Pad-mounted green transformer box le akpata me buzzing, leaking mineral oil, alo wowó: afɔɖeɖe ƒe ŋutete kple 7,200 V gbãtɔ arc clearance¶

Gbe sesẽ aɖe sese, si mewɔ ɖeka kple ɖoɖo o 120-hertz ga ƒe ɖiɖi alo tu ƒe ƒoƒo si le abe tu ene si tso gakpo dama si le dzogoe ene me ƒe aɖaka si me wozãa nuzazãwo le (pad-mounted distribution transformer) be nànɔ anyi ɖe wò ŋgɔgbexɔ me, anɔ elektrik-ŋusẽ si wotɔ dzoe alo ami si me wodea amii si me sulfur le ʋeʋẽm, alo akpɔ gbe ɣi siwo biã kple ami ɣi siwo le dodom tso kabinet la gɔme nye elektrikŋusẽ si nu sẽ ƒe nɔnɔme kpata si ate ŋu ade wò agbe afɔku me. Le aƒewo ƒe akpa sue siwo me elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ siwo le yame mele o me la, elektrikdɔwɔƒewo toa anyigba te nuɖuɖunamɔ̃ gbãtɔ ƒe ka siwo tsɔa ** .7,200 volts be 19,920 volts (7.2 kV be 19.9 kV phase-to-ground, alo vaseɖe 34,500 volts phase-to-phase)** tẽe yi ɖe gakpo damawo ƒe kabinet mawo gɔme be woaɖe afɔ elektrikŋusẽa ɖe anyi va ɖo 120/240-volt aƒeme ŋusẽ. Togbɔ be gakpo dama si le gota la le abe gaɖaka bɔbɔe aɖe ene hã la, megbe afã nye gakpo si wotsɔ nyaƒoɖeamenu wɔe si me wotsɔe yɔ fũu 150 to 500 liters (40 to 130 gallons).

Ne ememe winding insulation do kpo nu la, atiwo ƒe kewo alo anyigba ƒe anyidzedze gbãa anyigba te bushing, alo concentric neutral ground wire la xɔa dzo, a 7,200-volt akasanu ememetɔ naa ami si ƒo xlãe la zua dzoxɔxɔ wòzua hayidrodzin (H2), acetylene ( .C2H2), methane ( .CH4), kple ethylene gas le milisekɔnd me. Ne bayonet fuse alo nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe ʋuƒo si le eme mete ŋu ɖea nyaƒoɖeamenua kabakaba o la, gakpoa gbãna alo ƒoa eƒe ʋɔtru siwo wotsɔ ʋuƒo wɔe la ʋuna le ŋkuʋuʋu me 19,000-degree-Celsius (35,000-degree-Fahrenheit) arc-flash fireball esime wòle ŋusẽ nam anyigba si ƒo xlãe kple ga kabinet ƒe go le elektrikŋusẽ si wua ame me. Ne transformer si wotu ɖe pad dzi le dzudzɔ tum, le akasanu ƒom, le dodom, ami le dodom, alo bɔbɔ nɔ anyi eye eƒe ʋɔtru le ʋuʋu la, ƒo ka na wò nutoa me xexlẽdzesi kpata (911 le United States kple Canada, . 112 le Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔa katã me la, . 999 le United Kingdom; kpɔ ɖa xexlẽdzesi siwo wozãna kpata) kple wò elektrikdɔwɔƒea ƒe dɔwɔƒe si woɖoa amewo ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ 24/7 enumake. Ne èdi elektrikŋusẽ kple elektrikŋusẽ ƒe kuxi siwo do ƒome kplii la, kpɔ pad-mounted green transformer box ƒe wowó, ami ƒe dzo, kple kabinet si le ʋuʋu ɖi ƒe afɔku, . elektrikŋusẽ si tra mɔ le ga ƒe ablɔdzikaɖiwo, afɔtoƒe ƒe do siwo me woɖea do le ƒe nutsyɔnu, kple avu ƒe azɔlizɔzɔ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo dzi, kple downed telecommunications fiber alo coax cable vs. ŋusẽ evelia ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ɖiɖi to ʋuɖoƒe ƒe dzesidede.

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Wɔ esia fifia¶

1. Ðo vovototodedeameme ƒe nutome si ya teti 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet) ƒo xlã transformer aɖaka dama la, eye nàkekee ɖe enu wòaɖo 30 meters (100 feet) ne ele dzudzɔ tum, le ɣli dom, alo le ʋuʋum. Mègazɔ yi transformer-ɖaka si le ɣli dom, si le dzudzɔ tum, alo ami si le dodom gbɔ gbeɖe be nàlé ŋku ɖe eŋu o, mègaka asi gaxɔa ŋu gbeɖe o, eye mègaɖe mɔ na ɖeviwo alo aƒemelãwo be woate ɖe kɔkrit-kplu la ŋu gbeɖe o. Ne èle tsitre ɖe eme xoxo 10 meters (35 feet) ƒe transformer si dzea arcing, roaring, alo flashing gɔme, megaƒu du kple afɔɖeɖe didi o: shuffle alo hop backward keeping both feet tightly together so a 7,200-volt anyigba-vodada ƒe ʋuʋudedi ƒe ʋuʋudedi (afɔɖeɖe ƒe ŋutete) mate ŋu atso afɔ ɖeka dzi eye wòaɖiɖi ɖe evelia dzi o.
2. Na avuwo nanɔ ka kpuiwo dzi le adzɔge tso kabinet la gbɔ nyuie eye mègana avu naɖe aɖuɖɔ ɖe transformer box dama si xɔ dzo la dzi alo aʋẽe gbeɖe o. Avuwo ƒe afɔ ene siwo me tsi mele o siwo doa ka kple gbe xɔdzowo tẽ eye woƒe ŋɔti xɔdzo si kaa ga ƒe dzogoewo ŋu. Ne avu aɖe aɖuɖɔ ɖe transformer si ƒe anyigba ƒe ka ememe alo abɔta gbãtɔ gblẽ, alo ɖe anyigba si ŋu ŋusẽ le dzi la, . 120 to 7,200 volts zɔa mɔ to aɖuɖɔtoea me alo toa avu la tɔ 0.6-meter (2-foot) afɔkpodzi ƒe didime tso ŋgɔgbe yi megbe, si wɔnɛ be ventricular fibrillation enumake.
3. Zã ŋkubiãnu alo wò smartphone camera zoom tso 15+ meters (50+ feet) didi be yeaxlẽ Utility Stencil Number si nye xexlẽdzesi 6 va ɖo 10 si le aɖaka la ƒe ŋgɔgbe. Transformer ɖesiaɖe si wotsɔ pad dama ɖo la ƒe dzesidexexlẽdzesi ɣi, ɣi, alo yibɔ le (tsɔ kpe ɖe barcode tag kple a kVA sticker abe 25, . 50, . 75, alo 100) le ŋgɔgbekpa alo axadzikpa dzi. Stencil xexlẽdzesi ma tututu xexlẽ na utility dispatcher ɖea mɔ na woƒe nutsotsowo dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe ɖoɖoa (OMS) be woade dzesi anyigba te gbãtɔ ƒe ʋuƒo, tsiɖɔɖɔɖɔƒe si te ɖe tɔsisia dzi wu, kple ƒe si me wowɔe (PCB vs. Non-PCB mineral oil) hafi ʋua me dɔwɔlawo nava ɖo.
4. Mègadze agbagba gbeɖe be yeatu transformer ƒe ʋɔtru si womeʋu o alo esi ʋu la, eye mègatsɔ tsi alo aƒeme dzotsimɔ̃ aƒu gbe ɖe aɖaka la dzi gbeɖe o. Ne anyigbatata ƒe vuvu, nudomegbegblẽ, alo ememe nyaƒoɖeamenu ƒe ʋuʋu na gakpo dama ƒe ʋuƒoa ʋu la, nɔ megbe ya teti 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet). Le kabinet la me la, rababa ƒe abɔta gbãtɔ siwo ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ (7,200 to 19,920 V) kple akɔbli ƒuƒu evelia ƒe busbars ( .120/240 V le 2,000+ amps of available fault current) nɔa anyi sentimeta tso ʋɔtrua ƒe nuyi gbɔ. Mègazã abɔ me hose alo aƒemenuzazã si wotsɔ asi wɔe gbeɖe o ABC dzotsimɔ̃ (si woɖo dzesi na xɔmenuwo ɖeɖeko le ete 1,000 volts).
5. Kpɔ wò aƒeme ɖa be "Open Neutral" voltage swings hã eye nàtsi wò Main Breaker ne akaɖiwo le keklẽm gbemelã alo wole keklẽm ŋkumaʋumaʋui. Ne anyigba te transformer xɔ dzo akpa alo eƒe neutral connection fiã le green cabinet la me la, wò aƒea ƒe eve 120-volt afɔwo va zua esiwo meda sɔ o (dɔdɔ 180 to 210 volts ɖe wò nudzraƒewo ƒe afã me esime nèle afã mamlɛa dam ɖe 40 volts). Ne wò xɔme breaker panel fa, ƒu, eye ɖoɖoezizi la, tsi tre ɖe axadzi eye nàtrɔ Main Service Breaker la ɖe OFF be woaxe mɔ na surge strips kple appliance boards be woagaxɔ dzo o. (Ne wò xɔme ʋuƒoa ŋutɔ le ɖiɖim sesĩe, le atama nom, alo le dzo dam la, mègaka asi ʋuƒoa ŋu o: do le aƒea me enumake.)
6. Tsɔ ƒomea me tɔwo kple aƒemelãwo va xɔ me, do fesrewo katã, eye nàtsi titina HVAC yaxɔƒewo ne transformer la le dzudzɔ alo ami si le dodom. Dzo alo vaporized dielectric mineral oil ɖea dense polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), aldehyde siwo me wodea amii, carbon monoxide, kple ʋuʋudedi; le domenyinu unit siwo wotsɔ atitsoga ƒo ɖi do ŋgɔ na 1979 EPA ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔa nu, dzotɔtɔ polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) na aɖi dibenzofuran siwo me klorin le ( .PCDFs) kple dioxins.

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Nyametsotsoti: pad-mounted green transformer kpata triage¶

flowchart TD
    A["Nusi mesɔ o le nutoa me ƒe amadede dzẽ pad-mounted transformer aɖaka"] --> B{"Dzesi kae nèkpɔna le adzɔge?"}
    B -->|"1. Gbeɖiɖi sesẽ si ƒe didime nye 120-Hz, akasa nu, dzudzɔ, dzo, alo nutsyɔnu si le dodom/do"| C["Miɖe amewo le teƒe si didi meta 15 va ɖo 30 (afɔ 50 va ɖo 100) enumake"]
    B -->|"2. Tsi si me ami le si le sisim ɖe kɔkrit-gbadzɛ, gbe si biã, alo ʋeʋẽ si gblẽ/fiã dzi"| D["Nɔ megbe meta 10 va ɖo 15 (afɔ 35 va ɖo 50); na aƒemelãwo kple ɖeviwo nanɔ eme"]
    B -->|"3. Kabinet ƒe ʋɔtru ʋu, gaƒoɖokui bu, alo 5-point penta-bolt si le ʋuʋu"| E["MÈGAKA asi ʋɔtrua ŋu alo adoe o; dzɔlawo ƒe nutome tso 10+ metawo ƒe didime"]
    C --> F{"Ðe nèle anyigba ƒe vodada ƒe teƒe si didi meta 10 (afɔ 35) la me xoxoa?"}
    F -->|"Ɛ̃"| G["Tsɔ afɔ eveawo ƒo ƒu alo ti kpo yi megbe be nàƒo asa na Afɔɖeɖe ƒe Ŋutete"]
    F -->|"Ao"| H["Ƒo ka na 911 Dzotsidɔwɔƒe KPL Elektrik Dɔwɔƒe ƒe Dɔwɔƒe Kpata"]
    G --> H
    D --> H
    E --> H
    H --> I["Zã ŋkubiãnu alo telefon dzi nukpɔkpɔ tso meta 15+ be nàxlẽ Stencil Xexlẽdzesi si tso xexlẽdzesi 6 va ɖo 10"]
    I --> J{"Ðe aƒewo ƒe akaɖiwo le keklẽm sesĩe, wole keklẽm ɖe edzi, alo le ʋeʋẽm abe aŋe si wotɔ dzoe enea?"}
    J -->|"Ẽ: Ʋu Neutral alo primary-to-secondary fault"| K["Ne xɔme breaker box le ɖoɖoezizi/fafa la, trɔ Main Breaker OFF; ne panel buzz la, ʋu le aƒea me"]
    J -->|"Ao"| L["Do fesrewo, tsi HVAC ƒe mɔ̃a, eye nàlala Utility Hot-Stick Lineman"]
    K --> L
    L --> M["Demand Utility HazMat kontraktɔ na kɔ ami siwo katã kɔ ɖe anyigba ŋu eye woado anyigba kpɔ be PCBwo le eme hã"]

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Anatomy of a green pad-mounted transformer: nusi le kabinet la me¶

Nusi bɔbɔ nɔa ga gbadzɛ ƒe ʋuƒo si le xɔmenuwo ƒe xɔmenuwo ƒe ʋuƒo si wotsɔa ʋuƒo ɖonae ƒe ʋuƒo si wotsɔa ʋuƒo ɖeka ɖonae ƒe ʋuƒoa megbe gɔmesese ɖe nusita utility linemen doa awu me 40 cal/cm2 arc-flash-wuwo eye nàzã ** .2.4-meter (8-foot) fiberglass "tu" hot-stick** be woaʋu ʋɔa ko:

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|        SINGLE-PHASE RESIDENTIAL PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMER (TOP/FRONT VIEW)    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                             |
|   +---------------------------------------------------------------------+   |
|   |                   REAR SEALED STEEL OIL TANK                        |   |
|   |  - Contains 150 to 500 L (40 to 130 gal) Dielectric Mineral Oil     |   |
|   |  - Houses High-Voltage Core & Copper/Aluminum Windings              |   |
|   |  - Internal Oil Temp under Peak Load: 65 C to 105 C (150 to 220 F)  |   |
|   |  - Dissolved Combustible Gases during Fault: H2, C2H2 (Acetylene)   |   |
|   +---------------------------------------------------------------------+   |
|   |              STEEL TANK WALL / BUSHING PARTITION PLATE              |   |
|   +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+   |
|   |  LEFT SIDE: HIGH-VOLTAGE (HV)    |  RIGHT SIDE: LOW-VOLTAGE (LV)    |   |
|   |  PRIMARY COMPARTMENT             |  SECONDARY COMPARTMENT           |   |
|   |  * Voltage: 7,200 V to 19,920 V  |  * Voltage: 120 / 240 Volts      |   |
|   |  * H1A & H1B Load-Break Elbows   |  * X1, X2, X3 Threaded Studs     |   |
|   |    (Loop-Feed In & Out to next   |    feeding 4 to 12 houses        |   |
|   |    transformers down the street) |  * Uninsulated bare metal spades |   |
|   |  * Bayonet Oil-Expulsion Fuse    |    with 2,000+ Amps fault current|   |
|   |  * Pressure Relief Valve (PRV)   |  * Concentric Neutral Ground Bar |   |
|   +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+   |
|              ^                       |                       ^              |
|     [Hinged Steel Hood]    [5-Point Penta-Head Bolt    [Utility Padlock]    |
|                             + Recessed Security Latch]                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Nusita wotsɔa ka blaa transformer siwo wotu ɖe pad dzi le "Open-Loop Primary" (H1A kple H1B) .¶

To vovo na atitsoga si le yame si ƒoa ka ɖeka le yame la, tɔtrɔɖenu ɖesiaɖe kloe si wotu ɖe xɔmenuwo ƒe amadede dama dzi nye anyigba te loop-feed circuit ƒe akpa aɖe: - A 7,200-volt (alo 13,800 V / . 19,920 V) anyigba te ka gbãtɔ gena ɖe aɖaka la ƒe miame le ete tso aƒelika si le dzigbe gome ƒe mɔ̃ si trɔa asi le eŋu (Bushing H1A), doa ŋusẽ wò transformer, eye wòdona to abɔta evelia si me elektrikŋusẽ le ŋutɔ (Bushing H1B) be woatsɔ ana nuɖuɖu transformer 5 va ɖo 20 siwo kplɔe ɖo le mɔa dzi. - Nusi esia fia le nɔnɔme kpata aɖe me: Ne wò transformer ƒe ememe Bayonet Expulsion Fuse ƒo eye wòƒo elektrikŋusẽ na wò aƒe kple wò aƒelika siwo te ɖe ŋuwò hã la, the... 7,200-to-19,920-volt ka siwo wotsɔna ƒoa ka gbãtɔwo ( .H1A kple H1B) si le wò aɖaka dama la gɔme me la, nɔa LIVE 100 le alafa me eye ŋusẽ le eŋu vaseɖe esime dɔwɔƒe si kpɔa kuxiwo gbɔ la nakpɔ tsi si le dziƒo ƒe switching cabinet alo riser pole si le ablɔ geɖe dzi eye wòahe fuse gbãtɔawo. Mègasusui gbeɖe be transformer box dama aɖe "ku" le esi elektrikŋusẽ bu le aƒe siwo katã le wò cul-de-sac dzi ta ko o.

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Diagnostic table: nusi gbeɖiɖi, ʋeʋẽ, alo nukpɔkpɔ ƒe dzesi ɖesiaɖe fia¶

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Afɔɖeɖe ƒe Ŋutete kple Kakaɖedzi ƒe Ŋutete: nusita gbe siwo ƒo xlã aɖaka dama si gblẽ ate ŋu awu wò¶

Ne elektrikŋusẽnamɔ̃ gbãtɔ si ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ (7,200 V be 19,920 V) vodadawo le gakpo si trɔa mɔ̃a ƒe nutunua me alo yi anyigba me, eye akɔbli si le anyigba te si le titina ƒe tɔtrɔgbɔ ka si mewɔa akpa aɖeke o la xɔ alo gbã, anyigba si ƒo xlã kɔnkrit-kpa la wɔa dɔ abe elektrik-tsitrenu gã aɖe ene. Elektrikŋusẽ sina toa anyigba me yia gota le asigɛ siwo le titina me, eye wòɖiɖina tso volt akpe geɖe le kɔnkrit-kpa dzi va ɖoa volt zero le 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet):

                    [ FAULTING GREEN TRANSFORMER BOX ]
                         (Cabinet & Pad at 7,200 V)
                                     |
          +--------------------------+--------------------------+
          |      Ring 1 (0.5 m / 2 ft):  ~5,500 Volts           |
          |   +---------------------------------------------+   |
          |   |    Ring 2 (1.5 m / 5 ft):  ~3,200 Volts     |   |
          |   |  +---------------------------------------+  |   |
          |   |  |   Ring 3 (3.0 m / 10 ft): ~1,400 Volts|  |   |
          |   |  |  +---------------------------------+  |  |   |
          |   |  |  |  Ring 4 (10 m / 35 ft): ~0 Volts|  |  |   |

1. Nusita Azɔlizɔzɔ Si Sɔ Wua Ame (Step Potential):
2. Ne èzɔ yina alo dzo le arcing alo anyigba-faulted transformer xɔ normal 0.8-meter (2.5-foot) afɔɖeɖe, wò megbefɔ ate ŋu anɔ tsitre ɖe anyigba dzi le 1,400 volts esime wò ŋgɔgbefɔ le afɔ ɖem ɖe anyigba dzi le 3,200 volts. Nu ma 1,800-volt vovototo (Step Potential) tsɔa elektrikŋusẽ si wua ame yia afɔ ɖeka dzi tẽ, toa wò akɔta, eye wòɖina ɖe afɔ evelia dzi.
3. Nusita Avũ siwo ƒe Afɔ Ene Ku Enumake le Voltage si bɔbɔ wu me: Avũ aɖe si le zɔzɔm to gbe xɔdzo siwo te ɖe transformer si gblẽ ŋu la ƒe spans 0.5 to 0.9 meters (1.5 to 3 feet) le eƒe ŋgɔgbefɔwo kple megbefɔwo dome, afɔti siwo me tsi le siwo metsia tre ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu boo o le esi, eye eƒe dzi le fifia ƒe mɔ si le tsia dzi si le ŋgɔgbefɔwo kple megbefɔwo dome la me tẽ.
4. Alesi Nàwɔ Si le Anyigbamama Me Dedie (The Shuffle / Two-Foot Hop):
5. Ne èse le ɖokuiwò me be yeƒe afɔwo alo afɔwo le ʋuʋum le aɖaka dama aɖe si te ɖe utility box ŋu, alo ne transformer la dze akasa nu, le ɣli dom, alo atamanono esime nèle afima la, tsi tsikpe me, te afɔ eveawo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu sesĩe, eye nàʋuʋu wo ɖe megbe ale be afɔ ɖeka ƒe afɔkpodzi nato evelia ƒe afɔbidɛ ŋu gbeɖe o (wòafɔ evea siaa nakaka ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ɣesiaɣi), alo ti kpo yi megbe eye afɔ eveawo nadze anyi le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me vaseɖe esime nànɔ nenema ya teti 15 meters (50 feet) na. Mègaka asi transformer cabinet alo ga gli si te ɖe eŋu ŋu gbeɖe esime nèle ʋuʋum le adzɔge (Touch Potential).

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Alesi woagblɔ Stencil Xexlẽdzesi kple Kabinet Ƒomevi tututu na Utility Dispatcher¶

Ne èƒo ka na wò elektrikdɔwɔƒea ƒe kaƒomɔ̃ si kpɔa nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo gbɔ 24/7 la, xlẽ dzesi siwo le kabinet la ƒe gota tso 15+ meters (50+ feet) adzɔge to ŋkubiãnu alo wò fon ƒe nukpɔkpɔ si wotsɔna dzidzea nu dzi:

1. The 6-to-10-Digit Stencil / Pad Number: Di xexlẽdzesi/ŋɔŋlɔdzesi siwo wotsɔ stencil wɔe ɣi, yibɔ, alo ɣi le ŋgɔgbe ʋuƒo si le etame (abe T-482910, . PAD 8492-A, alo G-19402-3), siwo wɔa nɔnɔmetata ɖe dɔwɔƒea ƒe GIS grid coordinates dzi tẽ.
2. Nu la kVA Capacity Sticker: Zi geɖe la, xexlẽdzesi ɣi kple yibɔ alo ɣi kple yibɔ si le dzogoe ene me (25, . 37.5, . 50, . 75, . 100, alo 167) si fia kilovolt-ampere ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme.
3. "NON-PCB" Blue/Green Sticker (alo Eƒe Manɔmanɔ):
4. Transformers siwo wowɔ le emegbe 1980 zi geɖe la, woɖea dzogoe sue aɖe si le dzogoe ene me blɔ, amadede dzẽ, alo ɣi fiana "NON-PCB" decal le ŋgɔgbe alo axadzi.
5. Ne no NON-PCB decal (alo bɔbɔ nɔ nuto sue aɖe si nɔ anyi do ŋgɔ na ƒe 1980 me), gblɔ na Dzotsidɔwɔƒe kple Dɔwɔƒe si Kpɔa Dɔwɔnyawo Gbɔ be: "Non-PCB sticker aɖeke mele kabinet la ŋu si woate ŋu akpɔ o eye ami le dodom; taflatse miwɔ nu ɖe ​​tsi si kɔ ɖe eme ŋu abe tsi si ate ŋu anye domenyinu si me PCB ƒo ɖii ene."
6. Alesi Afɔɖeɖe Eve ƒe Utility Security Lock wɔa dɔe (Penta-Bolt + Padlock):
7. Egɔme IEEE C57.12.28 / . NEMA enclosure standards, womate ŋu atsɔ akɔbli gaƒoɖokui ɖeɖeko alé transformer ʋɔtru si wotsɔ pad dama ɖo la ta o. Le padlock hasp la te la, 5-sided (pentagonal) bolt si le dedie ŋutɔ ( .Penta-Bolt) si bia be utility penta-socket wrench natrɔ hafi padlock ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔa nate ŋu awɔ dɔ. Ne gaƒoɖokui la le xɔxlɔ̃ si le ʋuʋu ɖi dzi alo dometsotso aɖe dze le ʋuƒoa ƒe go si le ete la, wometsɔ penta-bolt si le eme la nɔ anyi o la, ka nya ta tso Unsecured Dead-Front Cabinet ŋu enumake.

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Dielectric Mineral Oil vs. Legacy PCB Spills: Aƒetɔ ƒe Dzadzɛnyenye Sewo (40 CFR Part 761) .¶

Ne transformer si wotu ɖe pad dzi do alo gbã la, . 50 to 400 liters (13 to 105 gallons) si me ami si me kɔ, si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, alo esi me yibɔ ate ŋu aƒo ɖe wò ŋgɔgbe gbe me, atsyɔ wò ʋuɖoƒe kple ʋuwo dzi, alo aklɔ ayi ahomya ƒe tsidzɔƒe.

• Mègaka asi transformer ami ŋu, tutu, alo hose down transformer oil gbeɖe o: Abɔ me hose alo pressure washer sisi ɖe transformer ami si kɔ ɖe transformer ami si kɔ ɖe anyigba dzi naa amia zu emulsize eye wòʋãa petroleum hydrocarbons (kple domenyinu ɖesiaɖe Polychlorinated Biphenyls / PCBs, . CAS 1336-36-3) goglo ɖe gbenyigba, ahomya ƒe tsiɖɔɖɔɖɔƒewo, kple anyigba te tsiwo me.
• Elektrik Dɔwɔƒea tsɔa Se kple Ganyawo ƒe Agbanɔamedzi 100% le Dzadzɛnyenye me: Le dukɔa ƒe nutomeɖoɖowo nu (US EPA 40 CFR Part 761 Subpart G PCB ƒe Tsi Kɔkɔ Klɔƒe Ŋuti Ðoɖo, Tsi Dzadzɛ Ŋuti Se 40 CFR Part 112 SPCC Oil Spill Rules, kple dukɔa/nutome/UK sewo), elektrikdɔwɔƒea tɔe nye pad-mounted transformer eye wòkpɔa afɔkunuwo katã ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo xɔxɔ, anyigba kuku, kɔnkrit pad ɖɔliɖɔli, ʋuɖoƒe/ʋu ƒe ɖiƒoƒo, kple sod gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo le $0 ga si woaxe na aƒetɔ la.
• Nusi woabia tso dɔwɔƒea ƒe nutomeŋutinunyala gbɔ hafi woƒe dɔwɔlawo nadzo:
• Bia tso dɔwɔƒea ƒe nutome ƒe afɔku ƒe kontraktɔ si be naku anyigba kple sod siwo katã me ami le vaseɖe anyigba dzadzɛ dzi (15 to 30 centimeters / . 6 to 12 inches le ɖi si wokpɔna la godo) eye nàhee adzoe le DOT hazmat-kplu siwo wotre nu me;
• Bia nudokpɔƒe ƒe Dzesidegbalẽvi si woŋlɔ (alo dɔwɔƒe ƒe ŋkɔgbalẽvi si ŋu woɖo kpee) si ɖo kpe edzi nenye be tsi si kɔ ɖe eme la le eme < 1 ppm PCBs (Ami si menye PCB o alo dzɔdzɔme ester tsi), . 50 to 499 ppm PCBs (PCB-Ðoɖi), alo >= 500 ppm PCBs (si bia tso EPA anyigba tutu/core verification sampling te 40 CFR § 761.125); kple
• Ne ami ƒe kuɖiɖi ƒu gbe ɖe wò ʋu alo aƒea ƒe axadzi la, ŋlɔ Utility Property Damage & Environmental Decontamination Claim enumake hafi nàklɔ ʋua.

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Nutome ƒe xexlẽdzesi siwo ku ɖe nudzɔdzɔ kpatawo ŋu kple nuzazãwo ƒe afɔku ŋuti ɖoɖowo¶

• United States kple Canada:
• Dɔdɔdɔ Kpata: Ƒo ** .911** enumake na transformer box dama ɖesiaɖe si le dzudzɔ tum, le bibim, le akasa nu, alo le wowóm, alo ne kabinet ƒe ʋɔtru aɖe le ʋuʋu si na eƒe akpa siwo le eme la dzena.
• Electric Utility 24/7 Outage & Hazard Line: Ƒo ka na xexlẽdzesi kpata si le wò elektrikfetu dzi le ema megbe teti 911 eye nàna Stencil Xexlẽdzesi si tso xexlẽdzesi 6 va ɖo 10 la amedɔdɔa.
• Anyigba Te Didi & Ami Siwo Kɔkɔ: Ƒo 811 le dukɔa me godoo le U.S.A. godoo (call811.com) alo ** .ClickBeforeYouDig.com** le Canada hafi woaku anyigba. Ka nya ta tso ami si kɔ ɖe transformer si womekɔ o ŋu na Dukɔa ƒe Nyaŋuɖoɖo Dɔwɔƒe (NRC) le 1-800-424-8802 kple wò Dukɔa DEP/ .EPA.
• Fiaɖuƒe Ðeka:
• Emergency Dispatch & Dukɔa ƒe Ŋusẽtsoƒe / Afɔku Xexlẽdzesi: Ƒo 999 ne elektrikkaɖi dama si le mɔ to (link box, feeder pillar, alo package substation) le dzo dam alo le wowóm, eye nàƒo ka na ** .105** (UK dukɔa ƒe femaxee Elektrikŋusẽ DNO Xexlẽdzesi Kpata le England, Scotland, kple Wales katã, alo ** .03457 643 643** na NIE Networks le Dziehe Ireland) be woagblɔ kabinet si le ɣli dom, si le dodom, alo le ʋuʋu ɖi le ** .HSE ESQCR Ƒe 2002**.
• Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha:
• Dɔdɔdɔ Kpata: Ƒo ** .112** le EU-dukɔwo katã me be woagblɔ mɔ to tɔtrɔmɔ̃ ƒe xɔ si le bibim, le ɣli dom, alo le ʋuʋu ɖi (poste de transformation HTA/BT le France, Kompakttrafostation le Germany, centro de transformación le Spain) eye woana nutoa me DSO (Enedis / . e-distribuzione). Nɔ anyi ** ya teti .15 meters (50 feet)** megbe.
• Australia kple New Zealand:
• Dɔdɔdɔ Kpata: Ƒo ** .000** le Australia alo ** .111** le New Zealand hena dzo alo wowó si le dɔ wɔm le Padmount Substation / Pillar Box si ƒe amadede nye aŋutiɖiɖi, eye nàƒo ka na wò elektrikŋusẽmamãla (Ausgrid 13 13 88, . Endeavour Energy 131 003, . Energex 13 19 62, . Western Power 13 13 51, alo Vector le NZ me).
• Asia (Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, kple India):
• Singapore: Ƒo ka na 995 (SCDF) kple SP Group Gaƒoƒo 24 ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ Dɔwɔƒe le 1800-778-8888 na vodada siwo le anyigba dzi mamaɖakawo me (OGBs).
• Japan, Hong Kong, & India: Le Japan me la, ƒo ka na 119 kple kadodo TEPCO/ .KEPCO. Le Hong Kong la, ƒo ka na ** .999** kple kadodo ** .CLP Power (2728 8333)** alo HK Electric (2555 4999). Le India me la, ƒo ka na ** .112** kple miaƒe nutoa me tɔwo DISCOM kpekpeɖeŋunamɔ̃ (1912).

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Nya siwo wobiaa amewo enuenu¶

Nukatae kasia transformer-ɖaka dama si le nye akpata me la le ɖiɖim sesĩe wu le dzomeŋɔli ƒe dzoxɔxɔ alo le fiẽ ga 6:00 me?¶

Transformer si wozãna ɖaa si wotu ɖe pad dzi la doa gbeɖiɖi aɖe si me ɖoɖoezizi le, si li ke 120-hertz ƒe ʋuʋudedi hum si magnetostriction si le eƒe gakpo ƒe nuto me hena vɛ. Ke hã, le 4:00 PM kple 9:00 PM le dzomeŋɔli ƒe dzoxɔxɔ me, alo ne aƒelika geɖe tsɔ elektrikŋusẽ de eme le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me Dzidzenu 2 (40-va ɖo 80 amp) . Elektrik-ʋu (EV) chargers kple du titina yaƒoƒomɔ̃wo, ɖeka 50 kVA ƒe kpekpeme woate ŋu atutu nutoa me transformer ɖe 140 va ɖo 180 le alafa me ƒe ŋutete si woɖo ɖi la ŋu. Ne wotsɔ agba si gbɔ eme la, ami si le eme ƒe dzoxɔxɔ dzina ɖe edzi wu 100 ƒe dzoxɔxɔ (212 ƒe dzoxɔxɔ si nye Fahrenheit), core laminations ʋuʋu sesĩe, eye ememe kadodowo dzea arc alo sisi gɔme. Ne ɣlidodoa trɔ zu gbeɖiɖi sesẽ aɖe, bacon si wotsɔ ɖaa nu, alo ga ƒe ɖiɖi la, ke nɔ anyi 15 ƒe didime (afɔ 50 ƒe didime) trɔ yi megbe eye nàƒo ka na wò elektrikdɔwɔƒea enumake ale be woate ŋu alé ŋku ɖe mɔ̃a ŋu hafi wòagbã.

Nye avu ƒe mo wɔ yaa alo do ɣli eye wòti kpo trɔ gbɔ esime wònɔ zɔzɔm le gbea dzi le aɖaka dama aɖe si te ɖe nuzazãwo ŋu. Nu kae dzᴐ?¶

Wò avu to nuteƒekpɔkpɔ me contact voltage (stray voltage) alo anyigba-vodada afɔɖeɖe ƒe ŋutete. Ne ka si wotsɔ xea mɔ na ya ƒe nick si le anyigba te alo ka si me tsi mele o si le titina si xɔ dzo la tsɔ elektrikŋusẽ si le anyigba xɔdzo me la, elektrikŋusẽ ƒe tɔtrɔ aɖe dzɔna le anyigba dzi ƒo xlã kɔnkrit-kpa la. Elabena avu zɔa afɔkpodzi ene siwo xɔ dzo eye wole ƒuƒlu siwo keke ta 0.5 va ɖo 0.9 meta (Afɔ 1.5 va ɖo 3) eye eƒe fibrillation threshold le sue, gɔ̃ hã 15 va ɖo 50 volt le gbea ƒe go kemɛ dzi la naa ʋuʋudedi si vea ame alo wua ame le eƒe ŋgɔgbe kple megbefɔwo dome. He wò avu trɔ yi asphalt ƒuƒu dzi enumake, nɔ anyi ya teti 10 va ɖo 15 ƒe didime (afɔ 35 va ɖo 50) le adzɔge tso aɖaka la gbɔ, eye nàyɔ 911. Ƒe 911 kple wò elektrikdɔwɔƒea be nàka nya ta le afɔku si le dɔ wɔm si me ŋusẽ le si na lã aɖe ƒe mo wɔ yaa ko.

Ðe mate ŋu ade ama transformer-ɖaka dama nyɔŋu si le nye ŋgɔgbexɔ me la be wòasɔ kple nye aƒea alo atsɔ aʋatso kpe si me do le atsyɔ edzia?¶

Ao, mègade ama transformer si wotu ɖe pad dzi alo da fiberglass faux-rock nutsyɔnu ɖe ​​edzi gbeɖe o. Gbã la, wotrɔ asi le dɔwɔƒea ƒe Munsell-green enamel ŋu be wòaɖe dzoxɔxɔ ememetɔ tso... 100-degree-Celsius ƒe dzoxɔxɔ amiɖaka; latex aƒea ƒe amadede dada ɖe kabinet la dzi xɔa tsigoea, tsyɔa nu vevi la dzi Stencil Xexlẽdzesi si tso xexlẽdzesi 6 va ɖo 10 kple nuxlɔ̃amedegbalẽvi siwo ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ, eye wòtsɔa aŋe blaa yaƒoƒo ƒe nuyi kple penta-bolt ƒe ʋuƒoa. Evelia, ne wotsɔ kpe gbadzɛ si me do le si wotsɔ dzraa anyigba ɖo la ɖo mɔ̃ si wotsɔ trɔa ami si le dɔ wɔm dzi la, eléa dzoxɔxɔ vaseɖe esime dzoxɔxɔ ƒe sisi le ememe ʋuƒoawo ŋu eye wowó. Ne amadede si le wò nutoa me ƒe aɖaka dzi le ʋuʋum alo xɔ dzo la, yɔ elektrikdɔwɔƒea: dɔwɔƒewo ɖoa beléle na dɔwɔƒea be woaɖalé ŋku ɖe ami si le dodom hã ŋu eye woagbugbɔ ama kabinet la ɖe nusi dzi elektrikdɔwɔƒea da asi ɖo me femaxee.

Akaɖi siwo le nye aƒea me le ɖiɖim eye wole ʋuʋum sesĩe esime aɖaka dama si le gota la le ɖiɖim. Nukatae akaɖi siwo klẽna ŋutɔ le nye aƒea ƒe afã me?¶

Èle nusi me... "Subɔsubɔdɔ si le Ʋuʋu me Medea akpa aɖeke dzi o". le pad-mounted transformer ƒe evelia ƒe xɔ me (alo le wò anyigba te subɔsubɔ drop la to). Ŋusẽ si le Anyiehe Amerika gena ɖe wò aƒe me abe eve ene 120-volt ƒe ŋusẽ afɔ dzodzoewo ( .240 ƒe ʋuʋudedi total) mamã anyigba titina ka si mewɔa akpa aɖeke o. Ne lug ma si medea akpa aɖeke dzi o fiã le transformer box dama la me la, wo ame evea 120-volt ƒe ŋusẽ wò aƒea ƒe afãwo ma elektrikŋusẽ si mesɔ o ɖe mɔ̃ siwo le dɔ wɔm dzi, eye woɖonɛ ɖa vaseɖe 180 va ɖo 210 ƒe volt ɖe wò asitsaƒewo ƒe afã ɖeka me (wotrɔa akaɖiwo wòklẽna ŋkuagbãtɔe eye woɖaa dzodoƒe ƒe ʋuƒo, fridzi, kple ƒutsotsoewo ƒe ʋuƒo) esime wole afã mamlɛa dam ɖe 30 va ɖo 60 volt. Ne wò xɔme breaker panel la le ɖoɖoezizi me eye wòfa la, ke trɔ wò Main Breaker OFF enumake eye nàƒo ka na dɔwɔƒea be wòagblɔ nya aɖe emergency ʋuʋu akpaɖekedzimademade.

Nukae cartoon ƒe dzogoe etɔ̃ ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ("Mr. Ouch") si le transformer box dama la ƒe ŋgɔgbe la fia?¶

Nuxlɔ̃amedzesi si le dzogoe etɔ̃ me si ƒe amadede nye ɣi kple dzĩ si ɖe dzikedzo ƒe nɔnɔme aɖe si le ʋuʋum ɖevi aɖe ƒe asi fia lae nye... Dukɔa ƒe Elektrikŋusẽdɔwɔƒewo ƒe Habɔbɔ (NEMA) "Aƒetɔ Ouch" High-Voltage Afɔku ƒe Ŋkɔ, si woɖo ɖe ɖoɖo nu le ƒe 1980-awo me esi ɖeviwo ƒe dedienɔnɔ ŋuti numekukuwo ɖee fia be ɖevi sue siwo mete ŋu xlẽa nu o "AFƆKU - VOLTAGE KƆKƆE - KPƆ NU GBƆ". le dzɔdzɔme nu la, de dzesi nutata ƒe mo si le nu xam la eye nàƒo asa nɛ. Ɣesiaɣi si nàkpɔ "Aƒetɔ Ouch" ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖe gaɖaka dama aɖe dzi le akpata alo tsaɖibɔ aɖe me la, eɖoa kpe edzi be nusiwo le xɔa me dɔwɔnu siwo me elektrikŋusẽ le si wua ame ( .7,200 va ɖo 34,500 volt) . tsɔ wu be woatsɔ telefon si me elektrikŋusẽ mele o alo kable-TV ƒe kaƒoƒo.

Anyigbaŋutinunyala aɖe nɔ megbe na ʋu si tsɔa nu alo ʋu si wotsɔ lãa lãe la yi ɖe transformer-ɖaka dama la me eye wòƒoe vie le eƒe kɔkrit-kpa dzi, gake elektrikŋusẽa gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm. Ðe wòle dediea?¶

Ao, bu transformer si wotsɔ pad-mounted shift alo dented ŋu be enye nudzɔdzɔ kpata si ate ŋu ade ame ƒe agbe afɔku me enumake ne nutoa me ƒe elektrikŋusẽ gakpɔtɔ le dɔ wɔm gɔ̃ hã. Ne ʋu aɖe trɔ transformer cabinet dama gɔ̃ hã sentimeta 5 va ɖo 10 (2 va ɖo 4 ƒe didime) le eƒe kɔkrit-gbadzɛ, si nye anyigba te si sesẽ la dzi 7,200-volt ƒe ŋusẽ wohea ka gbãtɔ siwo toa kɔkrit fesrea dzi gbɔna la sesĩe ɖe gakpo alo kɔkrit ƒe ʋuƒoa ƒe nugbɔ ɖaɖɛa ŋu, eye wogbãa rababa ƒe abɔta ƒe nusi wotsɔ xea mɔ na nu alo akɔbli anyigba ka ƒuƒlu si wobla ɖe nuɖazea ŋu la gbãna. Le aɖabaƒoƒo alo gaƒoƒo ʋɛ aɖewo ko me la,... `7,200-volt` ka ate ŋu aƒo ɖe gakpo ƒe kabinet ƒe goa me tẽ, si ana ŋusẽ aɖaka bliboa kple anyigba si ƒo xlãe. Miɖe amewo le teƒea `15 meters` (`50 feet`) dzo eye nàyɔ `911` kple elektrikŋusẽdɔwɔƒea enumake.

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Mɔfiame siwo do ƒome kplii¶

• Pad-mounted green transformer box ƒe wowó, ami ƒe dzo, kple kabinet si le ʋuʋu ɖi ƒe afɔku
• Elektrikŋusẽ si tra mɔ le ga si le ablɔdzikaɖiwo, afɔtoƒe ƒe do siwo me amewo tona ƒe nutsyɔnu, kple avu ƒe zɔzɔ ƒe ʋuʋudediwo ŋu
• Downed telecommunications fiber alo coax cable vs. ŋusẽ evelia ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe ɖiɖi to ʋuɖoƒe ƒe dzesidede
• Rolling brownouts, voltage sag, kple mɔ̃a ƒe compressor ƒe dzobibi takpɔkpɔ
• Xexlẽdzesi siwo woxɔna kpata le dukɔwo nu

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Dzɔtsoƒewo kple dziɖuɖumegãwo ƒe mɔfiame¶

• Elektrik kple Elektrɔnikmɔ̃ɖaŋuŋutinunyalawo ƒe Dɔwɔƒe (IEEE) & Dukɔa ƒe Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Se (NESC): *klzzh:0297 Pad-Dɔwɔnuwo - EnclosureIntegrity *)**, **IEEE Std C57.12.25 / C57.12.34 (*Dzidzenu na Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Ƒomevi, Ðokuisi-Fa Mama Tɔtrɔlawo, 2,500 kVA kple Suewo ltage si ƒe ŋusẽ de ŋgɔ 34,500 GrdY/19,920 Volts kple Ete**, kple **NESC (IEEE C2) Se 380 / Se 215 (Pad-Mounted Clearances kplerounding)**.
• Dɔwɔƒewo ƒe Dedienɔnɔ Kple Lãmesẽnyawo Gbɔkpɔha (OSHA, United States): ** .29 CFR § 1910.269 (Elektrikŋusẽ Dzɔdzɔme, Gbeƒãɖeɖe, kple Mama)**: *High-Voltage Susutɔ Tete Adzɔge, Teƒe si Wotu / Pad-Mounted Hot-Stick Dɔwɔwɔwo, kple Afɔɖeɖe / Kakaɖedzi Ŋutete Equipotential Takpɔkpɔ *.
• U.S. Nutome Takpɔha (EPA): ** .40 CFR Part 761 Subpart G (Polychlorinated Biphenyls / PCB Kɔkɔe ƒe Dzadzɛnyenye Ŋuti Ðoɖo, §§ 761.120-761.135)** kple ** .40 CFR Part 112 (Ami ƒe Ðiƒoƒo Nutsitsi / SPCC ƒe Nudidiwo na Mineral Oil Elektrik Dɔwɔnuwo)**.
• Dukɔa ƒe Elektrikŋusẽdɔwɔƒewo ƒe Habɔbɔ (NEMA): NEMA ƒe Dzidzenu 260 (Dedienɔnɔ ƒe Ŋkɔwo na Pad-Mounted Switchgear kple Transformers, "Aƒetɔ Ouch" Dutoƒo Afɔku Nuxlɔ̃ameɖoɖo) kple Penta-Ta Dedienɔnɔ Bolt Tamper-Tsitretsitsi ƒe Nɔnɔmewo.
• Lãmesẽ Kple Dedienɔnɔ Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (HSE, United Kingdom): Elektrikŋusẽ ƒe Dedienɔnɔ, Eƒe Nyonyome Kple Eyi edzi ƒe Sededewo (ESQCR) Ƒe 2002 kple * .HSG47 (Ƒo asa na Afɔku si Tso Anyigba Te Dɔwɔƒewo Kple Mama Dɔwɔƒewo)*.