Transformateur kɛsu wuluwulu min bɛ pad kan, o bɛ kɛnɛba kɔnɔ, a bɛ mankan bɔ, ka tulu minɛnw bɔ, walima ka pɛrɛn: senna-taama seko ni dɔnko ani 7200 V primaire arc clearance¶

Mankanba dɔ mɛnni, min tɛ kɛ cogo la 120-hertz nɛgɛ sɔgɔli walima marifa-cikan min bɛ i n’a fɔ marifakisɛ ka bɔ nɛgɛso kɛnɛman jɛman na (pad-mounted distribution transformer) ka sigi i ka ɲɛfɛla la, ka kuran fɛnɲɛnamafagalan jenilen kasa mɛn walima tulu min bɛ kɛ ni kisɛ ye, walima ka bin bilenman jenilenw ye ani tulu dibiman bɛ bɔ kabini da la, o ye kɔrɔtɔko ye min bɛ se ka mɔgɔ ka ɲɛnamaya bila farati la, min bɛ se ka kɛ ni tensionba ye. Sigida marabolo minnu kɔnɔ, sanfɛla la, kuran baarakɛminɛnw bɛ dugukolo jukɔrɔ balolan fɔlɔw bila sira kan minnu bɛ ** ta .7,200 volts ka 19,920 volts (7.2 kV ka 19.9 kV fasa-ka-dugukolo, walima fo ka se 34,500 volts phase-to-phase)** ka ɲɛsin o nɛgɛ kabini jɛmanw duguma ma walasa ka senna-tɛgɛrɛ wuli ka jigin ka se 120/240-volt du kɔnɔ fanga. Hali ni kɛnɛma nɛgɛbere jɛman bɛ i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ kɛsu nɔgɔman, kɔfɛ tilancɛ ye nɛgɛdaga degunlen ye min falen bɛ 150 to 500 liters (40 to 130 gallons) min bɛ se ka jeni diélectrique mineral oil, ani ɲɛfɛla yɔrɔ la, doni tigɛ fɔlɔ kɔkiliw bɛ yen minnu tɛ lakana ni tensionba ye ani kɔnɔna bayonet expulsion fuse.

Ni kɔnɔna sɔgɔlilan ma ɲɛ, jiri juw walima dugukolo sigili bɛ dugujukɔrɔ bugun dɔ kari, walima dugukolo nɛgɛ min tɛ kelen ye, o bɛ sɔgɔ ka taa, a 7,200-volt kɔnɔna arc bɛ lamini tulu minɛriw labɔ ka kɛ hidrɔzɛni bulonba ye min bɛ se ka bɔn (H2), asetilɛni (C2H2), mɛtan (CH4), ani etilɛni gazi milisekɔndi kɔnɔ. Ni bayonɛti kɔnɔna fiyɛli walima degun-da-minɛn tɛ se ka degun bɔ joona, nɛgɛdaga bɛ kari walima k’a da sirilenw fiyɛ fiyentɔya la 19,000-degree-Celsius (35,000-degree-Fahrenheit) arc-flash fireball ka sɔrɔ ka fanga di lamini dugukolo ni nɛgɛ kabini bɔgɔ la ni tension fagalen ye. Ni transformateur min sigilen bɛ pad kan, o bɛ sisi, ka arc, ka wuli, ka tulu bɔ, walima ni a sigilen bɛ ni a da wulilen ye, aw bɛ aw ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele (911 Ameriki ni Kanada jamanaw na, . 112 Erɔpu tɔnba kɔnɔ, . 999 Angletɛri jamana na; aw ye a lajɛ kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw) ani aw ka kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ ka kɔrɔtɔko ciyɔrɔ la tile 24/7 o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ. Walasa ka kuran ni nafamafɛnw gɛlɛya minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la, aw ye sɛbɛn ɲɛ pad-mounted green transformer box explosion, tulu tasuma, ani kabini da wulilen farati, . tension stray kan nɛgɛ nbɛdaw la, sirada la manhole datugulanw, ani wulu taama shocks, ani telefɔni fibre walima coax kabɔri jiginen vs. energised secondary power drop across driveway identification.

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Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw ka teliya ka bɔli lamini dɔ sigi sen kan min ka dɔgɔn 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet) ka transformateur kɛsu jɛman lamini, ka bonya ka taa 30 meters (100 feet) ni a bɛ sisi, ni a bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, walima ni a bɛ ka wuli. Aw kana taama abada ka taa transformateur kɛsu la min bɛ mankan bɔ, sisi bɛ bɔ, walima tulu bɛ bɔ min na walasa k’a lajɛ, aw kana maga nɛgɛdaga la abada, ani aw kana a to denmisɛnw walima sokɔnɔbaganw ka kɛ bɛton da la abada. Ni aw jɔlen bɛ a kɔnɔ kaban 10 meters (35 feet) transformateur min bɛ daminɛ ka arcing, roaring, walima flashing, aw kana boli ni sen janw ye: aw bɛ shuffle walima hop kɔsegin ka sen fila bɛɛ to ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ walasa a 7,200-volt dugukolo-fault voltage gradient (step potential) tɛ se ka woyo sen kelen sanfɛ ka jigin sen tɔ kelen na.
2. Aw bɛ wuluw bila sirilan surunw na ka yɔrɔ jan kosɛbɛ kabini na, aw kana a to wulu ka koli kɛ abada transformateur kɛsu wuluwulu nɔgɔlen dɔ kan walima ka a fiyɛ. Wuluw sen naani bɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ye minnu tɛ se ka maga bin ɲiginnen na ani nugu ɲiginnen min bɛ maga nɛgɛ nkɔni na. Ni wulu bɛ koli kɛ transformateur dɔ duguma dakun nɔgɔlen na, n’a kɔnɔna dugukolo sirilan walima a kɔkili fɔlɔ tiɲɛna, walima a bɛ koli kɛ dugukolo kan fanga bɛ min na, 120 to 7,200 volts bɛ taama sugunɛ fɛ walima ka wulu ta tɛmɛ 0.6-meter (2-foot) ɲɛfɛla ni kɔ senkɔniw span, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka kɔnɔbara basigilen bila o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.
3. Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni binoculars ye walima aw ka smartfon kamera zoom ka bɔ 15+ meters (50+ feet) yɔrɔ jan walasa ka Utility Stencil Number kalan min bɛ nimɔrɔ 6 fo 10 ye min bɛ kɛsu ɲɛfɛ. Transformateur green pad-mounted bɛɛ bɛ ni identification numéro jɛman, fin walima nɛrɛma ye min bɛ stencil (ka fara barcode tag kan ani a kVA stika i n’a fɔ 25, . 50, . 75, walima 100) ɲɛfɛla bɔgɔlan walima kɛrɛfɛlan kan. O stencil nimɔrɔ tigitigi kalanni utility dispatcher ma, o bɛ sira di u ka outage management system (OMS) walasa ka dugujukɔrɔla fɔlɔ loopu dɔn, sanfɛla sɛgɛsɛgɛli kabini min ka surun, ani a dilanni san (PCB vs. Non-PCB minerali tulu) sanni layini baarakɛlaw ka se.
4. Aw kana a ɲini abada ka transformateur da min ma datugu walima min dabɔlen don, aw kana ji walima du tasumafagalan fiyɛ abada kɛsu kan. Ni dugukolo labɛncogo sɛgɛn, tiɲɛni, walima kɔnɔna degun dɔ ye nɛgɛdaga jɛman to a da la, aw ka to kɔfɛ a dɔgɔyalenba la 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet). Kabini kɔnɔ, lastikuw bɛ kɛ ni kɔkili fɔlɔw ye minnu bɛ tensionba la (7,200 to 19,920 V) ani nɛgɛso filananw ( ) .120/240 V at 2,000+ amps of available fault current) sigi santimɛtɛrɛ caman ka bɔ da da la. Aw kana baara kɛ ni nakɔbaarakɛminɛn ye abada walima bololabaarakɛminɛn du kɔnɔ ABC tasumafagalan (a jate bɛ kɛ so kɔnɔ minɛnw dɔrɔn de kama jukɔrɔ 1,000 volts).
5. Aw ye aw ka so lajɛ ni "Open Neutral" voltage swings tɛ ani ka aw ka Main Breaker faga ni yeelenw bɛ ka manamana kungo kɔnɔ walima ni u bɛ ka yeelen bɔ ka fiyentɔya kɛ. Ni dugujukɔrɔ transformateur dɔ sumana kojugu walima ni a neutre connection jeni ka bɔ kabini green kɔnɔ, aw ka so fila 120-volt senw bɛ kɛ balanbaliya ye (cikan 180 to 210 volts ka kɛ i ka bɔyɔrɔw tilancɛ ye k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ tilancɛ tɔ jigin ka 40 volts). Ni aw ka so kɔnɔ bɔgɔlan panneau nɛnɛnen don, a jalen don, ani a ma kuma, aw bɛ aw jɔ kɛrɛ fɛ ka Main Service Breaker wuli ka taa OFF walasa ka surge strips ni minɛnw pankurunw bali ka tasuma don. (Ni aw ka so kɔnɔ panɛri yɛrɛ bɛ mankanba bɔ, ka sigarɛti min, walima ka funteni, aw kana maga panɛri la: aw bɛ so bɔ joona.)
6. Aw bɛ na ni denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw ni sokɔnɔbaganw ye so kɔnɔ, ka finɛtiriw bɛɛ datugu, ka HVAC cɛmancɛ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw datugu ni transformateur bɛ sisi bɔ walima ni tulu bɛ bɔ. Ni dielektriki tulu jeni walima ka kɛ lafiɲɛbɔ ye, o bɛ hidrɔkarbon aromatiki policyclique densew bɔ (PAHs), alidehidi akiridiw, gazi monokisidi ani nɔgɔ; in legacy units cross-contaminés ka kɔn 1979 EPA ka dankarili, ka bifenili polikulorilama (PCBs) bɛ toxic dibenzofurans ( ) kulorilenw labɔ (PCDFs) ani diyɔsiniw.

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Desizɔn jiri : pad-mounted green transformer kɔrɔtɔko triage¶

flowchart TD
    A["Abnormalité à la quartier green pad-mounted transformateur box"] --> B{"Aw bɛ taamasiɲɛ jumɛn kɔlɔsi ka bɔ yɔrɔ jan?"}
    B -->|"1. 120-Hz mankanba, arcing, sisi, tasuma, walima da wulilen/popped"| C["Aw bɛ a labɔ joona mɛtɛrɛ 15 fo 30 (sen 50 fo 100) o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ"]
    B -->|"2. Tumu jilama min bɛ don bɛton kan, bin jenilen, walima kasa tolilen/jenilen"| D["Aw bɛ to kɔfɛ mɛtɛrɛ 10 fo 15 (sen 35 fo 50); aw bɛ sokɔnɔbaganw ni denmisɛnw mara u kɔnɔ"]
    B -->|"3. Kabini da wulilen, padlock tɛ yen, walima penta-bolt 5-point lajɔ"| E["Aw kana maga da la walima ka a datugu; garadi lamini ka bɔ mɛtɛrɛ 10+ la"]
    C --> F{"Yala i bɛ dugukolo filiyɔrɔ kɔnɔ kaban min janya ye mɛtɛrɛ 10 ye wa?"}
    F -->|"Ɔwɔ"| G["Aw bɛ wuli walima ka wuli ka segin kɔfɛ ni aw sen fila bɛɛ ye ɲɔgɔn fɛ walasa ka aw yɛrɛ tanga Step Potential ma"]
    F -->|"Ayi"| H["Aw bɛ 911 tasuma-ci-yɔrɔ ANI Kuran-sɛnɛyɔrɔ Kɔrɔtɔko Layini wele"]
    G --> H
    D --> H
    E --> H
    H --> I["Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni binoculars walima telefɔni zoom ye ka bɔ mɛtɛrɛ 15+ la walasa ka Stencil Number kalan min bɛ bɔ nimɔrɔ 6 la ka se 10 ma"]
    I --> J{"Yala so yeelenw bɛ ka manamana kungo kɔnɔ, u bɛ yeelen bɔ ka tɛmɛn fɔlɔ kan, walima u kasa bɛ i n’a fɔ plastiki jenilen wa?"}
    J -->|"Ɔwɔ: Da wuli Neutral walima primaire-to-secondaire fault"| K["Ni so kɔnɔ bɔgɔlan kɛsu bɛ lafiya/nɛnɛ, aw bɛ Main Breaker OFF kɛ; ni panneau buzz, aw bɛ so bɔ"]
    J -->|"Ayi"| L["Aw bɛ finɛtiriw datugu, ka HVAC minɛyɔrɔ datugu, ka Utility Hot-Stick Lineman makɔnɔ"]
    K --> L
    L --> M["Demand Utility HazMat baarakɛla bɛ tulu bɔnlenw bɛɛ saniya ani ka dugukolo sɛgɛsɛgɛ PCBw kama"]

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Transformateur green pad-mounted anatomie: min bɛ kabini kɔnɔ¶

Fɛn min sigilen bɛ fasa kelen sigiyɔrɔ la, n’a bɛ kɛ ni transformateur ye, n’a bɛ nɛgɛdaga kɔfɛ, n’i y’o faamu, o b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na utilité linemenw bɛ fini don 40 cal/cm2 arc-flash suits ani baara kɛ ni ** ye .2.4-meter (8-foot) fibreglasi "shotgun" hot-stick** dɔrɔn ka da wuli :

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|        SINGLE-PHASE RESIDENTIAL PAD-MOUNTED TRANSFORMER (TOP/FRONT VIEW)    |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                             |
|   +---------------------------------------------------------------------+   |
|   |                   REAR SEALED STEEL OIL TANK                        |   |
|   |  - Contains 150 to 500 L (40 to 130 gal) Dielectric Mineral Oil     |   |
|   |  - Houses High-Voltage Core & Copper/Aluminum Windings              |   |
|   |  - Internal Oil Temp under Peak Load: 65 C to 105 C (150 to 220 F)  |   |
|   |  - Dissolved Combustible Gases during Fault: H2, C2H2 (Acetylene)   |   |
|   +---------------------------------------------------------------------+   |
|   |              STEEL TANK WALL / BUSHING PARTITION PLATE              |   |
|   +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+   |
|   |  LEFT SIDE: HIGH-VOLTAGE (HV)    |  RIGHT SIDE: LOW-VOLTAGE (LV)    |   |
|   |  PRIMARY COMPARTMENT             |  SECONDARY COMPARTMENT           |   |
|   |  * Voltage: 7,200 V to 19,920 V  |  * Voltage: 120 / 240 Volts      |   |
|   |  * H1A & H1B Load-Break Elbows   |  * X1, X2, X3 Threaded Studs     |   |
|   |    (Loop-Feed In & Out to next   |    feeding 4 to 12 houses        |   |
|   |    transformers down the street) |  * Uninsulated bare metal spades |   |
|   |  * Bayonet Oil-Expulsion Fuse    |    with 2,000+ Amps fault current|   |
|   |  * Pressure Relief Valve (PRV)   |  * Concentric Neutral Ground Bar |   |
|   +----------------------------------+----------------------------------+   |
|              ^                       |                       ^              |
|     [Hinged Steel Hood]    [5-Point Penta-Head Bolt    [Utility Padlock]    |
|                             + Recessed Security Latch]                      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Mun na transformateur minnu bɛ pad-mounted kan, olu bɛ siri "Open-Loop Primary" kɔnɔ (H1A ani H1B) .¶

A tɛ i n’a fɔ sanfɛla jirisunba transformateur min bɛ nɛgɛ kelen gosi sanfɛ, a bɛ se ka fɔ ko sigiyɔrɔ bɛɛ lajɛlen transformateur green pad-mounted ye dugukolo jukɔrɔ loop-feed circuit dɔ ye: - A. A 7,200-volt (walima 13,800 V / . 19,920 V) dugujukɔrɔ kabali fɔlɔ bɛ don kɛsu duguma kinin fɛ ka bɔ sanfɛ sigiɲɔgɔn ka transformateur (Bushing H1A), a bɛ fanga di i ka transformateur ma, ka bɔ ni kɔkili filanan ye min ka bon kosɛbɛ (Bushing H1B) ka transformateur 5 fo 20 nataw balo nbɛda la. - O kɔrɔ ye min ye kɔrɔtɔko waati la: Hali ni i ka transformateur kɔnɔna Bayonet Expulsion Fuse fiyɛra ka kuran gosi i ka so n’i sigiɲɔgɔnw ma, the 7,200-to-19,920-volt kabali fɔlɔw (H1A ani H1B) kɔnɔ i ka kɛsu jɛman duguma bɛ to 100% LIVE ani fanga la fo utilité gɛlɛyatigi dɔ ka sanfɛla switching kabini walima riser pole sɔrɔ nbɛda damadɔw la ka fuse fɔlɔw sama. Aw kana a miiri abada ko transformateur kɛsu jɛman "sa" dɔrɔn bawo aw ka siraba kan sow bɛɛ kuran bɔra u la.

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Sɛgɛsɛgɛli tabali : mankan, kasa walima taamasiɲɛ yelen kelen-kelen bɛɛ kɔrɔ ye min ye¶

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Senna-tɛgɛrɛ seko ni magali seko : mun na bin min bɛ kɛsu jɛman fililen lamini na, o bɛ se k’i faga¶

Ni a bɛ kɛ ni tensionba ye (7,200 V ka 19,920 V) filiw bɛ kɛ nɛgɛ transformateur kɛsu la walima ka don duguma, ani dugujukɔrɔla kuran concentrique neutre return wire bɛ sɔgɔ walima ka kari, dugukolo min bɛ bɛton pad lamini o bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ kuran rezistor belebeleba. Voltage bɛ bɔ kɛnɛma dugukolo fɛ ringw kɔnɔ minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn cɛ, ka jigin ka bɔ volt ba caman na bɛton pad la ka se zeru volts ma 10 to 15 meters (35 to 50 feet): .

                    [ FAULTING GREEN TRANSFORMER BOX ]
                         (Cabinet & Pad at 7,200 V)
                                     |
          +--------------------------+--------------------------+
          |      Ring 1 (0.5 m / 2 ft):  ~5,500 Volts           |
          |   +---------------------------------------------+   |
          |   |    Ring 2 (1.5 m / 5 ft):  ~3,200 Volts     |   |
          |   |  +---------------------------------------+  |   |
          |   |  |   Ring 3 (3.0 m / 10 ft): ~1,400 Volts|  |   |
          |   |  |  +---------------------------------+  |  |   |
          |   |  |  |  Ring 4 (10 m / 35 ft): ~0 Volts|  |  |   |

1. Mun na taamacogo nɔgɔman bɛ mɔgɔ faga (Step Potential):
2. Ni aw bɛ taama ka taa walima ka bɔ transformateur arcing walima ground-faulted yɔrɔ la ka normal ta 0.8-meter (2.5-foot) senna, i kɔ sen bɛ se ka jɔ dugukolo kan at 1,400 volts k’a sɔrɔ i ɲɛfɛ sen bɛ senna dugukolo kan at 3,200 volts. Ko 1,800-volt danfara (Step Potential) bɛ kuran fagalen boli ka ɲɛsin sen kelen ma, ka tɛmɛ i farikolo la, ka jigin sen tɔ kelen na.
3. Mun na wulu sen naani bɛ sa o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ni u ka wulicogo dɔgɔyara kosɛbɛ: Usi dɔ bɛ taama bin ɲiginnen kan transformateur (transformateur) dɔ kɛrɛfɛ min bɛ ka tiɲɛ 0.5 to 0.9 meters (1.5 to 3 feet) a ɲɛfɛla senw ni a kɔfɛsenw cɛ, a senkɔniw ɲiginnenw bɛ yen minnu tɛ se ka wuli kosɛbɛ, wa a dusukun bɛ a ɲɛsin kurunbokari sira ma min bɛ ɲɛfɛ senw ni kɔfɛsenw cɛ.
4. Boli Zone la cogo min na lafiya la (The Shuffle / Two-Foot Hop):
5. Ni aw ye sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye aw senw walima aw senw na nafamafɛnw kɛsu jɛman kɛrɛfɛ, walima ni transformateur bɛ daminɛ ka wuli, ka mankanba bɔ, walima ka sisi bɔ aw kɛrɛfɛ, aw bɛ nɛnɛ, ka sen fila bɛɛ digidigi ɲɔgɔn na kosɛbɛ kɛrɛfɛ, ka segin kɔ walasa sen kelen senkɔni kana tɛmɛ tɔ kelen senkɔni fɛ abada (aw ka sen fila bɛɛ maga ɲɔgɔn na waati bɛɛ), walima aw bɛ pan ka segin kɔfɛ ni sen fila bɛɛ jiginna waati kelen na fo ka se a dɔgɔyalenba ma 15 meters (50 feet) ka yɔrɔ jan. Aw kana maga transformateur kabini walima nɛgɛ kogo la min bɛ aw kɛrɛfɛ abada k’a sɔrɔ aw bɛ fɛnw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka taa (Touch Potential).

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Stencil Number tigitigi ni Cabinet Type fɔcogo Utility Dispatcher ma¶

Ni aw bɛ aw ka kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ ka kɔrɔtɔko sira wele tile 24/7, aw bɛ taamasiyɛn minnu bɛ kabini kɛnɛma, olu kalan ka bɔ 15+ meters (50+ feet) ka yɔrɔ jan ni binoculars walima i ka telefɔni zoom lens ye :

1. Stencil / Pad Number min bɛ ni 6 ka se 10 ma: Aw bɛ nimɔrɔ/sɛbɛnni stensili jɛman, nɛrɛma walima finman ɲini ɲɛfɛ ɲɛfɛla sanfɛla la (i n’a fɔ T-482910, . PAD 8492-A, walima G-19402-3), minnu bɛ kariti kɛ ka ɲɛsin utilité ka SIG grid coordinates ma.
2. E kVA Seko ni dɔnko Sticker: A ka c’a la, a bɛ kɛ nimɔrɔ kɛnɛ ye jɛman ni nɛrɛma walima fin ni nɛrɛma (25, . 37.5, . 50, . 75, . 100, walima 167) min bɛ kilovolti-ampɛrɛ hakɛ jira .
3. Sticker "NON-PCB" Bleu/Green (walima A dɛsɛ):
4. Transformateur minnu dilannen don o kɔfɛ 1980 a ka c’a la, kɛnɛ fitinin dɔ jira bulu, wuluwulu, walima finman "NON-PCB" decal ɲɛfɛ walima kɛrɛ fɛ.
5. Ni transformateur kɔrɔlen, dibi-bilen walima nɔgɔlen dɔ bɛ ni no NON-PCB decal (walima a sigilen bɛ yɔrɔ fitinin dɔ la min bɛ kɔn san 1980 ɲɛ), i k’a fɔ tasuma-fanga-kulu ni baarakɛminɛnw cibaga ye ko: *"Kabinet tɛ ni Non-PCB stika yelen ye, wa a bɛ tulu bɔ; aw ka tulu bɔnna in minɛ i n’a fɔ ji min bɛ se ka kɛ PCB nɔgɔlen ye.
6. Utility Security Lock min bɛ kɛ ni fɛn fila ye, o bɛ baara kɛ cogo min na (Penta-Bolt + Padlock):
7. Jukɔrɔ IEEE C57.12.28 / . NEMA enclosure standards, transformateur da min bɛ sigi pad green kan, o tɛ se ka siri ni padlock dɔrɔn ye. Padlock hasp jukɔrɔ, 5-sided (pentagonal) bololanɛgɛ min bɛ lakana kosɛbɛ ( .Penta-Bolt) min b’a ɲini utilité penta-socket wrench fɛ a ka wuli sani padlock shackle ka se ka don. Ni padlock sirilen bɛ hasp da wulilen dɔ kan walima ni yɔrɔ dɔ bɔra hood duguma da la, kɔnɔna penta-bolt tun ma sigi, aw bɛ Unsecured Dead-Front Cabinet fɔ joona.

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Dielectric Mineral Oil vs. Legacy PCB Spills: Sotigi saniya sariyaw (40 CFR Part 761) .¶

Ni transformateur min bɛ pad kan, o bɛ bɔn walima ni a karilen don, . 50 to 400 liters (13 to 105 gallons) ni tulu jɛlen, amber walima nɛrɛmuguma insulatɛri bɛ se ka don aw ɲɛfɛ binkɛnɛ na, ka aw ka bolifɛnw dondaw ni bolifɛnw datugu, walima ka aw ko ka taa sanjiba jibɔyɔrɔ fan fɛ.

• Aw kana maga abada, ka a ko, walima ka a bɔgɔdaga transformateur tulu la aw yɛrɛ la: Ni aw ye nakɔ sosɛti walima degunkolan fiyɛ transformateur tulu bɔnna kan, o bɛ tulu kɛ emulsize ye ani ka petoroli hidrɔkarbonw (ani ciyɛn fɛn o fɛn Polychlorinated Biphenyls / PCBs, . CAS 1336-36-3) ka dun binkɛnɛ dugukolo kɔnɔ, sanjiba nɔgɔbɔlanw, ani dugujukɔrɔjiw.
• Kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ bɛ 100% ta sariya ni wariko kunkanko la saniyako la: Fɛderasiyɔn ka sigida sariyaw kɔnɔ (US EPA 40 CFR Part 761 Subpart G PCB ka jibɔ saniya politiki, Ji saniyalen sariya 40 CFR Part 112 SPCC tulu bɔli sariyaw, ani jamana/mara/UK sariyaw), kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ ye transformateur min sigilen bɛ pad kan, o tigi ye, wa a bɛ baara kɛ kosɛbɛ ni fɛn faratilenw bɛɛ tacogo ye, ka dugukolo sɛgɛsɛgɛ, ka bɛton pad ci, ka bolifɛnw dondaw/mobili nɔgɔli, ani ka bɔgɔdaga lasegin at $0 musaka ka ɲɛsin dutigi ma.
• U ka kan ka min ɲini utilité ka sigida laminiko ɲɛnabɔbaga fɛ sanni u ka baarakɛlaw ka taa:
• A ɲini utility ka sigida hazmat baarakɛla fɛ a ka dugukolo ni sod bɛɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛ min nɔgɔlen don ni tulu ye** ka jigin ka se dugukolo saniyalen ma (15 to 30 centimeters / . 6 to 12 inches nɔgɔ yelen kɔfɛ) ani k’a sama ka taa DOT hazmat dunun datugulenw kɔnɔ;
• Aw bɛ laboratuwari ka sɛgɛsɛgɛlisɛbɛn sɛbɛn (walima izini tɔgɔ sɛbɛn sɛgɛsɛgɛlen) ɲini min b’a jira ni ji bɔnna in kɔnɔ < 1 ppm PCBs (Tumu min tɛ PCB ye walima ɛsitɛri jilama nafama), . 50 to 499 ppm PCBs (PCB-Contaminated), walima >= 500 ppm PCBs (min b’a ɲini EPA ka dugukolo ko/core verification sampling jukɔrɔ 40 CFR § 761.125); ani
• Ni tulu sisi fiyɛra aw ka mobili walima so da la, aw bɛ teliya ka Utility Property Damage & Environmental Decontamination Claim sɛbɛn sani aw ka mobili ko.

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Sigidaw ka kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ani nafamafɛnw faratiw sariyaw¶

• Amerika ni Kanada:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 911 o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la, ni transformateur kɛsu wuluwulu ye sisi, jeni, arcing, walima explosion, walima ni kabini da dabɔlen don ka kɔnɔna yɔrɔw bɔ kɛnɛ kan.
• Electric Utility 24/7 Outage & Hazard Line: Aw bɛ kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele aw ka kuran warisɛbɛn kan o kɔfɛ dɔrɔn 911 ani ka Stensili nimɔrɔ di ciden ma.
• Dugukolo jukɔrɔ Locate & Tulu bɔli: Dial 811 jamana fan bɛɛ la Ameriki (call811.com) walima ClickBeforeYouDig.com Kanada jamana na ka sɔrɔ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ. Transformateur tulu bɔli saniyabaliw fɔ Jamana ka jaabi yɔrɔ la (NRC) la 1-800-424-8802 ani i ka Jamana DEP/ .EPA.
• Royaume-Uni:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan & Fasokanw ka fanga tigɛcogo / Farati nimɔrɔ: Dial 999 ni sirada la kuran kabini jɛman dɔ (link box, feeder pillar, walima package substation) bɛ tasuma na walima ni a bɛ ka pɛrɛn, ani ka ** wele105** (Angletɛri jamana ka hɔrɔnya Kuran DNO Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ Angletɛri, Ɛsipeɲi ani Gales jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ, walima 03457 643 643 ka ɲɛsin NIE Networks Irlandi woroduguyanfan fɛ) ka kunnafoni di kabini mankan, min bɛ ji bɔ, walima min dabɔlen don ** jukɔrɔ .HSE ESQCR 2002 sàn**.
• Erɔpu jamanaw ka tɔnba:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 112 UE jamanaw bɛɛ kɔnɔ ka sirada la transformateur kiosk jeni, mankan, walima da wulilen dɔ fɔ (poste de transformation HTA/BT Faransi, Kompakttrafostation Alimanjamana na, centro de transformación Ɛsipaɲi) ani ka sigida ** ladɔnniyaDSO (Enedis / . e-distribuzione). To a dɔgɔyalenba la ** .15 meters (50 feet) kɔ.
• Ɔsitarali ni Zelande kura:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 000 Ɔsitarali jamana na walima 111 Nuwɛlika jamana na tasuma walima binkanni min bɛ senna Padmount Substation / Pillar Box jɛman dɔ la, ani ka i ka kuran feerela wele (Ausgrid 13 13 88, . Endeavour Energy 131 003, . Energex 13 19 62, . Western Power 13 13 51, walima Vector NZ jamana na).
• Azi (Singapore, Japon, Hong Kong, ani Ɛndujamana):
• Singapore: A wele 995 (SCDF) ani SP kulu ka kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ min bɛ baara kɛ sanga 24 kɔnɔ, o ye 1800-778-8888 ni filiw bɛ dugukolo sanfɛ jatebɔ kɛsu la (OGBs).
• Japon, Hong Kong, & India: Japon kɔnɔ, i ka ** wele119** ani ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ TEPCO/ .KEPCO. Hong Kong dugu kɔnɔ, i ka ** wele.999** ani ka ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ** .CLP Power (2728 8333)** walima ** .HK Electric (2555 4999). Endi la, i ka ** wele.112 ani aw ka sigida la DISCOM dɛmɛnsira (1912).

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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Mun na transformateur kɛsu jɛman min bɛ n ka foro kɔnɔ, o bɛ barika sɔrɔ ka mankanba bɔ kosɛbɛ samiyɛ funteni waati la walima 18h waati?¶

Transformateur normal pad-mounted bɛ dɔ bɔ min bɛ lafiya, min bɛ jɔ 120-hertz ye hum min bɛ sɔrɔ a nɛgɛbere magnetostriction fɛ. Nka, a ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ 16h ani 21h samiyɛ funteni waati, walima ni sigiɲɔgɔn caman bɛ fiɲɛ bila waati kelen na Nivo 2 (amper 40 ka se 80 ma) . Kuran Mobili (EV) chargeurs ani run central air conditioners, kelen 50 kVA ye sigida transformateur bɛ se ka gɛlɛya ka taa 140 fo 180 kɛmɛsarada la a ka seko hakɛ jateminɛlen na. Ni a doni ka ca kojugu, kɔnɔna tulu minɛni funteni bɛ wuli ka tɛmɛ 100 degere Celsius (A ye degere 212 ye), core laminations bɛ yɛrɛyɛrɛ kosɛbɛ, ani kɔnɔna jɛgɛnw bɛ daminɛ ka kɛ arc walima sizzle ye. Ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ jiginna ka kɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔkanba ye, ka kɛ baganw ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye, walima ka kɛ nɛgɛkan fɔcogo ye, aw bɛ to mɛtɛrɛ 15 ye (50 ye mɛtɛrɛ 50 ye) kɔsegin ka i ka kuran feerela wele joona walasa u ka se ka minɛn in sɛgɛsɛgɛ sani a ka kari.

N ka wulu kabakoyara walima a ye kulekan bɔ ka pan ka segin kɔfɛ k’a to taama na bin kan utilité kɛsu jɛman dɔ kɛrɛfɛ. Mun kɛra?¶

Aw ka wulu ye ko kɛlenw sɔrɔ contact voltage (voltage stray) walima dugukolo-fault step potentiel. Ni dugujukɔrɔ kabali insulasi nick walima concentrique neutral wire corroded ye kuran bɔ dugukolo ɲiginnen kɔnɔ, voltage gradient bɛ kɛ dugukolo kan ka bɛton pad lamini. Sabula wulu bɛ taama sennasanbara naani kan minnu ɲiginnen don, minnu jɛlen don mɛtɛrɛ 0,5 fo 0,9 ye (1,5 fo 3 ye sen ye) ani a ka fibrillation threshold ka dɔgɔn, hali 15 ka se 50 ma bin tigɛlen bɛ dimi walima fagali sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ lase a ɲɛfɛla ni a kɔfɛsenw cɛ. Aw bɛ aw ka wulu sama ka segin asfalt jalen kan o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ, aw bɛ to a la a dɔgɔyalenba la A bɛ Taa mɛtɛrɛ 10 fo 15 la (35 fo 50 ye) ka yɔrɔ jan kɛsu la, ka wele 911. Bamako ani aw ka kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ ka kunnafoni di an active energized-ground hazard min ye bagan dɔ kabakoya dɔrɔn.

Yala ne bɛ se ka n ka ɲɛfɛla lamini na transformateur kɛsu jɛman jugu penta walasa a ka bɛn n ka so ma walima ka kabakurun dogolen nkalonma datugu a kan wa?¶

Ayi, aw kana transformateur min sigilen don pad kan, aw kana o penta abada walima ka fibreglasi faux-rock datugulan da a kan. Fɔlɔ, izini Munsell-green enamel dilannen don walasa ka kɔnɔna funteni bɔ ka bɔ... 100-degɛrɛ-Cɛsi tulubɔlan; ka kabini penti ni latex so penti bɛ tanki insula, ka critique datugu Stencil Number nimɔrɔ 6 ka se 10 ma ani lasɔmini sɛbɛnw minnu bɛ ni tension caman ye, ani ka fiɲɛbɔ dawolo ni penta-bolt da tugu. Filanan, ka dugukolo labɛn kabakurun dɔ bila transformateur active kan min falen bɛ tulu la, o bɛ funteni minɛ fo kɔnɔna windingɛw ka tɔɔrɔ ka boli funteni fɛ ani ka pɛrɛn. Ni penti min bɛ aw ka sigida kɛsu kan, o bɛ ka bɔ walima ka nɔgɔ, aw bɛ kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ wele: kuran baarakɛyɔrɔw bɛ ladonni baarakɛlaw ci ka taa tulu bɔlenw sɛgɛsɛgɛ ani ka kabini penti kokura ni finimugu ye min sɔnna a ma fu.

N ka so yeelenw bɛ ka fiyen ani ka wuli kosɛbɛ k’a sɔrɔ kɛnɛma kɛsu jɛman bɛ ka mankan bɔ. Mun na ne ka so tilancɛ bɛ ni yeelenw ye minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ?¶

Aw bɛ ka ko dɔ sɔrɔ "Sigida da wulilen Neutre". transformateur min sigilen bɛ pad kan, o ka yɔrɔ filanan kɔnɔ (walima aw ka dugujukɔrɔ baarakɛyɔrɔ la). Sigida fanga min bɛ Ameriki Woroduguyanfan na, o bɛ don i ka so kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ fila 120-volt (volt) ye senw funteniman (240 volts (volt) ye total) ka tila ni grounded center neutre wire ye. Ni o neutre lug jeni ka lajɔ transformateur kɛsu wuluwulu kɔnɔ, o fila 120-volt (volt) ye aw ka so tilancɛw bɛ tension tila cogo bɛnbali la ka da minɛnw kan minnu bɛ boli, ka ci fo ka se 180 ka se 210 ma ka don aw ka feerekɛyɔrɔw tilancɛ kelen na (ka anpuluw wuli ka yeelen bɔ fiyentɔya la ani ka foro pankurunw, frigow, ani jikuruw tobi) ka sɔrɔ ka tilayɔrɔ tɔ kelen fili 30 ka se 60 ma. Ni aw ka so kɔnɔ breaker panneau bɛ lafiya ani ka nɛnɛ, aw bɛ aw ka Main Breaker OFF o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ ani ka utilité wele walasa ka kunnafoni di an kɔrɔtɔko da wulilen neutre.

Dessin animé triangle sticker ("Mr. Ouch") min bɛ transformateur kɛsu jɛman ɲɛfɛ, o kɔrɔ ye mun ye?¶

Lakɔlɔsili sɛbɛn jɛman ni bilenman min bɛ kɛ kɛrɛ saba la, n’o bɛ sanpɛrɛn-yɔrɔ dɔ jira min bɛ denmisɛnnin bolo kabakoya, o ye... Jamana ka kuran dilanko tɔnba (NEMA ye) "Mr. Ouch" Label min bɛ faratiba la, min sigira sen kan san 1980 waatiw la denmisɛnw ka lakana sɛgɛsɛgɛliw kɔfɛ, minnu y’a jira ko denmisɛnnin fitinin minnu tɛ se ka kalan kɛ "FARASI - VOLTAGE HAUT - AW KA AW KA AW KA KAN". ka dessin animé ɲɛda degunnen dɔn ani k’i yɛrɛ tanga o ma. Tuma o tuma n'i ye "Mr. Ouch" decal ye nɛgɛ kɛsu jɛman dɔ kan kɛnɛba walima nakɔsɛnɛyɔrɔ dɔ la, o b'a Jira ko dakun in kɔnɔ tension caman tilali minɛn minnu bɛ mɔgɔ faga (7.200 ka se 34.500 ma) . sanni ka telefɔni min ka tension dɔgɔman walima telewisɔn kabɛl ka filiw kɛ.

Jamana ɲɛnabɔbaga dɔ ye pickup walima riding mower dɔ kɔdon ka don transformateur kɛsu jɛman kɔnɔ, k’a gosi dɔɔnin ka bɔ a ka béton pad la, nka kuran bɛ yen hali bi. Yala farati tɛ a la wa?¶

Ayi, aw bɛ transformateur (transformateur) min bɛ pad-mount (dadon) kan, o min jiginna walima min sɔgɔlen don, aw bɛ o minɛ i n’a fɔ kɔrɔtɔko min bɛ se ka mɔgɔ ka ɲɛnamaya bila farati la teliya la hali ni sigida kuran bɛ kɛnɛ kan hali bi. Ni mobili ye transformateur kabini jɛman dɔ wuli hali santimɛtɛrɛ 5 fo 10 (2 fo 4 ye santimɛtɛrɛ 2 ye) a ka bɔgɔdaga kan, dugukolo jukɔrɔla gɛlɛn 7 200-volt (volt) ye kabali fɔlɔ minnu bɛ na san fɛ bɛton finɛtiri fɛ, olu bɛ sama kosɛbɛ nɛgɛ kabini walima bɛton da sɔgɔlen da nɔgɔlen na, ka lastikuw kɔkili insulasi kari walima ka nɛgɛbere gansan min sirilen bɛ kɛsu la, o tigɛ. Miniti walima lɛrɛ damadɔ kɔnɔ, a... `7,200-volt` kabali bɛ se ka don nɛgɛ kabini kɔnɔna na, ka fanga di kɛsu bɛɛ ma ani dugukolo min bɛ a lamini na. Aw bɛ bɔ yen `15 meters` (`50 feet`) ka bɔ yen ka wele `911` ani kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ la o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.

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Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Transformateur kɛsu jɛman min bɛ pad-mounted kan, o ka bɔn, tulu tasuma, ani kabini da wulilen farati
• Voltage stray nɛgɛ sira lanpanw kan, sirada la manhole datugulanw, ani wulu taama shocks
• Telefɔni fibre walima coax kabɔri jiginen ni fanga filanan jiginni fanga la bolifɛnw dondaw dɔnni kan
• Brownouts rolling, voltage sag, ani minɛnw komɛsi jeninida lakanani
• Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ka kɛɲɛ ni jamana ye

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Sosow ani ɲɛmɔgɔyaso ka bilasiralikan¶

• Kuran ni ɛntɛrinɛti kalanso (IEEE) & Jamana ka kuran lakanani sariya (NESC): IEEE Std C57.12.28 (Pad-Mounted Equipment - Enclosure Integrity), IEEE Std C57.12.25 / C57.12.34 (Standard for Pad-Mounted, Compartmental-Type, Self-Cooled Distribution Transformers, 2,500 kVA ani Minnu ka dɔgɔn; Voltage ka bon 34,500 GrdY/19,920 Volts ani Jiginni), ani NESC (IEEE C2) Sariyasen 380 / Sariyasen 215 (Pad-Mounted Clearances and Grounding).
• Baarakɛlaw ka lakana ni kɛnɛyako ɲɛnabɔli (OSHA, Ameriki): 29 CFR § 1910.269 (Kuran bɔli, a jiginni, ani a tilatilali): Voltage min ka dɔgɔn ka surunya, yɔrɔ datugulen / Pad-Mounted Hot-Stick Operations, ani Step/Touch Potential Equipotential Protection.
• U.S. sigida lakanani baarada (EPA): ** .40 CFR Part 761 Subpart G (Bifenili polikulori / PCB bɔgɔbɔgɔli saniya sariya, §§ 761.120-761.135)** ani 40 CFR Part 112 (Tulu nɔgɔli kunbɛnni / SPCC ka wajibiw tulu minɛnw kuran minɛnw na).
• Jamana ka kuran dilanko tɔnba (NEMA): NEMA ka sariyasun 260 (Lakanali sɛbɛnw ka ɲɛsin Pad-Mounted Switchgear and Transformers, "Mr. Ouch" Foroba faratiw lasɔmini sira) ani Penta-Head Security Bolt Tamper-Resistance Specifications.
• Kɛnɛya ni Lakanali ɲɛmɔgɔba (HSE, Angletɛri): Kuran lakanani, a jogoɲumanya ani a taabolo sariyaw (ESQCR) san 2002 ani * .HSG47 (Ka i yɛrɛ tanga farati ma min bɛ bɔ dugujukɔrɔ baarakɛlaw ni jatebɔyɔrɔw la)*.