Nɛnɛ waati kɛnɛyako kɔrɔtɔlenw: ji nɛnɛ, ka tunun nɛnɛ na, ka fin, ani ka to funteni na fo ka se kisi ma¶

Tilemana kɛnɛma ka di ani a tɛ yafa. Ni i binna kɔji jikuruw fɛ, ni barika ye ka fin kulu dɔ kan, ka sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔ kɛ nɛnɛba dɔ kan walima ka wuli cogo jugu la wula fɛ, o bɛ se ka kɛ mɔgɔ ka ɲɛnamaya bila farati la lɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ, bawo nɛnɛ bɛ fanga, kiritigɛ ani funteni bɔ i la siɲɛ kelen. Mɔgɔ fanba minnu bɛ kisi nɛnɛ kɔrɔtɔlenw ma, olu bɛ fɛn saba kɛ ka ɲɛ: u bɛ jɔ ka miiri sani u ka wale kɛ, u b’u yɛrɛ tanga nɛnɛ ni fiɲɛ ma, wa u bɛ a nɔgɔya kisibagaw bolo k’u sɔrɔ.

Nin gafe in bɛ kuma ji nɛnɛma sudonni kan, ka tunun nɛnɛ na, ka taama finman kɔnɔ, sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔ ni ski kasaara, ka sigiyɔrɔ jɔ ani ka taamasiyɛnw di, ka to funteni na fo kisi ka se, ani labɛnni min bɛ nin bɛɛ nɔgɔya. A bɛ dɔ fara a kan kungo kɔnɔ funteni dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛ, . ka bin jikuruw fɛ ani tununna ka taa taama na walima ka kanpaɲi kɛ.

Aw bɛ nin kɛ sisan¶

1. Aw bɛ lamaga dabila ni aw tununna, ni aw hakili ɲagamina walima ni aw bɛ fini jɛman dɔ la. Aw kana to ka taama ni jigiya ye ko aw bɛna sira sɔrɔ. Aw bɛ sigi aw ka pake kan walima insulating layer kan, ka bɔ fiɲɛ na.
2. Aw bɛ aw ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele (911 Ameriki ani Kanada, 112 Erɔpu tɔnba bɛɛ kɔnɔ, 999 Angletɛri jamana na) ni taamasiyɛn bɛ aw bolo, walima aw bɛ ci bila ni sateliti ciden ye walima ni mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ɲininikɛlan ye. Tuma dɔw la, sms bɛ tɛmɛ ni kumakan weleli tɛ tɛmɛ. Ka ye kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw jamana wɛrɛw ta fan fɛ.
3. Aw bɛ fɛn jalen bɛɛ don aw bolo, i n’a fɔ fini, ganw ani fiɲɛbɔlan. Aw bɛ bɔ fiɲɛ na ka bɔ nɛnɛ na, ka aw yɛrɛ tanga duguma.
4. Ni aw binna ji nɛnɛ na, aw bɛ nin wale ninnu kɛ ji nɛnɛ yɔrɔ la min bɛ duguma: aw bɛ aw ninakili kɔlɔsi, ka aw kunkolo to a sanfɛ, ka bɔ ka a sumaya joona i seko la.
5. Aw bɛ fɛn sumalen ni dumuni duman dun ka min ni o bɛ aw bolo. Aw farikolo bɛ dumuni jeni walasa ka funteni kɛ.
6. Aw ye aw yɛrɛ sɔrɔ nɔgɔya la: aw ka to yɔrɔ kelen na, ka fiyɛli kɛ, ka fɛn jɛlenw bila kɛnɛ kan, ani ka aw ka telefɔni sumaya ani ka wuli ka taa fanga dɔgɔya cogo la.

Ji nɛnɛma su ji la¶

Cold water kills in stages, and the first stage is not hypothermia. The sudden shock of cold water causes an involuntary gasp and fast breathing, which can lead to drowning in the first minute. The widely taught "1-10-1" rule from Canadian water safety groups gives a good picture of how events unfold in water around 10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit) or colder.

Times vary with water temperature, clothing, body size and fitness, so treat them as a guide and not a guarantee. People have survived much longer in cold water, and others have died in less. A lifejacket greatly improves your chances, because it keeps you afloat when your muscles stop working.

If you fall through ice¶

1. Do not panic. Expect the gasp reflex, and control your breathing by staying calm for the first minute.
2. Turn toward the direction you came from, since that ice held you before.
3. Place your forearms on the unbroken ice and kick your legs to bring your body flat to the surface.
4. Kick as if swimming, and drag yourself out onto the ice with your arms, then roll away from the hole. Do not stand up until you are well away from the broken area.
5. Crawl or roll back to shore along the path you came from.
6. Get to shelter and start warming up, even if you feel fine, because cold continues to drain your body heat.

For ice safety, rescue techniques and ice thickness guidance, read ka bin jikuruw fɛ. Ice thickness is never certain. Many agencies advise at least 10 centimeters (4 inches) of clear, hard ice for walking, but rivers, springs, currents and snow cover can make ice weak in places, so check with local authorities and avoid ice you do not know.

If you cannot get out¶

Stay still in the HELP position (Heat Escape Lessening Posture) if you have a lifejacket: hold your knees to your chest and your arms tight against your sides. This keeps heat in the core. If you are with others, huddle together. Do not swim long distances, because swimming speeds heat loss. Swim only if a boat, shore or a floating object is close.

Rescuing someone else¶

Do not run onto the ice. Call your local emergency number first. Then, if it is safe, reach with a long object such as a ladder, branch or rope from solid ground, or throw a rope, ring buoy or something that floats. Keep yourself low and spread out on the ice if you must go on it, with something to spread your weight. Many rescuers become victims, so do not put yourself at risk.

After you are out of the water¶

1. Get out of the wind and into shelter, a car, a building or a tent.
2. Remove wet clothing, which takes heat from your body, and replace it with dry layers. If you have no dry clothes, wring out wet items and wrap yourself in a blanket, space blanket or sleeping bag.
3. Wrap the body, head and neck, and insulate from the ground.
4. Give warm, sweet drinks if the person is awake and can swallow. Avoid alcohol and caffeine.
5. Handle the person gently. Rough movement can trigger heart rhythm problems in a very cold person.
6. Call your local emergency number for anyone who has been immersed, even if they seem fine. Water in the lungs and a falling temperature can show up later.

For full steps, see farigan dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛba. If the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally, start CPR and continue until help arrives. Cold victims can recover after a long time without a pulse, so do not stop early. See CPR (CPR) ye.

Snowmobiles, ATVs and vehicles on ice¶

Vehicles break through ice far more easily than people. If you ride or drive on frozen lakes, check ice thickness and conditions locally, wear a flotation suit, carry ice picks around your neck, and avoid riding at night. For what to do after a breakthrough, see snowmobile or ATV broken through lake ice. For boats and open water in winter, read boating capsizing and cold water survival.

Ka tunun nɛnɛ kɔnɔ¶

Nɛnɛ bɛ siraw dogo, ka dugukolo taamasiyɛnw kɛ fla ye ani ka sennasanbaraw datugu, wa nɛnɛ tile surunw tɛ waati dɔɔnin to ka fili dɔ latilen. Nɛnɛ ni sɛgɛn fana bɛ dɔ bɔ miirili jɛlen na. O laɲini ye k’an yɛrɛ tanga kow juguya ma.

Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni STOP fɛɛrɛ ye¶

• A dabila. Aw kana fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛ tigɛ. Aw bɛ aw sigi, ka minni kɛ, ka dumuni kɛ ani ka ninakili.
• Miiri. I ye i jɔyɔrɔ dɔn laban na min? A bɛ waati joli bɔ? Tile yeelen, dumuni, ji ani fini joli bɛ i bolo? Jɔn b’i ka laɲini dɔn?
• Aw ye kɔlɔsili kɛ. Aw ye waati, dugukolo, fiɲɛ ani aw ka batiri lajɛ. Aw ye aw ka karti, GPS ani telefɔni lajɛ. Aw ye dogoyɔrɔ o yɔrɔ kɔlɔsi min bɛ aw kɛrɛfɛ.
• Labɛn. Aw ye a latigɛ ni aw bɛna to walima ni aw bɛ taa, ani aw ka kan ka min kɛ fɔlɔ. Ni siga bɛ i la, i ka to i ka baara la.

To yen walima ka taa¶

Ɲini ni kisi jɛkulu fanba bɛ mɔgɔ tununnenw laadi u ka to yɔrɔ kelen na fo n’u bɛ farati la walima n’u b’a dɔn tigitigi u bɛ se ka se yɔrɔ lakananen na cogo min na. Mɔgɔ jɔlen sɔrɔli ka nɔgɔn, wa a tɛ fanga dɔgɔya. Aw bɛ taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ dɔrɔn ni:

• I b’a dɔn ni dannaya ye ko yɔrɔ lakananen min ka surun i la, wa i bɛ se ka se o yɔrɔ la waati ɲuman na ani cogo la min tɛ mɔgɔ tɔɔrɔ.
• Aw ka yɔrɔ min bɛ aw bolo sisan, o tɛ lakana ye, misali la, jikuruba sira fɛ, jirisunba jukɔrɔ, jikuru finmanw kan walima sanjiba yɔrɔ la.
• I ka kan ka yɔrɔ dɔɔnin kɛ walasa ka se ka dogoyɔrɔ sɔrɔ fiɲɛ ma walima ka yɔrɔ dafalen sɔrɔ taamasiyɛnw kama.

N’aw bɛ taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛ, aw bɛ aw ka sira taamasiyɛn ni berew, faraw walima fɛn kulɛri jɛmanw ye walasa aw ka se ka segin, ani ka sɛbɛn dɔ to yen ni aw bɛ bɔ mobili kɔnɔ. Aw bɛ tugu aw ​​yɛrɛ ka taamasiyɛnw kɔ ka segin tuma min na aw bɛ se k’u ye. Aw kana tugu baji walima jirisunba dɔ kɔ fo n’aw b’a dɔn a bɛ taa yɔrɔ min na, ani aw kana aw yɛrɛ tanga jirisunw ni kɔriw ma minnu tɛ ye kosɛbɛ.

Ni telefɔni coverage bɛ aw bolo¶

Aw bɛ aw ka sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔ wele walima ka sms ci, aw ka aw sigiyɔrɔ fɔ ka ɲɛ, ani k’a fɔ ko aw tununna nɛnɛ na. Aw ka koordinatɛriw tila ɲɔgɔn na ni aw ka telefɔni bɛ se k’u jira, ani ka telefɔni gɛrɛ aw fari la walasa a ka sumaya, bawo batiriw bɛ sa joona nɛnɛ na. Cikan surunw ci sanni i ka weleli janw kɛ. Ekran yeelen dɔgɔya, ka porogaramu wɛrɛw datugu ani ka baara kɛ ni awiyɔn cogoya ye cikanw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ n’i b’a fɛ ka fanga mara. Jamana dɔw la, i bɛ se ka kɔrɔtɔko sɛbɛn ci. N’i ​​bɛ i yɛrɛ ka yɔrɔ ɲinilan walima sateliti ciden ta, i k’a baara ani k’a bila kɛnɛ kan ni sankolo yecogo jɛlen ye.

Whiteout ani yecogo jugu¶

Fɛnɲɛnɛma bɛ kɛ ni nɛnɛ fiyɛ walima ni nɛnɛ bɛ bin ani yeelen fla bɛ dunuya ni danfara bɔ. Mɔgɔw ​​tɛ sanfɛla ni duguma dɔnniya bɔ, wa u bɛ taama ka kɛ sɛrɛkiliw ye walima ka bɔ jiginɛ dɔ la.

What to do¶

1. Aw bɛ jɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ni aw tɛ se ka aw senw ye, ni aw bɛ sanfɛla ye walima ni aw ɲɛfɛ mɔgɔ ye. Aw kana taa yɔrɔ la aw tɛ se ka min ye.
2. Aw ka to ɲɔgɔn fɛ. Aw bɛ juru siri walima ka to ka maga kulu la ni banaw ka jugu, ani ka kunkolow jate tuma caman.
3. Aw bɛ layɛrɛw ni ɲɛda datugulan dɔ don a la. Aw bɛ aw dogo fiɲɛ ma fara, jiri walima bɔgɔdaga kɔfɛ nɛnɛ na.
4. Baara kɛ ni i ka karti, boussole ani GPS ye walasa k’a lajɛ i bɛ yɔrɔ min na, wa i kana da i ka sira dɔnni na ni finman ye. Mɔgɔw ​​bɛ taama kurukuruw kɔnɔ k’a sɔrɔ u m’a dɔn.
5. Ni aw ka kan ka wuli, aw bɛ layini lakananen dɔ sugandi, ka taa dɔɔni dɔɔni, ka dugukolo sɛgɛsɛgɛ aw ɲɛfɛ ni bere walima ski bere ye. Aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ tanga jirisunw, dakunw ani ji dafalenw ma.
6. Aw bɛ tugu aw ​​ka siraw kɔ ka segin ni u bɛ ye hali bi ani ni sira lakananen don, walima aw bɛ lafiɲɛbɔ makɔnɔ waati kɔnɔ.
7. Aw kana bɔ kulu kɔnɔ walima ka mɔgɔ kelen bila ɲɛfɛ ka taa skɔti kɛ a kelen na.

Walasa ka bolifɛn boli sanfiɲɛba ni nɛnɛ fiyɛli la, aw ye kalan kɛ dugukolo kan sanfiɲɛba, nɛnɛ fiyɛli ka fin ani dogoyɔrɔ juru sirilanw. Ni aw bɛ mobili kɔnɔ, aw ka to mobili la, ka a lajɛ mobili tiɲɛni.

Snow fiyentɔya¶

Nɛnɛba bɛ se ka ɲɛw jeni lɛrɛ damadɔ kɔnɔ, hali sankaba donw na. Aw bɛ tile ɲɛkisɛw walima ɲɛkisɛw don minnu bɛ UV lakanani dafalen kɛ. Ni yeli bɛ kɛ ka ɲɛ ani ni ɲɛw bɛ i n’a fɔ u bɛ sɔgɔsɔgɔ, aw bɛ u datugu ni fini ɲiginnen ye ka u lafiɲɛ dibi la. Ka ye nɛnɛ fiyentɔya.

Sledding ni ski kasaara minnu bɛ kɛ¶

Sleding, ski ani snowboarding bɛ mɔgɔ ba caman jogin nɛnɛ o nɛnɛ, u fanba bɛ bɔ bin ni ɲɔgɔn gosi la. Kungolo joginw ni kɔkolo joginw de ka jugu kosɛbɛ. Denmisɛnw ni daminɛbagaw farati ka bon, wa, nɛgɛso boli siraw kan, jiriw kɛrɛfɛ walima nɛnɛba kan, o farati ka bon kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la.

Joginw kunbɛnni¶

• Aw bɛ kasɛti don min dilannen don nɛnɛ farikoloɲɛnajɛ kama ni aw bɛ ski, snowboard walima sled. Bisikili ka kasɛtiw tɛ o fɛn kelenw datugu.
• Aw bɛ aw senw sigi walima ka aw da fɔlɔ sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔlanw kan, ani aw kana jigin ni aw kunkolo ye.
• Aw bɛ kuluw sugandi minnu bolicogo jɛlen don, minnu bɛ bɔ nɔgɔya la, wa jiriw, faraw, kogow, siraw, ji walima mobili jɔlenw tɛ yen.
• Aw bɛ aw yɛrɛ tanga kuluw ma minnu falen bɛ nɛnɛ na walima minnu falen bɛ mɔgɔw la ani aw kana sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔ kɛ su fɛ ni yeelen tɛ.
• Aw bɛ aw yɔrɔ janya mɔgɔ wɛrɛw la ani ka a lajɛ sani aw ka a daminɛ.
• Aw kana sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔlanw sama bolifɛnw kɔfɛ.
• Baara kɛcogo bɛn i ka seko ma, ani ka kalanw ta.
• Aw ye cogoyaw lajɛ ani lasɔmini fɛn o fɛn bɛ kɛ kuluw kɔnɔ, n’o ye jikuruw ye. N’i ​​b’a fɛ ka sira taamasiyɛnlenw bila, i ka degeliw ni minɛn ɲumanw ta, ani ka taama ni taamaɲɔgɔn degelenw ye.

A binna kɔfɛ¶

1. I jɔ ka o yɔrɔ lajɛ. Aw ye aw jija aw ni mɔgɔ joginlen tɛ mɔgɔ wɛrɛw ka sira kan, ani ka o yɔrɔ taamasiyɛn ni ski walima sɛgɛnlafiɲɛbɔlanw tigɛli ye ka wuli ka taa a tigi kan.
2. Call for help from ski patrol or your local emergency number. Give the exact location.
3. Aw kana mɔgɔ si lamaga ni kunkolo, kɔ walima kɔ jogin bɛ se ka kɛ a la. Aw bɛ a tigi to a jɔlen na ani a ka sumaya, ka a kunkolo dɛmɛ a jɔyɔrɔ la min sɔrɔla. Ka ye kɔkolo joginw.
4. Aw bɛ ninakili lajɛ ani ka CPR daminɛ ni a tigi tɛ jaabi di ani ni a tɛ ninakili ka ɲɛ.
5. Aw bɛ joli bɔli kunbɛn ni degunba ye, ani ka kirinni furakɛ ni aw ye a tigi sumaya ani ka a da.
6. Aw bɛ a tigi tanga nɛnɛ ma ni pake ye, ni finimugu walima sunɔgɔlan ye, ka a kunkolo ni a kɔ datugu.
7. Aw bɛ a tigi kɔlɔsi ni kunkolo jogin taamasiɲɛw tɛ a la, i n’a fɔ hakili ɲagami, fɔɔnɔ, sunɔgɔbaliya walima kungolodimi min bɛ ka juguya. Ka ye kunkolo joginw.
8. Aw bɛ kolo karilenw furakɛ ni sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ ye yɔrɔ la min bɛ sɔrɔ waati min na aw ka kan ka waati jan makɔnɔ. Ka ye kolo karilenw ni kurukuruw.

Walasa ka kunnafoni wɛrɛw sɔrɔ kulusi joginw kan ani u ka kan ka min kɛ, aw ye sɛbɛn ɲɛ lajɛ ski, snowboard ani kasaara minnu bɛ kɛ kuluw kan. Walasa ka farati kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔn min bɛ i kunkolo bin nɛnɛ na jiriw lamini na, aw ye kalan kɛ jiri kɔlɔnw su ji la ani nɛnɛ jugumanba sɔgɔli.

Avalanche dugukolo kan¶

Jikuruw bɛ mɔgɔw faga minnu bɛ taa kɔkan yɔrɔw la minnu ka jan, k’a sɔrɔ u ma dege. Ni aw bɔra yɔrɔw la minnu bɛ kɔrɔsi, aw bɛ sigida ka jikuruw kofɔlenw lajɛ, ka sira dɔ ta, ka transceiver, sonda ani sosɛti ta, ani ka baara kɛcogo dɔn n’u ye. Ni i taamaɲɔgɔn dɔ su donna, i bɛ wuli ka taa ɲinini cogo la ka ɲinini daminɛ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ, bawo mɔgɔ kisicogo bɛ dɔgɔya joona miniti 15 fɔlɔ kɔnɔ. Nin gafe in tɛ avalanche degeliw bila a nɔ na.

Aw bɛ aw dogo ani ka to aw fari la fo ka se kisi ma¶

When rescue will not come for hours, shelter becomes your first priority. It stops wind, keeps you dry and reduces heat loss. Do this before you are exhausted, and before dark.

Choose a location¶

• Pick a spot out of the wind, away from avalanche slopes, cornices, cliffs, flood zones, and dead or heavy laden trees.
• Look for natural windbreaks such as a large rock, dense evergreen trees, a hollow or a drift. Avoid tree wells, which are dangerous pits around trunks.
• Stay visible if you want to be found, for example at the edge of an open area rather than deep in the woods.

Build a quick shelter¶

1. Insulate from the ground first. Snow and cold ground take heat faster than air. Sit or lie on your pack, foam pad, spare clothes, a layer of evergreen branches or any dry material.
2. Make a windbreak. Use your tent, a tarp, a space blanket or a wall of snow blocks. Even a simple wall helps.
3. Dig a snow trench. In deep snow, dig a trench slightly longer than your body, cover it with a tarp or branches, and pile snow on top. Leave a vent.
4. Build a snow cave only if you have training. It takes hours and wet clothing, and you must keep a ventilation hole open and the entrance below the sleeping platform. Do not seal yourself in.
5. Use a bivouac sack or emergency blanket. A bivy bag keeps wind and moisture out. A space blanket reflects some heat but works best inside a bag or under a jacket.
6. Share heat. Sit close with others, back to back or side by side, with the smallest person in the middle.

Stay warm¶

• Wear layers: a wicking base, an insulating mid layer and a windproof, waterproof shell. Wool and synthetic fabrics stay warm when damp, while cotton does not.
• Keep your head, neck, hands and feet covered. Put on dry socks and keep your boots loose so circulation is not blocked.
• Avoid sweating. Take off a layer before you start working hard, and put it back when you stop.
• Eat small snacks often, especially fats and sugars. Drink warm liquids when possible, and drink water even if you are not thirsty.
• Do not eat snow when you are cold. It lowers body temperature. Melt it first in a container using a stove, or under your clothing in a sealed bottle if you have no stove.
• Avoid alcohol and tobacco. Alcohol widens blood vessels and speeds heat loss.
• Move your arms and legs and tense your muscles in short bursts to generate heat. Do not exercise to exhaustion.
• Keep dry. Brush off snow, and dry gloves or socks near your body.
• Use heat packs inside clothing near the core, not directly against skin.

Fire¶

If you have a lighter, matches and dry material, a fire gives warmth, a signal and a morale boost. Build it on a platform of green logs or rocks over snow, keep it small and sheltered, and keep it away from your shelter and tree branches that drop snow. Never burn a fire inside an enclosed snow cave without ventilation, and never use a stove inside a closed tent. See gazi monoksidi.

Siginiden minnu bɛ kɛ walasa ka mɔgɔ kisi¶

Sariya saba ye diɲɛ jamanaw ka tɔɔrɔ cogoya ye: fiyɛli saba, kule saba, tasuma saba walima fiɲɛ saba. Baara kɛ n’a ye, o kɔ, i ka jaabi lamɛn, o bɛ se ka kɛ taamasyɛn fila ye.

Nɛnɛ joginw dɔnni¶

Aw bɛ to ka aw yɛrɛ ni aw taamaɲɔgɔnw lajɛ. Farigan bɛ hakilijagabɔ tiɲɛ, o la sunɔgɔla walima mɔgɔ hakili ɲagaminen tɛ se k’a dɔn ko gɛlɛya bɛ u la.

Ka ye farigan dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛba ani kungo kɔnɔ funteni dɔgɔyali ni nɛnɛ furakɛli fɛɛrɛw kama. Aw kana fari min nɛnɛnen don, aw kana funteni tilennen kɛ, ani aw kana a to sen min nɛnɛna ka funfun ni aw ka kan ka taama a kan ani ni aw bɛ farati la ka nɛnɛ kokura.

Desizɔn bɛ woyo ni fɛn dɔ ma ɲɛ kɛnɛma¶

flowchart TD
    A["Tilemana kɔrɔtɔko kɛnɛma"] --> B{"Ji la walima jikuru karilenw kan?"}
    B -->|"Ɔwɔ"| C["Control breathing, float, kick to the ice edge<br/>and get out then warm up"]
    B -->|"Ayi"| D{"Injured or unable to walk?"}
    D -->|"Ɔwɔ"| E["Call for help, insulate the person<br/>and keep them still"]
    D -->|"Ayi"| F{"Lost or in a whiteout?"}
    F -->|"Ɔwɔ"| G["Stop, think, observe and plan<br/>stay put unless unsafe"]
    F -->|"Ayi"| H["Check weather and daylight<br/>and head back early"]
    C --> I["Shelter, dry layers, warm drinks"]
    E --> I
    G --> I
    I --> J["Signal with a whistle, light and bright gear"]
    J --> K["Conserve energy and heat<br/>and wait for rescue"]

Preparing before you go¶

The best winter emergency is the one that never happens. Preparation costs little and makes everything above easier.

Plan and tell someone¶

• Check the weather forecast, avalanche bulletin, ice reports and daylight hours. Turn back when conditions change.
• Leave a trip plan with someone reliable: route, group size, vehicle description, expected return time and what to do if you are late.
• Travel with others where possible, and keep the group together.
• Choose routes that match the least experienced person's ability.
• Start early, set a turn around time and keep to it.

Carry the essentials¶

• Map, compass and a charged GPS or phone with offline maps. See offline smartphone survival if you want a phone based option.
• Extra insulating layers, a hat, gloves, and a waterproof shell
• Emergency shelter, such as a bivy sack or large heavy duty bag, and a foam pad
• Headlamp with spare batteries
• Whistle, mirror and a personal locator beacon or satellite messenger for remote areas
• Food and a hot drink in an insulated bottle, with more than you expect to need
• Fire starters, a lighter and waterproof matches
• First aid kit with a space blanket and heat packs. See first aid kit.
• Knife or multitool, and repair items
• Sun protection and goggles
• Ice picks or rescue spikes if you travel on frozen water

Keep spare batteries and your phone inside a warm pocket. Lithium batteries last longer in cold than alkaline cells. Store essentials in a pack that you carry, and not in the car.

Aw bɛ gear ni taama in bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma¶

For vehicle travel, keep a winter kit in the car. See vehicle winter blizzard survival kit ani mobili kɔrɔtɔko minɛn. For going out on foot, a day pack with the items above takes only a few minutes to prepare.

Checklist before a winter outing¶

• I checked weather, ice and avalanche information.
• Someone has my plan and return time.
• I carry map, compass and a charged phone, plus a power bank.
• I have extra layers, hat, gloves, and a shell, plus an emergency shelter.
• I have food, a hot drink, a whistle and a headlamp.
• I have a lighter and fire starters.
• I wear a helmet for snow sports, and ice picks if I will cross ice.
• I know how to treat hypothermia and frostbite.

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

What should I do first if I fall into freezing water?¶

Keep calm and control your breathing for the first minute, because cold shock causes gasping that can lead to drowning. Keep your head above water, turn toward where you came from, place your arms on the ice and kick to pull yourself flat onto the surface, then roll away from the hole. Get warm quickly and call your local emergency number even if you feel fine.

Should I stay put or keep walking if I am lost in snow?¶

Stay put in most cases, since a person who stays in one place is easier to find and loses less energy and heat. Move only if you know for certain where safety is, if your position is dangerous, or to get out of the wind. Make a shelter, insulate yourself from the ground, and signal with a whistle, bright items and your phone.

How do I stay warm until rescuers arrive?¶

Put on dry layers, cover your head, hands and feet, insulate from the snow, and get out of the wind. Eat small snacks often and drink warm fluids, avoid sweating and alcohol, and huddle with others if you can. Keep moving your arms and legs in short bursts, and keep your phone warm so that it works.

What are the warning signs of a serious sledding or skiing injury?¶

Treat any head strike with loss of consciousness, confusion, vomiting, severe headache, neck or back pain, numbness or weakness, or a bent limb as serious. Keep the person still and warm and call ski patrol or your local emergency number. Do not move someone with a possible spinal injury unless they are in immediate danger.

Sosow sɛgɛsɛgɛra¶

This guide was checked against the National Weather Service (United States) winter weather and wind chill pages, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (United States) guidance on hypothermia and frostbite, the National Park Service (United States) winter safety advice, the American Red Cross winter safety and first aid pages, the Canadian Red Cross and the Lifesaving Society of Canada cold water guidance, the Royal National Lifeboat Institution (United Kingdom) cold water shock advice, the National Health Service (United Kingdom) hypothermia page, the Met Office (United Kingdom) winter weather advice, Mountain Rescue England and Wales guidance on lost and stranded walkers, and Health Canada winter safety pages. Where agencies differ on times or distances, the more cautious figures are used.

Aw ye dɛmɛ fɔlɔ dege¶

A hands-on first aid course gives you the practice that makes a real difference in the cold, when fingers are numb and thinking is slow. The Red Cross, St John Ambulance and local providers teach wilderness first aid, CPR and hypothermia care. Take a course before winter and bring a friend.

Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Kungo kɔnɔ farigan ni farigan
• Ka bin jikuruw cɛma
• A tununna k’a to taama na walima ka kɛ kanpaɲi na
• Furakɛcogo jugumanba ni nɛnɛba
• Skiing, snowboarding and slope accidents