Tobili kɛli lafiya la so kɔnɔ Grid-Down Blackout waati: Butane Single-Burners ni Alcohol Chafing Cans, Carbon Monoxide PPM Math, ani Thermos Thermal Cooking¶

Tilemana sanfiɲɛba bɛɛ, sanfiɲɛba, ani kuran sira tiɲɛni tile caman kɔnɔ, o bɛ kɛ sababu ye ka sigidamɔgɔw ka saya ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso ladonni camanba lawuli minnu bɛ se ka bali, n’o bɛ sɔrɔ monokisizɛni jugumanba fɛ (CO) baga ani tasuma minnu bɛ bɔ so kɔnɔ ni denbayaw nana ni kɛnɛma kanpaɲi tasumabɔlanw ye, charbon hibachi griliw, walima propane tasumabɔlanw fiɲɛbɔlanw na, fiɲɛ tɛ minnu na. A kasa tɛ, a kulɛri tɛ, wa a tɛ nugu ni dawolo dimi pewu, gazi monokisidi bɛ siri hadamaden ka ɛmoɲini na ni 200 to 250 times affinité ka bon ka tɛmɛ oksizɛni kan (forming carboxyhemoglobin [COHb]), ka denbaya bɛɛ bila kɔma la k’a sɔrɔ u bɛ ji tobi kafe walima dumuni jalenw kama. Nka, k’a dɔn fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ni jenifɛnw jɔcogo minnu bɛ ɛnjiniyɛriw ni seereyaw sɔrɔ (ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 / UL 147B) ka ɲɛsin so kɔnɔ jagokɛyɔrɔw ma ani dumunikɛyɔrɔ tabali kɛrɛfɛ, kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnenya la jenifɛn kelen 227-gram (8-ounce) kasɛti butane tasumabɔlanw ni degunba dabila lakanani ɲɛmɔgɔw ani etanɔli jelilen / dietilɛni gilikɔli jilama (DEG) bufe chafing sɛnɛfɛnw bidonw ( .Sterno), faralen ɲɔgɔn kan ni finɛtiri tigɛli wajibiyalen ye (CO PPM so-volume math), a digital low-level ye CO monitor (displaying down to 10 ppm), ani Vacuum Thermos Tobili min bɛ kɛ ni funteni ye (retained-heat simmering that cuts active stove burn time by 80%), o b’a to aw bɛ se ka ji tobi, ka dumuni funtenimaw labɛn, ani ka denmisɛnninw ka dumunifɛnw sterilize ka ɲɛ so kɔnɔ walima so kɔnɔ tile 14 kɔnɔna na. Ni mɔgɔ o mɔgɔ ye kungolodimi, ɲɛnamini, kɔnɔboli walima hakiliɲagami sɔrɔ aw ka so kɔnɔ tobili kɛtuma na dibi dontuma na, aw bɛ bɛɛ bila kɛnɛma fiɲɛ duman kɔnɔ joona, aw bɛ aw ka sigida wele kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw, ani ka an ka ɲɛjirabagaw lajɛ gazi monoksidi ni sisi fiyɛli dɛmɛ fɔlɔ, . tobili kɔrɔtɔlen so kɔnɔ ni kuran tɛ, ani jenitɛri lakanani ani gazi monoksidi.

Nin labɛncogo gafe in bɛ jeninida chimie tigitigi, funteni bɔli (BTU/hr ani Watts), ani gazi monokisidi bɔli hakɛ so kɔnɔ butane kasɛti kelen jenifɛnw, etanɔli/DEG chafing sɛnɛfɛnw bidonw, ani LiFePO4 kuran-sɛnɛyɔrɔ kuran-minɛn minnu bɛ se ka ta ka taa yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la ka ɲɛsin kɛnɛma fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ma minnu dagalen don kosɛbɛ (charcoal briquettes, white gas / Coleman naphtha, kerosene, and high-output outdoor propane camp stoves), a bɛ taama cuisini datugulen kɔnɔ fiɲɛ-volume ani CO yɔrɔw-miliyɔn kelen (PPM) accumulation math, ani ka Vacuum Thermos / Wonderbag Retained-Heat Cooking Technique kalan min bɛ tiga jalen, woso, lenburuba, pasta, ani shɔ tobi ka dafa ni miniti 2 fo miniti 3 dɔrɔn ye tulu jeni.

Aw bɛ nin kɛ sisan¶

1. AW kana na ni charbon gril ye abada (hibachi, kettle, or ceramic smoker), jiriforo, kɛnɛma propane kanpaɲi min bɛ jeni caman kɛ, gazi finman (Coleman fuel) tasumabɔlan, walima kerozɛni tasumabɔlan so kɔnɔ, garazi kɔnɔ, walima ka bila barada datugulen dɔ kan. Brikɛti charbon manamanananw bɛ bɔ 10,000 to 30,000+ ppm ka ɲɛsin gazi monokisidi fagalen ma (CO) ( ) .up to 100 to 200 times more CO than a clean blue butane or alcohol flame), ka dumunikɛyɔrɔ walima soba dɔ fa min bɛ kɛ cogoya la fo ka se a hakɛ ma min bɛ mɔgɔ faga (> 400 to 800 ppm) miniti 15 jukɔrɔ ni sisi yelen zeru ye.
2. Aw bɛ batiri bɛ baara kɛ ni Digital Carbon Monoxide (CO) Alarm ni waati yɛrɛyɛrɛ PPM LCD ɛkran min bɛ ɲɛ hakɛ la kɔnɔ 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) ka aw ka so kɔnɔ tobilikɛ tabali la SANI aw ka jenifɛn si yeelen. Standard UL 2034 residential CO alarmaw tɛ tɛ burukan mɛnta fɔ fo CO bɛ to ** la .70 ppm fo miniti 60 fo miniti 240** walima ** .400 ppm fo miniti 4 fo miniti 15** (o ka ca kaban fo ka se ka kungolodimi, kɔnɔboli, ani den/dusukun tantanni dɔgɔyali bila mɔgɔ la). Baara kɛ ni display numérique ye min ka dɔgɔ CO monitor min bɛ kalan kɛ ka taa a fɛ k'a daminɛ ** .10 ppm: ni digitɛri kalanni wulila ka se ** .25 to 35 ppm, aw bɛ jenifɛn faga joona ani ka finɛtiriw da wuli ka bonya.
3. Aw bɛ dumunikɛyɔrɔ finɛtiri dɔ da wuli a dɔgɔyalenba la 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) (a ka fisa ka finɛtiri fila kɛ fan kelen fɛ walasa ka fiɲɛ bila ɲɔgɔn na) tuma o tuma ni aw bɛ butane jenifɛn walima chafing bidon baara so kɔnɔ. Bɛɛ 227-gram (8-ounce) butane bidon min jeni tasumamugu kɔnɔ , o bɛ se ka ** dun .630 liters (22.2 cubic feet) oksizɛni saniyalen (the entire oxygen content of 3,000 liters / 106 cubic feet of room air)** ani a bɛ gazi ɲuman, jisuma, ani gazi monoksidi trace dilan. Aw kana tobili kɛ abada finidoncogo datugulen kɔnɔ, finɛtiri tɛ min na, sanuyaso kɔnɔ, walima sugolan fitinin kɔnɔ.
4. Aw bɛ tasuma kulɛri sɛgɛsɛgɛ yɔrɔ min na aw bɛ butane kelen-kelen-minɛn (Blue Flame = Complete Combustion vs. Yellow/Orange Tipping Flame = High Carbon Monoxide Production). Butane dumunikɛminɛn min bɛ baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, o bɛ jeni ni tasuma bulu bulu sɔgɔlen ye, min sirilen don min bɛ fɛn fitinin dɔ bɔ CO (typically 5 to 30 ppm ka bɔ sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la). Ni jenifɛn bololanɛgɛ bɛ tasuma jɛman walima oranjɛ lafiyalen bɔ, ni nɔgɔ bɛ aw ka daga duguma, walima ni kasa gɛlɛn dɔ bɛ bɔ, jeni dafalen tɛ ka gazi monoksidi hakɛ faratilenw bɔ: aw bɛ tasumamugu faga joona, ka jenifɛnw da datugulenw saniya, ani ka fiɲɛbɔyɔrɔw lajɛ.
5. Aw bɛ Butane kasɛti tasumabɔlan lakanani sariya 3 labato minnu tɛ se ka kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛ walasa ka bidonw ka sumaya kojugu bali (BLEVE):
6. (A) Sanni dɔrɔn UL 147B walima CSA / ANSI Z21.72 butane tasumabɔlan kelen minnu tɔgɔ sɛbɛnnen don, n’u bɛ ni Pressure-Sensing Safety Shutoff Governor ye min bɛ se ka kɛ fɛn fila ye (min bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan bɔ a yɛrɛma at 4.9 to 5.9 bar / 70 to 85 PSI ni bidon bɛ sumaya).
7. (B) AW KAN’a kɛ abada ni stockpot belebeleba ye, nɛgɛso Hollande foro, griddle, walima heat-diffuser plate min ka bon ka tɛmɛ 20 to 24 cm (8 to 9.5 inches) min bɛ nɛgɛdaga kinin fɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bilayɔrɔ kan. Pan min bɛ jɛngɛ sanfɛ, o bɛ funteni yeelenma jira ka ɲɛ ka jigin nɛgɛ finman kan 227g butane bidon, ka butane jilama tobi a kɔnɔ fo bidon ka kari ka pɛrɛn.
8. (C) AW KAN’a bila abada butane kelen jenifɛn fila bila kɛrɛfɛ, tasumamugu belebele walima tobilikɛminɛn dɔ jukɔrɔ.
9. Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni "Boil-and-Thermos" ye (Retained-Heat Thermal Cooking) fɛɛrɛ min bɛ i ka sokɔnɔna sɛnɛfɛnw tacogo dɔgɔya ani CO emissions by 80 percent. Sani aw ka tiga, woso, lenburuba, shɛfan, walima suman tobi butane walima Sterno tasuma dabɔlen kan miniti 25 fo miniti 45 (o bɛ tulu tiɲɛ ani ka gazi jenilenw pɔnpe ka don aw ka dumunikɛyɔrɔ nɛnɛma kɔnɔ), aw bɛ ji ni dumuni kɛ tobi gɛlɛn na fo miniti miniti 2, aw bɛ u bɔn o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ Vakuum Dumuni dɔ kɔnɔ min da ka bon, nɛgɛ tɛ min na, min sumana ka kɔn o ɲɛ Jara (Stanley / Thermos) (walima aw bɛ daga datugulen siri wuluwulu/sunɔgɔbɔrɔ kɔnɔ nɛnɛbɔlan kɔnɔ min tɛ fɛn tiɲɛ), ka a datugu ka ɲɛ. Minnu sirilen bɛ 98°C (208°F) funteni fanga bɛ dumuni tobili ban ni tasuma zeru ye ani monokisizɛni zeru.

Desizɔn jiri : ka so kɔnɔ tobilikɛminɛn lakananen sugandi ani k’a baara¶

flowchart TD
    Blackout["Grid-Down Power Outage Strikes: Aw ka kan ka ji tobi, ka denmisɛnw ka dumunikɛminɛnw sterilize, walima ka dumuni funteni tobi so kɔnɔ"] --> HavePower{"Sugandili 1 Aw ye a lajɛ: Yala aw bɛ ni LiFePO4 Tile Kuran sɛnɛyɔrɔ ye min bɛ charge (>= 1,000Wh / 1,500W Inverter) wa?"}

    HavePower -->|"AW (Zero Flame / Zéro CO) ."| ElectricCook["Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni kuran daga ye min fanga ka dɔgɔn 700W-1000W walima 1000W Induction/Rice Cooker (110Wh ɲɔgɔn tobilen litiri 1 kɔnɔ) -> Aw bɛ a bila Vacuum Thermos kɔnɔ walasa ka tobili ban"]

    HavePower -->|"AYI (Ka baara kɛ ni So kɔnɔ tasuma ye min bɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan jeni) ."| AuditFuel{"Taabolo 1: Aw ye a lajɛ ni Fuel & Stove tɛ lakana ye ka kɛ so kɔnɔ"}

    AuditFuel -->|"Charbon, Lɔgɔ, Gazi finman (Naphtha), Kerozɛni, walima kɛnɛma Propane min ka BTU ka bon"| Forbidden["A BANNA KO SƆRƆ KƆNƆ KƆNƆ. (> 1000 fo 30000 ppm Carbon Monoxyde): Aw bɛ a kɛ kɛnɛma DƆRƆN, a ka dɔgɔn mɛtɛrɛ 6 (20) ka bɔ finɛtiri/da la"]

    AuditFuel -->|"CSA/UL Listed 227g Butane Cassette Stove OR Dɔlɔ/DEG Chafing Bidonw (Sterno) ."| SetupRoom["Taabolo 2nan : Aw bɛ so kɔnɔ tobilikɛyɔrɔ labɛn<br/>1. Crack Kitchen Window Da wuli santimɛtɛrɛ 5 fo 10 (intimɛtɛrɛ 2 fo 4)<br/>2. Aw bɛ CO Monitor numérique (Ni PPM jiralan) sigi mɛtɛrɛ 1,5 fo 3 la<br/>3. Aw bɛ tasuma bila yɔrɔ la min tɛ funteni sɔrɔ, o yɔrɔ jɛlen don ni ridow ye"]

    SetupRoom --> StoveType{"Taabolo 3nan : Aw bɛ tugu lakanani sariyakolo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen na min bɛ kɛ ni sɛnɛfɛnw ye"}

    StoveType -->|"227g Butane kelen-kelen (7.000-10.000 BTU/lɛrɛ) ."| ButaneRules["- Aw bɛ Pan Diamètre <= santimɛtɛrɛ 20-24 lajɛ (AW AW TƐ Overhang Fuel Canister Bay)<br/>- Aw bɛ a sɛgɛsɛgɛ ko Crisp Blue Flame (Zero Yellow Tipping)<br/>- Aw bɛ Canister Lever bɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ tobili kɔfɛ"]

    StoveType -->|"Etanɔli Gel / DEG Chafing fɛnɲɛnamafagalan (Sterno) ."| ChafingRules["- Aw bɛ baara kɛ ni nɛgɛ sabatilen ye min bɛ se ka wuli / Fondue Rack<br/>- Aw ye aw hakili to a la ko dɔlɔ tasuma bɛ ɲini ka ye yeelen jɛlen na<br/>- Aw bɛ a faga DƆRƆN ni aw ye a sɔgɔ ni nɛgɛ datugulan ye (Aw kana fiyɛ abada)"]

    ButaneRules --> ThermosStep["4nan : Aw bɛ ‘Minute 2 Tobili + Vacuum Thermos’ Tobili kɛ ni funteni ye<br/>Aw bɛ ji/dumuni bila tobili la min bɛ wuli miniti 2 kɔnɔ -> Aw bɛ tasumamugu datugu -> Aw bɛ a bɔn ka don thermos de vacuum da la min bɛ sumaya kaban walima Pot insulated Cozy kɔnɔ miniti 20-45 kɔnɔ"]
    ChafingRules --> ThermosStep

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Yɔrɔ fɔlɔ: So kɔnɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw sumacogo: Butane kelen-kelen-minɛnw ni dɔlɔ sɔgɔli bidonw (Sterno) vs. Kɛnɛyako fɛnɲɛnamafagalan dagalenw¶

Mun na sariya siratigɛ la, tasumako ɲɛmɔgɔw ni baarakɛyɔrɔw ka kɛnɛyako sariyaw bɛ sira di dumunikɛyɔrɔw baarakɛlaw ma u ka yeelen bɔ ** .227g butane kelen-kelen-minɛnw** ani chafing fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (Sterno) so kɔnɔ dumunikɛyɔrɔw la ani lotɛli bufew la don o don, k’a sɔrɔ ka charbon gril walima gazi finman ka kanpaɲi tasuma mana so kɔnɔ, o bɛ mɔgɔ faga wa? Jaabi bɛ sɔrɔ hidrokarbon cakɛda janya, fɛnɲɛnamafagalan ni fiɲɛ ɲagaminen ɲɛfɛ, ani gazi monoksidi (CO) fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔli indisew.

1. Kɔrɔtɔko tobilikɛminɛnw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ fɛɛrɛko siratigɛ la¶

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Yɔrɔ 2nan: Butane Single-Burner Engineering vs. Alcohol Chafing Cans (U kelen-kelen bɛɛ baara cogo ni tasuma tɛ)¶

1. Baarakɛcogo lakananen a 227g (8-Ounce) Butane kasɛti tasumabɔlan¶

A daminɛ na, a dafalen don Zapɔn (Iwatani) ani Kore Dugu (Kovea / Gas One) ka ɲɛsin so kɔnɔ tabali-da-dumuni ma, o ** .227g notched-collar butane cassette stove** bɛ a jigi da kɔnɔna Over-Pressure Shutoff Governor (Inline Regulator): - Mun na Pan minnu bɛ jɛgɛn sanfɛ, olu bɛ butane ka bidonw bɔn (BLEVE): Tasuma-minɛn kininbolo nɛgɛdaga kɔnɔ, nɛgɛdaga finman dɔ sigilen bɛ yen min bɛ aerosol minɛ 227 grams (8 ounces) ka butane jilama jukɔrɔ ** .2.1 bar (30 PSI) at 20°C (68°F). Ni aw ye tigadɛgɛ belebele dɔ bila, aw bɛ stockpot (> 24 cm / 9.5 inches), walima ka griddle kɛ ka tɛmɛn grates kan walasa pan duguma ka janya ka tɛmɛ kininbolo fɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan bilayɔrɔ sanfɛ, radiant infrarouge heat reflects direct down on to the canister. Ni butane jilama bɛ sumaya ka tɛmɛ ** .50°C to 60°C (122°F to 140°F), kɔnɔna bidon tansiyɔn bɛ wuli san fɛ ka tɛmɛ ** .5.5 to 8.0 bar (80 to 115 PSI). - Cogo min na UL 147B / CSA Lakanali Gofɛrɛnaman bɛ I Kisi: Tasuma min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don (look for the UL, CSA, or ETL mark), ressort-loaded pressure-sensitive safety diaphragm bɛ a yɛrɛma ka bidon datugulan wuli fo ka se ** ."UNLOCK / EJECT" ani ka gazi bɔli tigɛ ** .4.9 to 5.9 bar (70 to 85 PSI). Tasuma-fanga-minɛn nkalonmaw kan minnu ma sɛgɛsɛgɛ, bidon min sumana kojugu, o bɛ kari Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). - Butane tasumabɔlan min bɛ kɛ ni 5 ye ka kɔn wuluwulu ɲɛ: 1. Aw bɛ a lajɛ ni nitirili lastikuw O-ring sigilan nɛrɛma min bɛ nɛgɛso kɔnɔ, o ma tiɲɛ. 2. Aw bɛ a wuli ka... 227g canister walasa notched metal collar point straight UP ka jɛɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni guide tongue ye, o kɔ aw bɛ ɲɛfɛla levier digi ka jigin fo ** ."LOCK". 3. Aw bɛ lamɛnni kɛ ka a fiyɛ fo sekɔndi 3 sani aw ka tasumamugu digi (if you hear hissing, unlock immediately). 4. Baara kɛ ni ** dɔrɔn ye .16 to 22 cm (6 to 8.5 inch) cɛmancɛ dagaw** ni a dɔgɔyalenba 5 cm (2 inches) ka bɔli kɛ ka bɔ fɛnɲɛnamafagalan datugulan na. 5. Aw bɛ levier (levier) wuli ka ** ."UNLOCK"** ani ka bidon bɔ ni aw ye ji tobi ka ban dɔrɔn.

2. Etanɔli jeli baarakɛcogo (Green Sterno) ni Dietilɛni Glikɔli (DEG Wick) Chafing Bidonw¶

Ni aw bɛ tobilikɛminɛn kɔrɔtɔlenw mara so sanfɛyɔrɔ la, gazi minɛnw dantigɛlen bɛ yɔrɔ min na, jagokɛlaw ka bufe chafing bidonw bɛ sɔrɔ so kɔnɔ furakisɛ fila la minnu tɛ mɔgɔ tɔɔrɔ: 1. Etanɔli jelilen (Methanol-Free Gel Chafing Fuel, . about 72% Ethanol): Jeni ka ɲɛsin ** .2.0 to 2.5 hours** per 198g (7 oz) ka se ka ** .1,200 to 1,500 BTU/hr**. Aw ye aw yɛrɛ tanga mɛtanɔli (wood alcohol) jeli bidonw so kɔnɔ, minnu bɛ baga fiɲɛw bɔ ; aw bɛ dumunikɛminɛnw dɔrɔn de san Ethanol Gel walima DEG bidonw. 2. Dietilɛni Glikɔli jilama (DEG) Fibre de verre-Wick Bidonw (Sterno 6-Hour Handy Wick): A bɛ baara kɛ ni dietilɛni gilikɔli ye min tɛ wuli (DEG) jalen don ka wikɛ (flash point 143°C / 290°F). Ji min bɛ bidon kɔnɔ o tɛ se ka tasuma minɛ hali ni i ye nɛgɛso yeelenma dɔ fili a kɔnɔ k’a ɲɛsin a ma, wa kɛnɛma nɛgɛ bidon bɛ to nɛnɛ na ni i magara a la; ni sokɔnɔbagan walima denmisɛnnin dɔ y’a wuli, tasuma bɛ a yɛrɛ faga k’a sɔrɔ a ma duguma tasuma jɛnsɛn. 3. Tasuma yebali sariya: Dɔlɔ ni DEG tasuma bɛ i n’a fɔ a bɛ ɲini ka ye finɛtiri yeelen jɛlen walima LED lanpanw kɔrɔ. Aw bɛ tasuma faga DƆRƆN ni aw ye nɛgɛ sɔgɔlan walima a datugulan wulilen sɔgɔ ka kɛ sanfɛla da la (never try to blow out a gel chafing can with your breath).

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Yɔrɔ 3nan: Gazi monoksidi (CO) PPM So-Volume Jateblaw ni fiɲɛbɔlanw¶

Hali gazi saniyalen dɔ i n’a fɔ butane (C4H10) bɛ tɛmɛ cɛmancɛ kemikɛli fɛɛrɛ dɔ fɛ (karɔbɔni monokisidi, CO) sani a ka fara oksizɛni kan walasa ka kɛ kojugu ye gazi ɲuman (CO2) sanfɛ 1,000°C (1,832°F). - Mun na Pot-Bottom "Flame Quenching" bɛ Carbone Monoxide caya ni 10x: A dagalen don 30-cubic-meter (1,060-cubic-foot) cuisini, butane tasumabɔlan min ladilanna ka ɲɛ, n’a bɛ jeni ni bulu bulu jɛlenw ye, o bɛ dɔgɔya ka tɛmɛ 0.015 liters ka CO lɛrɛ kelen kɔnɔ (staying under 10 to 15 ppm with a window cracked 5 cm). Nka, ni i ye jenifɛn crank ka 100% HIGH o la tasuma bulu kunw bɛ flakɛ ka nɛnɛ kɛ i n’a fɔ nɛnɛ 20°C nɛgɛ duguma daga belebele dɔ kɔnɔ, nɛgɛ nɛnɛman bɛ kɛnɛma tasuma yɔrɔ nɛnɛ duguma 1,000°C (flame quenching), ka farigan kɛ a tilancɛ la ani ka ka caya a ma jeni CO fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔli siɲɛ 10 fo siɲɛ 25. - La fixation simple (75% Medium-High Flame Setting): Aw bɛ aw ka jenifɛn bulɔgu ladilan ka kɛ ** ye .70% to 80% (Medium-High)** o la tasumamugu buluw kunw bɛ daga duguma susu dɔɔnin dɔɔnin k’a sɔrɔ u ma wuli kɛrɛ fɛ walima ka kɛ jɛman ye.

Monooxyde de carbone officiel (CO) PPM tali danw ni kɛnɛyaso taamasiɲɛw Tablo¶

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Yɔrɔ 4nan: Tobili min bɛ kɛ ni thermos thermos ye ni aspiratɛri ye (How to Cook Rice, Oats, Lentils, and Soup With a 2-Minute Boil) .¶

Dumuni tobili tɛ tasuma dafalen de wajibiya: a bɛ dumuni minɛ sanfɛ dɔrɔn de wajibiya ** .82°C to 88°C (180°F to 190°F)** (the starch gelatinization temperature) fo miniti 20 fo miniti 45 . Ni ji ye ** gosi siɲɛ kelen .100°C (212°F)**, tasuma wɛrɛ bɛ ji tobi dɔrɔn ka taa i n’a fɔ watara k’a sɔrɔ a bɛ jeni 85 percent ka i ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bɔ ani ka gazi monokisidi kunntanw bɔ.

1. Tobilikɛcogo min bɛ kɛ ni Vacuum Thermos ye (Using Any0,7L yeto1,5L yeWide-Mouth Stainless Vacuum Jar) .¶

1. Ka kɔn ka Thermos Vacuum (60 Seconds): Aw bɛ dɔ fara a kan 150 mL (1/2 cup) ji fɔlɔ, aw bɛ a lamini aw ka da lamininen thermos inox kɔnɔ fo seginkanni 60 walasa nɛgɛ nɛnɛman kɔnɔna kogo kana funteni sonya, ani ka o ji min ka kɔn ka sumaya sani aw ka o fili sani aw ka aw ka dumuni bɔn a kɔnɔ.
2. Aw bɛ na ni Ji + Fɛnw ye ka to tobi gɛlɛn na min bɛ kɛ ka... 1 to 3 Minutes: Aw bɛ aw ka ji sumanlen, kɔgɔ, ani suman/pasta/lensɛri jalenw don daga fitinin dɔ kɔnɔ min datugulen don aw ka butane jenifɛn kan (or electric kettle). Aw bɛ a tobi ka gɛlɛn fo miniti 1 fo miniti 3**, o kɔ aw bɛ aw bɛ jenifɛn datugu pewu.
3. Aw bɛ Thermos fa ka... 85%, Seal Tight, and Lay Horizontally: Aw bɛ tobilikɛ ɲagaminen bɔn da wulilen fɛnɲɛnamafagalan funteniman kɔnɔ (leaving 2.5 cm / 1 inch headspace), aw bɛ da tugulen insulasi siri ka ɲɛ, ka thermos da a kɛrɛ fɛ ka a jɔ ka ɲɛ walasa sumanw ka tobi cogo kelen na k’a sɔrɔ u ma pake duguma. (Denbaya hakɛ ta fan fɛ 4-liter stockpots, aw bɛ na ni daga datugulen ye ka tobi miniti 5 kɔnɔ, ka daga siri a la 100% cotton baarakɛminɛnw, ka a datugu pikiniki nɛnɛma min tɛ ni fɛn ye min falen bɛ wuluwulu bɔrɔ la a sanfɛ miniti 45 fo miniti 90).

2. Vacuum Thermos Ji hakɛ tigitigiw, tobili waatiw ani waati gɛlɛnw na dumuni minnu bɛ kɛ ka dumuni marayɔrɔ la¶

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Sigida kɔrɔtɔko nimɔrɔw ani so kɔnɔ tasuma lakanani baarada ofisiyaliw¶

• Amerika & Kanada: Aw bɛ 911 wele ni aw bɛ siga la ko aw bɛ baga monokisizɛni (headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion) walima ka Poyi kunbɛnni ( ) wele.1-800-222-1222). Aw bɛ US CPSC, CDC, NFPA, Health Canada, ani UL 147B / ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 sariyaw labato butane tasumabɔlanw kan minnu bɛ se ka ta ani CO alarma (alarms) minnu bɛ kɛ.
• Royaume-Uni, EU, ani Australia/NZ: Aw bɛ 999 wele Angletɛri (National Gas Emergency Service 0800 111 999), 112 UE jamana bɛɛ kɔnɔ (EN 17476 butane tasuma standard ani EN 50291 CO alarmaw), 000 Ɔsitarali jamana na (ACCC Mandatory Standard AS 2658 tilelafana kɛsu butane tobilikɛminɛnw kama), walima 111 Nuwɛlika jamana na.

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Mun na a man ɲi ka baara kɛ ni butane 227g dumunikɛminɛn ye walima Sterno chafing bidon so kɔnɔ ni finɛtiri karilen don, k’a sɔrɔ charbon gril walima kɛnɛma propane kanpaɲi tasuma bɛ se k’i faga?¶

Fuel chimie ani jenifɛnw dilanni bɛ a jira tasuma bɛ carbon monoxyde (CO) fagalen hakɛ min bɔ. Biriki minnu bɛ yeelen bɔ, olu bɛ karɔbɔli gɛlɛn jeni jirisunba dɔ kɔnɔ min kɔngɔ bɛ oksizɛni na, ka gazi monokisidi miliyɔn kelen (ppm) hakɛ 10 000 fo 30000+ bɔ min bɛ se ka denbaya dɔ faga so kɔnɔ miniti 15 kɔnɔ. Kɛnɛma, propane ni gazi finman ka kanpaɲi tasumabɔlanw bɛ baara kɛ ni 20.000 fo 30.000 BTU/hr ye, minnu bɛ so kɔnɔ oksizɛni ban joona ani ka CO girinmanw bɔ. O ni UL 147B walima CSA ka jatebɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ, butane dumunikɛminɛn min bɛ se ka jeni, min bɛ se garamu 227 ma (7650 fo 10.000 BTU/hr) walima etanɔli/diɛtilɛni-gilikɔli chafing fɛnɲɛnamafagalan (Sterno) bɛ cakɛda surunw jeni ni tasuma bulu ye pewu, ka CO bɔ min tɛ se 5 fo 35 ppm ma sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ la plume, lakananen don ni a bɛ baara kɛ santimɛtɛrɛ 5 fo 10 finɛtiri karilen kɛrɛfɛ ani CO monitor numérique kɛrɛfɛ.

Mun na butane tasumabɔlan kelen minnu bɛ se ka ta, olu bɛ pɛrɛn ni i ye tigadɛgɛ belebele walima stockpot bila u kan?¶

Butane tasumamugu min bɛ se ka ta, i n’a fɔ tilelafana kɛsu min bɛ kɛ cogo la, o kɔnɔ, butane nɛgɛdaga min bɛ se ka ta, o bɛ kɛ ni garamu 227 ye, o bɛ datugu nɛgɛdaga dɔ kɔnɔ, min bɛ jenifɛn bololanɛgɛ kɛrɛfɛ yɛrɛ. Ni aw ye tigadɛgɛ belebeleba, stockpot, Hollande foro, walima griddle (min bonya ka ca ni santimɛtɛrɛ 20 fo 24 ye / santimɛtɛrɛ 8 fo 9,5) bila jeninida sɔgɔlanw kan walasa pankurun ka jɛngɛ kinin fɛ tulubɔlan kan, o bɔgɔdaga belebele bɛ funteni yeelenba jira ka ɲɛ ka jigin butane bidon datugulen kan. Ni butane jilama min bɛ a kɔnɔ, o bɛ funteni ka tɛmɛ degere 50 kan (degere 122 Fahrenheit), a kɔnɔna lafiɲɛbɔ tansiyɔn bɛ wuli san fɛ ka tɛmɛ 70 fo 100 PSI kan. Aw bɛ baara kɛ tuma bɛɛ ni daga fitinin ye min bɛ cɛmancɛ la, min tɛ wuli abada fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kan, ani ka tasumamuguw dɔrɔn san minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don UL/CSA fɛ, minnu bɛ ni otomatiki ye min bɛ se ka kɛ ni degunba ye min bɛ bɔ bidon kɔnɔ.

Danfara jumɛn bɛ Green Ethanol Gel Sterno bidonw ni Liquid Wick (Diethylene Glycol) chafing bidonw cɛ?¶

U fila bɛɛ ye dumunikɛminɛnw ye minnu tɛ degun sɔrɔ, minnu dabɔra dumuni sumaya kama so kɔnɔ, nka u bɛ baara kɛ ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalan suguya wɛrɛw ye. Etanɔli Jeli wuluwulu bidonw kɔnɔ, alikɔli etili jelilen bɛ sɔrɔ min bɛ jeni ka tɛmɛ bidon sanfɛla da wulilen kan fo lɛri 2 ɲɔgɔn ni 1200 fo 1500 BTU/lɛrɛ (a ka suma ani ka teliya ka ji litiri 0,5 mugu fitinin tobi). Liquid Wick chafing bidonw kɔnɔ, Diethylene Glycol (DEG) min tɛ wuli, ni fibreglasi wick bɛ bɔ sanfɛ min bɛ jeni sanga 6 fo lɛri 8 ni 850 fo 1100 BTU/hr ye. Ikomi DEG ka yeelenbɔyɔrɔ ka bon (degere 143 / degere 290), bidon bɛ to nɛnɛ na ni a magara a la ani ji tɛna tasuma minɛ hali ni a gosira duguma, o bɛ DEG ka bidonw kɛ dumuni ye min bɛ tasuma da kɛnɛ kan, min lakananen don kosɛbɛ, denmisɛnw walima sokɔnɔbaganw bɛ so minnu kɔnɔ.

Mun na ne man kan ka n jigi da UL 2034 Carbon Monoxide detecteur standard dɔrɔn kan min bɛ kogo kan, n’a bɛ tobili kɛ dibi dontuma na?¶

Sariya kɔnɔ, sigiyɔrɔma UL 2034 alarma minnu bɛ kɛ ni gazi monokisidi ye, olu bɛ porogaramu ni waati jan ye walasa ka alarma minnu bɛ mɔgɔ tɔɔrɔ, olu kana tɛmɛ mobili sɔgɔsɔgɔninjɛ fɛ: u dagalen don u ka burufiyɛkan fɔ ka tɛmɛ 30 ppm kan tile 30 kɔnɔ, ani ni u bɛ 70 ppm la, u bɛ miniti 60 fo 240 makɔnɔ (lɛrɛ 1 fo 4) sani u ka bip fɔ. So min kɔnɔna na, gazi monoksidi 65 ppm tɛ yen, o tɛna alarma standard lawuli abada miniti 45 tobili kɔnɔ, o bɛɛ n’a ta, a bɛ se ka kungolodimi, kɔnɔboli, ani oksizɛni dɔgɔyali faratilen bila denmisɛnninw, musokɔnɔmaw ani dusukunnabanabagatɔw la. Ni i ye CO nimɔrɔma min bɛ baara kɛ ni batiri ye, n’a bɛ ni LCD ɲɛnama ye (a hakɛ jiralen bɛ daminɛ ni 10 ppm ye) bila jatebɔlan kan, o b’a to i bɛ CO wulilen ye ni 25 ppm ye, ka finɛtiri da wuli o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.

Tobili min bɛ kɛ ni Vacuum Thermos ("Thermal") ye, o bɛ n ka tasuma-fanga-minɛn kɔrɔtɔlen 80% bɔ cogo di?¶

Sumanw, pasta, shɛfanw ani sumanw tobili tɛ funteni tobi tuma bɛɛ wajibiya; ni ji sera degere 100 ma (degere 212), a ka kan ka to degere 85 sanfɛ dɔrɔn miniti 20 fo miniti 40 walasa amidon ni farikolojɔli dumuniw ka tobi pewu. Ni aw bɛ tiga tobi tasumamugu da wulilen kan miniti 25 kɔnɔ, o bɛ aw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɛmɛsarada la 85 tiɲɛ ka funteni tununnen bila so fiɲɛ nɛnɛman nɔ na. Ni aw ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalan da wulilen dɔ sumaya ka kɔn o ɲɛ ni jisuma dɔ ye, ka aw ka tiga ni ji tobi daga kɔnɔ miniti 2 dɔrɔn, ka sɔrɔ k’a bɔn fɛnɲɛnamafagalan datugulen kɔnɔ, dumuni bɛ a yɛrɛ tobi ka ban fɛnɲɛnamafagalan kɔnɔ ni tasuma zeru ye ani monokisidi gazi zeru.

Sosow ani ɲɛmɔgɔyaso ka bilasiralikan¶

• Amerika ka fɛnw lakanani jɛkulu (CPSC) & Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Etazuni): Ka gazi monokisidi baga kunbɛn kuran tiɲɛni waati ani so kɔnɔ minɛnw lakanani lasɔminiw.
• Anderwriters Laboratories (UL) & Canadian Standards Association (CSA): UL 147B (Butane minɛnw ni tasumabɔlanw minnu tɛ se ka fa kokura), ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 (Kampo tasumamugu suguya min bɛ se ka ta), ani UL 2034 (Alarmes de monooxyde de carbone de station unique et multiple).
• Jamana ka baarakɛyɔrɔ lakanani ni kɛnɛyako baarada (NIOSH) & Diɲɛ kɛnɛyatɔn (OMS): So kɔnɔ fiɲɛ hakɛ laadilikanw ka ɲɛsin gazi monokisidi ma (9 ppm lɛrɛ 8 kɔnɔ, 26 ppm lɛrɛ 1 kɔnɔ, 35 ppm NIOSH REL, ani 1200 ppm IDLH).
• Amerika sɛnɛko minisiriso (USDA) ka dumuni lakanani ni sɛgɛsɛgɛli baarada: Ka dumuni lakananen mara kɔrɔtɔko waati: Banakisɛw ka farati yɔrɔ min bɛ tobili la ni funteni maralen ye.
• Ɔsitarali ka ɲɔgɔndan ni musakabɔ jɛkulu (ACCC): Lakanali sariya wajibiyalen AS 2658 min bɛ Butane tilelafana tobilikɛminɛnw ta minnu bɛ se ka ta (Over-Pressure Shutoff Valve & Oversized Pan Explosion Prevention).

Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Tobili kɔrɔtɔlen so kɔnɔ ni kuran tɛ: chafing fuel, Sterno, butane tasumabɔlanw, ani CO dakunw
• Carbon monoxide and smoke inhalation first aid
• Kɔrɔtɔko dumuni marayɔrɔ tobili ani dumuni lakanani
• Ka sumaya so kɔnɔ tile caman nɛnɛ waati rezow binni waati: fanibugu mikroklima ani terakota kandili nsiirin
• Dumuni marali waati jan kɔnɔ: Mylar, oksizɛni minɛfɛnw, ani kalori hakɛ labɛnni