Yiya / Ofin Idiyele Kirẹditi ododo (15 U.S.C. §§ 1643, 1666, 1666i) ati Ilana Z (12 C.F.R. §§ 1026.12, 1026.13).
• ** National Automated Clearing House Association (NACHA, United States):** * Awọn Ofin Ṣiṣẹ ati Awọn Itọsọna NACHA (Gbólóhùn kikọ ti Debit Laigba aṣẹ / WSUD ati Awọn koodu Idi Ipadabọ R07 ati R10)*.
• ** Awọn sisanwo Ilu Kanada ati Ile-iṣẹ Olumulo Owo ti Ilu Kanada (FCAC, Canada): *** Awọn sisanwo Ofin Kanada H1 (Awọn Debits / PADs ti a fun ni aṣẹ-tẹlẹ, Ofin ipadabọ Olumulo 90-ọjọ) * ati * Koodu ihuwasi fun Ile-iṣẹ Kaadi Kirẹditi ati Debit *.
• ** Olutọsọna Awọn ọna isanwo (PSR), Alaṣẹ Iṣaṣe Owo (FCA), ati Iṣẹ Aṣoju Owo (United Kingdom):** * Awọn Ilana Iṣẹ Isanwo 2017*, Ofin Kirẹditi Olumulo 1974 (Abala 75), ati PSR Aṣẹ Titari Isanwo (APP) Awọn Ofin Isanwo Ẹtan.
• ** Awọn Aabo ati Igbimọ Idoko-owo Ọstrelia (ASIC, Australia):** * koodu ePayments (Awọn iṣowo laigba aṣẹ ati Awọn sisanwo Intanẹẹti Aṣiṣe)*.

Jẹmọ awọn itọsọna¶

• Ṣayẹwo wiwẹ, jibiti mail ayẹwo jegudujera, ati iro owo ká ayẹwo itanjẹ
• Jegudujera onirin ohun ini ile tita ati ilana iranti banki pajawiri
• Ikuna banki, awọn akọọlẹ tio tutunini, ati imularada FDIC
• Owo ilokulo ati awon nkan
• Lairotẹlẹ owo inira triage
• Awọn nọmba pajawiri nipasẹ orilẹ-ede