Deceased relative zombie debt: collection defense and probate liability¶

In the weeks following the death of a family member, household survivors face an onslaught of telephone calls, letters, and collection notices. Third-party collection agencies and zombie debt buyers monitor public death notices, obituary registries, and Social Security Death Master File updates to identify recently deceased consumers. Once a death is recorded, collectors call surviving spouses, adult children, and siblings, demanding immediate payment for credit card balances, personal loans, hospital bills, and store charge accounts.

These collectors often rely on emotional manipulation and legal misrepresentation. They suggest that surviving children are morally obligated to protect their deceased parent reputation by settling the debt, or falsely claim that surviving relatives are legally liable for the balances. In truth, consumer debts belong to the deceased person and their probate estate, not to surviving family members. Understanding the statutory boundaries between personal liability and probate estate obligations protects your personal finances during bereavement.

flowchart TD
    A["Debt collector contacts you regarding deceased relative debt"] --> B{"Were you a joint co-borrower or legal cosigner on the account?"}
    B -->|"Ɔwɔ"| C["You share legal liability: Negotiate settlement using personal funds"]
    B -->|"Ayi"| D{"Are you the appointed Executor or Administrator of the estate?"}
    C --> E["Verify contract signature before paying a single dollar"]
    D -->|"No, family member only"| F["You owe zero: Send FDCPA Cease and Desist letter immediately"]
    D -->|"Yes, court-appointed"| G["Direct collector to file formal proof of claim in probate court"]
    G --> H{"Does estate possess sufficient cash to pay statutory claims?"}
    H -->|"Yes: Solvent Estate"| I["Pay claims according to strict statutory priority order"]
    H -->|"No: Insolvent Estate"| J["Estate is insolvent: Creditors take loss, heirs pay nothing"]

Aw bɛ o kɛ sisan¶

If debt collectors are contacting you demanding payment for a deceased relative's debts, execute these five protective steps immediately:

1. Refuse to make payments using your personal funds or personal bank accounts:
   • Never pay a single dollar out of your own pocket for a relative credit card, medical bill, or unsecured personal loan.
   • Paying from personal funds can be interpreted as an assumption of liability, encouraging aggressive collectors to demand the full balance from you.
   • Legitimate debts of a deceased individual are paid exclusively from probate estate assets through formal judicial processes.
2. Clarify your legal role and refuse to discuss account details if you are not the executor:
   • If you are an adult child, sibling, or relative not appointed as executor or personal representative, inform the caller: "I am not the legal representative of the estate."
   • Instruct the collector that under the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, they are prohibited from discussing the debt with unauthorized third parties.
   • Do not volunteer information regarding life insurance proceeds, retirement balances, or the names of other surviving relatives.
3. Instruct the collector in writing to direct all future claims to the probate court:
   • Provide the full name and mailing address of the court-appointed personal representative or the estate probate attorney, if one exists.
   • If no probate estate has been opened, inform the collector: "The decedent left an insolvent estate with zero probate assets, and no estate is being administered."
   • Require that all future communications be sent exclusively in writing via postal mail.
4. Identify non-probate assets that pass outside the estate to protect inheritance funds:
   • Aw ye a lajɛ ni wari min bɛ bɔ ɲɛnamaya asiransi sɛbɛnw na ni nafa sɔrɔlaw tɔgɔ fɔra, olu bɛ don nafa sɔrɔbagaw ka jatew kɔnɔ k’a ɲɛsin u yɛrɛ ma.
   • Aw ye a jira ko lakɔlibila jatew (401k, IRA, pensions) ani banki jatew minnu tɔgɔ ye ko Transfer-on-Death (TOD) olu bɛ tɛmɛn ka ɲɛsin nafa sɔrɔlaw ma minnu tɔgɔ fɔra.
   • Nafolo minnu tɛ probate ye, olu bɛ tɛmɛn k’a ɲɛsin bɛnkansɛbɛn sariya ma, wa sariya siratigɛ la, u lakananen don ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka jurudonnaw ​​ma minnu tɛ lakana.
5. FDCPA ka Cease and Desist bataki sɛbɛn bɔ ni warijɛbɔlaw tora ka weleli kɛ:
   • Aw ye kunnafoni sɛbɛn ci lɛtɛrɛ fɛ min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don, k’a ɲini warijɛbɔ baarada fɛ, a ka telefɔni weleli ni kumaɲɔgɔnya bɛɛ dabila joona.
   • Weele don, waati taamasiyɛn, ani warijɛ lajɛbaga ka fɔta bɛɛ sɛbɛn walasa ka daliluw jɔ sariyasunba ka ɲininkaliw kan fédéral sariya kɔnɔ.
   • Aw ye warijɛ dalajɛbaga juguw fɔ Consommateur Financial Protection Bureau ye ani aw ka jamana sariyatigiba ye consumer protection division la.

Jɛkulu salenw ka juruw lajɛcogo farikolo: jalaki, manipulation, ani sariya nanbara¶

Jɛkulu salenw ka juruw lajɛyɔrɔ bɛ baara kɛ hakili ta fan fɛ dɛsɛ kan. Denbaya ka dusukasi kɔfɛ, u somɔgɔw minnu bɛ balo la, olu bɛ dusukasi sɔrɔ, u bɛ sɛgɛn u hakili la, ani u bɛ ɲagami sɔrɔ sariyako ko la. Jagokɛlaw ka baarada juguw bɛ nafa sɔrɔ o gɛlɛya cogoya in na, ka sɛbɛnniw bila sen kan minnu dilannen don walasa ka jalaki sɔrɔbaliw bila mɔgɔ la ani ka siran sariya siratigɛ la jalakiw ɲɛ, siran min tɛ basigi.

O baaradaw bɛ musakabɔlaw salenw ka jatebɔsɛbɛnw sɔrɔ juru filananw sanbagaw fɛ dɔrɔmɛ kan dɔrɔmɛ kan. Ikomi jurutigi fɔlɔ sara, wa a tɛ se ka sendon a yɛrɛ la, warijɛbɔlaw b’a dɔn ko juru in tɛ se ka waleya sariya siratigɛ la fo ni probate estate active dɔ bɛ yen ni wari min tɛ doni ye, walima fo ni a somɔgɔ min bɛ balo la, o bɛ se ka da a la ko a bɛna a sara.

flowchart TD
    A["Jagokɛyɔrɔ bɛ mɔgɔ salenw ka juruw jatebɔsɛbɛn san ni warijɛ ye"] --> B["A bɛ mɔgɔ salenw kɔlɔsi ani ka somɔgɔw sɔrɔ minnu bɛ balo la kunnafonidilanw fɛ"]
    B --> C["A bɛ furuɲɔgɔn walima den baliku wele min bɛ balo la, dusukasi waati"]
    C --> D{"Hakilila-jɔ-minɛn jumɛn bɛ bila sen kan?"}
    D -->|"Jaan min bɛ jalaki jogoɲumanya la"| E["Jɛkulu ka juru sarali ɲininiw bɛ bangebaga ka jogoɲumanya ciyɛn lakana"]
    D -->|"Sariya siratigɛ la, kumajugu fɔli"| F["A bɛ nkalon tigɛ ko ciyɛntalaw bɛ wari sarabaliw ciyɛn ta jamana sariya kɔnɔ"]
    D -->|"Nafolo minɛni bagabagali"| G["A bɛ bagabagali kɛ ka denbaya ka so minɛ walima ka mɔgɔ kisilenw ka banki jatew bila"]
    E --> H["A bɛ degun bila mɔgɔ kisilen na walasa a ka wari sara tɔgɔlama kɛ ka bɔ a yɛrɛ ka nafolo la"]
    F --> H
    G --> H
    H --> I["Kolektɛriw ka poyi komisiyɔn; mɔgɔ kisilen bɛ bɔnɛ a yɛrɛ ka wari la kudayi"]

Lajɛkɛlaw bɛ hakili ni sariya nanbara fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔ saba kɛ:

• The Moral Obligation Trap: Weelebaga b’a yɛrɛ tanga bagabagali jɛlenw ma sariya siratigɛ la, k’a dɔn ko n’a y’a fɔ ko a somɔgɔ dɔ bɛ jalaki sariya siratigɛ la, o bɛ fédéral sariya tiɲɛ. O nɔ na, ​​u bɛ denbaya ka yɛrɛbonya wele: "I fa tun ye kɛlɛden kɔrɔba ye min tun bɛ a ka wajibiw bonya tuma bɛɛ. Ne b'a dɔn ko i b'a fɛ k'a tɔgɔ jɛya ani k'a ka jago laban ɲɛnabɔ ka ɲɛ." Nin kumasen in dabɔra walasa ka mɔgɔ kisilen bila a yɛrɛ ka kunkanbaaraw ye, ka ɲɛsin tɔn ka juru hakɛ ma min tɛ se ka lajɛ.
• Baarakɛlaw ka ɲagami jaan min yamaruyara: Ni furuɲɔgɔnma walima den baliku min bɛ balo la, o ka karti yamaruyalen bɛ a somɔgɔw ka jurudon sira kan min sara, warijɛbɔlaw b’a fɔ nkalon na ko o bɛ wariko jɛ-ka-baara lawuli. Fɛdɛrali ka musakabɔlaw ka juruko sariyaw kɔnɔ, baarakɛla min yamaruyalen don, o bɛ yamaruya dɔrɔn de sɔrɔ ka sanniw sara; u ma u bolonɔ bila abada jurudon bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ min bɛ o kɔnɔ, wa u yɛrɛ ka sariya siratigɛ la kunkanbaaraw tɛ zeru ye wari min ma sara.
• The Asset Seizure Bluff: Jagokɛlaw b’a bagabaga ko ni denbaya ma jatebɔsɛbɛn ɲɛnabɔ joona, warijɛbɔ baarada bɛna fɛnw bila denbaya ka so kan, ka bolifɛnw minɛ, walima ka somɔgɔw ka sara sɛbɛnw labɛn minnu bɛ balo la. Jɛkulu minnu tɛ lakana, sariya siratigɛ la, fanga zeru tɛ olu bolo ka nafolo nɔrɔ u la walima ka banki jatew bila jɔ, k’a sɔrɔ u ma fɔlɔ ka jurudonnaw ​​da wuli, ka ɲinini kɛ, ka se sɔrɔ kiritigɛso ka lajɛ la min sɔsɔra, ani k’a jira ko nafolo in ye fɛntigiya nafolo dɔ ye.

Ni a somɔgɔ dusukasilen dɔ ye wari kelen sara ka bɔ u yɛrɛ ka jatebɔsɛbɛn na walima ni a y’a yɛrɛ ka karti nimɔrɔ di, o baarakɛda bɛ o somɔgɔw minɛ i n’a fɔ a ye juru ta. Jagokɛla bɛna t’a fɛ ka wari ɲini fo ka se a tɔ bɛɛ ka bɔ mɔgɔ kisibaga yɛrɛ ka nafolo la.

Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka jalaki ni fɛntigiya jalaki¶

Sariya kogo min bɛ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka nafolo ni probate estate nafolo cɛ, o faamuyali ye mɔgɔ kisilenw ka juru lafasali jusigilan ye. Ameriki, Kanada ani Angletɛri jamana ka sariyaba kɔnɔ, mɔgɔ ka juruw tɛ tɛmɛ mɔgɔw fɛ i n’a fɔ fɛn farikoloma. Jɛkulu min ye juruw ta, o de ye o tigi ta ye kosɛbɛ, wa o juru bɛ ​​ban u salen kɔfɛ, u bɛ balo dɔrɔn i n’a fɔ fɛn o fɛn bɛ to sariya siratigɛ la, o min bɛ wele ko mɔgɔ salen ka nafolo.

Aw ye nin sangaɲɔgɔnma taabolo nafama in lajɛ walasa k’a dɔn jɔn de bɛ juru suguya wɛrɛw jalaki sariya siratigɛ la saya kɔfɛ:

Triage protocole step-by-step : ka fɛnw lajɛli ɲininiw ɲɛnabɔ saya kɔfɛ¶

Ni warijɛbɔ baaradaw y’a daminɛ ka weleli kɛ ka ɲɛsin u somɔgɔw ka jatebɔsɛbɛn ma min sara, aw bɛ nin baarakɛcogo labɛncogo in labato walasa ka weleli jɔ ani ka warijɛbɔlaw wajibiya u ka sariyaw labato minnu bɛ wele ko probate:

Dakun fɔlɔ : Ka kɔlɔsili sigi sen kan ani ka sɛbɛnw lajɛ¶

Kana i yɛrɛ ka kunnafoniw sɛgɛsɛgɛ, ka nafolo salenw dafa, walima ka sɔn a ma ko wari bɛ i bolo ka bɔ i somɔgɔ fɛ. I ka kaye kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ mara i ka telefɔni kɛrɛfɛ walasa ka kumaɲɔgɔnya bɛɛ sɛbɛn.

Ni warijɛbɔla dɔ ye wele kɛ, i ka nin jaabi sariyalen in di: "I bɛ mɔgɔ min wele, o sara. Ne bɛ sɛbɛnni kɛ nin baro in kan. I ka tɔn tɔgɔ dafalen di sariya siratigɛ la, i ka bataki ciyɔrɔ farikoloma, jurudonna tɔgɔ fɔlɔ, ani wari hakɛ min fɔra.

Aw ye nin sariyasɛbɛn nafama ninnu sɔrɔ sani aw ka marako fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛw kɛ:

• Sayasɛbɛn sɛbɛnfura minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛra: Aw bɛ sayasɛbɛn tan fo tan ni fila komandi ka bɔ aw ka sigida marabolo sɛbɛnnikɛla biro la walima sudon ɲɛmɔgɔ fɛ. Jɔrɔnankow, bankiw, asiransi tabagaw ani jurudonna birow bɛ sɛbɛn fɔlɔw ɲini minnu sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don, ni taamasiyɛnw kɔrɔtalen don walasa ka jatew datugu.
• Letters of Administration or Letters Testamentary: Ni i ye i yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye, i ka kiritigɛso sigicogo sɛbɛn ofisiyaliw sɔrɔ ka bɔ marabolo probate kiritigɛso sɛbɛnnikɛla fɛ. O sɛbɛnw b’a jira ko i ye fanga sɔrɔ sariya sira fɛ ka foro baara laban ɲɛnabɔ.
• Jatebɔsɛbɛn minnu bɛ makɔnɔni na, olu bɛɛ: Aw bɛ kalo o kalo banki sɛbɛnw, karti warisɛbɛnw, sobon sɛbɛnw ani furakɛli warisɛbɛnw lajɛ minnu sara. Aw k’u bila kuluw kɔnɔ minnu labɛnna: juruw lakananenw, takasi fɔlɔw, ani juruw bɛɛ lajɛlen minnu tɛ lakana.

flowchart TD
    A["Collecteur bɛ wele kɛ ka wari ɲini a somɔgɔ salen ye"] --> B["Deliver statement: Mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ sara; ka jɛkulu ka ladɛrɛsi di"]
    B --> C["Demand collector mail sɛbɛnnen bɛ a ka ɲininiw kan"]
    C --> D{"Yala i ye Executeur walima Administrateur sigilen ye wa?"}
    D -->|"Ayi"| E["FDCPA ka Cease and Desist bataki sɛbɛnnen ci ni lɛtɛrɛ ye min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don"]
    D -->|"Ɔwɔ"| F["A lajɛ ni estati bɛ ka probated (probated) kɛ"]
    F --> G["Direct collecteur ka Proof of Claim foroba di probate kiritigɛso ma"]
    G --> H["Track statutory creditor claim filing window (a ka c’a la kalo 3 fo kalo 12) ."]

Dakun 2nan : Ka kumaɲɔgɔnyaw ɲɛnabɔ minnu tɛ waleyalikɛlaw ye (denmisɛn balikuw ni balimakɛw) .¶

Ni i ye denmisɛn baliku ye, i balimakɛ, walima i ka denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔba dɔ, ani ni i ma sigi ka kɛ sariyatigi ye walima ka kɛ sariyatigi ye, i ka sariya kunkanbaaraw ye zeru ye. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c(b)) kɔnɔ, juru tabaga tɛ se ka kumaɲɔgɔnya kɛ ni mɔgɔ wɛrɛ ye ni jurudonna, musakabɔla ka avoka, walima juru sarabaga/marabaga tɛ juru tacogo ko la.

Deliver this firm script: "Ne ye den salen ye, nka ne tɛ mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye min bɛ nafolo la, wa sariya siratigɛ la, fanga tɛ ne bolo ka foro koɲɛw ɲɛnabɔ. Ka kɛɲɛ ni 15 U.S.C. Section 1692c ye, i dagalen don ka kuma ne fɛ juru in ko la. I ka ne ka telefɔni nimɔrɔ bila i kɔnɔna na, i kana weleli kɛ joona, ka kumaɲɔgɔnya bɛɛ dabila."(Alimankan na)

Ni warijɛbɔla ye wele kɛ siɲɛ filanan na nin kuma in sɔrɔlen kɔfɛ, u ye sariya tiɲɛni dɔ kɛ min bɛ se ka kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni jamana fanga ka sariya ye.

Fasokan2009-09_enterneti_kalanni.dis.html,#5417333 3nan : Executeur ni administrateur probate protocoles (baarakɛlaw ni ɲɛmɔgɔw ka probate protocoles).¶

N’i ye sariya sira la, i ye sariyatigi ye min sigira sen kan walima ni i ye i yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye, i bɛ nafolotigiya jɛkulu ka lasigiden ye, nka i yɛrɛ ka nafolo bɛ to ka bɔ fɛntigiya juruw la pewu:

• Aw ka foroko jatebɔsɛbɛn dɔ da wuli: Aw kana foro wari ɲagami abada ni aw yɛrɛ ka banki jatew ye. Aw ye foroko jatebɔsɛbɛn dɔ da wuli banki dɔ la min bɛ asiransi la, ka kɛɲɛ ni foro baarakɛlaw ka taamasiyɛn nimɔrɔ (EIN) ye min dira IRS fɛ. Aw bɛ foroko sɛgɛsɛgɛliw, wari seginniw ani nafolo minnu tiɲɛna, aw bɛ olu bɛɛ don o jatebɔsɛbɛn kɔnɔ.
• Ka sariya kɔnɔ Ladɔnniyali bɔ jurudonnaw ​​ma: Jamana fanba la, jamana ka dantigɛli sariyaw b’a ɲini mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden fɛ a ka Laseli sɛbɛn bɔ jurudonnaw ​​ma cogo labɛnnen na sigida mara kunnafonisɛbɛn dɔ kɔnɔ ani ka kunnafoni ci jurudonna dɔntaw ma. Nin kunnafoni in bɔli bɛ jatebɔ gɛlɛn dɔ kɛ min bɛ sariya kɔnɔ (a ka c’a la, kalo saba fo kalo tan ni fila ka kɛɲɛ ni jamana sariya ye) o kɔfɛ, jurudonnaw ​​ka juruw bɛɛ minnu ma sɛbɛn, olu bɛɛ bɛ bali pewu sariya fɛ.
• A ɲini ka Proof of Claim sɛbɛnw di cogo labɛnnen na: Aw ye warijɛbɔ welebagaw bɛɛ ladɔnniya: "Estate bɛ probate administration formal kɔnɔ [County Name] Probate Court kɔnɔ, Case Number [Docket Number]. Aw ye aw ka Proof of Claim sɛgɛsɛgɛlen di probate kiritigɛso sɛbɛnnikɛla ma sani sariya ka jurudonna ka ɲinini waati dantigɛlen ka se. Estate tɛna telefɔni ɲininiw ɲɛnabɔ cogo labɛnbali la.

Probate asset priority ani estate insolvency sariyaw¶

Ni mɔgɔ kelen sara wari caman kosɔn ka tɛmɛ u ka probate nafolo bɛɛ nafa kan, o nafolo bɛ jate sariya siratigɛ la. Jamana ka probate codew bɛ fɔlɔfɔlɔ waati bolodalenw sigi sen kan minnu bɛ juruw sara cogo tigitigi la ka bɔ nafolo nafolo sɔrɔlenw na. Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigidenw ka kan ka tugu nin sariyasen in kɔ kosɛbɛ.

flowchart TD
    A["Estate nafolo minnu lajɛra estate checking account kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen kɔnɔ"] --> B["Dakun fɔlɔ: Sudon ni sudon musakaw fo ka se sariya ka dancɛ ma"]
    B --> C["Tier 2: Foroko musakaw, kiritigɛlaw ka musakaw, ani sariya musakaw"]
    C --> D["Dakun 3nan : Fɛderasiyɔn ka impositi (IRS) ani jamana ka sɔrɔ walima nafolo taji"]
    D --> E["Tier 4: Jamana ka Medikedi ka nafolo seginni porogaramu (MERP) ka fɔtaw"]
    E --> F["Dakun 5nan : Furakɛli ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso musaka labanw ka bɔ bana laban na"]
    F --> G["Dakun 6nan : Jɛkuluba ka juruw minnu tɛ lakana (Kartiw, mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka juruw) ."]
    G --> H{"Yala estati nafolo banna ka sɔrɔ ka se Tier 6 ma wa?"}
    H -->|"Ɔwɔ"| I["Estate ye wariko ye sariya siratigɛ la: Tier 6 jurutigiw bɛ dɔrɔmɛ zeru sɔrɔ"]
    H -->|"Ayi"| J["Nafolo tɔ bɛ tila-tila ciyɛntalaw ni nafa sɔrɔbagaw tɔgɔ fɔlenw cɛ"]

Juru saracogo min bɛ sariya kɔnɔ¶

Ni warijɛ bɛ dɔrɔmɛ ba bi duuru sɔrɔ foro dɔ la, nka a bɛ dɔrɔmɛ ba kɛmɛ sɔrɔ a ka juruw bɛɛ lajɛlen na, warijɛbɔla tɛ se ka wari sara dɔrɔn, warijɛbɔla min bɛ pɛrɛn ka tɛmɛ tɔw bɛɛ kan telefɔni fɛ. Jamana ka probate sariyaw bɛ nin wari saracogo ninnu yamaruya:

1. Sudon ni sudon musakaw (Tier 1): Sudon, sudon, sudon musakaw, ani hakilijigin musakaw bɛ kɛ fɔlɔ sariya siratigɛ la, ka kɛɲɛ ni dɔrɔmɛ hakɛ bɛnnenw ye minnu sigilen don jamana sariya fɛ.
2. Estate administration costs (Tier 2): Probate kiritigɛsow bilali sara, fiduciary bond premiums, probate avocat sara, appraiser sara, ani mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ka sariya komisiyɔn bɛ sara o kɔfɛ walasa sariya taabolo ka se ka ban.
3. Takisi ni gɔfɛrɛnaman ka juruw (Tier 3): Juru minnu bɛ Ameriki jamana fanga la (IRS kɔkan takasi ni sɔrɔ laban impositi) ani jamana ka impositi ɲɛmɔgɔw bɛ fɔlɔ tigitigi ka tɛmɛ jagokɛlaw ka jurudonnaw ​​kan fédéral ka fɔlɔfɔlɔ sariya kɔnɔ (31 U.S.C. Section 3713).
4. Medicaid estate recovery claims (Tier 4): Fɛdɛrali sariya kɔnɔ, jamanaw ka kan k’a ɲini ka musakaw sɔrɔ minnu sarala mɔgɔkɔrɔbaw ka so ladonni kuntaalajan na Medicaid Estate Recovery (MERP) fɛ, ka bɔ mɔgɔ salenw ka probate nafolo la, minnu si bɛ san bi duuru ni duuru la ka tɛmɛ o kan.
5. Furakɛcogo ni dɔgɔtɔrɔso musaka labanw (Tier 5): Furakɛcogo wari sarabali, dɔgɔtɔrɔ sara, ani dɔgɔtɔrɔso sara minnu bɛ kɛ mɔgɔ salen ka bana laban na walima dɔgɔtɔrɔso sigili senfɛ.
6. Jɛkuluba minnu tɛ lakana (Tier 6): Kredi karti balansi, mɔgɔ yɛrɛ bolonɔbila juruw, feerekɛyɔrɔw ka jatew, utilité juruw, ani zombie collection juru kɔrɔw bɛ tier dɔgɔmannin ta.

Mun bɛ kɛ ni foro wari banna¶

Ni foro dɔ ka nafolo banna pewu ka sudon musakaw sara, ka mara musakaw sara, ani ka impositi ɲini, probate kiritigɛso b’a fɔ ko o foro tɛ se ka wari sara sariya sira fɛ.

Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden bɛ Inventory and Final Accounting sɛbɛn dɔ di min b’a jira ko nafolo nafolo banna sariya ka ɲininiw kan minnu ka bon kosɛbɛ. Ni a lajɛra ka ban, probate kiritigɛla bɛ sɔn jatebɔ ma, ka yamaruya sɛbɛn dɔ don min bɛ executeur bila ka bɔ baara la ani ka foro datugu. Jɔrɔnanko minnu tɛ lakana sɔrɔ, minnu bɛ sanfɛyɔrɔw la, i n’a fɔ jurudonnaw ​​ni warijɛbɔ baaradaw, olu bɛ dɔrɔmɛ zeru sɔrɔ. Tɔn minnu ma sara, olu bɛɛ bɛ faga kudayi, ka sɛbɛn ka bɔ yen i n’a fɔ tɔn ka bɔnɛw minnu tɛ se ka lajɛ, o kɔrɔ ye ko juru min tora, o jalakibaga walima denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ minnu bɛ balo la, olu si tɛ juru ta.

Nafolo minnu tɛ probate ye, olu lakanani ka bɔ jurudonnaw ka ɲininiw na¶

Denbaya minnu bɛ balo la, olu bɛ ɲagami ɲɔgɔn na, o ye danfara ye nafolomafɛnw ni nafolo minnu tɛ sɛbɛnw ye. Mɔgɔ salen ka jurudonnaw ​​bɛ se ka juruw sara dɔrɔn ka bɔ probate nafolo la. Nafolo minnu tɛ probate ye, olu bɛ tɛmɛ probate kɔkan ka ɲɛsin nafa sɔrɔbaga dantigɛlenw ma, wa u bɛ lakana ka bɔ jurudonna salenw ma minnu tɛ lakana.

flowchart TD
    A["Salenw ka nafolomafɛnw marayɔrɔ"] --> B{"Nafolo bɛ tɛmɛ tigiyali fɛ cogo di?"}
    B -->|"Probate Court sababu fɛ"| C["Probate Assets: Ka kɛɲɛ ni jurudonnaw ka juruw ni jurudonnaw sigiyɔrɔma ye"]
    B -->|"Probate kɔkanna ka kɛɲɛ ni Operation of Law ye"| D["Nafolo minnu tɛ Probate ye: U lakananen don jurudonna salenw ma minnu tɛ lakana"]
    C --> E["Banki jatew minnu bɛ mɔgɔ kelen-kelen bɛɛ bolo, POD tɛ minnu na"]
    C --> F["Mobiliw ni dugukolo minnu tɔgɔ sɛbɛnna mɔgɔ salen tɔgɔ dɔrɔn de la"]
    D --> G["Ɲɛnamaya asiransi minnu bɛ ni nafa sɔrɔbaga ɲɛnama tɔgɔ fɔlenw ye"]
    D --> H["Lakɔlibila jatew (401k, IRA) ni nafa sɔrɔbaga dantigɛlenw ye"]
    D --> I["Banki jatew minnu tɔgɔ ye ko Payable-on-Death (POD)."]
    D --> J["Nafolo lakika min bɛ Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship kɔnɔ"]

Nafolo suguya jɔnjɔn minnu tɛ probate ye, olu lakananen don jurudonnaw ma¶

Denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ minnu bɛ balo la, olu ka kan k’a faamu nafolo minnu ye u ta ye fu ani k’a jɛya:

• Ɲɛnamaya asiransi sɔrɔta: Nafa min bɛ bɔ ɲɛnamaya asiransi la, n’o bɛ sara ɲɛnamaya nafa sɔrɔbaga dantigɛlenw ma, o ye nafa sɔrɔbaga dɔrɔn de ta ye kabini a sa. Jamana ka asiransi sariyaw kɔnɔ, ɲɛnamaya asiransi saya nafaw tɛ bɔ asiransi jurutigiw ka fɔtaw la. Jagokɛyɔrɔ tɛ se ka maga ɲɛnamaya asiransi wari la min bɛ sara den walima furuɲɔgɔn min bɛ balo la.
• Lakɔlibila jatew (401k, IRA, 403b, Pensions): Lakɔlibila balansi minnu bɛ ni nafa sɔrɔbaga dantigɛlenw ye minnu bɛ se ka kɛ, olu bɛ tɛmɛn ka ɲɛsin nafa sɔrɔbaga ma ka kɛɲɛ ni bɛnkansɛbɛn sariya ye, ka tɛmɛn probate kiritigɛso kan pewu. Baarakɛlaw ka lakɔlibila sɔrɔ lakanani sariya (ERISA) ani jamana ka dankarili sariyaw kɔnɔ, o nafolo ninnu bɛ lakana ka bɔ mɔgɔ salen ka jurudonnaw ​​ma minnu tɛ lakana.
• Payable-on-Death (POD) ani Transfer-on-Death (TOD) Jatew: Banki ka jatebɔsɛbɛnw, warimarayɔrɔw, ani brokerage jatew minnu kɔnɔ POD walima TOD nafa sɔrɔbagaw tɔgɔ sɛbɛncogo fɔlɔ bɛ yen, olu bɛ ci o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ka taa nafa sɔrɔbaga tɔgɔla la sayasɛbɛn jiralen kɔfɛ, ka tɛmɛn probate ɲininiw kan.
• Joint Tenancy with Right of Survivorship (JTWROS): Sow walima banki jate minnu bɛ jɛ ni ɲɛnamaya hakɛ ye, olu bɛ bila u yɛrɛma ka di jɛɲɔgɔn tigi ma min bɛ balo la sariya baara fɛ, k’a sɔrɔ u ma tɛmɛ probate estate fɛ.

O danfara kelen bɛ kɛ ni mɔgɔ salen ma nafa sɔrɔbaga ɲɛnama dɔ tɔgɔ fɔ walima ni a ye "The Estate of the Deceased" tɔgɔ da ko nafa sɔrɔbaga. O cogo la, nafolo bɛ bɔnɛ u ka kala la min tɛ probate ye, ka bɔn k’a ɲɛsin probate estate ma, ka kɛ jurudonnaw ​​ka ɲininiw ye.

Sariyasenw lakanani minnu bɛ FDCPA ni probate codes kɔnɔ¶

Fɛdɛrali sariyaw ni jamana ka marako sariyaw bɛ somɔgɔw tanga minnu bɛ balo la, ka bɔ juruw lajɛcogo nanbaratɔw la. Ni i ye i ka josariyaw dɔn juruw tali kɛcogo tilennen sariya kɔnɔ, o b’a to i bɛ se ka juruw tali tɔɔrɔ dabila ani ka baaradaw jalaki minnu bɛ sariya kɔnɔ.

flowchart TD
    A["Sariyasen minnu bɛ kɛ ka juruw tɔɔrɔ mɔgɔ salenw na"] --> B["FDCPA 15 U.S.C., Bamako, Mali. 1692c: A bɛ dan sigi kumaɲɔgɔnyaw la waleyalikɛla dɔrɔn de la"]
    A --> C["FDCPA 15 U.S.C., Bamako, Mali. 1692e: A bɛ ciyɛntalaw ka jalaki nkalonmaw bɔ sariya kɔnɔ"]
    A --> D["CFPB ka politiki ɲɛminɛcogo: A bɛ mɔgɔ salenw ka juruw tacogo ɲɛnabɔ"]
    A --> E["Jamana ka Probate Non-Claim Statutes: Bar unfiled claims forever"]

FDCPA ka sariyaw ka ɲɛsin feerekɛla salenw ma (15 U.S.C. Section 1692) .¶

Ka kɛɲɛ ni juruw tali kɛcogo tilennenw sariya ye ani CFPB ka politiki ɲɛminɛcogo kɔnɔ:

• Kunnafoni dancɛ gɛlɛnw (Sigida 1692c(b)): Jɛkulu min b’a fɛ ka juru minɛbaga salen dɔ ta, o bɛ se ka kuma furuɲɔgɔn salen fɛ min bɛ balo la, kiritigɛso ye min sigi a yɛrɛ ka lasigiden fɛ, kiritigɛla, walima ɲɛmɔgɔ, walima juruko ɲɛnabɔbaga ka avoka dɔrɔn de fɛ. Ka kuma denmisɛn balikuw fɛ, bangebagaw fɛ, balimakɛw fɛ, walima somɔgɔw wɛrɛw fɛ walasa ka juru ta, o bɛ jamana fanga ka sariya tiɲɛ fo ni o somɔgɔ de ye juru sarabaga sigilen ye.
• Yɔrɔ kunnafoniw dɔrɔn (Sigida 1692b): Ni warijɛbɔla dɔ t’a dɔn mɔgɔ min bɛ o foro lasigi, u bɛ se ka kuma mɔgɔ sabanan fɛ dɔrɔn walasa ka mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ka kunnafoni sɔrɔ. Jagokɛla tɛ se k’a fɔ ko juru tun bɛ mɔgɔ salen na, ka baro kɛ wariko kunnafoniw kan, walima ka mɔgɔ sabanan wele ka tɛmɛ siɲɛ kelen kan.
• Namara juruw (Sigida 1692e): Jalakiw balilen don kosɛbɛ k’a fɔ walima k’a jira ko denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔ minnu bɛ balo la, olu yɛrɛ de ka kan ka juruw sara. Ka mɔgɔ kisilen dɔ lafili u ka wajibi sariya siratigɛ la, ka bagabagali kɛ ko u bɛna fɛnw bila fɛnw na minnu tɛ nafolo ye, walima ka nkalon tigɛ ko ciyɛn bɛna bɔsi a la, o bɛ jamana fanga ka sariya tiɲɛ.
• Sariya tiɲɛniw ni avoka sara (Sigida 1692k): Jagokɛla o warijɛbɔla ye FDCPA tiɲɛ, o ka kan ka tiɲɛni lakikaw, sariya tiɲɛniw fo ka se dɔrɔmɛ ba kelen ma, ani musakabɔlaw ka avoka sara bɛɛ ani kiritigɛso musakaw.

Jamana ka probate non-claim sariyaw¶

Jamana bɛɛ bɛ probate sariya dɔ waleya min bɛ wele ko "Non-Claim Statute". Nin sariyasenw kɔnɔ:

• Laseli waati dantigɛlen gɛlɛnw: Jɛkulu ka kan ka jurudonnaw ​​ka kan ka Sɛbɛnni sɛbɛn dɔ di probate kiritigɛso la waati kɛrɛnkɛrɛnnen dɔ kɔnɔ, a ka c’a la, kalo saba fo kalo wɔɔrɔ, o kɔfɛ, kunnafoni fɔlɔ bɔlen kɔfɛ jurudonnaw ​​ye, walima tile biwɔɔrɔ fo tile kɔnɔntɔn kɔnɔ, ka bɔ kunnafoni sɛbɛnnen tilennen kɔ.
• Bar absolute sur les demandes tardées: Ni jurutigi ma se k’a ka juru di ka kɔn sariya waati dantigɛlen ɲɛ, o juru bɛ ​​bali pewu sariya fɛ. Jɔrɔnanko tɛ se ka nafolo sɔrɔ foro la, a tɛ se ka a yɛrɛ ka lasigiden sendon kiritigɛ la, wa a tɛ se ka tugu nafa sɔrɔbagaw kɔ.

Kɛlɛli fɛɛrɛ fɔlɔw : ka dabila ni dabila ɲinini sɛbɛn¶

Ni warijɛbɔ baarada dɔ tora ka telefɔni ci i ma ka ɲɛsin i somɔgɔw ka juru salen dɔ ma, i kɛlen kɔ k’u ladɔnniya k’u ka juru dabila, i ka FDCPA Dabila ni a dabila kunnafoni sɛbɛnnen di o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ.

I ka bataki ci Etazuni ka lase baarada ka lɛtɛrɛ fɛ min sɛgɛsɛgɛra ni segin-ka-bɔnye sɛbɛn ɲininen ye. Bataki, posita resipi ani seginkanni karti jɛman dɔ mara i ka dosiye banbali kɔnɔ.

Baara kɛ ni nin sariyasenw ye minnu bɛ sariya kɔnɔ:

"Don: [Don don a kɔnɔ].
Ka taa: [Kolektor Agence Tɔgɔ].
Adrɛsi: [Ladɛrɛsi min bɛ wele ko Collecteur Street Address].
Sɛbɛnni nimɔrɔ min sɛgɛsɛgɛra: [Insert Tracking Number].

Re: Mɔgɔ salen ka juru min fɔra: [Full Legal Name of Deceased Relative].
Konte nimɔrɔ min fɔra: [Insert Account Number].

A bɛ se ka hami mɔgɔ minnu na:

N bɛ sɛbɛn ci aw ka telefɔni kumaɲɔgɔnya segin-seginw jaabi la, ka ɲɛsin juru dɔ ma min bɛ fɔ ko mɔgɔ salen min tɔgɔ fɔra sanfɛ.

Aw ye aw ladɔnniya sariyako ninnu na:

1. I b’a ɲini ka mɔgɔ min lajɛ, [Sada Tɔgɔ], o sara [Saya don]. Sayasɛbɛn ofisiyali sɛbɛn dɔ bɛ nin sɛbɛn in kɔnɔ.
2. Ne de ye mɔgɔ salen ye [Jɛɲɔgɔnya ɲɛfɔ, i n’a fɔ denkɛ walima denmuso]. Ne tɛ jurudonna jɛlen ye walima sariya siratigɛ la bolonɔbilabaga ye nin jatebɔsɛbɛn in kan, wa ne yɛrɛ ka sariya siratigɛ la jalaki fana tɛ o juru in na.
3. [Sugandili A walima Sugandili B sugandi]:
   • Sugandili A (Ni nafolo si tɛ yen): Mɔgɔ salen ye nafolo dɔ bila min tɛ se ka wari sara, ni nafolo zeru ye min bɛ se ka kɛ. Probate estate si ma dabɔ, wa mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden si ma sigi.
   • Sugandili B (Ni probate dabɔra): Probate estate officielle dɔ dabɔra [County Name] Probate Court kɔnɔ, Docket Number [Insert Docket Number]. Aw ye fɛn nataw bɛɛ bila ka taa sɛbɛn fɛ kiritigɛso ye min sigi mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye: [Mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigiden walima a ka ladɛrɛsi min bɛ a ka ladɛrɛsi la].
4. Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (15 U.S.C. Section 1692c) kɔnɔ, i dagalen don kosɛbɛ ka kuma mɔgɔ wɛrɛw fɛ minnu tɛ o nafolotigi yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye.
5. San 15 jukɔrɔ U.S.C. Siginiden 1692c©, ne b’a ɲini aw fɛ cogo labɛnnen na ko aw ka telefɔni weleli, lɛtɛrɛw ani cikanw bɛɛ dabila joona ani ka u dabila ka taa ne ni ne ka du kɔnɔ ani ne ka baarakɛyɔrɔ la.

Telefɔni kuma wɛrɛ minnu bɛ bɔ i ka baarakɛyɔrɔ la, olu bɛna sɛbɛn iko fédéral ka sariya tiɲɛni ni laɲini ye, wa u bɛna o fɔ o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Fédéral Trade Commission ani Etazini ka sariyatigiba ma.

Ni kɔnɔnajɛya ye,
[I tɔgɔ dafalen sariya siratigɛ la].
[I ka bataki ciyɔrɔ]"

flowchart TD
    A["FDCPA ka bataki fɔlɔ min bɛ wele ko Cease and Desist, o sɛbɛn"] --> B["Aw bɛ saya sɛbɛn min sɛgɛsɛgɛlen don, o kopi nɔrɔ a la"]
    B --> C["A ci USPS Certified Mail fɛ ni Seginkanni Sɛbɛn ɲininen ye"]
    C --> D["Collecteur bɛ delivery sɔrɔ: Fédéral sariya ka silence bar bɛ baara kɛ"]
    D --> E{"Yala warijɛbɔla bɛ i wele tugun jiginni kɔfɛ wa?"}
    E -->|"Ɔwɔ"| F["Sɛbɛn weleli: FDCPA sariya tiɲɛniw ɲinini sɛbɛn di kunmabɔnafolo ka avoka ma"]
    E -->|"Ayi"| G["Kolektɛri bɛ dosiye datugu; tɔɔrɔko dabilalen don kudayi"]

Ɲininkali minnu bɛ kɛ tuma caman na¶

Yala denmisɛn balikuw bɛ u bangebagaw ka karti juru walima furakɛli wari ciyɛn ta wa?¶

Ayi, denmisɛn balikuw tɛ u bangebagaw ka karti juru, furakɛli wari, walima u yɛrɛ ka juru ciyɛn ta Ameriki sariyaba kɔnɔ. Ni bangebaga dɔ sara, u ka juru minnu tɛ lakana, olu bɛ u ka nafolomafɛnw ta dɔrɔn, wa u ka kan ka wasa ni nafolo nafolo ye, u man kan ka wasa den minnu bɛ balo la, olu yɛrɛ ka wariko la. Ni nafolo bɛrɛ tɛ bangebagaw ka nafolo la walasa ka wari tolenw wasa, juruw bɛ sɛbɛn ka bɔ yen iko bɔnɛ minnu tɛ se ka lajɛ jurutigiw fɛ, wa denmisɛn minnu bɛ balo la, olu ka juru bɛ dɔrɔmɛ zeru la.

Yala jurutigi bɛ se ka ne ka ciyɛn ta walisa ka ne somɔgɔw ka juru sara wa?¶

Jɔrɔnanko bɛ se ka sara dɔrɔn ka bɔ nafolo la minnu bɛ tɛmɛ probate (sɛbɛnni) taabolo la, ani dɔrɔn ni a ye ɲinini kɛ waati bɛnnen na probate kiritigɛso la. Nafolo minnu tɛ probate ye, n’u bɛ tɛmɛ i ma k’a ɲɛsin i ma bɛnkansɛbɛn sariya fɛ, i n’a fɔ ɲɛnamaya asiransi wari, 401k walima IRA lakɔlibila jatew ni nafa sɔrɔlaw tɔgɔ fɔlenw ye, ani banki jatew minnu tɔgɔ ye ko u ka kan ka sara saya waati, olu ye i yɛrɛ ta ye, wa u lakananen don sariya sira fɛ ka bɔ jurudonna somɔgɔw la minnu tɛ lakana.

Yala ne bɛ ne furuɲɔgɔn salen ka juru jalaki ni an tun sigilen bɛ sigida ka nafolo mara la wa?¶

Sigida nafolo marayɔrɔw la (i n’a fɔ Kalifɔrni, Teksas, Arizɔna, Washinton ani Nevada), furuɲɔgɔnma minnu bɛ balo la, olu bɛ se ka jalaki juru dɔw la minnu kɛra furuɲɔgɔn salen fɛ furu waati la, hali ni furuɲɔgɔn min tora, o tɔgɔ tun tɛ bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ. Sigida ka nafolo sariyaw bɛ juru minnu bɛ kɛ furu waati la, olu bɛ jate sigida ka wajibiw ye minnu bɛ sara ka bɔ sigida nafolo la. Nka, juru danfaralenw minnu bɛ kɛ ka kɔn furu ɲɛ walima juru minnu bɛ ɲɛminɛ ni nafolo bɛnkan danfaralenw ye, olu bɛ to furuɲɔgɔn salen ka nafolo kelenpe de ka baara ye.

Ni warijɛbɔ baarada dɔ ye telefɔni ci k’a ɲini ka wari sara ka ɲɛsin baarakɛla ka karti yamaruyalen ma, ne ka kan ka mun kɛ?¶

I ka warijɛbɔla ladɔnniya o yɔrɔnin bɛɛ la ko i tun ye baarakɛla yamaruyalen dɔrɔn ye o jatebɔsɛbɛn kan, wa ko sariya siratigɛ la, i tɛ jalaki foyi sɔrɔ o wari tɔ la, ani k’a fɔ u ye ko u ka jatebɔsɛbɛn datugu. Fɛdɛrali ka juruko sariyaw kɔnɔ, baarakɛlaw minnu yamaruyalen don, olu bɛ se ka wari sara, nka u ma u bolonɔ bila juruko bɛnkansɛbɛn kɔnɔ abada, o kɔrɔ ye k’u yɛrɛ ka wariko jalaki si tɛ u bolo o wari tɔ la. Ka wari ɲini baarakɛla dɔ fɛ min yamaruyalen don, k’a sɔrɔ i b’a fɔ ko sariya siratigɛ la, o ye jurudoncogo ye min bɛ mɔgɔ lafili, min bɛ juruw lajɛcogo tilennen sariya sigida 807 tiɲɛ.

Mun bɛ kɛ ni sariyatigi dɔ ye denbaya kɔnɔmɔgɔw sara sani a ka foro juruw sara?¶

Ni jurudonna walima a yɛrɛ ka lasigiden ye foro wari walima nafolo tila ciyɛntalaw ma sanni jurudonna ka juru ɲinisɛbɛn min bɛ sariya kɔnɔ, o ka da tugu, juru sarabaga yɛrɛ bɛ se ka jalaki juruw bɛɛ la minnu ma sara. Jamana ka probate codes kɔnɔ, fiduciaire mɔgɔ yɛrɛ ka lasigidenw ka baara ye sariya sira fɛ ka sariyasenw ka juruw sara minnu bɛ se ka kɛ fɔlɔ, ka kɛɲɛ ni fɔlɔfɔlɔ sira bɛnnen ye sanni u ka tila-tila nafa sɔrɔbagaw ma. Ni warimarala dɔ ye wari tila-tila ka kɔn a waati ɲɛ, ani ni nafolotigi tɛ se ka sudon, impositi walima furakɛli ɲinini sɛbɛn bɛnnenw wasa, a bɛ se ka kɛ ko o wari sarabaga ka kan ka o dɛsɛ sara ka bɔ a yɛrɛ ka bɔrɛ kɔnɔ.

Gafe minnu bɛ tali kɛ o ko la¶

• Furuɲɔgɔn salen walima bangebaga jurudonna ka ɲininiw ani mɔgɔ kisibagaw ka josariyaw minnu tɛ jalaki
• Jurutigiw ka tɔɔrɔ : i ka josariyaw dɔn ani ka weleli dabila
• Fidusiyɛri, executeur, walima trustee min banna ka jatebɔ kɛ nafolomafɛnw na
• Nafolo gɛlɛya barikama: ka kisi teliya la ani ka i yɛrɛ tanga
• Kredi karti wari seginni sɔsɔli, ACH ka debiti min ma yamaruya, ani sariyasen E