Kupesa mbongo na banki kukonda nswa, mavwanga ya Nsiku E, mpi banswa ya kuvutula mbongo¶
Banimero ya urgence ke swaswanaka na insi. Lutiti yai ke sadilaka 911, nimero ya États-Unis mpi ya Canada. Bansi mingi yankaka kesadilaka 112, 999, to ntalu yankaka. Sosa nimero ya insi na beno.
Kumona nde konti na nge ya mbongo me mana sambu na ba transfert ya ACH yina bo me pesa ve nswa, kubasisa mbongo na karte ya debit yina bo me clone, kubaka ba application ya kufuta mbongo na nzila ya peer-to-peer (P2P), to kufuta mbongo ya luvunu na karte ya mfuka kele diambu mosi ya mpasi ya mbongo. Na kuswaswana ti luvunu ya karte ya mfuka, kisika nge ketulaka ntembe na nzila ya mfuka ya banki, ba transfert ya mbongo na nzila ya Internet (EFT) yina bo mepesa ve nswa kekatulaka mbongo ya kyeleka na konti na nge ya mbongo, ebuna yo kesalaka nde mbala mosi mbongo ya kufutila nzo mpi ya bisalu ya leta kuvutuka na nima.
Misiku ya banki ya leta mpi ya bansi mingi, mingi-mingi Nsiku ya États-Unis ya ke tadila kupesa mbongo na nzila ya Internet (EFTA / Nsiku E, 12 C.F.R. Kitini 1005), Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Badepanse na Mutindu ya Lunungu (FCBA / Nsiku Z, 12 C.F.R. Kitini 1026), Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Bamfuka na Banki H1, mpi Nsiku ya UK ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Bamfuka na Nge mosi, mpi Nsiku ya UK yina ke tadilaka Kufuta Bamfuka na Nge mosi. kubasisa mbongo ya ntangu fioti na nsungi ya bilumbu 10 ya kisalu. Kansi, babanki kebuyaka mbala na mbala mambu ya luvunu ya nsiku na kutulaka na mutindu ya mbi bansangu ya bo meyibaka bonso “yina bo mepesaka nswa,” na kutulaka nsiku ya ngolo ya kupesa rapore na bilumbu 2 mpi na bilumbu 60, to na kukonda kusala bansosa yina nsiku kelombaka katula kaka kana nge binga banswa na nge ya nsiku na mukanda.
Sala yo sesepi¶
- Kanga mbala mosi karte to konti ya mbongo yina bo me bebisa mpi binga Departema ya Luvunu ya banki: Kangula appli na nge ya banki ya telefone sesepi yai sambu na kukanga karte na nge ya debit to ya mfuka, na nima binga nimero yina kele na nima ya karte na nge mpi lomba na sikisiki yonso Service général des clients de fraude et des disputes électroniquesce. Lomba nde banki kukatula karte yina bo me kotisa na kigonsa, tula Bloque de débit / Congelation de compte ya ngolo ya ACH na konti na nge ya mbongo, mpi kangula Reclamation de transfert électronique de fonds sans autorisation de la Règlement E (sambu na débit/chèque/P2P) to Dispute d’erreur de facturation du Réglement Z (sambu na mfuka).
- Kuzabisa luvunu ya karte ya debit mpi ya konti ya mbongo na nsungi ya bilumbu 2 ya kisalu sambu na kukanga ntalu ya mbongo yina nge mevidisa na badolare 50 (to badolare 0): Na nsi ya Nsiku ya leta E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.6), mukumba na nge mosi ya mbongo sambu na karte ya debit yina mevila to yina bo meyiba to sambu na kukota na konti ya mbongo yina bo mesala na kigonsa ke twadisamaka na nsiku mosi ya ngolo. Kupesa rapore na nsungi ya bilumbu 2 ya kisalu na nima ya kuzaba nde nge me vidisa kima mosi ke kangaka mbongo yina nge fwete futa na nsiku na $50 (mpi \(0 na kutadila bansiku ya Visa/Mastercard Zero Liability); kuvingila bilumbu 2 ya kisalu meluta kepusaka ntalu ya mbongo yina nge fwete futa na nsiku tii na **\)500**, mpi kuvingila kuluta bilumbu 60 ya manaka banda na kilumbu yina bo tindaka mukanda ya banki ketulaka nge na kigonsa ya 100 na kati ya nkama ya kuvidisa kukonda ndilu ya bima yina bo yibaka na nima.
- Landa telefone na nge ti mukanda ya Nsangu ya Kifu na nzila ya mukanda ya bo me ndima na nsungi ya bilumbu 10 ya kisalu: Na nsi ya 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(b)(2), kana nge me pesa rapore ya transfere électronique yina bo me pesa ve nswa na nzila ya telefone, banki kele ti nswa ya nsiku ya kulomba nde bo ndimisa nge na mukanda na nsungi ya bilumbu 10 ya kisalu, mpi kana nge tinda ve mukanda yina ya kusonika, banki kele ti nswa ya nsiku ya kupesa nge mbongo ya bilumbu 10 ntangu boke sala bansosa na mbongo ya ntangu fioti. Ntangu yonso tinda Nsangu ya Kifu ya Nsiku E (to Nsangu ya Kifu ya Kufuta Nsiku Z) ya bo me tula diboko na nzila ya mukanda ya bo me ndima mpi nsangu ya lutaninu mbala mosi.
- Katula nswa ya debit ya ACH yina ke vutukilaka na kusadilaka Kukatula ya Kusonika mpi Nsiku ya Kukanga Kufuta na Banki: Kana muntu yina ke defisaka mbongo, gym, muntu ya ke tekaka bima yina ke salaka abonema, to muntu yina ke salaka abonema ke buya kukatula mbongo ya ACH yina ke vutukilaka na konti na nge ya mbongo, tinda e-mail ya kukatula mbongo na muntu yina ke tekaka na banki atop yourPa-S Nsiku / Bloque ya Kukatula ya ACH ata bilumbu tatu ya kisalu na ntwala ya debit yina bo me yidika sambu na kulanda (12 C.F.R. § 1005.10©).
- Kupesa rapore ya polisi mpe Rapore ya Kuyiba ya Identité ya FTC samu na kununga mambu ya kubuya "luvunu ya kinduku": Ba banki ke buyaka mbala mingi mambu ya Nsiku E ke tubaka na kutubaka ti nge, muntu ya dibuta, to muntu yina nge pesaka telefone na nge samu na kusala transfert. Na mbala mosi, sonika rapore na Internet na .
IdentityTheft.gov(kusala Rapore ya Kuyiba ya Kimuntu ya FTC ya leta yina me zenga kieleka) mpi kupesa rapore ya bapolisi ya bwala na beno (to binga nzila ya bapolisi ya bwala na beno yina kele ve ya urgence; kana nge kele na kigonsa ya nitu nswalu sambu na muyibi to kubaka mbongo na kintulumukina, binga nimero ya urgence ya bwala na beno: 911 na États-Unis mpi na Canada, 112 na UE check na beto, 999 nimero ya urgence). Kanga banimero yonso zole ya rapore na mambu yina nge me sonika na banki. - Lomba mikanda ya bansosa ya banki kana bo me buya mambu ya nge ke lomba, mpi kwenda na CFPB: Na nsi ya 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(d)(1), kana banki mosi me buya mambu yina nge ke lomba na Nsiku E mpi me vutula mfuka na nge ya ntangu fioti, nge kele ti nswa ya mvimba ya nsiku ke pesa ya kulomba bakopi ya ofele ya mikanda yonso, ya IP, ya ba ID ya apareyi, mpi ya banoti ya bansosa yina banki vandaka kutula ntima sambu na kubuya mambu yina nge ke lomba, mpi ya kupesa mukanda ya ke lomba nde bo pesa nge mbongo, mpi ya kupesa mukanda ya ke lomba nde bo pesa nge nswa ya kusala bansosa. Biro ya Lutaninu (
consumerfinance.gov/complaint).
flowchart TD
Fraud["Kumona Mfuka ya Bo Me Pesa Ve Nswa, Debit ya ACH, Kuyiba Karte ya Debit, to Transfert ya P2P"] --> Type{"1. Nkia mpila ya Rail ya Futa Basadilanga?"}
Type -->|Credit Card| RegZ["Nsiku Z (FCBA, 12 CFR 1026.13): Mfuka ya Kuluta Kuluta 50 $ (Nsiku ya Réseau ya 0 $) | Tinda Nsangu ya Kifu ya Facture ya Kusonika na Nsungi ya Bilumbu 60 ya Kupesa Deklarasio"]
Type -->|Debit Card, Checking ACH, or P2P App| RegE["Nsiku E (EFTA, 12 CFR 1005): Binga Banki Nswalu mpi Tinda Nsangu ya Kusonika ya Kifu"]
RegE --> Clock{"2. Nga e Cartão de Débito / Appareil de Accès Físico yavila yovo yayibwa?"}
Clock -->|Reported Within 2 Business Days| Tier1["Niveau 1 Cap ya Mukumba: Kuvidisa ya Kukonda Badolare 50 (Badolare 0 Na Nsi ya Visa/Mastercard Kukonda Mukumba)"]
Clock -->|Reported Day 3 to Day 60| Tier2["Tier 2 Liability Cap: Tii na badolare 500 ya Nsiku ya Ke Pesaka Bantu Kiyeka Sambu na Kupesa Bima Yina Kukonda Kupesa Nswa"]
Clock -->|Card Not Lost: Stolen Number, Skimmer, or Unauthorized ACH / P2P Hack| NoCard["Zero Liability sambu na Bilumbu 60 ya Ntete Na Nima ya Kupesa Deklarasio na Poste (Fwete Pesa Rapore Na Nsungi ya Bilumbu 60 Na nima ya Kupesa Deklarasio)"]
Tier1 --> Prov["3. Banki Fwete Sala Bansosa Na Nsungi ya Bilumbu 10 ya Kisalu TO Kubasisa Mbongo ya Ntangu Fioti Na Konti Na Nge Na Kilumbu ya 10 (Tii na Bilumbu 45/90 ya Nsuka)"]
Tier2 --> Prov
NoCard --> Prov
RegZ --> CreditHold["Banki Fwete Ndima Na Nsungi ya Bilumbu 30, Kukanga Mbongo ya Bo Ketubila + Intérêt, mpi Kuyidika Na Nsungi ya Bilumbu 2 ya Kufuta Facture (Max 90 Jours)"]
Prov --> Denied{"4. Nga Banki Ke Buya Kulomba Mambu?"}
Denied -->|Yes| Escalate["Lomba Mikanda Yonso ya Bansosa Na Nsi ya 12 CFR 1005.11(d)(1), Dosie ya FTC Kuyiba Kimuntu + Rapore ya Bapolisi, & Dosie ya CFPB / Kufunda ya Muntu ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Bantu"]
Nsiku E (Debit, ACH, P2P) ti Nsiku Z (Bakarte ya Mfuka): Kufwanisa banswa yina nsiku ke pesaka .¶
Kubakisa nki nsiku ke twadisaka mbongo na nge ya bo me yiba to yina bo ke tula ntembe kele mfunu mingi sambu bakarte ya mfuka mpi kutinda mbongo na konti ya banki ke salaka na kulanda bansiku ya leta, bantangu mpi bansiku ya kuswaswana kibeni ya ke tadila mambu ya mumbongo.
| Kikalulu ya Nsiku | Nsiku E (Nsiku ya Kupesa Mbongo na nzila ya Internet / 12 C.F.R. Kitini 1005) | Nsiku Z (Kyeleka na Kudefisa & Nsiku ya Kufuta Badepanse ya Lunungu / 12 C.F.R. Kitini 1026) | Nsiku ya kisalu ya NACHA / Bansiku ya ke fwanana ti yo na bansi mingi (Canada, Royaume-Uni, UE, Australie) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mambu ya bo me sala | Bakarte ya debit, kubasisa mbongo na ATM, kutala/kubumba mbongo na ACH, kufuta bafaktire na Internet, mpi ba aplikasio P2P ya bantu yina ke sadilaka bima (Zelle, Venmo, Cash App, PayPal). | Bakarte ya mfuka, bakarte ya kufuta mbongo, mpi banzila ya mfuka yina ke balukaka ya kukangula. | NACHA ya États-Unis: Bamfuka ya ACH ya konsomatere (R10 / R07).Kanada: Kufuta Nsiku ya Kanada H1. UK: Regs ya bisalu ya kufuta / APP Kuvutula mbongo ya luvunu. Australie: Nsiku ya Kufuta mbongo na nzila ya Internet. |
| Mbongo ya nani ke konda na ntangu ya kukonda kuwakana? | Mbongo na nge ya kieleka kele ve na konti na nge ya mbongo tii kuna banki ta basisa mbongo ya ntangu fioti. | Mbongo ya banki kele na kukangama; banki fwete kanga mbongo ya bo me funda yandi mpi mbongo yina bo me lomba yandi na ntangu ya bansosa. | Mbongo na nge kele ve tii kuna bo ta vutudila nge yo (na nsungi ya kilumbu 1 ya kisalu na nsi ya UK PSR / EU PSD2, to na ntangu ya kupesa WSUD na nsi ya Nsiku ya NACHA/Canada H1). |
| Kisika ya Nsiku ya Kupesa Nswa Sambu na Kusadila Kukonda Nswa | Tiered na vitesi ya rapore: • Na kati ya bilumbu 2 ya kisalu ya kulonguka karti ya kuvila/yiba: Max $50. • Kilumbu ya 3 tii na Kilumbu ya 60: Max \(500**.<br/>• **Na nima ya bilumbu 60** banda na kilumbu ya deklarasio: **Kukonda ndilu (100% ya kuvidisa)** sambu na ba transfert yina ke salama na nima ya kilumbu ya 60.<br/>*(Noti: Kana karte na nge ya kinsuni me vilaka VE, mu mbandu, skimming ya karte, kufwa bansangu, to debit ya ACH ya kukonda nswa, kiyeka kele **\)0 kana nge me pesa rapore na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya kilumbu ya deklarasio).* |
Nsiku ya ngolo ya 50 \(** (15 U.S.C. § 1643) ata nge me pesa rapore na kilumbu ya 1 to na kilumbu ya 50, bo me kulumusa yo na **\)0 na kulanda bansiku ya réseau ya Visa, Mastercard, Amex, mpi Discover ya bantu yonso. | US NACHA: 100% ya mvimba kana bo me tula diboko na Mukanda ya Kusonika ya Debit ya Kukonda Kupesa Nswa (WSUD) na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya deklarasio. Canada (Nsiku H1): Bilumbu 90 ya manaka sambu na kuvutula mbongo ya debi yina bo me pesa nswa ya kusala na ntwala (PAD). UK / UE (PSD2): Ngonda 13 sambu na kuzabisa mbongo yina bo me futa ve; max £35 / €50 ya mfuka. |
| Bilumbu ya nsuka ya mfuka mpi ya bansosa | Banki fwete yidika mambu na nsungi ya bilumbu 10 ya kisalu, TO kutula mbongo na konti na nge ya mbongo sambu na ntangu fyoti sambu na ntalu ya mvimba yina bo ketula ntembe (kukatula max $50) na ntwala ya Kilumbu ya Kisalu 10 na ntangu yandi kebaka tii na bilumbu 45 ya manaka (to bilumbu 90 sambu na bakonti ya mpa, ATM ya banzenza, to kusala bansosa na kisika ya kuteka. | Banki fwete ndima kukonda kuwakana na nge ya kusonika na nsungi ya bilumbu 30, kukanga mbala mosi kufuta mbongo na zulu ya mbongo yina bo ke lomba, mpi kuyidika kukonda kuwakana yina na nsungi ya bilumbu 2 ya mvimba ya kufuta mbongo (bilumbu 90 ya kuluta ve). | UK PSR / EU PSD2: Banki fwete vutula mbongo ya bo me futa na nzila ya Internet yina bo me pesa ve nswa na nsuka ya kilumbu ya kisalu yina ke landa (D+1) katula kaka kana yandi kele ti bikuma ya mbote ya kuyindula nde muntu ya ntete me kusa yandi. |
| Lutaninu Ntangu Muteki Ke Nataka Bima ya Kukonda Kifu to Ke Kusa Nge | Ata lutaninu mosi ve ya nsiku na nsi ya Reg E kana nge me pesa nswa na luzolo na nge mosi ya kufuta (ata bansiku ya kufuta mbongo na réseau ya Visa/Mastercard ke tadila kaka kusumba bima na nzila ya karte). | Lutaninu ya ngolo ya nsiku: Ke fika bima yina bo me tinda ve, bima yina kele ti bifu/ya luvunu, ntalu ya mbi yina bo me lomba, TI Nsiku ya "Kulomba mpi Kutanina" (12 C.F.R. § 1026.12©) sambu na mambu ya me tala bima yina me luta $50 (100.000) na Internet. | UK Section 75 Consumer Credit Act 1974: Muntu yina ke basisaka karte ya mfuka kele ti mukumba kumosi ti muntu yina ke tekaka bima sambu yandi me fwa kontra to me tuba mambu ya mbi na yina me tala bima yina yandi me sumba banda na £100 tii na 30 000 £. |
Mutindu ya kununga na mvita ya Nsiku E sambu na karte ya debit, ACH, to P2P yina bo me pesa ve nswa ya kutindila mbongo .¶
Babanki ti baplatforme ya fintech kevidisaka bamiliare ya badolare sambu na luvunu ya elektroniki konso mvula mpi mbala mingi bo kelongaka mimonisi ya ntwala na kubuya mambu yina bakiliya ketubaka na mutindu ya mbote. Kuzaba masonama ya sikisiki ya Nsiku E (12 C.F.R. Kitini 1005) mpi lutwadisu ya leta yina Biro ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Mbongo ya Bantu Yina Ke Sadilaka Bima (CFPB) ke pesaka sambu na kuzitisa bansiku ke sadisaka nge na kukatula bikuma iya yina banki ke pesaka bantu mingi:
1. Kunungisa "Muntu Mosi Me Sadila Mot de Passe, PIN, to Code 2FA Na Nge" Kubuya .¶
Kana muntu mosi ya ke kusaka nge ke kusa nge sambu na kusonga nge code d’accès (OTP) ya mbala mosi, nsangu ya kukota na banki, to PIN na kukusaka nge bonso departema ya luvunu ya banki na nge, kimvuka mosi ya luyalu, to lusadisu ya teknolozi, to ke yiba telefone na nge na bar mpi ke kangula application na nge ya banki, babanki ke buyaka mbala na mbala mambu yina na kutubaka nde: *IN-factor was the two password: *,"Be, or password the two: "Becaca, or password" kotaka, yai vandaka kisalu mosi ya bo me pesa nswa."
Kubuya yina ya banki kele mpenza ya kukonda nsiku na nsiku ya leta:
- 12 Nsikudukusu § 1005.2(m) Ntendula ya "Kupesa Mbongo na Nzila ya Kukonda Nswa": Na nsi ya Nsiku E mpi ya Bangiufula ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Kupesa Mbongo na Nzila ya Kupesa Mbongo ya CFPB, kupesa mbongo na nzila ya Internet yina me yantika na muntu ya nkaka yina me baka code ya kukota ya konsomatere (karte, telefone, fra2ud) muyibi, to luvunu ya inzeniere ya kimvuka** kele EFT ya kukonda nswa yina bo ke taninaka na Nsiku E.
- Kukonda dikebi ya ba konsomatere lenda salama ve sambu na kubuya mambu yina nge ke lomba (Komantere ya bantu ya kisalu ya leta 12 C.F.R. Kitini 1005, Supp. I, Komantere 6(b)-2): Bantendula ya leta ya kusadila ya Reserve fédérale mpi ya CFPB ke tuba pwelele nde: "Kukonda dikebi ya bantu yina ke sadilaka bima lenda vanda ve mfunu kuluta permissible sous le Réglement E. Na mutindu yina, bikalulu ya konsomatere yina lenda vanda kikalulu ya kukonda dikebi na kutadila nsiku ya leta, mu mbandu kusonika PIN na karte ya debit to na mukanda ya bo ke bumbaka ti karte, ke vandaka ve ti bupusi na mukumba ya konsomatere sambu na mbongo yina bo me tinda kukonda kupesa nswa." Kana banki mosi me songa nge nde bo ke buya " lien mosi ya bo ke bingaka phigen a claim in" kode na muntu mosi ya luvunu yina kotaka na konti na nge mpi basisaka mbongo na nzila ya telefone, cite Ntendula ya Leta 12 C.F.R. § 1005.6(b)-2 muna nsangu zaku zasonama.
2. Kutambula na App P2P Luswaswanu: Kubaka Konti (Kukonda Nswa) vs.¶
Kana bo me yiba mbongo na nzila ya Zelle, Venmo, Cash App, to PayPal, bambuma ke simbamaka na luswaswanu mosi ya mfunu ya mambu ya kieleka:
- Scénario A: Kubaka Konti ya Muntu ya Tatu / Kuyiba / Kuyiba Telefone (100% Couvert par le Règlement E): Kana muntu mosi ya mbi me kota na ordinatere na nge, me yiba telefone na nge ya mayele yina bo me kangula ve, me kusa nge na kupesa code 2FA sambu muntu yina ya mbi kukota na appli na nge mpi kuyantika transfert kele att, to sambu na EFT mosi ya bo me pesa ve nswa na nsi ya 12 C.F.R. § 1005.2(m) ye banki/app na nge fwete vutudila nge mbongo yonso.
- Scénario B: "Payement de push autorisé" Induit par fraude (Kisika nge me niema Tinda nge mosi): Kana muntu ya luvunu ya ke salaka mambu ya zola, mfumu ya nzo ya luvunu, to muntu ya luvunu ya ke salaka mambu ya luvunu ke ndimisa nge na kukangula appli na nge mosi mpi na luzolo yonso na kufina "Tinda" nge mosi Ata mpidina, babanki ya États-Unis ke tubaka ntangu yai nde transfert tatu yina vandaka na nsi ya " banzila ya kubeluka:
- Bansiku ya Kuvutula Mbongo ya Bantu ya Luvunu (Réseau Zelle & UK Mandatory APP Rules): Na nsi ya bansiku ya mpa ya kusadila réseau ya Zelle, babanki ya États-Unis yina ke vukanaka fwete vutula mbongo na bakiliya sambu na Balusaku ya luvunu yina muntu ya luvunu me sala bonso banki, kimvuka ya luyalu, kimvuka ya bisalu, to establir. Na Royaume-Uni, na nsi ya Bansiku ya Kuvutula Mbongo ya Luvunu ya APP ya Kelombaka nde Regulateur des Systèmes de Paiement (PSR), babanki fwete vutudila bantu yina bo mesala mbi sambu na luvunu ya Push Payment tii na £85,000 na nsungi ya bilumbu 5 ya kisalu (kukabula mbongo yina bo mefuta na kati ya 5/000).
- Kukonda Kuwakana ya Karti ya Kuluta: Kana nge me pesa mbongo na kisalu mosi ya Venmo, PayPal, to Cash App na kusadilaka karti ya mfuka to ya debit yina me vukana (na kisika ya kusadila salde ya banki mbala mosi) sambu na kusumba bima yina bo pesaka ve ata fioti to yina vandaka ya luvunu, pesa Nsiku Z / Karti ya Réseau ya Cargeback na banki yina ke futa mbongo mbala mosi.
- Kukonda Kukanga Bakonti ya Bantu Yina Ke Bakaka Mbongo ya Luvunu: Mutindu yo me monana na mambu yina luyalu ke funda bantu ya nene ya ke salaka P2P, kana banki me sala ve mambu na kulanda bansangu ya luvunu yina bo me pesa na ntwala ya konti ya muntu yina me baka mbongo to me sala ve mambu yina me fwana sambu na kutanina konti, tomisa AtPB na nge nswalu mpi.
3. Kukanga Badebi ya ACH yina bo me pesa ve nswa to yina bo me katula (Bakode ya Kuvutula ya NACHA ). R10 mpi R07)¶
Kana kompani mosi kebasisa mbongo mbala mosi na konti na nge ya mbongo na nzila ya nimero ya nzila mpi ya konti na nge (debit ya ACH) kukonda nswa, to kelanda na kubasisa mbongo na nima ya kukatula mbongo na nge ya kimvuka to ya kufuta mbongo ya nge defaka na kilumbu ya bo kefutaka nge, nge kele ti lutaninu zole na nsi ya Nsiku E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.10:Operating Rule**NHAAC©)
- Kota na filiale to binga banki na nge sambu na kutula diboko na "Declaration écrite de débit non autorisé" (WSUD): Na nsi ya bansiku ya NACHA, ntangu nge ke tula diboko na WSUD na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya manaka ya kilumbu ya deklarasio yina ke tuba nde debit yina bo pesaka ve ata fioti nswa (Code de raison de retour
R10) to nde nge katulaka ntete nswa yina nge pesaka ti muntu yina vandaka kuteka (Kode ya Kikuma ya Kuvutula .R07), banki na nge lenda vutula mbongo na banki ya komersa na nzila ya kisika ya kukatula mbongo ya ACH na nsungi ya bangunga 24 tii na 48 mpi kuvutula mbongo na konti na nge ya mbongo mbala mosi. - Kulomba kuvutula mbongo yonso ya me katuka na mbongo ya bo me basisa / NSF: Na nsi ya Nsiku E, kana EFT mosi ya bo me pesa ve nswa to debit yina bo me baka na nima ya kusala ntuma ya kukanga mbongo yina kele ti nswa ya kufuta mbongo ke katula mbongo na konti na nge ya mbongo mpi ke sala nde bafaktire tatu ya nkaka kuvutuka, banki fwete vutula kaka ve mbongo yina bo me yiba, kansi mpi ntalu ya mbongo yina bo me yiba, kansi mpi ntalu ya mbongo yina bo me yiba, kansi mpi mbongo yina bo me yiba. fees** yina me basika na debit yina bo me pesa ve nswa.
Kununga na Kuvutula Mfuka na Karte ya Mfuka na Nsiku Z (Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Mfuka ya Lunungu)¶
Bakarte ya mfuka ke taninaka bantu yina ke sumbaka bima na mutindu ya kuluta ngolo na mambu ya mbongo. Na nsi ya Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Mfuka ya Lunungu (FCBA, 15 U.S.C. § 1666 / Nsiku Z, 12 C.F.R. § 1026.13), kele ti mitindu zole ya kuswaswana ya nsiku ke sadilaka na karte na nge ya mfuka:
1. “Bifu ya Kufuta Bafaktire” ya Nsiku (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13): Nsuka ya Kusonika ya Bilumbu 60 ya Ngolo .¶
Na nsi ya Nsiku Z, "Kifu ya Kufuta" ya nsiku ke tadila kaka ve mambu ya luvunu yina nzenza me funda kukonda kupesa nswa, kansi mpi:
- Ba mbongo ya bima to bisalu nge ndimaka ve to yina bo pesaka ve mutindu beno wakana (mu mbandu, muntu ya mumbongo ke tinda kima ya mbote ve, ke nata bima ya kubeba yina nge buyaka/vutulaka, to ke katuka na kisalu na ntwala ya kunata bima na nge to avio).
- Kufuta mbongo na ntalu ya dolare ya kukonda lunungu to kufuta mbongo zole.
- Kukonda kutula credit ya kuvutula to kuvutula mbongo yina komersa mosi silaka nge.
- Ba mfuka yina nge ke lomba bantendula ya kusonika mpi banzikisa ya mikanda (bonso mukanda ya ke monisa nde nge me baka mbongo yina bo me tula diboko).
Kubula ‘Kukonda kuwakana’ na site internet ya karte ya mfuka ke basisaka ve ntangu yonso banswa ya mvimba ya nsiku ya FCBA .
Na nsi ya bamvula 12 C.F.R. § 1026.13(b), sambu na kuyantika lutaninu ya mvimba ya nsiku ya Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Bamfuka ya Lunungu, mu mbandu nsiku yina ke buyisaka kuzabisa nge nde nge me sala mbi na biro ya ke pesaka badepanse mpi kukanga nge mbongo tii na badolare 50 kana banki me fwa bansiku, nge fwete tinda adresi mosi ya kusonika ya ke tubila kifu ya kufuta mbongo "Na nsangu ya karte ya mfuka ya ngonda (kansi ve adresi ya kisika ya kufuta mbongo) na mpila nde yo kuma na banki na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya manaka na nima ya kutindila nge nsangu ya ntete ya ke monisa kifu, katula kaka kana banki me tuba pwelele na porte na yandi nde kutinda nsangu na nzila ya Internet ke taninaka banswa ya FCBA. Ntangu yonso, tinda mukanda ya bo me ndima na adresi yina bo ke bingaka Billing Inquiries katula kutula yo na Internet.
2. Nsiku ya Sipesiali ya “Kulomba mpi Kutanina” Sambu na Mavwanga ya Ketadila Kikalulu (12 C.F.R. § 1026.12©)¶
Adieyi tuvova kele vo nsumbidi otwasidi e lekwa yovo salu, kansi kiakala ye kifu, kiambi yovo kiafwana nsiku mia garantia, o nsumbidi kazolele kuvutulwila nzimbu ko? Na nsi ya bamvula 12 C.F.R. § 1026.12© (15 U.S.C. § 1666i), nge lenda buyisa kufuta mbongo na karti na nge ya mfuka mpi kutuba mambu yonso ya nsiku ke lomba mpi mambu yonso yina nge ke lomba na banki ya karti ya mfuka yina nge kele na yo na ntwala ya muntu yina ke tekaka, kana:
- Nge salaka ntete kumeka na lukwikilu ya mbote sambu na kuyidika diambu yina ti muteki (bumba ba e-mail na nge sambu na kulomba muteki na kuvutula mbongo to kuyidika kima mosi);
- Kusumba kulutaka $50 mpi kusalamaka na insi na beno to na kati ya bakilometre 160 (bakilometre 100) ya adresi na beno ya bo ketindilaka mikanda (bansiku ya tribinale mpi ya réseau ya karte ketadilaka mingimingi bakomande yina bo ketindilaka beno na nzila ya Internet/na telefone na nzo na beno bonso nde yo kesalamaka na adresi na beno, mpi **ba-affilich yai kesalamaka na adresi na beno, mpi **ba-affilich yai kele ve na ndilu ya $50 muntu yina pesaka karti to lombaka komande na nzila ya piblisite yina bo tindaka na nzila ya poste/e-mail na nzila ya muntu yina pesaka karti); mpi
- E nzimbu za sisa za nzimbu zazi za ntantani ke zafutwa ko muna ntangwa yazayisa ntete e banki yovo nsumbidi e diambu diadi.
Bambandu ya Mikanda ya Kukonda Kuwakana ya Kimfumu: Nsiku E Nsangu ya Kifu mpi Nsiku Z Nsangu ya Kifu ya Kufuta Facture¶
Modèle 1: Nsikudukusu ya Kimfumu E Nsangu ya Kifu (Sambu na Kutala, Karti ya Debit, ACH, to Kukusa P2P)¶
Tinda na nzila ya USPS Certified Mail ti Reçu de retour demandé MPE tula yo na porte ya lutaninu ya banki na nge na nsungi ya bilumbu 10 ya kisalu ya rapore na nge ya telefone (mpi na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya kilumbu ya nge me pesa rapore):
SUBJECT: FORMAL NOTICE OF ERROR UNDER REGULATION E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11) AND DEMAND FOR PROVISIONAL CREDIT
DELIVERED VIA CERTIFIED MAIL (TRACKING #: [Insert Number]) AND SECURE MESSAGE
Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Bank Name], Electronic Fund Transfer Disputes / Fraud Department
Address: [Dispute Address Listed on Your Bank Statement / Deposit Agreement]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address, Phone Number, and Email]
Account Number: [Last 4 Digits of Checking/Savings Account, e.g., XXXX-1234]
Bank Claim Reference Number (from Phone Report on [Date]): [Insert Claim #]
To the Regulation E Disputes Department:
I am writing to provide formal written confirmation of an Unauthorized Electronic Fund Transfer error on my account ending in [1234], pursuant to the Electronic Fund Transfer Act (15 U.S.C. § 1693f) and Regulation E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11). I previously notified your institution by telephone on [Date of Call] at [Time].
ITEMIZED UNAUTHORIZED TRANSACTIONS DISPUTED:
1. Date: [Date] | Merchant/Recipient: [Name] | Type: [ACH Debit / Debit Card / Zelle] | Amount: $[Amount]
2. Date: [Date] | Merchant/Recipient: [Name] | Type: [ACH Debit / Debit Card / Zelle] | Amount: $[Amount]
3. Resulting Bank Overdraft / NSF Fees Charged on [Dates]: $[Amount]
TOTAL AMOUNT IN ERROR: $[Total Amount]
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND WHY THIS IS AN ERROR:
I did not authorize, initiate, participate in, or receive any benefit from the electronic fund transfer(s) listed above. [Choose applicable facts:]
- [Option A - Stolen Credentials / Social Engineering / Account Takeover:] My account credentials / one-time passcode were obtained by a third-party perpetrator through fraud and deception. Under 12 C.F.R. § 1005.2(m) and Official CFPB Staff Commentary 12 C.F.R. § 1005.6(b)-2, a transfer initiated by a person who obtained access credentials through fraud is an unauthorized EFT, and alleged consumer negligence cannot be used to impose liability beyond the statutory limits of Regulation E.
- [Option B - Unauthorized or Revoked ACH Debit:] I never authorized [Company Name] to debit my account [OR I formally revoked my authorization with (Company Name) in writing on (Date), prior to this debit, as shown in attached Exhibit A]. I request an immediate return of this item under NACHA Return Code [R10 / R07].
STATUTORY DEMAND FOR PROVISIONAL CREDIT AND RECORDS:
Pursuant to 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(c), if your investigation cannot be completed within 10 business days of my initial notice on [Date of Phone Call], you are legally required to provisionally credit my account for the full disputed amount of $[Total Amount] (including all associated overdraft fees) no later than the 10th business day.
If you determine that no error occurred, please take notice that pursuant to 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(d)(1), I hereby request copies of all documents, electronic IP/device logs, and records upon which you relied in making that determination.
Sincerely,
[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Copy of FTC Identity Theft Report (#[Number]), Local Police Report (#[Number]), and Highlighted Bank Statement
Modèle 2: Nsangu ya Kifu ya Kufuta Bafaktire ya Nsiku ya Kimfumu Z (Sambu na Mavwanga ya Karti ya Mfuka)¶
Tinda mukanda na nzila ya USPS Certified Mail na adresi "Bangiufula ya Kufuta / Mavwanga" yina bo me sonika na nima ya mukanda ya karte na nge ya mbongo ya konso ngonda na nsungi ya bilumbu 60 ya manaka banda na kilumbu ya mukanda yina:
SUBJECT: NOTICE OF BILLING ERROR UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT BILLING ACT (15 U.S.C. § 1666 / 12 C.F.R. § 1026.13)
Date: [Insert Date]
To: [Credit Card Issuer Name], Billing Inquiries Department
Address: [Exact Billing Inquiries Address from Back of Credit Card Statement]
From: [Your Full Legal Name], [Your Address and Phone Number]
Credit Card Account Number: [XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-1234]
To Whom It May Concern:
I am writing to dispute a billing error on my credit card statement dated [Statement Date] pursuant to the Fair Credit Billing Act (15 U.S.C. § 1666) and Regulation Z (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13), and to assert my statutory right to withhold payment under 12 C.F.R. § 1026.12(c).
DISPUTED TRANSACTION DETAILS:
Transaction Date: [Date] | Posting Date: [Date] | Merchant Name: [Merchant] | Disputed Amount: $[Amount]
REASON FOR BILLING ERROR DISPUTE:
[Select applicable reason:]
- [Unauthorized Use (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13(a)(1)):] Neither I nor any person authorized by me made this charge or received any goods or services from this transaction.
- [Undelivered / Non-Conforming Goods (12 C.F.R. § 1026.13(a)(3)):] I was billed for merchandise/services that were never delivered as agreed [or were delivered materially damaged/defective and rejected]. As shown in the attached emails (Exhibit A), I contacted the merchant on [Dates] in a good-faith effort to resolve this issue and return the item, but the merchant refused to issue a refund.
Please acknowledge receipt of this notice in writing within 30 days, suspend all collection and finance charges on the disputed $[Amount] during your investigation, and credit my account in full.
Sincerely,
[Your Signature]
[Your Printed Name]
Enclosures: Exhibit A (Merchant Emails, Return Tracking Receipt, Order Confirmation, and Photos)
Mutindu ya kukatula mfuka yina banki me buyisa nge ntangu bo me vutula mfuka na nge ya ntangu fioti .¶
Mbala mingi, banki mosi ta pesa nge mbongo ya ntangu fioti na Kilumbu ya 10, ta sala nzietelo ya minuta 2 sambu na kundimisa nde muyibi yina sadilaka ID ya apareyi na nge to mbanza IP na nge, mpi ta tinda nge mukanda ya kubuya na Kilumbu ya 44 yina ke tuba nde: *"Beto monaka ve kifu mpi beto ta katula mbongo na konti na nge ya kisalu na kilumbu ya 10."
Baka bitambi yai iya ya kutomisa mambu mbala mosi sambu na kupusa muntu na kuvutuka na nima:
- Kusala ngolo na Buffer na nge ya Bilumbu 5 ya Kisalu na ntwala nde bo katula mbongo ya ntangu fioti: Na nsi ya 12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(d)(2), ntangu banki ke katulaka mbongo ya ntangu fioti, yo fwete pesa nge nsangu ya kusonika ya kilumbu ya siki-siki mpi ntalu ya mbongo yina bo fwete katula MPE **yo fwete landa kuzitisa basheki yonso, baprojet, mpi mbongo yina bantu ya nkaka me futa na konti na nge kukonda kulomba mbongo ya mvimba ya bo me basisa na konti na bo na nima ya kusala kisalu yina. ntalu ya mbongo ya bo me defisa sambu na ntangu fioti). Sadila bilumbu yina 5 ya kisalu sambu na kufuta bafaktire ya mfunu ya nzo/ya bisalu ya leta to kunata mbongo yina kele ve ti kizitu kana yo kele mfunu.
- Kupesa mukanda ya ke lomba mikanda yonso ya ke tadila bansosa (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(d)(1)): Babanki mingi ke salaka ve bansosa ya kieleka. Ntangu nge ke tinda mukanda mosi ya ke lomba mikanda yonso, ba adresi IP, bidimbu ya misapi ya apareyi, bakontra ya bakomersa, mpi ba enregistrement ya ba appel yina banki vandaka kutula ntima sambu na kubuya mambu yina nge ke lomba, ba avocat yina ke talaka mambu ya ke tadila kulanda bansiku na kati ya banki ke tadilaka dosie yina mpi ke balulaka mbala na mbala mambu yina bo buyaka na kisika ya kundima nde bo vandaka ve ti mambu yina me fwana na nsiku.
- Kupesa nsangu ya nsiku na CFPB (to na Réserve fédérale / OCC / NCUA): Kwenda na .
consumerfinance.gov/complaintmpi tinda mukanda na nge ya ke monisa mambu yonso ya me tala kufunda yina nge me yika ti mukanda na nge ya Regulation E, Rapore ya Kuyiba Identité ya FTC, Rapore ya Bapolisi, mpi mutindu banki me buya kupesa mbongo ya chaudière. Na nsiku, ba banque ya nene fuana pesa mvutu na mukanda na CFPB na kati ya bilumbu 15 na nzila ya Biro ya bau ya Escalation Régulatrice Exécutive (kansi ve na centre d’appel yina buyaka nge). - Kulomba mbongo tatu ya bo me bebisa mpi mbongo ya avoka yina bo fwete futa (15 U.S.C. §§ 1693f(e) & 1693m): Na nsi ya Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kupesa Mbongo na Nsadisa ya Internet (15 U.S.C. nsosa ya mbote, to kuzaba mpi na luzolo yonso nde konti na nge vandaka ve na kifu ntangu nsuka ya mutindu yina lendaka ve kubasika na mutindu ya mbote na nsadisa ya banzikisa, banki kele ti mukumba na nge na tribinale ya nene sambu na BIFU YA MINGI (3x bifu na nge ya kyeleka) yika bifu yina nsiku kelombaka ($100 tii na $1,000 ya konsomatere) mbongo ye nzimbu za mfundu. Ba avocat ya ke taninaka bantu yina ke sumbaka bima (bo ke monaka yo na nzila ya kimvuka mosi (Association nationale des avocats des consommateurs) na .
consumeradvocates.org) mbala na mbala kubaka mambu ya ngolo ya kubuya Nsiku E na zero upfront cost na konsomatere sambu banki fwete futa mbongo na nge ya nsiku.
Bangyufula yina bantu keyulaka mbala na mbala¶
Can a bank legally refuse to refund me under Regulation E if a scammer tricked me into reading them a 2FA text code over the phone?
No. If an impostor tricked you into sharing a one-time passcode, password, or login credential and the scammer then used that code to log into your account and transfer money out, that transaction is legally an "unauthorized electronic fund transfer" under 12 C.F.R. § 1005.2(m). Both the plain text of Regulation E and official Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) guidance state that access obtained through fraud or robbery is unauthorized, and under Official Interpretation 12 C.F.R. § 1005.6(b)-2, a bank is strictly prohibited from denying your claim or increasing your liability on the theory that you were "negligent" in falling for a phishing or impersonation scam.
How long does my bank have to put my stolen money back into my checking account while investigating?
Under federal Regulation E (12 C.F.R. § 1005.11(c)), once you report an unauthorized electronic transfer, your bank has 10 business days (or 20 business days if your checking account has been open for less than 30 days) to complete its investigation. If the bank needs more time, up to 45 calendar days for standard transfers, or up to 90 calendar days for point-of-sale debit card transactions, foreign transactions, or new accounts, the bank is legally required to deposit a "provisional credit" for the full disputed amount (minus at most $50) back into your checking account by the 10th business day so you have full use of your money while the bank finishes investigating. To preserve your right to that 10-day provisional credit, you must send written confirmation of your dispute within 10 business days if the bank requests it.
What is the difference between disputing a purchase on a debit card versus a credit card when a merchant scams me or sends broken goods?
When you voluntarily pay a merchant who then fails to deliver goods or sends defective merchandise, the transaction is "authorized" (since you intended to pay that merchant), so federal Regulation E's statutory unauthorized-transfer protections do not apply to a debit card. While Visa and Mastercard voluntary network chargeback rules still allow you to file a merchandise dispute on a debit card, your cash remains out of your checking account unless the bank grants a courtesy credit, and you lack the federal Fair Credit Billing Act "Claims and Defenses" right (12 C.F.R. § 1026.12(c)) that applies exclusively to credit cards. For that reason, always use a credit card rather than a debit card for online purchases, travel bookings, and deposits.
Can my bank close my checking account because I filed a Regulation E fraud dispute?
While deposit agreements generally allow banks to close accounts at will, a bank cannot close your account to evade its legal obligation to investigate and refund an unauthorized electronic transfer that occurred before closure. In addition, if a bank wrongfully denies your fraud claim, lets your account go negative, and then reports a negative unpaid balance to ChexSystems or Early Warning Services (EWS), blocking you from opening a checking account at another bank, you have the right to dispute that inaccurate reporting under the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) alongside your Regulation E claim.
Bo me tala bisika yina bo me katuka¶
- Biro ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Mbongo ya Bantu Yina Ke Sadilaka Bima (CFPB, États-Unis): *Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kupesa Mbongo na Nzila ya Internet (15 U.S.C. § 1693 mpi mambu yina ke landa) mpi Nsiku E (12 C.F.R. Bantendula ya leta ya nsiku E (Supplément I), mpe Bulletin ya kuzitisa ya CFPB mpe ba FAQ ya kupesa mbongo na nzila ya internet (EFTs ya kukonda nswa mpe Ingénierie Sociale).
- Biro ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Mbongo ya Bantu Yina Ke Sadilaka Bima mpi Kimvuka ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Komersi (États-Unis): *Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kieleka na Kudefisa Badepanse / Nsiku ya Ke Talaka Kufuta Badepanse na Lunungu (15 U.S.C. §§ 1643, 1666, 1666i) mpi Nsiku Z (12 C.F.R.
- Kimvuka ya Insi ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Kufuta Mbongo (NACHA, États-Unis): Bansiku mpi Bansiku ya Ke Twadisaka Kusadila NACHA (Kusonika ya Kukatula Mbongo ya Kukonda Nswa / WSUD mpi Bakode ya Kikuma ya Kuvutula Mbongo R07 mpi R10).
- Bafutu ya Canada mpe Kimvuka ya Bakonsomatere ya Mbongo ya Canada (FCAC, Canada): Nsiku ya Bafuti ya Canada H1 (Badebi / PAD yina me pesamaka na ntwala, Nsiku ya Bilumbu 90 ya Kusadila Bakonsomatere) mpe Nsiku ya Bikalulu ya Bantu ya Ke Salaka Bakarte ya Mfuka mpe ya Badebi.
- Nsiku ya ke talaka mambu ya kufuta mbongo (PSR), Kimvuka ya ke talaka mambu ya mbongo (FCA), mpi kisalu ya muntu yina ke talaka mambu ya mbongo (Royaume-Uni): Nsiku ya ke tadila bisalu ya kufuta mbongo ya mvu 2017, Nsiku ya ke tadila badepanse ya bantu yina ke sadilaka bima ya nkaka ya mvu 1974 (Kitini 75), mpi RumburudAuthorized of PSR MandatoryPush)
- Kimvuka ya Australie ya Ke Talaka Mambu ya Bambongo (ASIC, Australie): Nsiku ya Kufuta Bambongo na nzila ya Internet (Bambongo ya Kukonda Nswa mpi Kufuta Bambongo na Kifu na Internet).
Bantwadisi ya ke wakana¶
- Kuyobisa chèque, luvunu ya chèque ya bo me yiba, mpi luvunu ya chèque ya caisse
- Luvunu ya nsinga ya kukangisa banzo mpi protocole ya kubinga banki na kintulumukina
- Kukonda kusala ya banki, kukanga bakonti, mpi kuvutula mbongo ya FDIC
- Kusadila mbongo na mutindu ya mbi mpi kusadila bantu mambu ya mbi
- Mpasi ya mbongo ya kintulumukina
- Ba nimero ya urgence na insi