Jiri kɔlɔn ni mugu jugumanw nɛnɛ suw sɔgɔli (SIS) .¶

Snow Immersion Suffocation ( Bamako, Mali) (SIS), a bɛ fɔ fana ko Non-Avalanche Related Snow Immersion Death (NARSID), o bɛ kɛ ni alpine skikɛla, snowboarder, walima backcountry bolila binna a kɔtigɛlen (kunkolo fɔlɔ) jiri kɔlɔn kɔnɔ walima sanji mugu min ma sabati banki juguman dɔ kɔnɔ, ka a da sɔgɔsɔgɔ nɛnɛ lafiyalen kɔnɔ. Jiri kɔlɔn ye yɔrɔ dogolen ye, min bɛ i n’a fɔ funteni, yɔrɔ lakolon ni mugu min ma sɔgɔ fo ka se 2 to 3.5 meters (6.5 to 11.5 feet) ka dun ka lamini jirisunba dɔ jiribolo la min bɛ jɛngɛ duguma, a ka ca a la subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), Pasifiki warijɛ jiri, kulu hemlock, walima Engelmann spruce, minnu duguma bolo belebelebaw bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ parasol, ka nɛnɛ bintɔ bali ka fa walima ka sabati a jiribolo da lamini na. Ni skikɛla walima snowboardkɛla dɔ ye da dɔ minɛ walima ni a ma se ka a yɛrɛ minɛ jiriw la, ka a kunkolo wuli o funteni dogolen kɔnɔ, u ka ski walima snowboard girinmanw bɛ siri sanfɛ bolow la k’a sɔrɔ u kunkolo ni u farikolo bɛ wuli ka wuli ka kɛ mugu ye min tɛ jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛ.

Kɔrɔbɔliw kɔnɔ minnu kɛra Northwest Avalanche Center fɛ (NWAC) ani ski lakanani ɲininikɛlaw minnu bɛ lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw la Ameriki ani Kanada, baarakɛlaw kɛmɛsarada la, 90 minnu bilala jiri kɔlɔn lakika kɔnɔ k’u wuli ka wuli, olu ma se k’u yɛrɛ kisi pewu. A tɛ i n’a fɔ jikuruba min bɛ kɛ kulu dafalen dɔ kan, min bɛ se ka ye yɔrɔjan, mɔgɔ min fagara, o su donna a kunkolo ɲɛfɛ bolow jukɔrɔ minnu bɛ falen tuma bɛɛ 3 meters (10 feet) off a groomed ski run is completely invisible fo n’u ka ski walima snowboard jɛɲɔgɔn tun b’u kɔlɔsi u tununna waati tigitigi min na. Ni i furuɲɔgɔn tununna jiriw la walima ni a binna jiri kɔlɔn kɔnɔ, i ka pɛrɛn ka dɛmɛ ɲini, ka Ski Patrol wele k’a ɲɛsin i yɛrɛ ma (i ka i ka lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ ka Ski Patrol Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ mara i ka telefɔni teliya la) walima ka i ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele (911 Ameriki ani Kanada, 112 Erɔpu tɔnba bɛɛ kɔnɔ, 999 Angletɛri) ka baara kɛ ni an ka kunnafonisɛbɛn ye min tɔgɔ ye ko kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw, ka teliya ka horizontal buddy excavation daminɛ ka taa jatigɛwalekɛla ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ fan fɛ k’a sɔrɔ i ma segin kelen makɔnɔ Ski Patrol ka se. Ni aw b’a fɛ ka nɛnɛ ni kuluw gɛlɛyaw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na, aw ye an ka ɲɛjirabagaw lajɛ jiri kɔlɔnw su ji la ani nɛnɛ jugumanba sɔgɔli, . ski, snowboard ani kasaara minnu bɛ kɛ kuluw kan, ani kungo kɔnɔ funteni dɔgɔyali ani nɛnɛ ɲɛnamaya.

Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw bɛ jiribolo walima a kɔnɔna bolo gɛlɛnw minɛ ni aw bolo fila ye i n’a fɔ aw bɛ jiri kɔlɔn dɔ fili yɔrɔ min na. Ni aw bɛ bin ka taa jirisunba dɔ fan fɛ mugu juguman na, aw kana a ɲini abada ka "so boli ka bɔ" jiribolo lamini na. Aw bɛ aw ka ski berew bila (minnu man kan ka kɛ ni bolokɔniw sirilen ye abada aw bolow la jiriw la), aw bɛ aw sen don kɔnɔna na walasa ka jiribolo gɛlɛnw walima kɔnɔna bolo belebelebaw minɛ ni aw bolo fila ye, ka aw senw siri jirisunba la walasa ka aw ka jigincogo jɔ sani nɛnɛba ka aw kunkolo munumunu.
2. Aw bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, ani sɔgɔsɔgɔli bɛɛ dabila joona ni aw jigira ka jigin. Jiri kɔlɔn bɛ baara kɛ tigitigi i n’a fɔ cɛncɛn jalen walima suman silo: tuma o tuma n’i bɛ i senw gosi walima k’i kamankunw gosi k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ i kunkolo wuli, i bɛ nɛnɛ lafiyalen kilo kɛmɛ caman lamaga ka jigin ka bɔ kogow ni bolow lamini na, ka nɛnɛ pake i kɔkili lamini na kosɛbɛ fo ka se i disi ma tɛ se ka bonya tuguni ni aw bɛ ninakili bɔ.
3. Aw bɛ ninakili fiɲɛbɔlan dɔ da aw da ni aw nu ɲɛfɛ ka nɛnɛ daji bɔ. Sani nɛnɛ min bɛ bin ka don aw ɲɛda lamini na, aw bɛ aw bolo kelen walima aw bolokɔni dɔ kɛ aw da ni aw nugu kan, aw bɛ aw kunkolo lamaga dɔɔni dɔɔni ka bɔ fan dɔ la ka taa fan wɛrɛ fɛ (5 to 8 centimeters [2 to 3 inches]) ka ninakiliyɔrɔ fitini dɔ pake aw ɲɛda ɲɛfɛ , ka aw ka jakite kɔla walima aw kɔ gati sama (Buff) i da kan walasa ka kɛ i n’a fɔ nɛnɛ filɛri.
4. Aw bɛ aw ninakili dɔɔni dɔɔni ani ka a to a man dun, ani ka ski sirilan kelen walima u fila bɛɛ bila dɔrɔn ni aw bɛ se ka se a ma k’a sɔrɔ aw ma gosi. Aw bɛ fiɲɛ sama dɔɔni dɔɔni ani ka aw hakili sigi walasa ka oksizɛni mara aw ka fiɲɛbɔlan kɔnɔ ani ka gazi ɲuman bila kɔfɛ (CO2) bɔgɔdaga. Ni aw bɛ se ka se ski sirili bɔli levier ma ni aw bolo ye walima ka ski senkɔni kɛrɛfɛla gosi ka saniya k’a sɔrɔ aw ma nɛnɛ binkanni daminɛ, aw bɛ aw ka skiw bila; snowboard kan, i ka girin nɔgɔya la walasa ka to ka jɔ jiribolo dɔ la k’a sɔrɔ i bɛ i ka Fox 40 pealess whistle fiyɛ min sirilen bɛ i kɔ la.
5. Ni i ye teri ye sanfɛ: I KAN’a sen don jiri sanfɛla da la abada min bɛ mɔgɔ minɛlen sanfɛ kosɛbɛ. Ni i y’a ye ko i jɛɲɔgɔn ka ski walima snowboard bɛ wuli ka wuli ka bɔ jiri kɔlɔn na, i kana taama abada ka wuli dingɛ sanfɛ walima ka sen don nɛnɛba kan min bɛ a bolow lamini. Ni i ye senna-tɛgɛrɛ kɛ jatigɛwalekɛla sanfɛ, o bɛ nɛnɛba dɔ bin min lafiyalen don, ka jigin u ka ninakilibɔrɛ kɔnɔ, ka u fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ mugumugu.
6. Tunnel HORIZONTALLY inward from the downhill side straight to the victim’s head and airway first. Aw bɛ gɛrɛ jiri la kosɛbɛ ka bɔ jukɔrɔ (jigin) walima ka bɔ kɛrɛ fɛ, aw bɛ dulon jiribolo duguma minnu bɛ bin tuma bɛɛ walasa ka jatigɛwalekɛla kunkolo sɔrɔ a jiribolo kɛrɛfɛ, ka nɛnɛ bɔ u da ni u nu na segin 60 kɔnɔ walasa ka ninakili segin, o kɔfɛ dɔrɔn ski/snowboard sirilanw ani k’u sama ka bɔ ka bɔ bɔgɔdaga tilennen dɔ fɛ.

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Jiri kɔlɔn ani Snow Immersion Suffocation (SIS) ɲɛnamaya ni kisi latigɛjiri¶

Aw bɛ nin fɛɛrɛbɔ in tugu ka kɛɲɛ ni aw ye skikɛla/snowboarder ye min bɛ bin jiri kɔlɔn kɔnɔ walima n’aw ye jɛɲɔgɔn ye min bɛ teriw kisi teliya la.

flowchart TD
    A["Jiri kɔlɔn / Mugu jugumanba su ji la kɔrɔtɔko"] --> B{"I bɛ jɔyɔrɔ jumɛn na sisan?"}

    B -->|1. Victim Falling Into Tree Well or Deep Powder| C["Jatigɛwalekɛlaw yɛrɛ lakanani protocole teliya la"]
    B -->|2. Partner / Witness on the Slope| D["Buddy Rescue Protocol (Miniti 4 fɔlɔw) ."]

    C --> C1["Drop Pole Straps & Grab Jiribolo walima Kɔnɔna bolo belebelebaw minɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ"]
    C1 --> C2{"Yala i ye jiribolo minɛ ka jɔ, walima i binna i kunkolo kɔrɔtalen na wa?"}

    C2 -->|Stopped Upright Against Trunk| C3["Aw bɛ Trunk minɛ ka ɲɛ, ka wele / Whistle Partner, ka Kick Steps walima ka Skis bila ka ɲɛ"]
    C2 -->|Inverted Headfirst in Loose Snow Funnel| C4["AW KA THRASHING & KICKING BƐƐ DƆGƆ teliya la (Aw bɛ Quicksand Packing bali)"]
    C4 --> C5["Tasa Bolo / Bolo ɲɛfɛla Da & Nugu kan + Farakunkolo Nɔgɔya la walasa ka Fiɲɛbɔlan Kɛ"]
    C5 --> C6["Aw bɛ ninakili dɔɔni dɔɔni, ka kɔla fiyɛ, ka Buddy Horizontal Dig makɔnɔ"]

    D --> D1["Aw ye Visual Fix tigitigi mara jiri kan + Shout for Help & Call Ski Patrol"]
    D1 --> D2["Aw kana Ski Patrol makɔnɔ: Aw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛ joona (4-Min Asphyxia Clock) ."]
    D2 --> D3["Gɛrɛ Jiri kɔlɔn na Ka Bɔ JIGISƐN (Jigin): I AW KAN’A SEN Sanfɛla la abada"]
    D3 --> D4["Sonda / Duck Under Branches ka Kunkolo Sɔrɔ & ka Fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ Saniya FƆLƆ"]
    D4 --> D5["Aw bɛ Ski/Snowboard Bindings bɔ + Aw bɛ Trench Horizontal sɛgɛsɛgɛ ka bɔ Trunk kɔnɔ"]
    D5 --> D6{"Yala Jatigɛwalekɛla bɛ ninakili bɔ siɲɛ kelen wa?"}
    D6 -->|Yes| D7["Da jɛlen, ka farigan bali, ka Hypothermie & Pulmonary Edema kɔlɔsi"]
    D6 -->|No: Unresponsive & Apneic| D8["Nɛnɛ pakew jɛya ka bɔ Oropharynx la + Aw bɛ Kisili ninakiliw daminɛ & CPR teliya la"]

--- .

Conifer jiri kɔlɔn dɔ farikololabɔli ani nɛnɛ inversé asphyxiation fizik¶

Skikɛla ni snowboardkɛla ŋana caman minnu bɛ lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw la, minnu bɛ kasɛtiw don ani minnu bɛ ni jikuruw cibagaw ye kɔkan, olu bɛ jiri kɔlɔnw jate dɔgɔya bawo jiri kɔlɔn bɛ i n’a fɔ mugu min tɛ kojugu kɛ, n’a bɛ wuluwulu, jiri jalen dɔ jukɔrɔ, min falen bɛ jiri la tuma bɛɛ. Subalpine conifers ka jiriw dɔnniya faamuyali ani nɛnɛ min ma sabati, o ka jimacogo faamuyali, o b’a ɲɛfɔ mun na jiri kɔlɔn bɛ mɔgɔ faga ten.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       ANATOMY OF A SUBALPINE FIR / SPRUCE TREE WELL & INVERTED FALL     |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                         |
|                     / \                                                 |
|                    / | \    Conifer Crown (Umbrella Effect)             |
|                   /  |  \   Blocks falling snow from compacting         |
|  ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~/~~~|~~~\~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ <-- Deep Snowpack   |
|  Consolidated   /    |    \      [Skis / Board]         (2 to 3m deep)  |
|  Snowpack      /     |     \      Wedged in Boughs                      |
|  Wall         /      |      \        \   /                              |
|              |  LOOSE|POWDER |       [Legs]                             |
|              |  FUNNEL VOID  |         ||                               |
|               \      |      /       [Torso] <-- Snow packs tight around |
|   [RESCUER]    \     |     /          (Head)    chest if victim kicks   |
|   Digs Inward   \    |    /       (Air Pocket)                          |
|   HORIZONTALLY ==\==>|   /        Next to Trunk                         |
|   From Below      `--|--'                                               |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Jiri kɔlɔn bɛ dilan cogo min na ani mun na a bɛ to dogo la¶

Nɛnɛba waatiw la, nɛnɛba minnu bɛ kɛ kɔgɔjida la ani kuluw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ nɛnɛba kɔnɔ (i n’a fɔ Washinton ni Oregon ka Cascade Range, British Columbia kɔgɔjida la ani Columbia kuluw, Kalifɔrni Siyera Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, ani Hokkaido ani Honshu kulu minnu bɛ mugu jugumanba la, Hokkaido ani Honshu Zapɔn), 2 to 5 meters (6.5 to 16 feet) ka nɛnɛ bɛ dalajɛ kungo kɔnɔ : - subalpine fir, white fir, hemlock, ani spruce jiriw bolo minnu bɛ jɛgɛn duguma, olu bɛ janya 1 to 2 meters (3.3 to 6.5 feet) ka bɔ kɛnɛma ka bɔ jirisunba la ani ka jigin ka taa duguma i n’a fɔ fanibugu sanfɛla min bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ koni. - K’a sɔrɔ nɛnɛba min bɛ bolow ka jibɔ-sira kɔkan, o bɛ sigi ka fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka kɛ basigi dɛmɛnan ye, yɔrɔ min bɛ bolow jukɔrɔ k’a ɲɛsin jirisunba lamini ma o bɛ to yɔrɔ lankolon ye min kɔnɔna na (1 to 3 meters deep) min falen bɛ nɛnɛ siflen ultra-light, zero-density sifted wuluw dɔrɔn de la. - Ni fiɲɛ bɛ nɛnɛ min fiyɛ, o bɛ wuli ka taa dugumabolow kɛnɛma, a bɛ kɛ yɔrɔ yelen nkalonma ye (jiriw ka fini) min bɛ dingɛ juguman dogo jirisunba lamini na fo skikɛla walima nɛgɛsotigi ka gɛrɛ jiribolo la kojugu ani u da bɛ kari ka tɛmɛ bolow kɛnɛma rido fɛ ka don funteni na min tɛ duguma.

2. Mun na kɛlɛ bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka "Snow Quicksand" ani ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ teliya la¶

Ni skikɛla walima snowboardkɛla ye a kunkolo wuli ka don o funteni na min ma sabati, saya bɛ kɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ fɛɛrɛ saba fɛ minnu bɛ ɲɔgɔn dafa kɔnɔ miniti 4 fo 15:

1. Aw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan / suman-silo sɔgɔli nɔ (Asphyxie mécanique):
2. Ikomi jiri kɔlɔn in cogoya bɛ i n’a fɔ V-funnel jɛgɛlen min bɛ dɔgɔya ka taa a juw fan fɛ, a tigi bɛ jigin a kunbere (180 degrees inversé) n’u kunkolo ni u kamankunw bɛ kɔni duguma fitinin na ani u ka butikiw tigɛlen ka kɛ a 170-centimeter ski fila walima a 160-centimeter snowboard min sirilen bɛ bolo gɛlɛnw na minnu bɛ sanfɛ.
3. Ni mɔgɔ min sirannen don, n’a y’a ɲini a yɛrɛ la k’u senw gosi, k’u kɔkiliw tigɛli, walima ka wuli-wuli kɛ mugu dugumabali kɔnɔ, fɛn fila bɛ kɛ: u farikolo bɛ jigin ka juguya ka don konnɛgɛ kuncɛ fitinin na, wa u ka bugɔli bɛ nɛnɛ lafiyalen kilo kɛmɛ caman lamaga ka bɔ nɛnɛ kogow lamini na ani bolow la ka jigin u farikolo lamini na.
4. Seginnkanni 15 kɔnɔ, o nɛnɛ lafiyalen bɛ sigi ka u disi ni u kɔnɔbara lamini i n’a fɔ bɛton ɲiginnen. Tuma o tuma ni banabagatɔ bɛ fiɲɛ bɔ ani u disi hakɛ bɛ dɔgɔya 2 centimeters, nɛnɛ koloma girinman bɛ sɛgɛn ka don kɔnɔna na walasa ka yɔrɔ fa , k' u kɔkili datugu walasa u kana se ka fiɲɛ sama ninakili nata la (compressive / positional asphyxia).
5. Fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ tilennen ("Snow Cork"):
6. Ni a tigi bɛ fiɲɛ bila a gosili senfɛ k’a sɔrɔ a ma a da datugu walima k’a ɲɛda wuli ka taa a kɔkanna fan fɛ, nɛnɛ mugu finman bɛ don nugu la, da la ani kɔfɛla la, ka kɛ nɛnɛ ye min bɛ fiɲɛbɔ bali pewu.
7. Hypercapnie (CO2 Narcose) ani Glazing Glace-Mask:
8. Hali ni banabagatɔ ye fiɲɛbɔlan fitinin dɔ da min bonya bɛ se bolokɔni ma, ninakili sumalen ɲiginnen min bɛ bɔ (37°C / 98.6°F) bɛ nɛnɛ kɔnɔna kɔnɔna wuli, o min bɛ segin ka nɛnɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ ka kɛ jikuru gɛlɛnw ye minnu tɛ se ka don a kɔnɔ min bɛ fiɲɛ duman bali ka jɛnsɛn nɛnɛ kɔnɔ k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ gazi ɲuman bɔlen minɛ (CO2), o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka mɔgɔ hakili bɔ miniti damadɔ kɔnɔ.

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Sanga: Jiri kɔlɔn / Mugu juguman (SIS) ni Slab Avalanche Sudon ye¶

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Buddy Rescuer ka protocole step-by-step: Cogo min na i bɛ se ka jɛɲɔgɔn sɔgɔ ka bɔ miniti 4 kɔnɔ¶

Ikomi hakili tiɲɛni bɛ daminɛ miniti 4 fo miniti 6 kɔnɔ** ni nɛnɛ bɛ mɔgɔ minɛbaga ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ datugu, ani ikomi a bɛ miniti 10 fo 20 ta hali Ski Patrol yɔrɔ teliya la walasa ka weleli sɔrɔ, ka sigilan wuli, ka ski kɛ ka taa jiri boliyɔrɔ la, a tigi ka ɲɛnamaya bɛ bɔ kɛmɛsarada la a jɛɲɔgɔn na min bɛ ski kɛ n’u ye sisan.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|     RIGHT VS. WRONG EXCAVATION PATH FOR A TREE WELL BUDDY RESCUE        |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                         |
|   [WRONG: Stepping on Top Rim]          [RIGHT: Horizontal Tunneling]   |
|                                                                         |
|     Rescuer steps on top of               Rescuer approaches from       |
|     snow rim above branches:              BELOW (downhill) side:        |
|                                                                         |
|        [Rescuer Steps Here]                      / \                    |
|            |    / \                             / | \                   |
|            v   / | \                           /  |  \ [Skis Visible]   |
|     ~~~~~~~|~~/~~|~~\~~~~~~~          ~~~~~~~~/~~~|~~~\~~~~~~~          |
|     COLLAPSES/   |   \                       /    |    \                |
|     SNOW    /  [Head] \         [RESCUER] ==/====>| [Head / Airway]     |
|     ONTO   /  CRUSHES  \        Digs Straight     |  Cleared First      |
|     VICTIM   AIR POCKET         Inward to Trunk   |  in < 60 Seconds    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1nan : Aw kana ɲɛnayeli bɔnɛ abada: Aw bɛ "Partner in Sight" sariya mara¶

1. Ni aw bɛ ski walima snowboard kɛ jiriw la mugu don na (30+ cm / 12+ inches of new snow), never "leapfrog" (mɔgɔ kelen bɛ ski kɛ ka jigin yɔrɔ min na ka bɔ a ɲɛ na ka makɔnɔni kɛ boli jukɔrɔ). Aw bɛ boli yeelen cogoya la min sirilen don ka aw jɛɲɔgɔn kɔ lajɛ k’a ɲɛsin aw ma, walima aw bɛ jiriw sɔgɔli surun kɛ yɔrɔ min na, skikɛla ɲɛmɔgɔ bɛ jɔ yɔrɔ min na yɔrɔ lafiyalen na, k’a sɔrɔ a ɲɛ bɛ sanfɛla jɛɲɔgɔn kan duguma sira bɛɛ la.
2. I jɛɲɔgɔn bɛ tunun yɔrɔnin kelen:
3. Aw bɛ aw ɲɛ jɔ jiri walima dugukolo yɔrɔ tigitigi la, aw ye u ka jakite walima u ka nɛnɛ fiyɛli ye laban na yɔrɔ min na.
4. Aw bɛ pɛrɛn ni kanba ye ("HELP, SKIER IN A TREE WELL") walasa ka skikɛla tɛmɛtɔ o skikɛla minɛ tulo la, aw k’aw ka fiyɛli fiyɛ siɲɛ saba, ni mɔgɔ sabanan bɛ yen, aw k’a to u ka Ski Patrol Dispatch wele ni boli tɔgɔ tigitigi ye ani ka sankanso nimɔrɔ kɔrɔta k’a sɔrɔ aw bɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli daminɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.

Taabolo 2nan : Aw bɛ gɛrɛ ka bɔ JIGISƐN (Jiginni): Aw kana senna sanfɛla dawolo la abada¶

1. Aw kana a ɲini ka jatigɛwalekɛla ka ski/snowboard minɛ ka u sama ka taa sanfɛ ka bɔ san fɛ:
2. Ni an 80-kilogram (176-pound) baliku bɛ su don a kunkolo la in 2 meters ka snow ni 30 kilograms ka nɛnɛ lafiɲɛ u disi ni u kamankunw kan, ka sama ka taa sanfɛ u senkɔniw kan walima snowboard sirili o tɛna u kɔrɔta ka bɔ; a bɛna u gɛnɛgɛnɛw kɔrɔta dɔrɔn k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ nɛnɛ lafiyalen tɔni caman lamaga ka bɔ bolow la ka jigin u ɲɛda la.
3. Drop Downhill Jiri kɔlɔn jukɔrɔ:
4. Ski walima ka wuli ka yaala ka taa jigin (jigin) fan fɛ jiri kɔlɔn na.
5. Aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ ka ski walima snowboard bɔ joona walasa aw ka se ka butiki sen sabati.
6. Aw bɛ dumuni kɛ duguma bolow kɔrɔ minnu bɛ falen tuma bɛɛ (walima ka duguma jiribolow kari/ka u gɛrɛntɛ ka bɔ sira kan) walasa ka aw ɲɛ jɔ dingɛ kɔnɔna na min bɛ jiribolo kɛrɛfɛ.

Taabolo 3nan : Aw bɛ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ saniya FƆLƆ sekɔndi 60 kɔnɔ¶

1. Ka tugu Jatigɛwalekɛla farikolo kɔ ka jigin fo ka se u kun na:
2. Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni aw bolow ye walima ni avalanche shovel blade ye (ka nɛnɛ bɔ ka bɔ jatigɛwalekɛla ɲɛda la ani ka jigin ka bɔ dingɛ kɔnɔ), aw bɛ tugu jatigɛwalekɛla farikolo kɔ ka jigin ka taa jiribolo fan fɛ walasa k’u ka kasɛti, ɲɛda, da, ani nugu sɔrɔ.
3. Aw bɛ Da ni Nu Saniya ani ka ninakili lajɛ:
4. Clear a wide 30-centimeter (12-inch) ninakiliyɔrɔ min bɛ u kunkolo ni u disi lamini walasa u fogonfogonw ka se ka bonya hɔrɔnya la.
5. Aw bɛ bolokɔni fila kɛ ni ganw ye walasa ka nɛnɛ "kɔri" pake o pake bɔ u da ni u nugu la.
6. Aw bɛ ɲininkali kɛ ni kanba ye ni u bɛ se ka ninakili. Ni u ɲɛda ni u disi dabɔra kɛnɛma fiɲɛ ɲuman na, miniti 4 kɔnɔnafili waati bɛ jɔ, o bɛ waati di i ma walasa k’u senw ni u sirilanw hɔrɔnya lafiya la.

Taabolo 4nan : Aw bɛ ski walima snowboard sirilanw bila ka u bɔ ka kɛɲɛ ni u ye¶

1. Free the Senw Sanfɛ:
2. Ni aw bɛ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ da wulilen lakana duguma, aw bɛ aw bolo kɔrɔta (walima aw bɛ a to kisibaga filanan ka se ka don ka bɔ kɛrɛ fɛ) walasa ka ski sirilanw senkɔniw digi ka jigin walima ka ka snowboard sirilanw senkɔniw ni senkɔniw sirilanw bɔ walasa jatigɛwalekɛla ka butikiw kana bɔ pewu pankurun/ski minnu sirilen don bolow la.
3. Aw ka Jatigɛwalekɛla sama ka bɔ kɛnɛ kan ka kɛɲɛ ni jirisunba ye:
4. Aw bɛ bɔyɔrɔ tilennen dɔ sɔgɔ ka bɔ kɛnɛma ka bɔ jirisunba la jiginɛ fan fɛ, ka banabagatɔ kunkolo ni a kɔkolo dɛmɛ, ka u sɔgɔ ka bɔ kɛnɛma ka taa nɛnɛ gɛlɛnw kan.
5. Lakununni teliya la ni Apnéique (Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest):
6. Ikomi jiri-kɔlɔn dusukun tantanni bɛ sɔrɔ oksizɛni dɔgɔyali/sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ fɛ (i n’a fɔ ji la walima jikuru suturali i n’a fɔ), kisi ninakili (fiɲɛbɔ) nafa ka bon kosɛbɛ. Aw bɛ nɛnɛ bɛɛ bɔ da la, ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ da (head-tilt/chin-lift walima jaw-thrust ni siga bɛ kɔkolo jogin na), aw bɛ kisili ninakili fɔlɔ 5 kɛ ka sɔrɔ ka 30:2 CPR kɛ (disi digidigi 30 ka se kisi ninakili 2 ma), ani ka AED kɛ ni Ski Patrol sera dɔrɔn. An b’a ɲini aw fɛ kosɛbɛ aw ka bololabaara kɛ CPR ni Dɛmɛ fɔlɔ kalan na ka bɔ Croix Rouge fɛ, St John Ambulance fɛ, walima aw ka sigida kuluw kisibaga fɛ.

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Duniya ski kɔlɔsili ni kuluw kisicogo sariyaw jiri kɔlɔnw kɔrɔtɔlenw kama¶

• Amerika ani Kanada (Pacifique Worodugu-Tilebin, British Columbia, Rockies, Sierras):
• In-Bounds Ski Resort: Aw bɛ resort ka direct Ski Patrol Emergency Dispatch nimɔrɔ wele (a sɛbɛnnen bɛ sira karti kan, sigilanw kan, walima Epic/Ikon app kan; aw k’a mara aw ka Favorites kɔnɔ sani aw ka boli fɔlɔ) walima ka darapo kɛ lift baarakɛla min ka surun aw la walima patɔrɔn min bɛ ni jacket jɛman/bilen ye. Weeleli 911 ka bɔ ski siraw la ka taa se marabolo sherifu cibaga dɔ ma kɔdingɛ kɔnɔ min ka kan ka segin ka weleli lasegin ka se Ski Patrol ma, o bɛ kɛ miniti nafama 3 fo 5 ye.
• Kɔfɛla / Kɛrɛfɛdugu (Kɔra): Weele 911 ani ka i ka Garmin inReach walima Personal Locator Beacon (PLB) ka mara ɲinini ni kisi (SAR) walima Parks Canada taamakɛlaw ka lakana.
• Erɔpu jamana & Suwisi (Alpes, Pyrénées, Dolomites, Scandinavie):
• Dial kɛ 112 (Erɔpu jamana ka kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ) walima ka kuluw kisicogo tilennen wele: France (112 / PGHM), Suwisi jamana (1414 REGA), Ɔtirisi (140 Alpinnotruf), Itali jamana (118 / . 112 CNSAS).
• Japon (Hokkaido: Niseko, Rusutsu, Furano, Kiroro; Honshu: Hakuba, Nozawa Onsen, Miyoko):
• Japon ka birisi ni bambu (Sasa) glades minnu bɛ duguma, olu faralen don ɲɔgɔn kan ni subalpine conifers ye ani 15+ meters san o san nɛnɛ bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka faratiba lase mugu jugumanba ma (jiko jisuma kɔdingɛ dingɛ dogolenw fana sen bɛ o la). Lafiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ dancɛw kɔnɔ, i ka Ski Patrol nimɔrɔ wele min sɛbɛnnen bɛ i ka lifatan tɛmɛsira kan; ni kɔrɔtɔko minnu tɛ dan na, aw bɛ telefɔni 110 (Polisi kulu kisi) walima 119 (Tasuma/Anbilisi) wele.
• Ɔsitarali ani Zelande kura: Weele 000 (Australia Ski Patrol / Alpine Polisiw ka Kisi NSW ani Victoria) walima 111 (Nouvelle-Zélande Ski Patrol / LandSAR).

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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Yala snowboardkɛlaw walima skikɛlaw farati ka bon ka sa jiri kɔlɔn kɔnɔ wa?¶

Skikɛlaw ni snowboardkɛlaw fila bɛɛ bɛ jiriw kɔlɔnw fagali hakɛ bɛ bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma (a bɛ se ka kɛ 55 fo 60% ye skikɛlaw ye ani 40 fo 45% ye snowboardkɛlaw ye Ameriki Woroduguyanfan ko kɛlenw kunnafonidilanw bɛɛ kɔnɔ), nka masinko kunw tɛ kelen ye dɔɔnin. A. A skikɛla ka releasable DIN bindings bɛ se ka ski kelen bɔ twisting fall waati la, nka ni skikɛla y’u bolow to u kɔnɔ ski pole bolokɔniw sirilanw, berew bɛ u bolow siri u kun sanfɛ walasa u kana se ka fiɲɛbɔlan dɔ jɛya. O kɔfɛ, a snowboarder ta ye sirilan minnu tɛ se ka bɔ, olu bɛ sen fila bɛɛ datugu kudayi fo ka se a bonya ma 155 fo 165 cm pankurun min bɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ ankɔri min sirilen bɛ bolow la sanfɛ, o b’a to a tɛ se ka wuli ka taa kinin fɛ ka taa san fɛ fo jɛɲɔgɔn dɔ ka sirilanw dabɔ.

Mun na ne man kan k’a ɲini ka ski kɛ jiribolo gɛrɛfɛ, mugu ma maga yɔrɔ minnu na?¶

Sanfiɲɛba kɔfɛ ni boli dafalenw bɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ, skikɛlaw ni nɛgɛso bolilaw bɛ kɔrɔbɔ ka wuli ka taa kinin fɛ jiriw kɛnɛma bolow jukɔrɔ, nɛnɛ bɛ i n’a fɔ a jugumanba ani a tɛ tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ yɔrɔ min na. O apron "untracked" min bɛ bolow jukɔrɔ, o tɛ jirisunba ye; o ye jiri dingɛlen kɔlɔn sanfɛla nkalonma. Aw bɛ aw ka ski walima snowboard siraw mara tuma bɛɛ kɛnɛma jiribolodacogo kɛnɛma jibɔ-sira, aw kana aw ɲɛsin abada jirisunba dɔ da la walasa k’aw ka teliya kɔlɔsi, ani ka a lajɛ tuma bɛɛ yɔrɔ dafalenw jiriw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ sanni u ka jiriw yɛrɛ filɛ ni ɲɛmajɔ ye.

Ni ne binna mugu jugumanba la, yɔrɔ flakɛlen walima yɔrɔ dɔgɔmannin bolicogo la ka bɔ jiriw la, yala ne bɛ se ka n yɛrɛ sɔgɔ hali bi wa?¶

Ɔwɔ, k’a sɔrɔ Snow Immersion Suffocation (SIS (SIS) ye) saya bɛ kɛ jirisunw kɔlɔnw kɔnɔ , tila sabanan tɔ bɛ kɛ san mugu da wulilen jugumanba (`> 60 to 90 cm / 2 to 3 feet` ka sanjiba nɛnɛ min ma sabati) . ni skikɛla walima snowboardkɛla ye tip ("tomahawks" walima "augurs in") minɛ a kun na ka don drift jugumanba dɔ la, kɔjida la, walima dugukolo degun dɔ la. Ni aw ye aw kunkolo jigin mugu da wulilen jugumanba kɔnɔ, aw hakili sigilen don, ka sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ dabila, ka aw kunkolo lamaga walasa ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ dɔ dilan, ka aw biri aw kɛrɛ fɛ walima aw kɔ kan ka kɛɲɛ ni aw ye sanni aw k’a ɲini ka aw gɛrɛ ka jigin ka ɲɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni nɛnɛ ye min duguma tɛ.

Mun na sɛgɛsɛgɛlikɛlaw 90% ma se ka boli jiri dɔ ɲɛ kɔlɔn dɔnniya kɔlɔsiliw la?¶

Kɔrɔbɔli tɔgɔba minnu kɛra ni kɔrɔsili ye minnu ɲɛmɔgɔya tun bɛ jiri-kɔlɔn lakanani tutigɛbaga bolo Paul Baugher (Centre de Avalanche du Nord-Ouest / Ski Patrol de Montagne Crystal), balikuw ka skikɛlaw ni snowboarder minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, olu bilala ka wuli ka don jiri kɔlɔn lakika dɔ kɔnɔ ni lakana kɔlɔsilikɛlaw jɔlen bɛ a kɛrɛfɛ, k’a fɔ u ye k’u k’u yɛrɛ bɔ. Kalansen tan o tan, 9 ma se pewu ani u tun ka kan ka sama ka bɔ lakanabagaw fɛ bawo u bolow, u farikolo walima u senw lamagacogo o yɔrɔ la, o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ tun bɛ nɛnɛbɔlan lafiyalen kogow bin ka taa kɔnɔna na, k’u su don ka taa a fɛ ani k’u disi siri segin 30 kɔnɔ.

Yala ne ka kan ka n ka ski sirili DIN sigicogo gɛlɛya fo ka se a dan na mugu juguman don na walasa n kana ski bɔnɛ wa?¶

Ayi, ka i ka ski sirili bɔli nafaw (`DIN`) ka tɛmɛ i ka janya/girinya/skier-type chart sɛgɛsɛgɛlen kan o la i ka skiw "never pre-release in powder" farati ka bon kosɛbɛ jiriw la. Ni aw ye aw kunkolo fili jiri kɔlɔn dɔ kɔnɔ ni DIN sirilanw sirilen don kojugu (walima telemark/tech sirili minnu tɛ bɔ kɛnɛ kan, olu datugulen don `Tour/Ski-Lock` jiginni cogoya), i ka `180-centimeter` skiw bɛna to ka datugu i ka butikiw la ka u sɔgɔ jiribolow la sanfɛ, k’i minɛ i kunkolo la. O nɔ na, aw bɛ aw ka sirilanw to u bɔli cogo bɛnnen na ani ka nilon jɛman siri mugu juruw / bɔrɔw tucked into your pant cuff ni aw bɛ hami ka ski bilalen sɔrɔ nɛnɛ juguman kɔnɔ.

Mɔgɔ bɛ se ka balo a kuncɛlen jiri kɔlɔn kɔnɔ fo waati jumɛn ni a ye fiɲɛbɔlan ɲuman da?¶

Ɲɛnamaya waati bɛ bɔ fiɲɛbɔlan bonya la pewu ani ni fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ jɛlen don: ni da ni nugu falen don nɛnɛ na, hakilintan bɛ kɛ kɔnɔ miniti 2 fo miniti 3 ani hakili jogin min tɛ se ka segin kɔ, o bɛ daminɛ san miniti 4 fo miniti 6. Nka ni a tigi tora yɔrɔnin kelen, aw bɛ u ɲɛda tanga ni u bolokɔni walima u ka jakite kɔla ye walasa ka a mara Santimɛtɛrɛ 15 (insi 6) . fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ min bɛ jiribolo kɛrɛfɛ, ani ninakili dɔɔnin dɔɔnin, diɲɛ kɔnɔ mɔgɔ lakikaw tora u hakili la Miniti 30 fo miniti 90+ fo ka se a kisili ma.

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Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Jiri kɔlɔnw su ji la ani nɛnɛ jugumanba sɔgɔli
• Ski, snowboard ani kasaara minnu bɛ kɛ kuluw kan
• Kungo kɔnɔ funteni dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛ ɲɛnamaya
• Crevasse bin, glacier taama, yɛrɛminɛ, ani snow bridge bin
• Snowmobile walima ATV karilen kɔji jikuruw cɛma walima ka siri mugu jugumanba kɔnɔna na, min bɛ se ka kɛnɛya ani ka funteni dɔgɔya

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Sosow ani ɲɛmɔgɔyaso ka bilasiralikan¶

• Jamana ka Ski yɔrɔw tɔn (NSAA) & DeepSnowSafety.org (Amerika & Kanada): Jiri kɔlɔnw ni nɛnɛ juguman lakanani laadilikanw ofisiyali, NARSID / SIS jatebɔ kunnafonidilan, ani jɛɲɔgɔnw ka sariyaw (Paul Baugher / Northwest Avalanche Center Research).
• Wilderness Medical Society (WMS, Etazuni): Dɔgɔtɔrɔso baarakɛcogo laadilikanw ka ɲɛsin sanji sudonbagaw kunbɛnni ni u furakɛli ma.
• Jamana ka ski kɔlɔsili (NSP) & Kanada Ski kɔlɔsili (CSP, Ameriki Woroduguyanfan): Kɛnɛma ladonni kɔrɔtɔlen (OEC): Jiri kɔlɔnw bɔli fɛɛrɛw, fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw bɔli, ani dusukun tantanni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ lakununni.
• Duniɲa ka jɛkulu min bɛ kuluw kisi (ICAR / CISA-IKAR, International): Nɛnɛ sudon ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ tɔɔrɔlenw lakununni Alpine sigidaw la.
• Erɔpu lakununni tɔnba (ERC) & Ameriki dusukun tɔnba (AHA): Lakununni ko kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenw: Farati fariganbaliya ani nɛnɛ sudon fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ/fiɲɛ bilali fɔlɔ.