Isi nri n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime ụlọ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ gbadata: Butane Single-burners vs. mmanya na-egbu mmanya, Carbon Monoxide PPM Math, na Thermos Thermal nri.¶

Oké ifufe oyi ọ bụla, ajọ ifufe, na ọkụ eletrik ọtụtụ ụbọchị na-ada ada na-ebute ebili mmiri nke ọnwụ ebe obibi na ụlọ ọgwụ nke ** nnukwu carbon monoxide kpatara (CO) nsi *** na ** ọkụ ọkụ ime ụlọ *** mgbe ezinaụlọ na-ebute stovu n'èzí, unyi hibachi grills, ma ọ bụ igwe na-ekpo ọkụ propane na-emepụtaghị n'ime kichin enweghị ikuku. Enweghị isi, enweghị agba, na enweghị mgbakasị ahụ nke imi na akpịrị, ** carbon monoxide na-ejikọta haemoglobin mmadụ. 200 to 250 times njikọ dị ukwuu karịa oxygen (forming carboxyhemoglobin [COHb]*, na-eme ka ezinụlọ dum nọrọ jụụ ka ha na-esi mmiri maka kọfị ma ọ bụ nri a mịrị amị. Agbanyeghị, ịmara ụdị kemịkalụ mmanụ ọkụ na ụlọ ọkụ bụ ** injinia na asambodo (ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 / UL 147B) maka nri ime ụlọ na ebe a na-eri nri na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ , kpọmkwem ** onye na-ere ọkụ 227-gram (8-ounce) stovu butane cassette nwere oke nrụgide na-emechi nchekwa nchekwa ** na ** jellied ethanol / mmiri mmiri diethylene glycol (DEGMkpọ mmanụ ụgbọala chafing buffet (Sterno, jikọtara ya na ** ikuku ventilashị nke windo amanyere iwu (CO PPM ọnụ ụlọ mgbakọ na mwepụ) , a ** dijitalụ dị ala ọkwa CO nyochaa (displaying down to 10 ppm, na ** Vacuum Thermos Thermal nri (retained-heat simmering that cuts active stove burn time by 80%, na-enye gị ohere isi mmiri, sie nri dị ọkụ, na sterilize usoro ụmụaka n'enweghị nsogbu n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ n'oge ụbọchị 14 kwụsịrị. Ọ bụrụ na onye ọ bụla nọ n'ụlọ gị amalite isi ọwụwa, isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, ma ọ bụ mgbagwoju anya mgbe ị na-esi nri n'oge ọkụ ọkụ, tinye onye ọ bụla n'ime ikuku dị n'èzí ozugbo, kpọọ mpaghara gị. nọmba mberede, ma jụọ ndị nduzi anyị Carbon monoxide na ikuru anwụrụ ọkụ enyemaka mbụ, nri mberede n'ime ụlọ na-enweghị ike, na nchekwa generator na carbon monoxide.

Ntuziaka njikere a na-atụnyere kemịkalụ combustion, mmepụta okpomọkụ (BTU/hr na Watts), na ọnụego ikuku carbon monoxide nke ** n'ime ụlọ butane kasetị otu-ọkụ, ethanol/DEG chafing mmanụ ọkụ, na LiFePO4 kettle ọdụ eletrik nwere ike ibugharị** megide mmanụ ọkụ n'èzí amachibidoro nke ọma (charcoal briquettes, white gas / Coleman naphtha, kerosene, and high-output outdoor propane camp stoves), na-aga n'ihu ** ikuku ikuku nke kichin na CO akụkụ-kwa-nde (PPM) mkpokọta mgbakọ na mwepụ ***, ma na-akụzi ** Vacuum Thermos / Wonderbag Retained-Heat Cooking Technique ** nke na-esi osikapa akọrọ, oat, lentil, pasta, na stews ruo izu okè site na iji naanị nkeji 2 ruo 3 nke ọkụ ọkụ **.

Mee nke a ugbu a¶

1. *Ewetakwala unyi grill (hibachi, kettle, or ceramic smoker), nkụ ọkụ, n'èzí multi-burner propane ogige stovu, ọcha-gas (Coleman fuelstovu, ma ọ bụ stovu mmanụ ọkụ n'ime ụlọ, n'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, ma ọ bụ n'elu mbara ihu mechiri emechi.10,000 to 30,000+ ppm carbon monoxide na-egbu egbu (CO) (up to 100 to 200 times more CO than a clean blue butane or alcohol flame), na-ejuputa kichin ma ọ bụ ụlọ a na-ahụkarị na mkpokọta na-egbu egbu (> 400 to 800 ppm) n'ihe na-erughị nkeji iri na ise na anwụrụ ọkụ a na-ahụ anya.
2. ** Tinye Carbon Monoxide dijitalụ nwere batrị (CO) Oti mkpu na ezigbo oge PPM LCD ihuenyo na anya larịị n'ime 1.5 to 3 meters (5 to 10 feet) nke tebụl nri ime ụlọ gị TUPU ọkụ ọkụ ọ bụla.** Standard UL 2034 residential CO mkpu anaghị ada ụda opi ruo mgbe CO nọrọ na **70 ppm maka nkeji 60 ruo 240 *** ma ọ bụ **400 ppm maka nkeji 4 ruo 15 *** (nke dịlarị elu nke na-ebute isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na nwa ebu n'afọ / obi hypoxia). Jiri ihe ngosi dijitalụ dị ala ** CO nyochaa *** na-agụ na-amalite na 10 ppm: ọ bụrụ na ọgụgụ dijitalụ rịgoro na 25 to 35 ppm, gbanyụọ ọkụ ozugbo wee mepee windo n'obosara.
3. *Mepee windo kichin opekata mpe 5 to 10 centimeters (2 to 4 inches) (dị ka windo abụọ n'akụkụ nke ọzọ maka ikuku ikuku) mgbe ọ bụla ị na-arụ ọrụ butane burner ma ọ bụ chafing nwere ike ime n'ime ụlọ. 227-gram (8-ounce) Mpempe butane gbara n'ọkụ na-eri nke ọma 630 liters (22.2 cubic feet) oxygen dị ọcha (the entire oxygen content of 3,000 liters / 106 cubic feet of room air ma na-emepụta carbon dioxide, vapor water, na trace carbon monoxide. Ejila esi nri n'ime ụlọ mechiri emechi, nke enweghị windo, ụlọ ịsa ahụ, ma ọ bụ obere ime ụlọ.
4. ** Nyochaa agba ire ọkụ ozugbo ị na-agbanye otu ọkụ butane (Blue Flame = Complete Combustion vs. Yellow/Orange Tipping Flame = High Carbon Monoxide Production)* CO (typically 5 to 30 ppm n'ime mmiri ọkụ). Ọ bụrụ na mgbanaka ọkụ ahụ na-emepụta ** ọkụ na-acha odo odo ma ọ bụ oroma ***, soot na ala ite gị, ma ọ bụ isi ísì siri ike, ** combustion na-ezughị ezu na-emepụta ọkwa dị ize ndụ nke carbon monoxide ***: gbanyụọ stovu ahụ ozugbo, hichaa ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị mechiri emechi, wee lelee ikuku ikuku.
5. ** Soro usoro nchekwa nchekwa 3 Butane Cassette nke anaghị akwụ ụgwọ iji gbochie mgbawa ikpo ọkụ karịrị akarị (BLEVE):**
6. ** (A) Zụrụ naanị UL 147B ma ọ bụ CSA / ANSI Z21.72 Edepụtara stovu butane nke nwere otu ọkụ nke dabara na ọkwa abụọ nke nrụgide nrụgide na-ahụ maka nchekwa nchekwa Gọvanọ** (nke na-ewepụ ite mmanụ na-akpaghị aka na ya. 4.9 to 5.9 bar / 70 to 85 PSI ọ bụrụ na ite ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ).
7. *(B) Ejila nnukwu ite zuru oke, oven Dutch nke ihe nkedo, griddle, ma ọ bụ ihe na-ekesa ọkụ n'obosara karịa. 20 to 24 cm (8 to 9.5 inches) nke kwụfere n'akụkụ aka nri nke ígwè mmanụ ọkụ e ji akpa mmanụ ọkụ. 227g butane, na-esi mmiri butane dị n'ime ruo mgbe ite ahụ gbawara nke ọma.
8. (C) Edokwala ihe butane otu ọkụ abụọ n'akụkụ n'akụkụ n'okpuru nnukwu griddle ma ọ bụ ite anụ ọkụ.
9. ** Jiri "osimiri-na-Thermos" (Retained-Heat Thermal Cooking) usoro iji belata oriri mmanụ ụlọ gị na CO ihe na-esi na ya pụta 80 percent.** Kama ịgbanye osikapa, oatmeal, lentil, agwa, ma ọ bụ ofe n'elu butane ma ọ bụ ọkụ sterno mepere emepe maka nkeji iri abụọ na ise ruo iri anọ na ise (nke na-emebi mmanụ ọkụ ma na-ebunye gas combustion n'ime kichin oyi gị), weta mmiri na nri na obụpde siri ike maka ** 2 nkeji , wunye ya ozugbo n'ime ** pre-warmed-mouth stains (Nri adịghị mma n'ọnụ ọnụ Jarel-acuum).Stanley / Thermos (ma ọ bụ kechie ite ahụ kpuchie n'ime blanketị ajị anụ/akpa ihi ụra n'ime ngwa nju oyi nke etinyere ya), ma kpuchie ya nke ọma. Ndị tọrọ atọ 98°C (208°F) Ike ọkụ na-eji ** ọkụ efu na carbon monoxide efu na-esi nri ahụ.

Osisi mkpebi: ịhọrọ na ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma na usoro esi nri na-agbanyụ ọkụ ime ụlọ¶

flowchart TD
    Blackout["Ọkụkụ grid gbadata: Ọ dị mkpa ka esi mmiri, mee ka usoro nwa ọhụrụ, ma ọ bụ sie nri dị ọkụ n'ime ụlọ."] --> HavePower{"Nhọrọ 1 Lelee: Ị nwere ọdụ ike anyanwụ LiFePO4 (> = 1,000Wh / 1,500W Inverter)?"}

    HavePower -->|"EE (Ọkụ ọkụ efu / efu CO)"| ElectricCook["Jiri obere ọkụ eletrik 700W-1,000W ọkụ eletrik ma ọ bụ 1,000W Induction/Osika osi nri (ihe dị ka 110Wh kwa 1-liter obụpde) -> Nyefee na Vacuum Thermos iji mechaa nri."]

    HavePower -->|"Mba (iji ọkụ ime ụlọ na-ere mmanụ)"| AuditFuel{"Kwụpụ 1: Nyochaa mmanụ ụgbọala na ite ọkụ adịghị mma maka ojiji ime ụlọ"}

    AuditFuel -->|"Unyi, Osisi, White Gas (Naphtha), Kerosene, ma ọ bụ High-BTU N'èzí Propane"| Forbidden["Amachibidoro nke ọma n'ime ụlọ. (> 1,000 ruo 30,000 ppm Carbon Monoxide): Jiri n'èzí naanị, ma ọ dịkarịa ala mita 6 (ụkwụ 20) site na Windows/ọnụ ụzọ"]

    AuditFuel -->|"CSA/UL Edepụtara 227g Butane Cassette Stove ma ọ bụ mmanya na-egbu egbu/DEG (Sterno)"| SetupRoom["Nzọụkwụ 2: Kwadebe Mpaghara Ime Ime Ime<br/>1. Ohere kichin mgbawa mepere 5 ruo 10 cm (2 ruo 4 in) <br/>2. Tọọ Digital CO Monitor (Ya na Ngosipụta PPM) 1.5 ruo 3 m Away<br/>3. Debe igwe ọkụ n'elu elu nke anaghị ekpuchi ọkụ na-ekpochapụ ákwà mgbochi"]

    SetupRoom --> StoveType{"Kwụpụ 3: Soro Protocol Nchekwa Pụrụ Iche Mmanụ"}

    StoveType -->|"227g Butane Single-ọkụ (7,000-10,000 BTU / h)"| ButaneRules["- Lelee dayameta nke pan <= 20-24 cm (AGBAGHỊ ONYE NA-EKWU mmanụ ọkụ Canister Bay) <br/> - Nyochaa ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ (Edo edo edo edo edo efu) <br/> - Mwepu Canister Lever ozugbo esichara."]

    StoveType -->|"Ethanol Gel / DEG Chafing mmanụ nwere ike (Sterno)"| ChafingRules["- Jiri Stable Metal Folding Stove Stand / Fondue Rack<br/>- Cheta na ire mmanya na-egbu egbu bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụ anya na ọkụ na-egbuke egbuke<br/>- Na-emenyụ naanị site na iji mkpuchi ọla na-ekpochapụ (Akụpụla)"]

    ButaneRules --> ThermosStep["Kwụpụ 4: Kpochapụ '2 nkeji obụpde + Vacuum Thermos' nri ọkụ <br/>Weta mmiri / nri ka ọ na-esi nri maka nkeji 2 -> gbanyụọ ọkụ ọkụ -> Wunye n'ime ikuku ikuku obosara-ọnụ ma ọ bụ ite mkpuchi mkpuchi maka 20-45 min."]
    ChafingRules --> ThermosStep

Akụkụ 1: Ntụnyere mmanụ ụgbọala n'ime ụlọ: Butane Single-burner vs. Mkpọ mmanya na-egbu mmanya (Sterno) vs. mmanụ ọkụ n'èzí amachibidoro¶

Kedu ihe kpatara ndị ọkụ ọkụ na koodu ahụike ọrụ ji kwe ka sava ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na-enwu n'ụzọ iwu 227g butane one-burners *** na ** chafing mmanụ ọkụSterno* na tebụl iri nri ime ụlọ na ahịrị ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ kwa ụbọchị, ebe ọkụ ọkụ grill ma ọ bụ stovu na-acha ọcha gas n'ime ụlọ na-egbu egbu? Azịza ya dabeere na ** ogologo yinye hydrocarbon, ikuku-ikuku premixing, na carbon monoxide (CO) indices emission **.

1. Ntụle nka nka n'akụkụ akụkụ nke mmanụ nri nri mberede¶

Nkebi 2: Butane Single-Burner Engineering vs. Mkpọ mmanya na-egbu mmanya (Otu esi arụ ọrụ nke ọ bụla na-enweghị ọkụ)¶

1. Nchekwa ọrụ nke a 227g (8-Ounce) Butane Cassette Stove¶

Na mbụ zuru oke na Japan (Iwatanina South Korea (Kovea / Gas One) maka iri nri ime ụlọ, na 227g Igwe ọkụ butane cassette nke mara mma na-adabere n'ime ** Gọvanọ Mkpuchi Mkpuchi Mgbaghara (Inline Regulator: - ** Gịnị kpatara ngafe pans ji akpata mgbawa butane canister (BLEVE):* N'ime akụkụ igwe aka nri nke stovu ahụ ka ọ na-anọdụ ala obere ite igwe ikuku na-ejigide 227 grams (8 ounces) nke butane mmiri mmiri n'okpuru obere ihe 2.1 bar (30 PSI) na 20°C (68°F) . Ọ bụrụ na ị na-etinye akwa skillet, stockpot (> 24 cm / 9.5 inches), ma ọ bụ griddle gafee grates ka ala nke pan gbatịa ** n'elu n'elu ebe a na-ere mmanụ ọkụ aka nri , ọkụ infrared na-egbuke egbuke na-egosipụta ozugbo n'ime ite ahụ. Ka mmiri butane na-ekpo ọkụ gafee 50°C to 60°C (122°F to 140°F), mgbanaka mkpọ dị n'ime rịgoro n'elu 5.5 to 8.0 bar (80 to 115 PSI) . - ** Kedu ka UL 147B / CSA Gọvanọ Safety na-azọpụta gị: N'elu stovu enwetara ikike (look for the UL, CSA, or ETL mark), akwa mmiri juru ** nrụgide-nrụgide nchekwa diaphragm** na-agbapụta akpa mkpọ mkpuchi na-akpaghị aka ruo "UNLOCK / EJECT" ma na-ebelata ikuku gas na 4.9 to 5.9 bar (70 to 85 PSI) . N'elu stovu adịgboroja na-akwadoghị, ite ọkụ ahụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ na-agbawa n'ime ihe mgbawa ọkụ ** mmiri na-esi nri na-agbasawanye vapor (BLEVE). - ** Ndekọ ihe nleba anya ụgbọ elu nke 5 nzọụkwụ Butane: 1. Nyochaa akara ojii ** nitrile roba O-mgbanaka** n'ime oghere ihe eji ewere ọla adịghị. 2. Tugharia ihe 227g Mpempe akwụkwọ ** ihe olu ọla edo edo edo kwụ ọtọ n'elu *** ka ya na ire ndu wee nwee mmekọrịta, wee pịa n'ihu lever gbadaa ruo "LOCK" . 3. Gee ntị na imi ruo sekọnd 3 tupu ịpịnye ọkụ ahụ (if you hear hissing, unlock immediately). 4. Jiri naanị **16 to 22 cm (6 to 8.5 inch) ite n'etiti *** na opekempe 5 cm (2 inches) nke mkpochapụ site na mkpuchi mmiri mmiri. 5. Tụgharịa lever na "UNLOCK" ma wepụ ite ahụ ozugbo i mechara mmiri esi mmiri.

2. Ethanol Gel na-arụ ọrụ (Green Sternovs Diethylene Glycol (DEG Wick) Mkpọ na-afụ ụfụ¶

Mgbe ị na-echekwa mmanụ ọkụ na-esi nri ihe mberede n'ime ụlọ dị elu ebe amachibidoro ite gas, ** klọọkụ chafing buffet azụmahịa *** na-abata n'ụdị ime ụlọ abụọ dị mma: 1. ** Jellied ethanolMethanol-Free Gel Chafing Fuel, about 72% Ethanol): *** Ọkụ maka 2.0 to 2.5 hours kwa 198g (7 oz) nwere ike na 1,200 to 1,500 BTU/hr . Zere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị ọnụ ala methanol (wood alcohol) Mkpọ gel n'ime ụlọ, nke na-emepụta vapors na-egbu egbu; zụta naanị nri-ọrụ Ethanol Gel ma ọ bụ DEG mkpọ. 2. * Liquid Diethylene GlycolDEGMkpọ fiberglass-Wick (Sterno 6-Hour Handy Wick*** Na-eji ** diethylene glycol na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe (DEG*** ewepụtara wick (flash point 143°C / 290°F). Mmiri dị n'ime ike ** enweghị ike ịgbanye ọkụ ọ bụrụgodị na ị tụba ọkụ ọkụ ozugbo n'ime ya **, na igwe dị n'èzí nwere ike ịnọ jụụ ka emetụ aka; ọ bụrụ na anụ ụlọ ma ọ bụ nwatakịrị tụnye ya, ire ọkụ na-emenyụ onwe ya n'agbasaghị ọkụ n'ala. 3. ** Iwu ire ọkụ anaghị ahụ anya: *** mmanya na-aba n'anya DEG Ọkụ na-adị ka ihe anaghị ahụ anya n'okpuru ìhè windo na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ LED. ** Gbanyụọ ire ọkụ naanị site n'ịfefe paddle snuffer metal ma ọ bụ mkpuchi tụgharịa gbadara n'ofe oghere dị elu *** (never try to blow out a gel chafing can with your breath).

Akụkụ 3: Carbon MonoxideCO) PPM ọnụ ụlọ mgbakọ na mwepụ na ebe ikuku ikuku¶

Ọbụna mmanụ gas dị ọcha dị ka butane (C4H10) na-agafe usoro kemịkalụ etiti (** carbon monoxide, CO) tupu ijikọ oxygen ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-adịghị njọ ** carbon dioxide (CO2* n'elu 1,000°C (1,832°F). - ** Gịnị kpatara ite-ala "ọkụ ọkụ" ji eme ka carbon monoxide mụbaa site 10x:** N'ime imechi 30-cubic-meter (1,060-cubic-foot) kichin, stovu butane emeziri nke ọma na-eji cones na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-emepụta ihe na-erughị ya 0.015 liters nke CO kwa elekere (staying under 10 to 15 ppm with a window cracked 5 cm). Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na ị crank burner ka 100% HIGH ya mere ntụmadị ire ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-adaba n'ebe oyi na-atụ 20°C Ala ala nke ite sara mbara, igwe oyi na-atụ oyi na mpaghara ọkụ dị n'okpuru 1,000°C (flame quenching), na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ahụ dị n'akụkụ ọkara yana ** ịba ụba ọkụ CO ihe na-epupụta 10 ugboro ruo okpukpu 25**. - ** Ndozi dị mfe (75% Medium-High Flame Setting):** Gbanwee knob ọkụ gị ka ọ bụrụ 70% to 80% (Medium-High) ya mere ọnụ ọnụ ire ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-ejisi ike susuo ala ite ahụ na-enweghị isi n'akụkụ ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị edo edo.

Carbon Monoxide gọọmentị (CO) Oke mkpughe PPM na tebụl mgbaàmà ụlọ ọgwụ¶

Akụkụ 4: Vacuum Thermos Thermal Isi nriHow to Cook Rice, Oats, Lentils, and Soup With a 2-Minute Boil)¶

Isi nri anaghị achọ ọkụ na-emeghe na-aga n'ihu: ọ chọrọ naanị ijide nri dị n'elu 82°C to 88°C (180°F to 190°F) (the starch gelatinization temperature) maka nkeji 20 ruo 45. Ozugbo mmiri ruru 100°C (212°F), ọkụ ọzọ na-esikwa mmiri dị ka uzuoku ka ọ na-ere ọkụ 85 percent nke ite mmanụ ụgbọala gị na imepụta carbon monoxide na-enweghị isi.

1. Nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ Vacuum Thermos Protocol Cooking Protocol (Using Any0.7Lto1.5LWide-Mouth Stainless Vacuum Jar)¶

1. ** Kpoo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ (Vacuum Thermos).60 Seconds):** Sie mgbakwunye 150 mL (1/2 cup) Nke mbụ, gbanye ya n'ime thermos igwe anaghị agba nchara maka ** 60 sekọnd ** ka mgbidi nchara oyi ghara izuru okpomọkụ, tụfuo mmiri ahụ tupu ịkwanye nri gị.
2. ** Weta mmiri + ihe ndị na-esi nri na obụpde siri ike maka 1 to 3 Minutes: ** Tinye mmiri a tụrụ atụ, nnu na ọka kpọrọ nkụ / pasta / lentil n'ime obere ite mkpuchi na ọkụ butane gị (or electric kettle). Mee ka o sie ike maka nkeji 1 ruo 3 **, wee ** mechie ọkụ ahụ kpamkpam **.
3. ** Jupụta Thermos ka 85%, Akàrà Kpọchie, Dina N'ahịrị:** Wunye ngwakọta na-esi esi n'ime ite ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọnụ obosara (leaving 2.5 cm / 1 inch headspace), kpochie mkpuchi mkpuchi mkpuchi, ma ** dọba thermos ahụ n'akụkụ ya ** ka ọka na-esi nri nke ọma na-enweghị ịkwakọba ala. (Maka ndị ezinụlọ 4-liter ite, weta ite mkpuchi ahụ ka obụpde nkeji 5, kechie ite ahụ na a 100% cotton akwa akwa akwa, ma mechie ya n'ime ihe nju oyi picnic nwere mkpuchi ** juru n'ọnụ na blanketị ajị n'elu maka nkeji 45 ruo 90).

2. Kpọmkwem Vacuum Thermos Water Ratios, Oge obụpde, na oge dị elu maka nri ụlọ nri kwụsiri ike.¶

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa ọkụ ime ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị¶

• United States & Canada: Kpọọ 911 maka nsi carbon monoxide a na-enyo enyo (headache, dizziness, nausea, confusion) ma ọ bụ kpọọ ** Njikwa nsi (1-800-222-1222)**. Soro US CPSC, CDC, NFPA, Health Canada, na UL 147B/ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 ụkpụrụ maka stovu butane na-ebugharị CO mkpu.
• United Kingdom, EU na Australia/NZ: Kpọọ 999 na UK (National Gas Emergency Service 0800 111 999), 112 gafee EU (EN 17476 butane oven ọkọlọtọ na EN 50291 CO Mkpu), 000 na Australia (ACCC Mandatory Standard AS 2658 maka nri nri butane cooker), ma ọ bụ 111 na New Zealand.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị¶

Kedu ihe kpatara na ọ dị mma iji stovu butane 227g ma ọ bụ Sterno chafing nwere ike ime n'ime ụlọ nwere windo gbawara agbawa, mgbe ihe ọkụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ stovu propane dị n'èzí nwere ike igbu gị?¶

Chemistry mmanụ ọkụ na imepụta ọkụ na-ekpebi ole carbon monoxide (CO) na-egbu egbu nke ọkụ na-emepụta. Briquettes unyi na-enwu ọkụ na-ere carbon siri ike n'ime akwa ikuku oxygen nke agụụ na-agụ, na-ewepụta akụkụ 10,000 ruo 30,000+ kwa nde (ppm) nke carbon monoxide nke nwere ike igbu ezinụlọ n'ime ụlọ n'ime nkeji iri na ise. Igwe ọkụ propane na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha n'èzí na-agba ọsọ na nnukwu ihe 20,000 ruo 30,000 BTU / hr nke na-eme ka ikuku oxygen dị n'ime ụlọ pụta ngwa ngwa ma na-emepụta CO plumes. N'ụzọ dị iche, UL 147B ma ọ bụ CSA-edepụtara otu-ọkụ 227-gram butane nri stovu (7,650 ka 10,000 BTU / hr) ma ọ bụ ethanol / diethylene-glycol mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike (Sterno) na-ere ọkụ obere yinye mmanụ ọkụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ-ọkụ ọkụ zuru ezu, na-ebunye ihe na-erughị 35 ppm ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-erughị 5 ppm. windo gbawara 5 ruo 10 centimita yana ihe nleba anya CO dijitalụ.

Kedu ihe kpatara stovu butane nwere obere ọkụ na-agbawa mgbe ị na-etinye nnukwu ite frying ma ọ bụ ite ngwaahịa n'elu ha?¶

N'ime stovu butane nwere ike ibufe ụdị nri ehihie ọkọlọtọ, nnukwu ite butane nwere gram 227 na-agbachi n'ime oghere igwe dị n'akụkụ mgbanaka ọkụ. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-etinye skillet sara mbara, ite, oven oven, ma ọ bụ griddle (obosara karịa 20 ruo 24 centimeters / 8 ruo 9.5 inches) na ọkụ ọkụ nke mere na pan ahụ na-ekpuchi akụkụ mmanụ ọkụ aka nri, nnukwu pan ahụ na-egosipụta okpomọkụ na-egbuke egbuke ozugbo gbadaa n'elu ite butane mechiri emechi. Ka butane mmiri dị n'ime na-ekpo ọkụ n'elu 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit), nrụrụ n'ime ya na-arịgo elu 70 ruo 100 PSI. Na-eji obere ite gbadoro ụkwụ mgbe niile nke na-adịghị agafe n'ọnụ mmiri mmanụ ụgbọala, wee zụta naanị stovu UL/CSA nwere ikike nke nwere ọkpọ-nrụgide na-akpaghị aka na-ewepụ gọvanọ nchekwa.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti Green Ethanol Gel Sterno Cans na Liquid Wick (Diethylene Glycol) Cans chafing?¶

Ha abụọ bụ mmanụ oriri na-enweghị nrụgide emebere maka ikpo ọkụ nri ime ụlọ, mana ha na-eji mmanụ dị iche iche. Green Ethanol Gel Cans nwere mmanya jelied ethyl nke na-ere ọkụ n'ofe elu nke ike ahụ maka ihe dị ka awa 2 na 1,200 ruo 1,500 BTU / hr (ọkụ na ngwa ngwa maka esi obere mmiri 0.5-lita). Mpempe mmanya na-egbu egbu nwere Diethylene Glycol (DEG) na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe nke nwere wick fiberglass na-apụta n'elu nke na-ere ọkụ ruo awa 6 ruo 8 na 850 ruo 1,100 BTU / h. N'ihi na DEG nwere ebe dị elu (143 degrees Celsius / 290 degrees Fahrenheit), nwere ike na-adị jụụ na aka na mmiri mmiri agaghị enweta ọkụ ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na a kụrụ aka n'ala, na-eme ka DEG wick na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ maka ụlọ nwere ụmụaka ma ọ bụ anụ ụlọ.

Kedu ihe kpatara na agaghị m adabere naanị na ọkọlọtọ ọkọlọtọ UL 2034 Carbon Monoxide detector mgbe m na-esi nri n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ?¶

Site na iwu, ọkọlọtọ UL 2034 carbon monoxide mkpu na-eme atụmatụ na ogologo oge iji gbochie mkpu mkpu na-agafe iyuzucha ụgbọ ala: a machibidoro ha ịfụ opi n'okpuru 30 ppm maka ụbọchị 30, na na 70 ppm, ha na-echere 60 ruo 240 nkeji (1 ruo 4 awa) tupu ha apị. Ime ụlọ dị 65 ppm nke carbon monoxide agaghị akpalite mkpu ọkọlọtọ n'oge nnọkọ nri nkeji iri anọ na ise, ma nwere ike ịkpata isi ọwụwa, ọgbụgbọ, na hypoxia dị ize ndụ n'ime ụmụ ọhụrụ, ndị inyom dị ime, na ndị ọrịa obi. Idobe ihe nlebanya CO dijitalụ nwere batrị na ihuenyo LCD dị ndụ (gosipụta ọkwa na-amalite na 10 ppm) na counter na-enye gị ohere ịhụ ịrị elu CO na 25 ppm wee mepee windo ozugbo.

Kedu otu esi esi esi nri Vacuum Thermos ("Thermal") na-echekwa 80% nke mmanụ ọkụ ọkụ mberede m?¶

Nri ọka, pasta, agwa, na ofe anaghị achọ ikpo ọkụ na-aga n'ihu; ozugbo mmiri ruru 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit), ọ ga-adị mkpa ka ọ nọrọ n'elu 85 degrees Celsius (185 degrees Fahrenheit) maka 20 ruo 40 nkeji maka starch na protein iji esi nri kpamkpam. Ime osikapa na stovu mepere emepe maka nkeji iri abụọ na ise na-emebi pasenti 85 nke mmanụ gị na-edochi okpomọkụ tụfuru n'ikuku ụlọ oyi. Site na iji mmiri ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'ọnụ obosara igwe anaghị agba nchara, sie osikapa na mmiri n'ime ite maka naanị nkeji 2, wee wụsa ya n'ime thermos na-ekpo ọkụ mechiri emechi, nri ahụ agwụchaa n'onwe ya n'ime mkpuchi ikuku na ọkụ efu na efu carbon monoxide.

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị¶

• ** US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) & erslọ Ọrụ Maka Nchịkwa na Mgbochi Ọrịa (CDC, United States): *** Mgbochi nsi Carbon Monoxide n'oge Ọkụ ọkụ na Nlebaanya Nchekwa Ọkụ n'ime ime ụlọ*.
• ** Underwriters Laboratories (UL) & Canadian Standards Association (CSA):** * UL 147B (Bata Containers na-adịghị agwụ agwụ na otu ọkụ ọkụ), ANSI Z21.72 / CSA 11.2 (Portable Type Camp Stoves), na UL 2034 (Single na Multiple Station Carbon Monoxide Alarms)
• ** National Institute for Safety and Health Ọrụ (NIOSH) & World Health Organisation (WHO):** * Ntuziaka maka ikuku ikuku maka Carbon Monoxide (9 ppm 8-hr, 26 ppm 1-hr, 35 ppm NIOSH REL, na 1,200 ppm IDLH)*.
• ** Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke US (USDA) Ọrụ Nchekwa nri na nyocha: *** * Idokwa nri nchekwa n'oge ihe mberede: 40°F ruo 140°F (4°C ruo 60°C) Mpaghara ihe egwu nje na-ejigide-Okpomọkụ isi nri*.
• ** Asọmpi Australian na Consumer Commission (ACCC):** Amanyere iwu nchekwa nchekwa AS 2658 maka ndị na-esi nri Butane nri nri ehihie (Over-Pressure Shutoff Valve & Oversized Pan Explosion Prevention).

Ntuziaka emetụtara¶

• Isi nri mberede n'ime ụlọ na-enweghị ike: mmanụ na-afụ ụfụ, Sterno, stovu butane, na ọnụ ụzọ CO
• Carbon monoxide na anwụrụ ọkụ inhalation mbụ enyemaka
• Isi nri ụlọ nri mberede yana nchekwa nri
• Idobe ọkụ n'ime ụlọ n'oge ọdịda oyi ọtụtụ ụbọchị: microclimate ụlọikwuu na akụkọ ifo terracotta
• Nchekwa nri kwụsiri ike na shelf ogologo oge: Mylar, ikuku oxygen, na atụmatụ kalori