Tanning Bed Canopy ƒe Mumu, Ɣeyiɣidzidzenu ƒe Relay si Tsi, Kple UV Photokeratitis/Ŋutilã ƒe Dzobibi Sesẽ¶

Asitsa kple aƒewo ƒe abati siwo wotsɔa lãgbalẽ wɔe le tsia dzi (clamshell sunbeds) ƒoa akaɖi kpekpe si ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 45 va ɖo 90 (pound 100 va ɖo 200) si le yame** si wotsɔ nitrogen gas ƒe ʋuƒo siwo ŋu nyaƒoɖeamenu le léna ɖe dzi kple ultraviolet (UV) fluorescent tubes 24 va ɖo 52 alo quartz modzakaɖekaɖi siwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu gã si hea watt 3,000 va ɖo 14,000 ɖe a 240-volt alo etɔ̃-phase elektrik nutome. Mɔ̃ alo elektrikŋusẽ ƒe gbagbã zi eve ate ŋu atrɔ ɣeyiɣi si nèwɔna edziedzi wòazu atikewɔwɔ kple ŋutilã me mɔ̃tetre kpata: gbãtɔ, gas-strut alo torsion-spring ƒe gbagbã si gblẽa nu ŋutɔ, si naa etame xɔtunu kpekpea ƒua gbe ɖe wò akɔta kple mo dzi tẽ; eye evelia, contactor relay contact welding, afisi dijitaal ɣeyiɣidzidzenu la bua akɔnta le vaseɖe 0:00 (alo wozi STOP ƒe dzesi dzĩa dzi) ke hã UVA/UVB-kaɖi siwo gbãa ŋku la gakpɔtɔ le ʋuʋum le ŋusẽ bliboa me, woɖaa nu na ezãla si meʋãna o alo le alɔ̃ dɔm vaseɖe esime wòxɔ ameti bliboa ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si nye ultraviolet erythema si nye dzidzenu evelia kple UV photokeratitis si nu sẽ (corneal flash burns). Nusi gavloe wue nye be, vɔvɔ̃ kple asi ƒuƒlu tutu yi dzi tẽe ɖe acrylic-kaɖi ƒe akpoxɔnu si me kɔ si ƒe didime nye milimeta 3 va ɖo 5 (inch ⅛ va ɖo 3/16) si mu ŋu ate ŋu agbã plastik si dzoxɔxɔ xɔ dzo la eye wòana wò asibidɛwo nage ɖe phosphor- kple mercury-vapor glass tubes siwo le wowóm me tẽ. Ne ame aɖe xaxa, fiãe, alo xɔ abi le lãgbalẽwuƒe la, ƒo ka na miaƒe nutoa me tɔwo xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata enumake, gbugbɔ to míaƒe ŋku duta nu kple UV flash dzobibi mɔfiame, kpɔ míaƒe dzoxɔxɔ kple keklẽŋusẽ ƒe dzobibiwo ƒe kpekpeɖeŋunanu gbãtɔ, eye nàbia míaƒe... glass gbagbãwo ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe mɔfiame.

Esi wònye be wowɔ lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ɖesiaɖe kloe si le tsia dzi kple nuwuƒe siwo le ʋuʋu ɖi, siwo ŋu mɔxenu aɖeke mele o le clamshell la ƒe ta kple afɔ ta la, ƒã hafi wòahiã be nàtsɔ zikpui aƒo xɔtaxɔ si ƒe kpekpeme nye kilogram 80 si mu la tẽe. Ne èʋuʋu wò didi tso ta alo afɔ ƒe nugbɔ si le ʋuʋu ɖi la, ana wò asiwo kple klowo meganɔa acrylic-akpoxɔnu si mebɔbɔ o la ŋu eye wòɖea wò le sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo ko me.

Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Ne xɔtaxɔ si le etame la ge ɖe dziwò alo makɔ o la: MÈGATU akaɖi ƒe nutsyɔnu tsɛ si me kɔ si wotsɔ plastik wɔe si le akaɖiawo titina la tẽ o. The curved clear acrylic shield (PMMA / Plexiglas) si tsyɔ UV-mɔ̃awo dzi la ƒe titrime nye milimeta 3 va ɖo 4 (inch ⅛) ko eye wòzua gbagbã le ƒe geɖe ƒe UV keklẽ kple dzoxɔxɔ ta. Ne ètutu acrylic la titina sesĩe la, ate ŋu agbã agbalẽa eye wòatsɔ wò asiwo ade glass fluorescent tube gbagbe siwo me dzo le siwo me mercury ƒe dzoxɔxɔ le me.
2. Gbugbɔ wò ŋutilã do goe le didime nu to lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔƒea ƒe ta ƒe nuwuwu alo afɔ nuwuƒe si le ʋuʋu ɖi la me. Ne lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe xɔmetsovɔ si le tsia dzi la dze anyi vaseɖe eƒe dedienɔnɔ ƒe teƒewo alo ɖe wò akɔta gɔ̃ hã la, ta ƒe nuwuwu kple afɔ ƒe nuwuwu le clamshell la ƒe ʋuƒo siwo keke abe gotagome afã ene (sentimeta 25 va ɖo 40 / sentimeta 10 va ɖo 16 si kɔkɔ sentimeta 10 va ɖo 16). Ne èhiã na akɔta ƒe didime sentimeta ʋɛ aɖewo be nàte ŋu aʋuʋu ayi megbe alo ayi ŋgɔ la, te wò asibidɛwo ɖe gota aluminum sesẽ alo fiberglass si wotsɔ ƒo xlãe ƒe ʋuƒo si le kpekpem si le xɔtaxɔa ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa dzi KO ŋu esime nèle ʋuʋum ɖo ta afɔ alo ta ƒe ʋuʋu gbɔ.
3. Ne ɣeyiɣidzidzenu la ƒo zero alo èzi STOP dzi eye UV-kaɖiawo nɔ ON: do enumake eye nàtso elektrikŋusẽ le gli ƒe kadodo alo breaker panel. High-wattage tanning beds trɔa akaɖi ƒe elektrikŋusẽ to elektrikŋusẽ kpekpe contactor relay si le abati ƒe gɔme alo gli ƒe aɖaka me. Ne klosalo ƒe akɔbli relay contacts arc kple weld wo ɖokui tu la, digital keypad ƒe abɔta, gota salon T-Max gli ɣeyiɣidzidzenu, alo mɔ̃ɖaŋu backup ɣeyiɣidzidzenu mate ŋu atsi akaɖiawo o. Do go le aba dzi eye nàhe 240V gli ƒe plug, atrɔ AC-kadodo ƒe ʋuƒo si wotu ɖe gli ŋu, alo atsi double-pole circuit breaker si le elektrik-kaɖia me.
4. Ne ètsi aba si dzi wotsɔ akaɖi siwo wotsɔ ga ƒoe ɖo me alo tɔtɔ le ŋuwò eye màte ŋu aƒu du ado go enumake o la: tsɔ wò tsilewu tsyɔ wò ŋkuwo kple ŋutigbalẽ dzi. Mègaʋu wò ŋku ƒuƒluwo ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe akaɖi siwo le dɔ wɔm ŋu sɛkɛnd ʋɛ aɖewo gɔ̃ hã gbeɖe o (UV-B and UV-A irradiance is 3 to 12 times stronger than midday tropical sun). Na wò FDA/CE-compliant UV Wink-Ease alo goggles nanɔ wò orbits dzi sesĩe, ƒo wò cotton bath towel la ɖe wò mo kple akɔta be wòaxe mɔ na UV photons, eye nàƒu du ado goe le nuwuwu ƒe dometsotsoa me.
5. Ne acrylic shield gbã eye fluorescent UV tube gbã la: lé wò gbɔgbɔ ɖe asi, ƒu du ɖa le glass si gbã la gbɔ, eye nàgblẽ xɔa me fesrea ɖi wòanɔ dɔ wɔm esime nèle ʋuʋum. Elemental mercury vapor miligram 5 va ɖo 25** kpe ɖe barium/strontium phosphor powder ŋu ​​le akaɖi ɖesiaɖe si didi meta 1.8 (afɔ 6) si wotsɔna ƒoa lãgbalẽe me. Mègaɖe afɔ ɖe ahuhɔ̃e kakɛawo dzi afɔ ƒuƒlu o; do go le xɔa me, do ʋɔa ɖe megbewò, eye nàtsɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu tẽ awɔ atike na ahuhɔ̃e siwo wotso goglo.
6. Dze tsi fafɛ dede tsii enumake gɔme na ŋutigbalẽ dzĩ si le bibim eye nàtsɔ nutete fafɛ siwo me tsi fafɛ atsyɔ ŋkuwo ne vevesese si me ʋuʋudedi le dze egɔme le gaƒoƒo 4 va ɖo 12 megbe. Ultraviolet erythema kple UV corneal flash burns (photokeratitis) ƒe ameflunu ɣeyiɣi ɣaɣla si nye gaƒoƒo 3 va ɖo 12 si me ŋutigbalẽ kple ŋkuwo sena le wo ɖokui me be dzoxɔxɔ koe le wo ŋu le gɔmedzedzea me hafi wova zua ŋutigbalẽ si me ʋuʋudedi le dzobibi, avifafa ƒe ʋuʋudedi sesẽ, kple ŋkume ƒe lãkusi ƒe ʋuʋu sesẽ.

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Nyametsotsoti: Tanning bed mɔ̃ɖaŋu, elektrik, kple atikewɔwɔ kpata triage¶

Zã sisi ƒe nɔnɔmetata sia nàtsɔ awɔ nu ɖe ​​xɔtaxɔe si mu, UV-kaɖi siwo wotsɔ ga ƒo ɖe eŋu, mercury-yaƒoƒo ƒe akaɖi siwo gbã, alo UV-fiã siwo tsi megbe le woƒe keklẽ megbe ŋu.

flowchart TD
    Start["Tanning Bed ƒe Nudzɔdzɔ Kpata"] --> EventType{"Nukae le dzɔdzɔm fifia?"}

    EventType -->|"A. Dzigbexɔ si Mu Alo Makɔ O"| NoCenterPush["1. MÈGATU ɖe dzi le acrylic tsɛ si me kɔ dzi le akaɖiwo titina dzi 2. Da asibidɛwo ɖe ga sesẽ/fiberglass gotagome xɔtunu ƒe nuyi dzi KO 3. Wriggle lengthwise out open Head or Foot end-gap"]

    EventType -->|"B. Ɣeyiɣidzidzenu le 0:00 alo STOP Zi edzi, Akaɖiwo Nɔa ƲUƲU"| WeldedRelay["WELDED CONTACTOR RELAY: Digital button mate ŋu agbã welded high-amp contacts o. 1. Do go le aba dzi enumake 2. Ðe 240V NEMA ka kpekpe la ɖa alo nàtrɔ Wall Disconnect / 2-Pole Breaker OFF"]

    EventType -->|"C. Acrylic Akpoxɔnu Gbagbã & UV Bulb Gbagbã"| GlassMercury["MERCURY & GLASS HAZARD: 1. MÈGATU ɖe tube si gbã ŋu o 2. Gbugbɔ do goe ɖa tso shards gbɔ 3. Do afɔkpa hafi nàɖe afɔ ɖe anyigba 4. Do go le xɔa me, do ʋɔa, ya naƒoe hena 30+ min"]

    EventType -->|"D. Ɣe ƒe Dzobibi alo Ŋku Vevesese Sesẽ le Dɔlélea Megbe (Gaƒoƒo 3 Va ɖo 12 Le Dɔwɔwɔ Megbe) ."| ClinicalTriage{"Kpɔ teƒe si ŋutigbalẽa me ʋuʋudedi le kple ŋku ƒe dzesiwo ɖa"}

    NoCenterPush --> PostCheck["Ne edo go ko: Kpɔe ɖa be akaɖiwo gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm hã eye nàlé ŋku ɖe ŋutigbalẽa ŋu be dzoxɔxɔ/tso lãɖeɖe hã"]
    WeldedRelay --> Lockout["Tag aba OUT OF SERVICE. Trɔ elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ si wotsɔ ga ƒoe hafi nàna ŋusẽe"]

    ClinicalTriage -->|"Ŋku siwo le ʋuʋum, aɖatsi, kekeli ƒe seselelãme si gbɔ eme, ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu"| Photokeratitis["ACUTE UV PHOTOKERATITIS: 1. Ðe ŋkumekpɔmɔ̃wo ɖa enumake 2. MÈGATU ŋkume o 3. Gbɔ ɖe eme le xɔ doviviti me kple avɔ fafɛ si me tsi le ɖe nutsyɔnu siwo wotu dzi 4. Ŋkudɔdamɔnu / ER ƒe dodokpɔ kpata"]

    ClinicalTriage -->|"Blistering >10% ŋutilã, vuvɔ sesẽ, dzoxɔxɔ, ʋuʋudedi, alo purple edema"| BurnCenter["UV BURN SEVEE FULL-BODY: 1. Tsilele fafɛ (20 C), tsikpe aɖeke manɔ eme o 2. Tsi siwo woatsɔ agbugbɔ axɔ nu me 3. Yi Emergency Department / Burn Unit hena IV tsiwo & vevesese dzi ɖuɖu"]

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Mɔ̃wo ƒe gbagbã 1: Nusita lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe xɔmenuwo mu kple alesi woawɔ asi evɔ womagbã akaɖiawo o¶

akaɖi siwo ƒe didime nye afɔ ade siwo ƒe didime nye afɔ 16 va ɖo 32, aluminum-kaɖi kpekpewo, fafamɔ̃wo, kple ɣeaɖewoɣi watt 400 va ɖo 1,000-watt high-pressure quartz halogen mo ŋuti lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu le asitsaƒe si wotsɔa ɣe ƒe keklẽ si le tsia dzi ƒe xɔtaxɔe me, si wɔnɛ be nutsyɔnu la ƒe ʋuʋu ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme katã ɖoa kilogram 45 va ɖo 90 (100 va ɖo 200 pounde).

1. Alesi Canopy Support System la Do kpo Nu¶

Mɔ̃ vovovo eve siwo wotsɔ tsia tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu léa ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ ƒe nutsyɔnu ʋuna eye wònana wòsena le eɖokui me be kpekpeme mele eŋu o ne wozãe le mɔ nyuitɔ nu: - Pressurized Nitrogen Gas Struts (Gas Springs): Egbegbe salon kple aƒewo ƒe aba akpa gãtɔ zãa nitrogen gas ƒe tsigoe eve alo ene siwo ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ (rated at 600 to 1,800 Newtons / 135 to 405 pounds-force each) si wotu ɖe megbe hinge pivots dzi. Esi wònye be dzoxɔxɔ si dona tso akaɖiawo me ɖaa rababa-ti ƒe nutrenuawo le Celsius dzidzenu 50 va ɖo 70 (Fahrenheit 122 va ɖo 158) ta la, gas strut seal ate ŋu adzo kpata, alo aɖiɖi nyaƒoɖeamenu vivivi le vuvɔŋɔli me. Ne ʋuƒo ɖeka ƒo la, agba si susɔ la xɔa agba 100 le alafa me enumake eye wòmu, si wɔnɛ be xɔmetsovɔa ƒua du ɖe ezãla dzi. - Ememe Coil Torsion Springs kple Pivot Arms: Aƒeme aba xoxowo (Wolff System, SunQuest, SunVision) zãa gakpo springs sesẽ siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒu ɖe nuwuƒe ƒe nutrenuwo alo megbe hinge xɔwo me. Ðeɖiteameŋu ƒe gbagbã siwo le aluminum si wotsɔ ƒu gbe ƒe hinge-knuckles alo spring anchor pins me nana spring la gbãna sesĩe abe tu ene, si wɔnɛ be ʋuƒoa ƒe kpekpeme kukua ɖiɖina.

2. Nusitae Acrylic-Akpoxɔnua Tututu Nye Mɔ̃ si me Afɔku Le¶

UV-transmitting polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic, si ƒe titrime nye milimeta 3.0 (inch ⅛)** zi geɖe le etame xɔtaxɔe dzi eye wòtitrime milimeta 4.5 va ɖo 6.0 (inch 3/16 va ɖo ¼) le ete ƒe zikpui dzi la nɔa wò ŋutilã kple ahuhɔ̃e me UV-kaɖiawo dome. 1. UV Photodegradation and Embrittlement: Le gaƒoƒo 1,000 va ɖo 3,000 ƒe UV ƒe bɔmbdada sesẽ kple dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tsatsam megbe la, acrylic polymer kɔsɔkɔsɔwo tsia tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu eye wowɔa tagbɔsesẽ, eye woƒe flexural impact strength si ade 40 le alafa me buna. 2. Narrow Gap to the Glass Tubes: Ya ƒe dometsotso si le T12 fluorescent akaɖiwo ƒe glass gli siwo ƒe titrime nye milimeta 1** ƒe akpa si le eme dome la nye milimeta 10 va ɖo 20 (inch 0.4 va ɖo 0.8) ko. 3. Nusi Dzɔna Ne Ètu Titina: Ne ezãla aɖe si xaxa la tsi dzodzodzoe eye wòtsɔ eƒe asibidɛwo, abɔta, alo klowo yi dzi va ɖo aŋekotoku si me kɔ la titina be yeakɔ kilogram 75 (pound 165) ƒe xɔtaxɔe la, acrylic si le gbagbãm la ma ɖe didime nu eye wòtsɔa woƒe asiwo toa mɔ̃ siwo me keklẽ le la me tẽ, eye wòtsoa asibidɛ ƒe lãkusiwo kple akaɖi me phosphor si me aɖi le dodo ɖe abiawo me.

3. Mɔnu si Le Dedie Le Longitudinal Slide-Out Me¶

Dukɔwo dome dedienɔnɔ ƒe dzidzenuwo (21 CFR 1040.20 le U.S.A., IEC 60335-2-27 le xexeame katã) bia be woatsɔ lãgbalẽ ƒe aba siwo le tsia dzi alé mɔ̃ siwo wotsɔna tɔa nu alo nuwuƒe ƒe ʋuʋudediwo me ɖe asi ale be xɔtaxɔa mate ŋu agbã akɔta keŋkeŋ o. 1. Di Rigid Outer Perimeter Frame: Ʋu wò asiwo yi gota yi heavy extruded aluminum alo thick fiberglass asiléƒe nuyi si le du dzi le ŋgɔgbe gota gome le xɔmetsovɔa, alo solid plastic end-caps le ta kple afɔ. Mègatu fesrea ƒe akpa si me kɔ la gbeɖe o. 2. Tuck Your Chin and Arms Inward: Na wò abɔta nate ɖe wò akɔta ŋu. 3. Slide Out the Head or Foot Arch: Tsɔ wò akɔta kple abɔta ƒo ɖe didime nu yi abatia ƒe nuwuwu ɖesiaɖe (ta ƒe nuwuwu alo afɔ ƒe nuwuwu) si ƒe anyigba ƒe akpa si keke wu si me mɔxenu aɖeke mele o le. Elabena eƒe akpa si le etame la le akɔta abe tsilindo afã (tunnel geometry), aɖaka si le wò ta kple afɔkpodzi tame la ƒe titina nɔa sentimeta 25 va ɖo 40 (sentimeta 10 va ɖo 16) ƒe kɔkɔme ne nutsyɔnu la ƒe ŋgɔgbekpa tsi anyi keŋkeŋ ɖe zikpui si le ete la ŋu gɔ̃ hã. 4. Ne Mo ƒe Glass Filters Siwo Wotsɔ Nyaƒoɖeamenu Gãwo Gblẽ Le Wò Mo Dzi: Modzakaɖemɔ̃ siwo wotsɔa nyaƒoɖeamenu gã aɖe ƒoa moe le xɔmetsovɔa ƒe ta me zãa 500-watt quartz mercury-vapor bulbs siwo wɔa dɔ le 600 va ɖo 800 degree Celsius (1,112 va ɖo 1,472 degrees Fahrenheit) megbe le glass blɔ/dichroic megbe plate. Ne èse mo ƒe fesre ƒe ahuhɔ̃e ƒe gbagbã la, enumake ƒu du yi aba la ƒe AFƆ nuwuƒe (ɖe adzɔge tso mo ƒe akaɖiwo gbɔ) esime nèle wò afɔkpaa dzram ɖo ɖe ta dzi.

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Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe gbagbã 2: Nusitae lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe akaɖiwo nɔa ON ne ɣeyiɣidzidzenu la ƒo zero vɔ megbe ("Welded Contactor Relay")¶

Nudzɔdzɔ kpata siwo dzi ŋɔ wu siwo ŋu woka nya ta le na U.S. Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) kple CPSC dometɔ ɖeka dzɔna ne ɣeyiɣi si woɖo ɖi na kpekpea ƒe xexlẽme va ɖo... 0:00, ezãla la tea STOP / OFF ƒe dzesi si le ememedzikpɔmɔ̃a dzi, eye akaɖi 32 va ɖo 50 siwo katã ƒe amadede nye ultraviolet gakpɔtɔ le keklẽm le woƒe keklẽ 100 le alafa me.

1. Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya si gbɔ wòtso: Electromagnetic Contactor Contact Welding¶

Be nàse nusitae wozi... OFF button do kpo nu, kpɔ alesi lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu trɔa ŋusẽe ɖa: - low-voltage control signals (5V to 24V DC/AC) koe tsɔa touch-pad ƒe abɔta sue si le lãgbalẽwua me kple salon ƒe ɣeyiɣidzidzenu si wotu ɖe gli ŋu (T-Max manager timer) tsɔna. Wometsɔa 25 va ɖo 60 amps si nye 240-volt AC power si naa nuɖuɖu akaɖi ƒe ballasts la tẽ o. - Ke boŋ, ɣeyiɣidzidzenu si ƒe ŋusẽ le sue la naa ŋusẽ magnetic coil si le electromagnetic power contactor (relay) kpekpe aɖe si le elektrɔnikmɔ̃ ƒe agba si le ete alo buck-boost transformer box la me. - Ɣesiaɣi si aba la ʋu la, inductive ballast load alo capacitor bank la wɔa inrush current spike si nye 150 va ɖo 300 amps, si hea elektrik-ka si le dzo dam ɣi si le sue ŋutɔ la ɖe contactor la ƒe silver-cadmium-oxide contact pads dzi. - Le tsatsam akpe geɖe me (alo le brownout voltage sag si nana relay "chatter") me la, klosalo si wotsɔ ƒo ƒu ƒe contact pads spot-weld wo ɖokui tegbee ɖekae. - Emetsonua: Ne session timer la ɖo 0:00, etsoa ŋusẽ ɖe relay la ƒe elektrikŋusẽ ƒe ʋuƒoa ŋu, gake spring la mate ŋu ahe klosalo ŋusẽ ƒe kadodo siwo wotsɔ ga ƒoe la adzoe o. Ne ɣeyiɣidzidzenu evelia si wotsɔ dzraa ɣeyiɣi ɖoe le abatia ŋu si wotsɔ ka bla ɖe contactor coil ma ke ŋu hã la, akaɖiawo nɔa ON tegbee vaseɖe esime ame aɖe natso 240-volt main supply si le dziƒo la me ŋutɔŋutɔ.

2. How to Cut Power to a Runaway Tanning Bed Immediately¶

If the lamps will not shut off when the timer expires: 1. Exit the Bed Immediately: Do not stay inside trying to tap or reset the digital display. 2. Pull the Heavy 240V Wall Plug or Flip the Wall Disconnect Switch: - Residential 120V or 240V Beds: Follow the thick black rubber power cord from the back of the tanning bed to the wall receptacle (NEMA 5-20, L6-20, or L6-30 twist-lock plug). Grip the plug body (for twist-lock plugs, twist counterclockwise 15 degrees first, then pull straight out). - Hardwired Commercial Salon Beds: Commercial beds are hardwired through flexible metal conduit to a metal HVAC-style disconnect box mounted on the wall of the tanning booth or directly to a dedicated breaker in the salon's electrical subpanel. Flip the wall disconnect lever down to OFF, or tell salon staff to flip the two-pole or three-pole circuit breaker in the main breaker panel. 3. Look for Smoke or Ballast Fires: - Older magnetic-ballast beds contain tar-filled choke transformers and oil-filled power factor capacitors, while modern electronic-ballast beds use high-frequency switching boards. If an internal ballast shorts out while a contactor is welded, thick acrid black smoke can pour out of the cooling vents within seconds. Evacuate the room and call 911 / 112 / 999.

Comparison: Tanning Bed Emergency Failure Modes and Immediate Actions¶

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Medical first aid: Treating acute UV photokeratitis (corneal flash burns) and severe UV skin burns¶

Because commercial tanning beds emit UVA irradiance up to 10 to 15 times stronger than the midday summer sun alongside erythemogenic UVB radiation (and up to unfiltered UVC at 254 nm if a high-pressure quartz facial lamp's glass filter cracks), an entrapment or timer failure lasting 20 to 45 minutes delivers a massive radiation dose across nearly 100 percent of exposed skin and eyes.

1. Acute UV Photokeratitis ("Tanning Bed Welder's Flash")¶

Simply closing your bare eyelids inside a tanning bed without wearing opaque protective goggles (FDA 21 CFR 1040.20 / EN 170 compliant eyewear) does not protect your eyes: thin human eyelids transmit up to 10 to 25 percent of incident UV-A and long-wave UV-B radiation directly onto the cornea and lens.

• How It Presents (The 6-to-12-Hour Delay):
• Immediately after exiting the bed, vision usually seems normal.
• 4 to 12 hours later (typically waking the victim up at 2:00 AM), the UV-damaged superficial epithelial cells covering the cornea die and slough off simultaneously, exposing dense naked corneal pain fibers (fifth cranial / trigeminal nerve).
• Classic Symptoms: Excruciating "hot sand or broken glass in both eyes" sensation, uncontrollable tearing (epiphora), violent involuntary eyelid spasms (blepharospasm making it impossible to pry the eyelids open), blurred vision, red conjunctiva, and intense pain around any light (photophobia).
• Step-by-Step First Aid for UV Corneal Burns:
• Ðe ŋkumeɖobolowo ɖa Enumake: Ne èdo ŋkumeɖonu falɛfalɛ alo esi sesẽ la, ɖe wo ɖa blewuu enumake hafi ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu nalé ŋkumeɖonu la ɖe lãkusi si woɖe ɖa la ŋu. Mègagado contacts ake o vaseɖe esime ŋkudɔdala nakɔ wo ŋu.
• MÈGATU WÒ Ŋkuwo O: Tututu ɖea lãkusi si susɔ si mebɔbɔ o si le gbugbɔgawɔm la ɖa.
• Na Ŋku Eveawo Nanɔ Xɔ si Do Viviti Me: Lɔlɔ̃nu faa ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu eveawo ƒe ʋuʋu xea mɔ na ŋkume ƒe akpa si le etame be wòagavuvu ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒuƒui la dzi le ŋkumeʋuʋu ɖesiaɖe me o. Da klɔƒe dzadzɛ si wotsɔ tsi fafɛ si le pɔmpi me ɖe wò ŋkumeʋuʋu siwo wotu la dzi.
• Zã Aɖatsi Siwo Me Ami Si Me Womezãa Nu Le O: Do aɖatsi si me dɔlékui mele o aɖatsi si wotsɔ lãmi wɔe alo ŋkumemi si me ami le gaƒoƒo 1 va ɖo 2 ɖesiaɖe be wòana ŋkume ƒe ŋkume natsi.
• No Nu me Vevesesenutsitikewo eye Di Ŋkudɔléle Kpata: Nu me ƒe vevesesenutsitike siwo tsia vevesese nu (ne esɔ na dɔnɔa le atikewɔwɔ me) kpena ɖe ame ŋu be nàɖu ciliary muscle spasm dzi esime nèle ɖoɖo wɔm ɖe ŋkudɔdala, ŋkudɔdala, alo dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ (amesi ate ŋu alé ŋku ɖe eŋu to fluorescein staining dzi eye wòaŋlɔ prophylactic antibiotic ointment kple... cycloplegic drops siwo wɔa dɔ kpuie).

2. Ŋutilã Katã ƒe Ultraviolet Erythema Sesẽ Kple Dzobibi Siwo Le Ʋuʋum¶

Ne ɣeyiɣidzidzenu ƒe relay aɖe tu alo ezãla aɖe dɔ alɔ̃ le aba si dzi ɣeyiɣidzidzenu si to vovo le dzi la, abi si dona tso emee nye keklẽ ƒe dzobibi si ƒo xlãe si xɔa Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) ƒe alafa memama 60 va ɖo 95: 1. Ŋutilã ƒe Fafa Enumake (Gaƒoƒo Gbãtɔwo): - le tsi fafɛ (menye tsikpe ene o) alo tsi tsi fafɛ le dzoxɔxɔ si nye Celsius degree 18 va ɖo 22 (Fahrenheit degree 64 va ɖo 72) hena miniti 15 va ɖo 20 be dzoxɔxɔ si le keklẽm la nado le ŋutigbalẽa me. - Esi wònye be ʋukawo keke ta la, ŋutilã bliboa kloe keke ta la, ƒo asa na ŋutilãa ƒoƒo ɖe tsikpe me; massive cutaneous vasodilation gblẽa ŋutilã ƒe ŋutete be wòaɖɔ dzoxɔxɔ ɖo, si hea hypothermia kple rigors (ʋuʋudedi) sesẽ si to vovo na wo nɔewo vɛ kpe ɖe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe dzobibi ŋu. 2. Tsidede nu me kple ʋuka me sesẽe: - UV erythema si le ŋutilã bliboa me hea ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ƒe sisi gã aɖe vɛ (third-spacing), hehe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi lita 2 va ɖo 5 do goe le wò ʋukawo me eye nàge ɖe ŋutigbalẽ te lãkusi siwo vuvu me le gaƒoƒo 24 gbãtɔwo me. - Dze tsi fafɛ kple electrolyte si da sɔ oral rehydration solution nono gɔme enumake. 3. Ŋutilã ƒe Mɔxenuwo Dzikpɔkpɔ: - De aloe vera gel si me tsi le si me ʋeʋẽ lilili mele o alo tsi si me dɔlékui mele o ƒe tsilétike ɖe ŋutigbalẽ dzĩ si me gblẽ o ŋu. - Mègatsɔ benzocaine/lidocaine sprays asisi ɖe ŋutilã ƒe teƒe gãwo gbeɖe o (transdermal absorption to 70 percent TBSA of sunfied skin ateŋu ahe methemoglobinemia si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me kple local anesthetic systemic toxicity / seizures), eye mègasisi bɔta, petroleum jelly, alo ami kpekpewo gbeɖe le dzoxɔxɔ sesẽ ƒe akpaa me o. - MÈGAÐO alo aɖe ʋuʋudediwo le xɔta o: Epidermis si me gblẽ o ye nye nugbagbeviwo ƒe atike nyuitɔ kekeake si me dɔlékui mele o. 4. Aflaga Dzĩ Siwo Bia Be Woaxɔ Kɔdzi Dzobibi Dɔwɔƒe / ER Enumake: - Ƒo ka na 911 / 112 / 999 alo yi dɔwɔƒe si te ɖe ŋuwò le nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ kpɔƒe si te ɖe ŋuwò enumake ne ŋutilã bliboa ƒe lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu si wotsɔ ƒoa lãe wògbɔa eme na: - Ŋkuʋuʋu le ŋutilã ƒe akpa si wu 10 le alafa me (alo ʋuʋudedi ɖesiaɖe si le mo, vidzinuwo, asiwo, alo afɔwo ŋu) - Vɔvɔ̃ si ʋuʋuna vevie, dzoxɔxɔ si wu Celsius degree 38.5 (Fahrenheit degree 101.3), taɖuame ne èle tsitrenu (orthostatic hypotension), tɔtɔ, alo ʋuʋudedi atraɖii ("sun poisoning" / systemic SIRS response) - Ati ƒe vuvu sesẽ, si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi-dzẽ le afɔ siwo le ete kple abɔta

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Dzadzɛnyenye ƒe ɖoɖo si le dedie ne lãgbalẽ ƒe akaɖi aɖe gbã (Mercury vapor hazard) .¶

Ne xɔtaxɔ si mu alo anyime zikpui si gbã la gbã fluorescent UV tubes ɖeka alo esi wu nenema: 1. Miɖe Amewo Kple Aƒemelãwo Enumake: Vaporized elemental mercury (Hg) nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aɖi si womekpɔna o, si meʋẽna o, si xɔa dzo kabakaba tso lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu si gbã dzodzoe me. 2. Na ya nanɔ eme Aɖabaƒoƒo 30+: Trɔ TSI titina yaƒoƒo alo dzoxɔxɔ ƒe tɔtrɔgbɔ siwo gbugbɔa ya yia xɔa ƒe akpa mamlɛa, gblẽ lãgbalẽxɔa ƒe ya si dona le gota ƒe yaƒoƒomɔ̃a ɖe ON (alo ʋu gota fesrewo), eye nàdo eme ʋɔtrua aɖabaƒoƒo 30 ya teti. 3. MÈGAZã Vacuum Cleaner alo Broom GBEÐE o: Fluorescent tubes siwo gbã ƒe yaƒoƒo nana mercury ƒe tsitete siwo le mɔ̃a ƒe yaƒoƒo me la doa dzo eye wònana mercury ƒe yaƒoƒo ƒe alilikpo si me ya le la ƒua gbe ɖe xɔa me katã. 4. Scoop kple Tape Cleanup: Do nitrile alo rubber asigɛwo, tsɔ kakɛ sesẽ eve ƒo glass kakɛ gãwo, zã sticky duct tape nàtsɔ aƒo glass powder nyui kple phosphor ke ɣi, tsɔ pepa towels siwo xɔ dzo tutu acrylic tray la, eye nàtsɔ ga nutsyɔnu atre nusiwo katã le glas-go kpekpe aɖe me alo aŋekotoku siwo ŋu zip eve le hena gbeɖuɖɔ siwo me afɔku le tsɔtsɔ ƒu gbe.

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Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple dɔwɔƒea ƒe ɖoɖowo¶

• United States kple Canada:
• Atikewɔwɔ Kpata & Xɔname: Ƒo ka na 911.
• Dziɖuɖua ƒe Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Dzidzenuwo: Le U.S.A. la, FDA wɔa ɖoɖo ɖe ɣe ƒe akaɖiwo ŋu le 21 CFR 1040.20 kple UL 482 te, si de se be woawɔ nutsitsi kpata si ŋu woate ŋu aɖo, ŋkumeɖonu siwo akpɔ ame ta si wɔ ɖeka, kple ɣeyiɣidzidzenu ƒe seɖoƒe sesẽwo. Ka nya ta tso welded relays, canopy ƒe mumu, alo dzobibi ŋu na FDA MedWatch (1-800-FDA-1088) kple CPSC (SaferProducts.gov). Le Canada la, abati siwo wotsɔna ƒoa lãgbalẽe la dzena le Health Canada ƒe Radiation Emitting Devices Regulations (REDR) te.
• Fiaɖuƒe Ðeka:
• Atikewɔwɔ & Xɔname Kpata: Ƒo ka na 999 (alo 112), alo NHS 111 hena ŋku/dzobibi ƒe vovototodedeameme kpata.
• UK Senyawo: Le Sunbeds (Regulation) Act 2010 kple HSE Guidance INDG209 nu la, wode se ɖe ɣe ƒe keklẽŋusẽ zazã le asitsatsa me si mexɔ ƒe 18 haɖe o nu, eye ele be abawo naɖo BS EN 60335-2-27 (0.3 W/m2 keklẽŋusẽ si sɔ gbɔ wu) gbɔ kple cut-offs kpata.
• Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha:
• Atikewɔwɔ Kpata & Xɔname: Ƒo ka na 112.
• Mɔ̃ɖaŋununya ƒe Dzidzenu: Wowɔ ɖoɖo ɖe EN 60335-2-27 (0.3 W/m2 keklẽŋusẽ ƒe seɖoƒe, ɣeyiɣidzidzenu eve ƒe kpododonu-dedie takpɔkpɔ, kple EN 170 UV ŋkumeɖonu) te.
• Australia kple New Zealand:
• Atikewɔwɔ & Xɔname Kpata: Ƒo ka na 000 (Australia) alo 111 (New Zealand).
• Asitsatsa ƒe Solarium Mɔxexe: Wode se ɖe asitsatsa ƒe abati siwo wotsɔna ƒoa lãgbalẽe nu le Australia-nutowo katã me, togbɔ be domenyinu ƒe aƒe siwo me amewo nɔna gakpɔtɔ le ame ŋutɔ ƒe aƒewo me hã (AS/NZS 60335.2.27).
• India kple Asia-Pacific:
• Xexlẽdzesi Kpatawo: Ƒo ka na 112 le India; 119 le Japan kple South Korea; 995 le Singapore.

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe akaɖiwo nɔa dzo dam ne dijitaal ɣeyiɣidzidzenu la xlẽe va ɖo zero eye mezi STOP ƒe dzesi dzi gɔ̃ hã?¶

Digitál ɣeyiɣidzidzenu kple STOP ƒe dzesi si le lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu dzi la kpɔa ŋusẽ sue aɖe ƒe dzesi (5V va ɖo 24V) si woɖona ɖe electromagnetic contactor relay si trɔa 240-volt, 30-to-60-amp ballast agba la dzi ko. Le tsatsam akpe geɖe me la, elektrikŋusẽ ƒe akasanu si le contactor la ƒe klosalo ƒe aŋekotokuwo dzi ate ŋu aƒo ga kadodoawo nu ƒu ɖekae. Ne wonya ƒoe ko la, ne ètso ɣeyiɣidzidzenu ƒe dzesi si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o la mate ŋu ahe elektrikŋusẽ gã ƒe kadodo siwo wotsɔ ƒo ƒui la ɖa o, eyata UV-kaɖiawo nɔa ON vaseɖe esime nàɖe 240V gli ka kpekpea alo atrɔ glia ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ alo nutomeʋuʋu ƒe ʋuƒoa wòazu OFF.

Aleke mawɔ ado le lãgbalẽ ƒe aba si le tsia dzi dzi ne etame xɔmetsovɔ kpekpea ge ɖe dzinye?¶

Mègatsɔ wò asiwo alo klowo ƒo ɖe plastik (acrylic) fesre tsɛ si me kɔ si le akaɖiawo titina la dzi tẽ gbeɖe o, elabena acrylic si xɔ ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ate ŋu agbã eye wòaɖo wò asiwo ɖe ahuhɔ̃e gbagbewo ƒe mercury-yaƒoƒo ƒe mɔ̃wo me. Ke boŋ da wò asibidɛwo ɖe nutsyɔnu la ƒe gotagome ga alo fiberglass-xɔtunu sesẽa ƒe go kemɛ dzi ko, tsɔ wò abɔtawo de eme, eye nàʋuʋu wò ŋutilã wòadidi to do gbadza si le ʋuʋu ɖi si le abe U ene si le abatia ƒe ta ƒe nuwuwu alo afɔ ƒe nuwuwu la me.

Nukatae nye ŋkuwo sena le wo ɖokui me abe ɖe yɔ fũ kple ke kple tsi si le bibim le gaƒoƒo 8 megbe le lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu zazã vɔ megbe?¶

Èle ultraviolet photokeratitis (si nye ŋkume ƒe ŋkume ƒe dzobibi si me keklẽŋusẽ le, si sɔ kple welder ƒe keklẽ) si nu sẽ la le fu ɖem na wò. Ne ètsi wò ŋkumeɖobolowo evɔ mèdo UV-ŋkumewu siwo sɔ ɖe FDA nu o hã la, amegbetɔ ƒe ŋkumeʋuʋu tsɛwo nana UVA kple UVB keklẽŋusẽ 10 va ɖo 25 le alafa me toa ŋkume ƒe ŋkume tẽ. Le gaƒoƒo 4 va ɖo 12 ƒe ɣeyiɣi ɣaɣla si me ɖoɖoezizi le megbe la, lãmenugbagbevi siwo le yame siwo ŋu UV gblẽ nu le la kuna eye woɖea wo katã zi ɖeka, si wɔnɛ be ŋkume ƒe lãkusi ƒe nuwuwu ƒuƒluwo dzena. Ðe ŋkumeɖonuawo ɖa enumake, mègatutu wò ŋkuwo o, gbɔ ɖe eme le xɔ doviviti aɖe me kple avɔ fafɛ si me tsi le ɖe nutsyɔnu siwo wotu dzi, zã aɖatsi wɔwɔe siwo me atike siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu o, eye nàkpɔ ŋkudɔdala alo dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ enumake.

Ɣeyiɣi didi kae wòxɔna hafi UV photokeratitis (ŋku ƒe dzobibi) si tso lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu dzi la hayana?¶

Esi wònye be ŋkume ƒe lãkusi gagbugbɔna kabakaba ta la, zi geɖe la, UV photokeratitis si le gota la dzea egɔme nyona ɖe edzi le gaƒoƒo 24 me eye wòhayana keŋkeŋ le gaƒoƒo 48 va ɖo 72 me, ne èna wò ŋkuwo le ami sisim, ƒo asa na wo tutu, ɖe ŋkumeɖonu siwo wotsɔ kpɔa ŋkume ɖa enumake, eye mèzã atike siwo wotsɔna fa alɔ̃e (siwo nana ame ƒe lãme gbãna) le aƒeme gbeɖe o. Ne ŋkume ƒe akaɖi si ƒe nyaƒoɖeamenu sesẽ ƒe ahuhɔ̃e gbã alo wò ŋku megakpɔa nu nyuie o atraɖii la, ele be ŋkudɔdala nalé ŋku ɖe ŋkume ƒe ŋkume alo ŋku ƒe ŋkume ƒe nu gblẽ le wò ŋu goglo wu hã.

Nukatae mele be matsɔ benzocaine ɣe ƒe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe atike aƒu gbe ɖe nye ŋutilã katã dzi gbeɖe le dzobibi vevie le ŋutigbalẽ ƒe aba dzi vɔ megbe o?¶

Ne lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe ɣeyiɣidzidzenu do kpo dɔwɔwɔ eye wòna UV-fiã sesẽ aɖe le dzidzenu gbãtɔ alo evelia me le wò ŋutigbalẽ ƒe akpa 60 va ɖo 90 le alafa me la, ŋutigbalẽ ƒe mɔxenu si gblẽ la va zua nusi me tsi tona ŋutɔ eye ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋukawo kekena wu. Ne ètsɔ atike siwo melɔ̃a alɔ̃dɔdɔ le teƒea abe benzocaine alo lidocaine ƒe alafa memama 20 ene sisi ɖe teƒe gã aɖe dzi la, enaa wò ʋukawo me gena ɖe wò ʋukawo me kabakaba, si ate ŋu ahe methemoglobinemia si ate ŋu ade wò agbe afɔku me alo aɖi si le teƒea ƒe aɖi si ate ŋu ana wò lãme na ame le ɖoɖo nu vɛ. Tsɔ tsi si ƒe dzoxɔxɔ nye Celsius 20 fa ŋutigbalẽa, no tsi siwo me elektrikŋusẽ le, eye nàdi atikewɔla kpata boŋ.

Ðe afɔku li be mercury aɖi nazu ne lãgbalẽŋudɔwɔnu ƒe akaɖi gbã esime mele emea?¶

mercury si nye elemental mercury si ade miligram 5 va ɖo 25 kpe ɖe phosphor-tu ŋu le akaɖi ɖesiaɖe si me keklẽ le si didi meta 1.8 (afɔ 6) me. Bulb ɖeka si gbã mahe mercury ƒe aɖi sesẽ si wua ame vɛ o ne èƒu du do go enumake, ƒo asa na afɔɖeɖe ɖe kakɛawo dzi, nègblẽ xɔa me yaƒoƒomɔ̃a ɖi wònɔ dɔ wɔm, eye nèdo ʋɔa aɖabaƒoƒo 30 ale be yaƒoƒoa nu yi. Afɔku vevitɔ si ate ŋu adzɔ enumakee nye ahuhɔ̃e ƒe ʋuʋu goglo, evɔ afɔku vevitɔ si le mercury gbɔgbɔ me dzɔna ne ame aɖe zã aƒeme yaƒoƒomɔ̃ vodadatɔe tsɔ kɔ akaɖi si gbã la ŋu.

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Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Ŋku si nye duta nu, ŋkume ƒe ʋuʋu, kple welding/UV flash ƒe dzobibi
• Dzoxɔxɔ, dzobibi, kple keklẽŋusẽ fiãa kpekpeɖeŋunadɔ gbãtɔwo
• Fluorescent tube, CFL, kple mercury ƒe gbagbã dedie dzadzɛnyenye
• Glass kplɔ̃ gbagbã, akpata ƒe ʋɔtru si woate ŋu ato, kple laceration control
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woŋlɔ ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo me ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe

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Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• United States Nuɖuɖu Kple Atikewo Dzikpɔƒe (FDA): 21 CFR 1040.20: Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Dzidzenu na Ɣe ƒe Akaɖiwo Kple Ultraviolet Akaɖi Siwo Woɖo Be Woazã le Ɣe ƒe Akaɖiwo Me (Ɣeyiɣi ƒe Seɖoƒe, Nutsitsi Kpata Dzi Kpɔkpɔ, Kple Ametakpɔnu Ŋkuɖodzinu ƒe Kakaɖedzi).
• Dukɔwo Dome Elektrikŋusẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (IEC) / CENELEC: IEC/EN 60335-2-27: Nudidi Tɔxɛwo na Dɔwɔnu siwo woatsɔ akpɔ ŋutigbalẽ ƒe keklẽŋusẽ (0.3 W/m2 Irradiance Limit kple Dual Timer Fail-Safe Protection).
• United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive (HSE): Lãmesẽkuxi siwo tso UV Tanning Dɔwɔnuwo Zazã me Dzi Kpɔkpɔ (INDG209) kple Sunbeds (Regulation) Act 2010.
• Amerikatɔwo ƒe Ŋkudɔlélewo Ŋuti Nusrɔ̃ƒe (AAO): Dɔdaƒe ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Dzikpɔkpɔ le Acute Ultraviolet Photokeratitis (Ŋku ƒe Dzobibi) Kple Afɔku Siwo Le Atike Siwo Wotsɔ Faa Alɔ̃e Si Wozãna Le Atikewo Ŋu Zazã Me.
• United States Nutome Takpɔha (EPA): Fluorescent Lamp si Gba alo Compact Fluorescent Bulb (Mercury Vapor Containment Protocol) si Gbagbã la Kɔklɔ.