Distrik waji pipe geyser walima dugujukɔrɔ kuran vault manhole binkanni: carbone monoxyde push ani asibiti bɔgɔ bɔli¶

Ka taama dugu siraba dɔ kan min falen bɛ duguba kɔnɔ Niyɔriki dugu kɔnɔ, Boston, Filadɛlifi, San Fransisko, Toronto, Lɔnduru walima Pari ni a 135-kilogram (300-pound) nɛgɛdaga min dilannen don ni nɛgɛ ye, o bɛ barika fɔ ka wuli, ka sisi jɛman-jɛmanba bɔ, walima ka lance 15 meters (50 feet) ka don fiɲɛ na tasuma koloma dɔ kan, walima ka jet-motɛri mankan mɛn min bɛ mɔgɔ tulo tigɛ i n’a fɔ district steam main (1,000 to 1,400 kPa / . 150 to 200 psi at 200 degrees Celsius / . 400 degrees Fahrenheit) bɛ pɛrɛn ka tɛmɛn asfalt fɛ ka kɛ a 10-story geyser min bɛ bɔgɔ ni faraw jeni, o ye duguba kɔnɔ fɛnsɔrɔko kɔrɔtɔko ye min bɛ farati fila la. Sennamɔgɔw ni sow kɔnɔmɔgɔw fanba b’a miiri ko ni u ye sira tigɛ ka bɔ sisibɔyɔrɔ la walima wajibɔyɔrɔ la, u bɔra farati la. Tiɲɛ na, bagabagali fila minnu bɛ mɔgɔ faga kosɛbɛ, minnu bɛ bɔ dugujukɔrɔla fɛnw fiyɛli la, olu bɛ taa sow kɔnɔ minnu bɛ kɛrɛfɛ ani dugu bloki bɛɛ kɔnɔ, u tɛ ye.

A fɔlɔ, dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran kabɔri walima transformateur vault tasuma ("Manhole Event") waati la, kuran arcing barikama bɛ dugujukɔrɔ siraw kɔnɔ minnu kɔnɔ oksizɛni kɔngɔ bɛ u la, o bɛ tiɲɛ ni funteni ye (pyrolyse) papiye-insulé ni plɔmu datugulen (PILC) ani sintetiki lastikuw/polietilɛni kabɔri jakitew ka kɛ Monoksidi de carbone (CO, tuma caman na, a bɛ tɛmɛ o kan 10,000 to 50,000 parts per million), Idrɔzɛni (H2), Mɛtani (CH4), ani Asɛtilɛni (C2H2). Ni nɛgɛdaga datugulan tora a sigilen na walima ni a pɛrɛnna, dugujukɔrɔ gazi tansiyɔn bɛ o wajibiya o kasa tɛ min na, min tɛ kulɛri ye 10,000+ ppm Gazi monokisidi bɛ tigɛ ka tɛmɛ dugujukɔrɔso baarakɛyɔrɔ-sira bololanɛgɛw fɛ minnu ma datugu, ka don sow ni maganw ɲɛfɛ minnu bɛ u kɛrɛfɛ, ka so kɔnɔna daminɛ CO alarma ani ka kɛ sababu ye ka mɔgɔ hakili tiɲɛ joona hali sow kɔnɔ kuran bɛ minnu na hali bi. Filanan, duguba marabolo wajiba dɔ karilen ("Water Hammer Blast") waati la, pibiliki rezo kɔrɔw kan minnu sigilen don ka kɔn 1980, jet supersonic steam jet bɛ tariku Chrysotile ani Amosite Asbestos thermal pipe insulation mugu ani ka sanji jɛman asibiti falen bɔgɔ ni bɔgɔdaga kɛ bloki caman kan. Ni aw ye mansin dɔ ye min bɛ sigarɛti min, ka kumakan bɔ, walima min bɛ ka pɛrɛn walima ni jisuma ye min bɛ mankan bɔ, aw bɛ o yɔrɔ labɔ fiɲɛ fɛ a dɔgɔyalenba la 30 to 100 meters (100 to 330 feet) ka aw ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele (911 Ameriki ni Kanada jamanaw na, . 112 Erɔpu tɔnba kɔnɔ, . 999 Angletɛri jamana na; aw ye a lajɛ kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw) o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ. Walasa ka duguba kɔnɔ nafamafɛnw kɔrɔtɔlenw dɔn minnu bɛ tali kɛ o la, aw ye sɛbɛn ɲɛ marabolo ka wapuri pibiliki binkanni, manhole tasuma, ani dugujukɔrɔ vault fiyɛ, . tension stray kan nɛgɛ nbɛdaw la, sirada la manhole datugulanw, ani wulu taama shocks, ani gazi nafama kasa duman mɛrkaptan bɛ tunun, dugujukɔrɔ gazi kasa tɛ min na, o bɛ taa dugujukɔrɔyɔrɔw la, ani dan minnu bɛ bɔn.

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Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw bɛ nbɛda ni sirada saniya joona: aw bɛ taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la a dɔgɔyalenba la 30 meters (100 feet) fiɲɛ sanfɛ ka bɔ kuran dingɛ kɔnɔ min bɛ sigarɛti/fiɲɛ bɔ, walima 100 meters (330 feet) fiɲɛ fɛ ka bɔ distrik wazi geyser la min bɛ ka bɔn. Aw kana taama abada manhole datugulan kan min bɛ sisi, min bɛ mankan bɔ, walima min bɛ yɛrɛyɛrɛ walima sirada la, ani aw kana mobili boli abada manhole sisilen kan (mobili funteni bɔyɔrɔ walima katalitiki convertisseur bɛ se ka gazi idɔrɔzi/karɔbɔni-monokisidi tasuma don min bɛ bɔn ka bɔ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw la, ka fiyɛ 135-kg / . 300-lb aw bɛ a datugu ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ aw ka mobili dugumalan fɛ).
2. Ni aw sigilen bɛ walima ni aw bɛ baara kɛ boon dɔ kɔnɔ min bɛ bloki kelen kan ni kuran dingɛ ye min bɛ sigarɛti walima min bɛ ka pɛrɛn, aw bɛ so duguma ni dugumalan bɔ joona ani ka Carbon Monoxide (CO) jiginni. Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran sira bankiw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ ka ɲɛsin dugujukɔrɔ kuran dondaw ma (POE) boon bɛɛ kogow bloki kan. Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kabali insulasi jeni pirolisi bɛ ** .10,000+ ppm ka Carbon Monoxide** kasa tɛ min na, o bɛ taa dugujukɔrɔyɔrɔw la k’a sɔrɔ sisi kasa si tɛ a la. Ni aw ka so kɔnɔ CO detektɛri mankanw, walima ni boon kɔnɔ mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ ye kunkolodimi barikama sɔrɔ, a ɲɛnamini, walima a ye kɔnɔboli sɔrɔ nbɛda la tasumabɔ waati la, aw bɛ boon bɛɛ labɔ fiɲɛ ɲuman na ani ka a fɔ tasumafagalanw ye minnu bɛ na yen ko: "An bɛ ni bɔgɔdaga ye min bɛ sigarɛti bɔ nbɛda la ani ka sigasiga dugujukɔrɔ Monoksidi carbone jiginni na an ka so duguma."
3. Ni aw minɛna marabolo wajibɔlan karilen kɛrɛfɛ, aw bɛ boli fiɲɛ fɛ ka bɔ bɔgɔ ni sankaba bintɔ la walasa ka a bali 200 C (400 F) fiɲɛ bilali fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw jeni. Municipal steam high-pressure ( .175 to 200 degrees Celsius / . 350 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit) bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka yɔrɔnin kelen bɛɛ falen-falen (third-degree) fari jeninida ani sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ min bɛ mɔgɔ faga ni a fiyɛra ni fiɲɛ sumalenba ye. Aw kana **aw yɛrɛ dogo mɔgɔw ladon yɔrɔ kɔnɔ min ɲɛsinnen bɛ kariyɔrɔ ma ni galasi finɛtiriw bɛ ka gosi faraw fɛ walima ni bɔgɔmugu tobilen ye; bɔ kɔfɛ baarakɛyɔrɔ da fɛ walima ka taa sanfɛyɔrɔ dɔ la boon fan jan fɛ ani ka boon HVAC kɛnɛma fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw bɛɛ datugu.
4. Aw bɛ bɔgɔ jɛman, buguri, ani fɛnɲɛnamafagalan nɔgɔw bɛɛ furakɛ minnu bɛ bɔ duguba kɔnɔ wazi pipe binkanni na i n’a fɔ a bɛ miiri ko a bɛ se ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ Chrysotile Asbestos fo ka se ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli kɛ dugu sigida lamini baaradaw fɛ. Ni bɔgɔ jɛman ɲiginnen, buguri, walima fiɲɛ finman/bilen finman min bɔra watara fiyɛli la, o jigira aw kunsigi, aw fari, aw ka jatigila, walima aw ka sanbara kan, aw kana taama ka don aw ka so kɔnɔ walima aw ka mobili kɔnɔ ni o fɛnw don finiw ani aw kana buguri jalen bɔ ni aw bolo ye abada. Aw bɛ aw ka kɛnɛma finiw ni aw ka sanbaraw bɔ kɛnɛma, ka u datugu nɔgɔbɔlan fila kɔnɔ minnu ɲiginnen don ni ji ye (bɔrɔ ɲiginnenw), ka sɔrɔ ka aw ko ka ɲɛ ni jisuma ni safinɛ ye, ka aw kunsigi ko fɔlɔ.
5. Aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ tanga siraba ɲiginnenw bɛɛ ma, nɛgɛdaga sirada la, ani nbɛda lanpan minnu bɛ manhogo kɛrɛfɛ min bɛ ni watara walima sisi bɛ bɔ (Stray Voltage / Step Potential). Wajibɔ ni tasuma-fanga-minɛnw ka jibɔyɔrɔw bɛ jigin dugujukɔrɔ 120/208-volt rezo filananw ni 13,800-volt balolan fɔlɔw, nɛgɛdaga minnu bɛ fanga di, nɛgɛdaga minnu bɛ kɛ ni nɛgɛ ye, ani bɛton ɲiginnenw. Aw bɛ taama cɛmancɛ nɔgɔ jalen kan min yɔrɔ ka jan nɛgɛ datugulanw na, ka wuluw kɔrɔta ka bɔ siraba ɲiginnenw kan, ani ka u sen fila bɛɛ ɲagami ɲɔgɔn na ni aw ye sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ dɔ ye aw senw na.
6. Aw kana segin ka don boon kɔnɔ abada manhole tasuma walima watara fiyɛlen kɔfɛ fo tasuma-fanga-jɛkulu ni Utility Crew ka a sɛgɛsɛgɛ 0 ppm Carbone Monoxide in the basement ANI ka seereya kɛ ni fasa/sirada tɛ asibiti la. Hali ni manhole tasuma fagara nbɛda la, pockets of 500 to 2,000 ppm Gazi monoksidi bɛ to ka siri dugujukɔrɔla baarakɛminɛnw kɔnɔ, alifantaw kɔnɔ, ani kogow kɔnɔ lɛrɛ caman kɔnɔ fo tasumafagalanw ka fiɲɛbɔ ni tansiyɔn ɲuman fiɲɛbɔlanw ye ani ka dugujukɔrɔla jibolisiraw datugu.

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Desizɔn jiri : dugujukɔrɔ manhole tasuma ni marabolo waji pipe geyser¶

flowchart TD
    A["Dugukolo jukɔrɔ nbɛdaw la nafamafɛnw kɔrɔtɔko dugubaw kɔnɔ minnu ka ca"] --> B{"Yala a ye Kuran Manhole Event ye WAALIMA a ye High-Pressure Steam Rupture ye wa?"}
    B -->|"1. Kuran Manhole : Sisi nɛrɛma/jɛman, gundola kasa, datugulan min bɛ wuli, sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ bulu/orange"| C["Aw bɛ mɛtɛrɛ 30+ (100+ ft) bɔ fiɲɛ sanfɛ; aw kana bolifɛn boli walima ka taama manhole datugulan si kan"]
    B -->|"2. Distrik ka watara tiɲɛni : Lafiɲɛbɔ finman min bɛ mɔgɔ tulo tigɛ, asfalt/bɔgɔ min bɛ pan, nbɛda ji tobilen"| D["Aw bɛ boli mɛtɛrɛ 100+ (330+ ft) sanfɛ fiɲɛ fɛ ka bɔ lafiɲɛbɔ/bɔgɔ la; aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ tanga gilasi finɛtiriw ma minnu ɲɛsinnen bɛ kɔdingɛ ma"]
    C --> E{"Yala i bɛ boon dɔ kɔnɔ min bɛ sira kelen kan wa?"}
    E -->|"Ɔwɔ"| F["Aw bɛ dugujukɔrɔyɔrɔ & 1er étage bɔ joona: 10.000+ ppm Carbon Monoxide bɛ gɛlɛya ka tɛmɛ kabali siraw fɛ"]
    E -->|"Ayi: Kɛnɛma"| G["Aw bɛ se ka 911 tasuma ci & kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ wele; aw ka to nɛgɛso ɲiginnenw ni nbɛdaw la"]
    F --> H{"Yala so kɔnɔ CO alarma bɛ pɛrɛn WAALIMA a kɔnɔmɔgɔw bɛ kungolodimi/kɔnɔnafili wa?"}
    H -->|"Ɔwɔ"| I["Aw bɛ boon bɛɛ labɔ fiɲɛ ɲuman na ani ka Fire Dept HazMat lasɔmi walasa ka CO kalanniw sɔrɔ duguma"]
    H -->|"Ayi"| J["Aw bɛ so duguma da datugu, ka sanfɛla finɛtiriw da fiɲɛ sanuman fan fɛ, ka FDNY/Fire CO bɔli makɔnɔ"]
    D --> K{"Yala bɔgɔ jɛman, buguri walima fiɲɛ nɔgɔ minnu bɔra watara fiyɛli la, olu jigira i kan wa?"}
    K -->|"Ɔwɔ: Kirizotili Asibiti bɛ se ka bin"| L["Aw kana burusi jalen walima ka a don kɔnɔna na: Aw bɛ sanbara/kɛnɛma finiw bɔ kɛnɛma, ka bɔrɔ ɲiginnen kɛ plastiki fila kɔnɔ, ani ka aw ko"]
    K -->|"Ayi"| M["Aw bɛ sow ka HVAC minɛyɔrɔw datugu, ka finɛtiriw datugu ni kase ye, ka DEP/EPA asibiti sɛgɛsɛgɛli jaabiw makɔnɔ"]

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Farati 1: Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran bɔgɔdaga tasuma, Manhole binkanni, ani Basement Carbon Monoxide Push¶

Dugu minnu kɔnɔ kuran siraw ka ca dugujukɔrɔ (network distribution systems), fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛmɛ caman minnu ka bon (120/208 V walima 277/480 V ka taa ni a ye 1,000 to 4,000 amps) ani balolan fɔlɔw minnu ka bon ( ) .4,160 V ka 34,500 V) boli kɛrɛfɛ ka tɛmɛn bɔgɔ fitininw fɛ, PVC, walima nɛgɛ duct banks . 1 to 3 meters (3 to 10 feet) nbɛda jukɔrɔ.

Cogo min na fonɛnɛ sira-kɔgɔ wulicogo walima samiyɛ funteni bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka manhole (kɔnɔna) fiyɛ ani ka CO baga don so kɔnɔ¶

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|   HOW UNDERGROUND CABLE PYROLYSIS PUSHES 10,000+ PPM CO INTO BASEMENTS      |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                                             |
|  [STREET SURFACE]        (Cast-Iron Manhole Cover: 60 to 135 kg / 300 lb)   |
|  ===================[=======]=============================================  |
|                     | Vents |                                               |
|   +-----------------+-------+-----------------+                             |
|   |       UNDERGROUND ELECTRICAL VAULT        |                             |
|   |  1. Road salt / heat causes 13.8kV or     |     [APARTMENT BUILDING]    |
|   |     120/208V cable insulation to arc.     |     +-------------------+   |
|   |  2. Anaerobic pyrolysis of XLPE / PILC    |     | 1st Floor Living  |   |
|   |     cable jacket generates:               |     | (CO rises up      |   |
|   |     * Carbon Monoxide (CO: 10,000+ ppm)   |     |  stairwell/pipes) |   |
|   |     * Hydrogen (H2) & Methane (CH4)       |     +-------------------+   |
|   |  3. Vault pressure forces odorless CO     |     | BASEMENT WALL     |   |
|   |     down the conduit duct bank: ================> [Unsealed Conduit |   |
|   |                                           |     |  Service Sleeve]  |   |
|   +-------------------------------------------+     +-------------------+   |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Mun na yeelenw bɛ to i ka boon kɔnɔ ka sɔrɔ kabali bɛ jeni (Secondary Network Grid):
2. A tɛ i n’a fɔ dugu kɔkan kuran sira radiyali minnu bɛ karikɛlan dɔ tiɲɛ ni nɛgɛ surunyana yɔrɔnin kelen, dugu cɛmancɛ dugubaw kɔnɔ rezo filananw bɛ dugujukɔrɔ transformateur tan ni caman siri ɲɔgɔn na ka kɛɲɛ ni ɲɔgɔn ye, min dabɔra ka jeni ka jɛya kuran sira surun dɔ la ("jeni-ka-bɔ") walasa sankolola sobaw, dɔgɔtɔrɔsow ani metorobaw kana kuran bɔnɛ. O de kosɔn, a filila 120/208-volt kabali bundle min bɛ nbɛda manhole kɔnɔ ka se ka arc ani ka tobi at 1,000 degrees Celsius (1,800 degrees Fahrenheit) ka ɲɛsin 30 to 90 minutes k’a sɔrɔ aw ka so lanpanw bɛ to ka mana pewu.
3. Mun na CO A bɛ wuli ka don Basements kɔnɔ Sani i ka sisi kasa mɛn:
4. Ni dugujukɔrɔ kabali jakite bɛ toli sira datugulen kɔnɔ, nɔgɔ nɛrɛma nɔrɔlenw ni gundo girinmanw bɛ ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ dugujukɔrɔ pibiliki kogo nɛnɛmanw kan, ka sisi yelenw ni plastiki kasa jenilenw filɛ ka sɔrɔ ka sira di Carbon Monoxide saniyalen, kasa tɛ min na, kulɛri tɛ min na (CO) gazi min bɛ degunba la walasa ka marifa ci ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ jibolisira bololanɛgɛ fɛ ka don aw ka boon duguma yɔrɔ la.
5. Tasuma-fanga-kulu minnu bɛ New York (FDNY), Bɔntɔni (BFD), ani Toronto bɛ to ka suman ** .1,000 to 15,000 ppm ka Carbon Monoxide** ka sow kɔnɔna na, jirisunw ni sow kɔnɔ 50 meters (165 feet) ka jigin bloki kɔnɔ ka bɔ sisibɔyɔrɔ dɔ la , ** sanfɛ kosɛbɛ .1,200 ppm NIOSH Farati bɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ ɲɛnamaya walima kɛnɛya ma (IDLH)** dakun min na 3 to 5 breaths ka ɲagami ni binkanni bila mɔgɔ la.

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Farati 2: Distrik ka watara kunbabaw karilenw (Water Hammer) ani Asibiti Fallout¶

Duguba tan ni caman bɛ baara kɛ dugujukɔrɔ District Steam Systems (i n’a fɔ Con Edison’s 170-kilometer / 105-mile Manhattan wapu rezo, ka fara marabolo wapuri rezo kan Boston, Filadɛlifi, Baltimore, St Louis, Denver, Indianapolis, Seattle, Pari [CPCU], ani Munich) ko pipe superheated steam at ** .1,000 to 1,400 kPa (150 to 200 psi) ani 175 to 205 degrees Celsius (350 to 400 degrees Fahrenheit)** nbɛdaw jukɔrɔ walasa ka sankolola sobaw sumaya, ka dɔgɔtɔrɔsow sterilize, ani ka fiɲɛbɔlanw boli minnu bɛ kɛ ni watara ye.

Mun na sanjiba bɛ na ni "Condensation-Induced Water Hammer" binkanni juguw ye¶

1. Ji-minɛnba dɔ ka Fiziki (Condensation Shockwave):
2. Tansiyɔnba ka kan ka to ka ja pewu kɛnɛma ani ka kɔnɔna jisuma bɔ tuma bɛɛ waji jaanw fɛ.
3. Ni samiyɛ sanfiɲɛba dɔ, ji-kɛnɛba karilen, walima nbɛdaw la nɔgɔbɔlan datugulen ye dugujukɔrɔla wajibɔyɔrɔ dɔ fa ni sanji nɛnɛ ye, ji nɛnɛ bɛ dugu kɔkanna su ji la 200-degree-Celsius (400-degree-Fahrenheit) nɛgɛdaga min bɛ kɛ ni watara ye. Pipe kɔnɔ, watara min ka suma kosɛbɛ, o bɔrɔ dɔ bɛ barika sɔrɔ ka nɛnɛ ka bɔgɔ ka segin ka kɛ ji jilama ye (condenses), ka yɔrɔnin kelen bɔgɔlan dɔ da pipe kɔnɔ.
4. Ji tobilen tɔni caman bɛ ji min na, olu bɛ sama ka don o vacuum void kɔnɔ ** .100+ meters per second (225+ mph), ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ ka don pibiliki kɔkiliw la walima nɛgɛdaga kɔnɔ i n’a fɔ jibɔlan min bɛ kɛ ni ji ye (Condensation-Induced Water Hammer). Ni pipe kogo karilen don, . 1,400 kPa (200 psi) ji min ka suma kosɛbɛ , o bɛ yeelen bɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ ka don ** kɔnɔ .1,600 times a hakɛ bɛ waji la, fiyɛli a 6-to-12-meter (20-to-40-foot) bɔgɔdaga bɛ tɛmɛ nbɛda la asfalt fɛ ani ka kabakurunw, manhole datugulanw, ani mobili bila fiɲɛ na.
5. Krizotili ni Amoziti Asibiti bɔgɔdaga farati:
6. Dugukolo jukɔrɔla wajibɔlanw sigilen bɛ ɲɔgɔn cɛ 1900s ani 1979 tun sirilen bɛ funteni-bɔlan belebelebaw la ani siman ("bɔgɔ") min kɔnɔ ** .15 to 85 percent Kirizotili (nɛrɛma) ani Amoziti (bulu) Asibiti**.
7. Hali ni bɔgɔ ɲiginnen min bɛ dugukolo kan, o tɛ fiɲɛ ye fo n’a tora ji la, n’a kɛra waati min na, nɔgɔ min bɛ kɛ ni watara ye, o bɛ ja siraba kan, mobili sanfɛ, finɛtiriw da la, walima i ka sanbara ni i ka jatigila kan, n’i bɛ taama a kan walima k’a bruise, o bɛ asibiti fiyɛri miliyɔn caman bɔ fiɲɛ na minnu bɛ se ka wuli ni mikroskɔpi ye.

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Tablo min bɛ tali kɛ ɲɔgɔn na : Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran bɔgɔdaga fiyɛli ni Distrik wajiba tiɲɛni ni Gazi nafama bɔli kunba¶

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Asbestos Mud Decontamination Protocol (Asibɛti bɔgɔdaga bɔli fɛɛrɛ) senfɛ-senfɛ, Steam Pipe Explosion kɔfɛ¶

Ni i tun bɛ taama kɔnɔ 1 to 3 city blocks ka distrik waji pipe karilen (walima ni i ka so finɛtiri tun dabɔlen don ka taa plume fan fɛ) ani bɔgɔ jɛman, buguriji, walima fiɲɛ nɔgɔ minnu jigira i kan walima i ka nafolo kan, aw bɛ tugu U.S. EPA / NYC DEP ka Asibiti ko kɛlenw kɔrɔtɔlenw ka sariyasun:

1. Ni aw bɛ da bɔgɔ walima buguri ɲiginnen na kɛnɛma (Emergency Fire Department Decon Shower):
2. Aw kana don taksi kɔnɔ, metoro kɔnɔ, walima aw ka so kɔnɔ. Aw bɛ taama o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ ka taa Tasuma-fanga HazMat Decontamination Tents la minnu sigilen bɛ yɔrɔ funtenima kɛnɛma lamini na. Tasumafagalanw bɛna a to aw ka aw ka fini nɔgɔlenw ni aw ka fɛn nafamaw kɛ bɔrɔ kɔnɔ, ka taama ji sumalen na min bɛ nɔgɔ bɔ, ka Tyvek fini don min bɛ se ka kɛ siɲɛ kelen ani dɔgɔtɔrɔso sɔgɔlanw.
3. Ni I Taara So Kaban Sani i k'a Dɔn ko Bɔgɔ bɛ Se ka Kɛ Asibiti ye:
4. I jɔ dondaw la i ka so da kɔfɛ (walima tile gɛlɛn dɔ kan da kɔnɔ dɔrɔn, i kana taama abada tapi walima tapiw kan).
5. Aw bɛ jifilen buteli walima papiye ɲiginnen kɛ walasa ka aw ka sanbaraw ni aw ka kɛnɛma finiw/finiw sisi dɔɔni dɔɔni walasa buguri jalen kana fiyɛ fiɲɛ na ni aw bɛ aw ka finiw bɔ (jilama damatɛmɛ).
6. Aw bɛ aw ka sanbaraw ni kɛnɛma finiw bɛɛ bɔ (ka finiw bɔ kɔnɔna na ka bɔ kɛnɛma sanni ka buguri bɛ finimugu dɔ sama ka ja aw ɲɛda kan), aw bɛ u bila o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ nɔgɔbɔlan plastiki gɛlɛn dɔ kɔnɔ, ka bɔrɔ datugu ni duct tape ye, ka o bɔrɔ bila bɔrɔsi sirilen filanan kɔnɔ, ka tila k’a sɛbɛn ko "HOLD FOR UTILITY ASBESTOS TESTING."
7. Aw bɛ dondaw duguma ko ni paper towels ɲiginnenw ye minnu bɛ kɛ siɲɛ kelen (aw kana a ko abada ni bɔrɔ jalen ye ani aw kana du kɔnɔ aspiratɛri kɛ abada, i n’a fɔ hali kunmabɔlan min tɛ ni sirilan ye min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don DOP-tested izini HEPA filɛri fiɲɛw bɛ kɛ mikroskɔpi ye 0.1-to-5-micron asibiti fiyɛw bɛ tɛmɛ fiɲɛbɔlan fɛ ka don aw ka so fiɲɛ kɔnɔ).
8. Aw bɛ aw sen don jisuma na ka aw kunsigi ni aw fari ko ka ɲɛ ni safinɛ ni jisuma ye.
9. Min bɛ kɛ i ka finiw, i ka mobili ani i ka so kɔnɔ min bɛ bɔrɔ kɔnɔ (Utility Liability):
10. O yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la, watara fiyɛli kɔfɛ, sigida dɔnnikɛlaw bɔra Municipal Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Jamana EPA, ani Steam Utility bɛ bɔgɔba ni dugukolo sanfɛla kocogo tan ni caman lajɛ fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔ fan bɛɛ la Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM) ani Elektrɔniki mikroskɔpi (TEM) sɛgɛsɛgɛli (min bɛ ta 12 to 24 hours).
11. Ni sɛgɛsɛgɛliw seginna Negatif (0% Asbestos, bi fibreglasi/mineral-wool pipe section): Aw bɛ se ka aw ka finiw ko ka bɔ bɔrɔ kɔnɔ lafiya la ani ka baara kɛcogo kɔrɔ daminɛ kokura.
12. Ni sɛgɛsɛgɛliw seginna ka na Positif (>= 1% Chrysotile or Amosite Asbestos): Waji baarada ye kɛmɛsarada la 100 sariya ni wariko ɲɛnabɔ ka Asibɛti dɔgɔyali baarakɛlaw ta minnu ka lakɔliso sɛbɛn bɛ u bolo walasa ka ji-ko ani HEPA-ka nbɛda bɛɛ, boon ɲɛfɛla, finɛtiri AC unit, ani so kɔnɔna na, fallout zone kɔnɔ, ka finiw, tapiw, ani fiɲɛdilan filɛri fililenw bɛɛ sara i ye, ani ka i ka lotɛli ni dumuniw sara fo fiɲɛbɔlan yɛrɛmahɔrɔnyalen dɔ ka seereya kɛ ka AHERA TEM sariya (< 70 structures/mm2).

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Sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ani dugubaw kɔnɔ dugujukɔrɔla fɛnsɔrɔsiraw¶

• Amerika ni Kanada:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 911 o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ni sigarɛtimin, sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ, walima sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ bɛ manhole datugulan, dugujukɔrɔ vault explosion, walima geyser min bɛ kɛ ni tansiyɔnba ye.
• New York dugu (Dugukolo jukɔrɔla Steam & Network Grid min ka bon diɲɛ kɔnɔ): Weele 911 (FDNY & . NYC OEM), Con Edison 24-Hour Steam & Electric Kɔrɔtɔko la 1-800-75-CONED (1-800-752-6633), ani ka ** lajɛ .311 / . nyc.gov/dep** (NYC sigida lakanani minisiriso) ka ɲɛsin asibiti tacogo dancɛw ma waati yɛrɛ la, watara kunba karilen kɔfɛ.
• Boston, Filadɛlifi, Baltimore, Denver, & Seattle: Aw ye wele bila 911 ka fara Vicinity Energy (a bɛ marabolo waji baara Boston, Filadɛlifi, ani Baltimore) walima Enwave (Seattle, Chicago, Toronto) ani i ka sigida kuran baarakɛyɔrɔ (Eversource, . PECO, . BGE, . Xcel, . ComEd, . Toronto Hydro).
• Fɛderasiyɔn ka Asbestos & HazMat ka kunnafonidi: U.S. EPA jamana ka jaabiw ɲɛmɔgɔso (NRC) la 1-800-424-8802 (rapɔɔri wajibiyalen don >= 1 pound / . 0.45 kg ka asibiti friable jukɔrɔ CERCLA 40 CFR Part 302).
• Royaume-Uni:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 999 ni siraba jɛgɛn-kɛsu binkanni fɛn o fɛn, sisi manhole, walima marabolo tasuma-fanga tiɲɛni, ani dial 105 ka se marabolo Kuran jɛnsɛnni rezo baarakɛla (UK Power Networks Lɔnduru dugu kɔnɔ).
• London Pavement Vaults & Asbestos: A bɛ labɛn Kɛnɛya ni Lakanali ɲɛmɔgɔ fɛ (HSE) ka kɛɲɛ ni Kuran lakanani, jogoɲumanya ani tɛmɛsira sariyaw san 2002 ani Asibɛti kɔlɔsili sariyasen 2012 kɔnɔ.
• Erɔpu jamanaw ka tɔnba:
• Kɔrɔtɔko cikan: Dial 112 UE jamanaw bɛɛ kɔnɔ.
• Pari (CPCU Réseau de vapeur à haute pression & . Enedis Vaults): Pari bɛ Erɔpu jamanaw ka dugukolo jukɔrɔla wajibɔlanba dɔ baara (Compagnie Parisienne de Chauffage Urbain / CPCU). A wele 18 walima 112 (Sapeurs-Pompiers de Pari) ani CPCU Kɔrɔtɔko Vapeur (01 44 68 68 20) walima ** .Enedis (09 72 67 50 75)**.
• Alemaɲi & Erɔpu Worodugu: Weele 112 (Feuerwehr) min bɛ kɛ dugujukɔrɔ kabali marayɔrɔ (Kabelschachtbrand) walima marabolo tasumabɔlan (Fernwärmeleitungsbruch, a ka c’a la, ji min bɛ sumaya kojugu ni degun ye, o bɛ kɛ 110 to 140 C) karilenw.
• Ɔsitarali, Zelande kura, ani Azi:
• Ɔsitarali & NZ: Dial 000 (Ausgrid 13 13 88 ka Sidney CBD / . CitiPower 13 12 80 ka Mɛlbourne CBD) walima 111 (Vector Auckland CBD kɔnɔ) dugujukɔrɔ dingɛ/vault tasumaw kama.
• Singapore, Hong Kong, & Tokyo: Aw bɛ se ka telefɔni ci 995 (SP Group 1800-778-8888 Singapuri jamana na), 999 (CLP / . HK Electric Hɔnkɔn jamana na), walima 119 (TEPCO Tokiyɔ dugu kɔnɔ).

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Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Mun na ne ka so kɔnɔ Carbone Monoxyde (CO) detektɛri fagara k’a sɔrɔ gazi tasumabɔlan walima foro tɛ ne ka so kɔnɔ, sisibɔyɔrɔ dɔrɔn de bɛ kɛnɛma nbɛda la?¶

Aw ka `CO` detektɛri ye i ka ɲɛnamaya kisi dɔrɔn. Ni dugujukɔrɔ kuran kabɔri tasuma donna nbɛda la manhole walima conduit banki kɔnɔ, lastikuw, poliyetilɛni ani papiye min falen bɛ tulu la, olu bɛ jeni, o bɛ toli ni oksizɛni kɔngɔ ye (pirolisi (pirolyse) bɛ sɔrɔ), ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan camanba lase Monoxyde de carbone saniyalen, kasa tɛ min na (`10,000 to 50,000+ ppm`) .. Ikomi dugujukɔrɔ kuran siraw bɛ bɔ nbɛda la, ka don i ka boon duguma baarakɛyɔrɔ la, degunba min bɛ o bɔgɔdaga jenilen kɔnɔ, o bɛ o Gazi Monokisidi gɛrɛntɛ ka ɲɛsin i ka so duguma ani ka wuli ka tɛmɛ alifanta jirisunw fɛ, ɛrɛzɛnsunw fɛ, ani radiyatɛri pipew gɛnni fɛ, k’a sɔrɔ dugukolo ni kuran kogow bɛ sisi ni kasa yelenw sama. Aw bɛ boon bɔ joona, aw bɛ wele `911`, ani k' a fɔ tasumafagalanw ye ko dugujukɔrɔ kuran fililen dɔ bɛ yen min bɛ ka gɛlɛya `CO` ka don aw ka boon kɔnɔ.

Ne bɛ se ka danfara don cogo di nɛnɛ waati nɛnɛba min tɛ kojugu ye, n’o bɛ wuli ka bɔ mansin kɔnɔ ani dugujukɔrɔ kabali tasuma walima wataraba bɔli faratilen cɛ?¶

Aw bɛ fɛn naani lajɛ ka bɔ yɔrɔ la min ka jan sirada la: (1) . Kulɛri ni Denso: Nɛnɛ waati lafiɲɛ min tɛ kojugu kɛ (sanji nɛnɛ bɛ pipe sumalen gosi) ye sisi finman finman,wispy, translucent min bɛ tunun a kɔnɔ `1 meter` (`3 feet`) ka bɔgɔdaga; an kuran mansin tasuma a bɛ fɛn girinmanw bɔ, minnu tɛ ye sisi jɛman, nɛrɛmuguma walima jɛman-bulu, k' a sɔrɔ a vapeur principal kari bɛ jet finman dɔ ci min bɛ mankanba bɔ, min bɛ degun, mɛtɛrɛ damadɔ fiɲɛ na. (2) . Kasa bɔ: Kuran kabɔri tasuma dɔ kasa ka bon kosɛbɛ gundo jenilen, plastiki wulilen, walima lastikuw sɔgɔlen. (3) . Mankan: Kuran bɔgɔdaga walima wajibɔlan min tiɲɛna, o bɛ mankanba bɔ `120-Hz` hum, crackling, banging, walima sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ/mankanba min bɛ kɛ ni degunba ye. (4) . Couverture Mouvement (Dɔgɔtɔrɔso Lamaga).: Ni nɛgɛdaga bɛ yɛrɛyɛrɛ, ka sɔgɔsɔgɔ, walima ni ji tobilen bɛ a da lamini, aw bɛ a bɔ `30+ meters` (`100+ feet`) ka wele `911` o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.

Ni watara pipe dɔ pɛrɛnna ne ka bloki kan, ka n ka mobili jɔlen datugu ni bɔgɔ jɛman ye, yala ne bɛ se ka n ka mobili boli ka taa walima ka taa n’a ye mobili ko yɔrɔ la wa?¶

Ayi, aw kana da wuli abada, ka fiɲɛdilan da, ka bolifɛn boli, walima ka mobili dɔ ta min falen bɛ bɔgɔ la jagokɛyɔrɔ kɔnɔ, duguba kɔnɔ wajibɔlan dɔ binkanni kɔfɛ fo sigida ɲɛmɔgɔw (`DEP` / . `EPA`) ka a jira ni asibiti bɛ bɔgɔ la. Ni ruptured steam main tun bɛ insulate ni sani 1980 ka se Kirizotili walima Amoziti Asibiti, ni i ye mobili da wuli, o bɛ fiɲɛ jalenw fili i sigilanw kan, ka dashboard fiyɛlan da, o bɛ asibiti buguri sama ka don kabini fiɲɛbɔlan ni evaporateur core kɔnɔ, ani ka mobili boli ka nɔgɔ faratilenw jɛnsɛn minnu labɛnna ka bɔ yɔrɔ funteni na. Aw bɛ mobili to a jɔlen bɛ kordɔn kɔnɔ : ni sɛgɛsɛgɛliw y’a jira ko asibiti bɛ yen, wazi baarakɛlaw ka kan ka aw ka mobili nɔgɔ bɔ (ani ka kabini filɛri bila a nɔ na walima ka a kɔnɔna bɔnɛ pewu ni finɛtiriw tun dabɔlen don) baarakɛyɔrɔ ka musakaw la.

Mun na mansinw ka bɔgɔbɔgɔli bɛ kɛ ka caya nɛnɛba laban na walima Zuluyekalo funteni waati?¶

Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran siraw bɛ tɔɔrɔ waati kɔnɔ degunba fila la: (1) . "Sira Kɔgɔjibɔ" (`February-March`) .: Ni dugubaw ye kuloridi sodiyɔmu sirakɔgɔ tɔni caman sɛnsɛn nɛnɛ kan, kɔgɔji min bɛ wuli, o bɛ bɔn ka tɛmɛ manbonw fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw fɛ ka don dugujukɔrɔla bɔgɔdagaw kɔnɔ ani ka kabali sɔgɔlenw kɔrɔlenw datugu. Kɔgɔji ye kuran-minɛn barikama ye min bɛ plɔmuw sɔgɔsɔgɔ ani ka kuran nɔfɛtaama farimanw daminɛ ani ka kuran wuli ka tɛmɛn insulasi tiɲɛnenw kan, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka "manhole waatiw" wuli nɛnɛ laban o nɛnɛ laban. (2) . Zuluyekalo funteni-yɔrɔba: Ni fiɲɛbɔlan miliyɔn caman bɛ boli waati kelen na k’a sɔrɔ asfalt funteniman bɛ dugukolo tobi sanfɛ, dugujukɔrɔ nɛgɛberew bɛ se `90+ degrees Celsius` (`195+ degrees Fahrenheit`), o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka funteni bonya, ka joli-sira-funu tiɲɛ, ani ka insulasi pirolisi.

Ni n ka so finɛtiriw tun datugulen don, wazi pipe dɔ bintɔ kɛnɛma, yala asibiti buguri tun bɛ se ka don ne ka so kɔnɔ hali bi wa?¶

Ni aw ka finɛtiriw tun datugulen don kosɛbɛ ani ni aw ma finɛtiri fiɲɛbɔlan boli "Fresh Air / Vent" sigicogo kan walima ka bɔgɔ nɔfɛtaama kɔnɔna na aw ka sanbaraw kan, a ka c’a la, aw ka so kɔnɔna bɛ lakana kosɛbɛ bawo watara-bɔn fɔlɔ min bɛ bɔ, o ye nɔgɔ ɲiginnen ye, nɔgɔ girinman min bɛ sigi kɛnɛma jirisunw ni sirada la. Nka, aw kana aw ka finɛtiriw da, aw kana maga aw ka kɛnɛma finɛtiriw da la walima ka u saniya, ani aw kana finɛtiri fiɲɛdilan da fo ka se minisiriso ma `DEP`/ .`EPA` bɛ laseli kɛ ni asibiti tun bɛ o fiɲɛbɔ in kɔnɔ. Ni asibiti tiɲɛna, utilité ka batement crew ka kan ka aw ka kɛnɛma finɛtiriw ko ni ji ye ani ka aw ka finɛtiri AC unit nɔgɔ walima ka a falen ni musaka zeru ye aw bolo.

Jɔn bɛ n ka lotɛli so sara, n ka fini tiɲɛnenw, ani jago tiɲɛni ni utilité manhole tasuma walima waji pipe fiyɛli ye mɔgɔ wajibiya ka bɔ yen tile caman kɔnɔ?¶

Fɔlɔ, asibiti baarakɛta dɔ senfɛ walima dugu ye min yamaruya ka bɔ mɔgɔw la ka bɔ sigida la, marabolo ka watara pipe karilen kɔfɛ, utilité (i n’a fɔ Con Edison min bɛ New York) ye... Kɔrɔtɔko ɲinini & Yɛlɛma yɔrɔ lotɛli walima lakɔliso dɔ la min bɛ u kɛrɛfɛ walasa ka lotɛli ka bonw di teliya la, ka dumuni kɛ don o don, ani ka finiw falenfalen wari di dugudenw ma minnu bɔra u ka yɔrɔw la. Filanan, i ka **Renters Insurance (`HO-4`), Asiransi kondo (`HO-6`), walima Sotigiw ka sariya (`HO-3`)** jukɔrɔ **"Baarakɛcogo bɔnɛ / Ɲɛnamaya musaka wɛrɛw (`ALE`) - Sivilɛ fanga bɛ baara bali"** kumasen: tuma o tuma ni Tasuma-fanga-kulu walima dugutigibulon dɔ ye yamaruya di ka bɔ i ka nbɛda la wajibiya la ka da farikolo tiɲɛni kan i kɛrɛfɛ utilité yɔrɔ dɔ la, i ka polisi ta `ALE` coverage bɛ i ka lotɛli, dumunikɛyɔrɔ dumuniw, ani sokɔnɔbaganw ladonni wari segin i ma o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la k’a sɔrɔ i ka asiransi bɛ ka a nɔ bila utilité la.

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Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Distrik ka watara pipe (waati pipe) binkanni, manhole tasuma, ani dugujukɔrɔ vault fiyɛ
• Voltage stray nɛgɛ sira lanpanw kan, sirada la manhole datugulanw, ani wulu taama shocks
• Gazi nafama kasa duman mɛrkaptan bɛ tunu, dugujukɔrɔ gazi kasa tɛ min na, o bɛ taa dugujukɔrɔyɔrɔw la, ani dan minnu bɛ se ka bɔn
• Transformateur kɛsu wuluwulu min bɛ pad kan, o bɛ kɛnɛba kɔnɔ, o bɛ mankan bɔ, ka tulu minɛnw bɔ, walima ka pɛrɛn
• Kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ka kɛɲɛ ni jamana ye

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Sosow ani ɲɛmɔgɔyaso ka bilasiralikan¶

• U.S. Baarakɛlaw ka lakana ni kɛnɛyako ɲɛmɔgɔso (OSHA) & Kuran ni Ɛntɛrinɛti Ɛntɛrinɛti Ɛntɛrinɛti kalanso (IEEE): ** .29 CFR § 1910.269(e) (Yɔrɔ datugulenw / Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran bɔgɔdaga ni manholes)** ani IEEE Baarakɛjɛkulu min bɛ rezo filananw ka bɔgɔdaga ni manhole ko kɛlenw kan (Pyrolyse of PILC/XLPE Cable Insulation, Carbon Monoxide Generation, and Vented Manhole Cover Mitigation).
• U.S. sigida lakanani baarada (EPA) & Niyɔriki dugu sigida lakanani minisiriso (NYC DEP): CERCLA ka fɛn faratilenw bɔli kunnafoni (40 CFR Part 302, . 1-lb Hakɛ min bɛ se ka fɔ Asibiti Friable), NESHAP Asbestos Standard (40 CFR Part 61 Subpart M), ani NYC DEP Title 15 Sapitiri 1 (Asibɛti ko kɛlenw jateminɛni kɔrɔtɔlen, nɔgɔ bɔli jilama, ani AHERA < 70 s/mm2 TEM fiɲɛbɔlanw).
• Niyɔriki dugu tasuma-fanga-kulu (FDNY) & Jamana tasuma lakanani tɔnba (NFPA): FDNY Dugukolo jukɔrɔ kuran Manhole / Transformer Vault Tasuma ni Basement Carbon Monoxide Migration Tactical Operating Procedures ani High-Pressure District Steam Main Rupture Response.
• Jamana ka baarakɛlaw ka lakana ni kɛnɛyako baarada (NIOSH / . CDC, Etazuni): Fara bɛ mɔgɔ ka ɲɛnamaya walima kɛnɛyako la o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ (IDLH) Gazi monokisidi hakɛ jateminɛcogo ( .1,200 ppm) ani Asibiti Fiyɛri Nɔgɔbɔli.
• Kɛnɛya ni Lakanali ɲɛmɔgɔba (HSE, Angletɛri): HSG47 (Ka i yɛrɛ tanga farati ma min bɛ bɔ dugujukɔrɔla baarakɛlaw la), ESQCR 2002 (Dugukolo jukɔrɔla jɛgɛn kɛsu ni siraba kan bɔgɔdaga binkanniw), ani Asibɛti kɔlɔsili sariyaw 2012.