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Tọrọ atọ n'agwaetiti Barrier Mgbe Akara Akara Akpọchiri akpọchi tupu oke oke mmiri ozuzo

Nọmba mberede dị iche na mba. Ibe a na-eji 911, nọmba maka United States na Canada. Ọtụtụ mba ndị ọzọ na-eji 112, 999, ma ọ bụ nọmba ọzọ. Chọta nọmba maka obodo gị.

Mgbe ajọ ifufe, typhoon, ma ọ bụ oké ifufe na-ekpo ọkụ na-abịaru nso n'àgwàetiti mgbochi dị ala n'akụkụ Ọwara Oké Osimiri Mexico, Atlantic Seaboard, ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa mmiri zuru ụwa ọnụ, ọnyà mgbapụ kacha egbu egbu na-eche na ị nwere ike ịchụpụ àgwàetiti ahụ ruo awa ole na ole tupu anya emee ọdịda. N'ezie, ngalaba steeti ụgbọ njem, ndị mmanye iwu n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na ndị ọrụ mberede mberede ** na-emechi anụ ahụ gbachie àkwà mmiri ndị dị elu na mgbachi bascule drawbridges n'ọnọdụ dị ala ozugbo ifufe na-adịgide adịgide rutere Tropical Storm ike nke 63 km / h (39 mph / 34 knots), na mgbe na ** 56 ruo 75 km / h (3 mph) na spa * 5 m / h. ** mita 30 (100 ụkwụ) n'elu ọnụ mmiri. Because a large hurricane's outer tropical-storm wind field extends 240 to 480 kilometers (150 to 300 miles) outward from the eye, causeway bridges routinely lock down 12 to 24 hours BEFORE the hurricane eye reaches the coast, and Low-lying causeway approach roads flood from precursor ekman setup and early storm surge runner waves even earlier. (Gulf of Mexico)

Ozugbo ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-adaba na okporo ụzọ ndị dị n'àgwàetiti dị ala na-emikpu n'okpuru ** 3 ruo 6 mita (10 ka 20 feet) ** nke oké ifufe na-efe efe nke **2-na-4-mita (6-na-13-foot) na-akụda ebili mmiri nke oké osimiri **, onye ọ bụla hapụrụ n'àgwàetiti mgbochi ahụ na-ebipụ kpamkpam na ndị uweojii, ọkụ, na ụgbọ mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụrụ na ị gbaghara nbibi àkwà mmiri ahụ ma tọrọ gị n'agwaetiti mgbochi, debanye aha ozugbo na mpaghara gị kpọmkwem na ọnụ ọgụgụ isi gị. nọmba mberede (911 na United States na Canada, 999 na United Kingdom, 112 gafee European Union, na 000 n'Australia) ya mere ndị otu obodo na-achọ na nnapụta (USAR) mgbe oké ifufe gafesịrị mara ebe ha ga-ele anya, ma nyochaa saịtị nwanne anyị nwanyị. ifufe.edu n'akụkụ ndị ndu anyị na ajọ ifufe, cyclones, na typhoons, ebili mmiri nke eze, oke mmiri ozuzo, na mkpuru mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na ntinye mmiri nnu na oke mmiri ozuzo na-efe efe nke ọma.

Mee nke a ugbu a

Ọ bụrụ n’ị nọ n’agwaetiti mgbochi ka oke mmiri ozuzo na-abịaru nso wee mụta na àkwà mmiri ndị na-akpata ụzọ na-emechi ma ọ bụ kpọchielarị:

  1. ** Ọ dịghị mgbe ị ga-agbawa ịnya ụgbọ ala n'akụkụ àkwà mmiri mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ iju mmiri juru ***:
    Na ** 63 ruo 80 km / h (39 ruo 50 mph) *** ifufe na-adịgide adịgide na ọkwa okporo ụzọ, ọsọ ifufe na ** 25-na-40-mita (80-na-130-foot) ** crest nke nnukwu eriri intracoastal dị elu bụ ** 20 ruo 35 percent elu (80 ruo 6 ph / h violet) vetikal na-ebuli elu nke na-atụgharị SUVs, gwongworo pikọp, RVs, na gwongworo igbe n'elu okporo ụzọ ihe mgbochi.
    N'otu oge ahụ, àkwà mmiri enyemaka dị ala na ụzọ ụzọ ụzọ dị n'àgwàetiti bụ akụkụ okporo ụzọ mbụ ga-ata ahụhụ ** ngwa ngwa ebili mmiri na imebi slab . Naanị ** 30 ruo 60 centimita (1 ruo 2 ụkwụ) nke mmiri nnu na-agba ọsọ ọsọ na-ekpochapụ ụgbọ ala 2,000-kilogram (4,400-paụnd) pụọ n'okporo ụzọ banye n'ọnụ mmiri.
  2. ** Hapụ ozugbo Ụlọ Slab-na-ọkwa, Ụlọ mkpanaaka, RV, ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri**:
    N'oge a Category 3, 4, ma ọ bụ 5 oké ifufe (dị ka Ajọ Ifufe Ike na Bolivar Peninsula, Hurricane Michael na Mexico Beach, ma ọ bụ Hurricane Ian na Fort Myers Beach na Sanibel Island), ** 100 pasent nke otu akụkọ slab-na-ọkwa osisi-obere osisi ma ọ bụ unreinforced masonry ụlọ na FEMAV-StallZone nwere ike na-ewu ewu n'ụlọ na FEMA V-Highwept. kpamkpam na-apụ apụ slabs ha ***, na-ahapụ naanị kọmpụta efu n'azụ.
    Agbala ajọ ifufe n'ime ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri n'ime mmiri mgbochi-agwaetiti, anọghịkwa n'ime ụlọ dị larịị, ụgbọala na-adọkpụ, ma ọ bụ ụlọ nwere otu akụkọ mgbe ị ka nwere windo nke awa 1 ruo 3 tupu imi mmiri amalite.
  3. ** Bugharịa ozugbo gaa n'ụkpụrụ mwepu kwụsiri ike (ichebe n'ala 3 ruo 5)**:
    Jiri windo ikpeazụ tupu ịwa ahụ gaa n'ụkwụ ma ọ bụ site n'okporo ụzọ dị elu dị na mpaghara gaa na nso ** ọtụtụ akụkọ gbasiri ike, ígwè-frame, ma ọ bụ ụlọ azụmahịa miri emi ** n'àgwàetiti ahụ (ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke ọgbara ọhụrụ, ụlọ elu dị elu, ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke obodo, ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ ọgbara ọhụrụ / ebe ọkụ wuru mgbe usoro iwu ụlọ nke Andrew gasịrị).
    ** Rigoro n'ala nke atọ, nke anọ, ma ọ bụ nke ise (ihe dị ka mita 9 ruo 16 / 30 ruo 55 feet n'elu ọkwa) ***:
    ** Gịnị mere na ọ bụghị ala 1 ma ọ bụ 2?** Ulo ala 1 na 2 bụ kpọmkwem n'ime ** oké ifufe na-agba ọsọ + na-akụda wave-crest zone *, ebe ** 3 ruo 7 mita (10 ka 23 ụkwụ) nke oké ifufe na-agbawa gbakwunyere na-agbaji ebili mmiri na ụgbọ ala na-ese n'elu mmiri / pilings na-etisa site na mgbidi na lobbies dị ala.
    ** Gịnị kpatara na ọ bụghị elu elu (N'elu ala 6 ruo 10)?** Ifufe ọsọ na-abawanye logarithmically na elu n'elu ala (** ifufe profaịlụ ike iwu ***); N'elu ala nke 6 ruo 8th, oke ifufe na-agbasi ike ** 15 ruo 30 pasent siri ike **, ihe mkpofu ngwa ọgụ sitere n'elu ụlọ ndị agbata obi dị njọ, na elu ụlọ elu nwere ihe ize ndụ akpụkpọ anụ na ọdịda nrụli elu.
  4. ** Ọ bụrụ na ọ tọrọ atọ n'ime ụlọ dị elu nke osisi nwere nkụ na-enweghị ihe dị elu nwere ike iru, Kwadebe maka nbipu ihe owuwu na ịzere ọnụ ụlọ ***:
    Bugharịa na ** ebe obibi obibi kachasị elu n'okpuru oghere truss ụlọ **, na-anọ na ** ime ụlọ enweghị windo ma ọ bụ paseeji nke etinyere n'akụkụ isi ihe nrụpụta etiti ma ọ bụ mpaghara ebe a na-ezere chimney ***.
    ** Ọ dịghị mgbe arịgoro n'ime ụlọ mechiri emechi, nke a na-adịghị ahụkebe na-enweghị anyụike dị arọ, sledgehammer, ma ọ bụ eriri na-emegharị ihe na-enweghị eriri ***: ọ bụrụ na oke mmiri ozuzo na-adaba n'ala nke abụọ ma ọ bụ na-ewepụ ihe ndị dị n'okpuru ala, mmiri ma ọ bụ ihe nhazi nwere ike ọnyà gị n'okpuru ala nke plywood n'elu ụlọ ebe ị ga-eri mmiri ọ gwụla ma ị nwere ngwá ọrụ ị ga-esi na-egbutu site na inch 5-inch ** 19. windo ** skylight/gable iji gbapụ n'elu ụlọ. Yiri ihe USCG Ụdị I, II, ma ọ bụ III nkeonwe (jaketị ndụ) na igwe kwụ otu ebe, ịrị elu, ma ọ bụ okpu agha kayak ** na onye ezinaụlọ ọ bụla * tupu * ịwa ahụ erute n'okporo ámá gị.
  5. ** Chebe onwe gị pụọ na ''Barrier Island Breach'' na ịsacha ndị fan ugbu a ***:
    Agwaetiti mgbochi bụ rịbọn dị warara nke ájá holocene na-adịghị agbakọba naanị ** 200 ruo 1,500 mita (650 ruo 5,000 ụkwụ) n'obosara**. Mgbe oké ifufe na-efefe n'oké osimiri, mmiri na-agba ọsọ n'àgwàetiti ahụ n'ime ọdọ mmiri azụ azụ (** overwash fan ), na ka ajọ ifufe ahụ na-agafe ma na-efegharị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ọtụtụ puku ijeri lita nke mmiri mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ gbawara azụ n'akụkụ oké osimiri, ** na-akpụ awara mmiri na-asọba n'okporo ụzọ miri emi na 6. mita kwa nkeji (6 ruo 12 ọkpọ).
    Abanyela n'ime mmiri ịsa ahụ dị n'akụkụ ụlọ, dị ka ebe zoro ezo ** 2 ruo 5-mita (6 ruo 16-foot) olulu mmiri na-emeghe n'akụkụ mkpọ mmiri na mgbidi mmiri.
  6. ** Gbanyụọ akụrụngwa, chekwaa mmiri ọñụụ dị ọhụrụ tupu nrụgide agbada, ma chekwaa nkwukọrịta ***:
    Tupu ịwa ahụ erute n'àgwàetiti ahụ, jupụta mmiri ịsa ahụ ọ bụla, bọket dị ọcha, ite, na ite mmiri na mmiri pọmpụ ọhụrụ (ihe mgbochi mmiri mmiri n'àgwàetiti ahụ na-agbaji mgbe niile mgbe ụlọ mbụ stilt na-agbanye ọkpọkọ riser ya ma ọ bụ okporo ụzọ na-enye isi ihe).
    Gbanyụọ ** isi ihe mgbawa eletriki eletrik ** na panel tupu mmiri emetụ aka n'ala ala (iji gbochie ọkụ ọkụ electrolysis nke nnu nnu na mmiri), degara ** kpọmkwem GPS nhazi, aha ụlọ, nọmba ala, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị lanarịrịnụ ** gaa na kọntaktị na-abụghị steeti na 911, na-etinyekwa smartphones na ** Ike / Airplane Mode 3) Ụbọchị 5 nke grid zuru oke na ụlọ elu ụlọ elu.

Fiziks nke ịkụ mmiri mmiri nnu: Gịnị kpatara 1 Cubic Mita nke Surge ji tụọ ihe karịrị 1 metrik ton

Ndị mmadụ maara ndụmọdụ ifufe na-eledakarị oke mmiri ozuzo anya site n'iche na ọ bụ "mmiri ịsa ahụ na-ebili." Mmiri mmiri nke jupụtara na ájá osimiri kwụsịtụrụ nwere njupụta nke 1,025 ruo 1,080 kilogram kwa cubic mita (64 ruo 67.5 pound kwa cubic ụkwụ). Otu ebili mmiri na-agbaji naanị mita 1.8 (ụkwụ 6) dị elu ** na-agba n'elu ** 3-mita (ụkwụ 10) oke mmiri ozuzo ** na-aga na ** 5 mita kwa nkeji (11 mph)** na-arụ ọrụ ngwakọta **hydrostatic + hydrodynamic + ike na-akpali akpali gafere 50 ruo 150 square kilonewton na 100 square kilo (100 square kilo kwa 1,000 square kilonewton kwa 1,0 gram kwa nkeji). Ụkwụ Nke ka njọ, ebili mmiri ahụ na-ebu ụgbọ ala ** 2-ton na-ese n'elu mmiri, mkpanaka ekwentị ndị a kpụrụ akpụ, tankị propane, na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dọwara adọwa *** na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụgbọ mmiri hydraulic na-akụrisị mgbidi mgbochi na-enweghị ike ịgbatị yana ihe nkwado osisi na-agbatị n'ime sekọnd.

Osisi mkpebi: mgbochi oke mmiri n'agwaetiti na nlanarị mgbaba kwụ ọtọ

flowchart TD
    Start["AJỤJỤ ỌJỤRỤ/OBODO NA-abịarute BARRIER Agwaetiti: ewepụtala ịdọ aka ná ntị banyere oké ifufe + mmiri ozuzo dị nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri."] --> BridgeStatus{"Ifufe na-adịgide adịgide na àkwà mmiri ndị na-akpata: ka dị n'okpuru 63 km / h (39 mph) NA okporo ụzọ akpọnwụwo?"}

    BridgeStatus -->|YES: Bridges Open & Dry| EvacNow["Wepụ n'agwaetiti mgbochi ahụ ozugbo: Echela maka ọdịda anya: àkwà mmiri na-emechi awa 12-24 n'isi: Ụgbọala n'ime ime obodo gafere mpaghara oke mmiri ozuzo."]

    BridgeStatus -->|NO: Bridges Locked Down (39+ mph) or Causeway Flooded| DoNotDrive["Mpụpụ ụgbọ ala ozugbo: Agala n'elu akwa mmiri mechiri emechi ma ọ bụ ụzọ idei mmiri juru;: nyochaa ogo ịlanarị ụlọ gị ugbu a."]

    DoNotDrive --> BuildingType{"Kedu ụdị nhazi ị nọ ugbu a?"}

    BuildingType -->|Single-Story Slab Home, Mobile Home,: Boat, RV, or Unreinforced Masonry| AbandonBuilding["NKWUKWU ABANDON TUPU MMỤTA abịarute: 1. Akpa go-bag, jaket ndụ (PFD), okpu agha, na mmiri ọñụñụ: 2. Bugharịa ozugbo gaa n'otu ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike: ma ọ bụ ebe dị n'ime ala dị elu n'àgwàetiti ahụ."]

    BuildingType -->|Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Building: (Hotel, Condo, or Concrete Parking Garage)| VerticalRefuge["Mezue PROTICAL REFUGE PROTOCOL (ala 3 ruo 5): 1. Bugharịa n'elu Ụlọ elu 2 (doro anya nke 3-7 m na-agbawa + ebili mmiri): 2. Nọrọ n'okpuru ala 6-10 (welata oke ifufe & ọdịda ụlọ): 3. Ebe nchekwa na steepụ ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ enweghị windo pụọ na iko iko."]

    BuildingType -->|Elevated Deep-Pile Stilt Home: (No Concrete High-Rise Within Reach)| StiltProtocol["Usoro nlanarị ụlọ dị elu: 1. Gbanyụọ onye na-agbaji eletrik isi & propane tank valve: 2. Yiri jaket ndụ (PFD), akpụkpọ ụkwụ mechiri emechi, na okpu agha: 3. Nọrọ n'elu ụlọ obibi kachasị elu; Abanyela n'uko ụlọ mechiri emechi na-enweghị anyụike: 4. Debe ihe enyemaka na-ese n'elu mmiri dị njikere ma ọ bụrụ na emebie pilings."]

    AbandonBuilding --> VerticalRefuge
    VerticalRefuge --> PostSurge["N'oge Anya & MGBE MGBE EBB : • Apụla n'èzí n'oge anya dị jụụ: • Chee maka oke mmiri na-eme ihe ike nke oké osimiri ebb-surge mmiri na-egbutu inlet ọhụrụ: • Mgbasa ozi helikopta USAR si n'elu ụlọ/ mbara ihu mgbe ifufe daa."]
    StiltProtocol --> PostSurge

Kedu ihe kpatara na àkwà mmiri ndị na-akpa ike ji emechi awa 12 ruo 24 tupu ọdịda ọdịda

Nnukwu ajọ ifufe ọ bụla na-emepụta akụkọ iwe nke ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri bụ ndị kwakọbara ụgbọ ala ha awa 6 tupu ọdịda ala, kwọga n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri mgbochi-agwaetiti, wee hụ mgbochi ndị uwe ojii na-egbochi ogologo oge mgbe anya ifufe ahụ ka dị ** 200 kilomita (125 kilomita) n'oké osimiri **. Ịghọta iwu injinia na arụ ọrụ na-achịkwa àkwà mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-akọwa ihe kpatara nkwụsị a ji bụrụ ihe zuru oke na enweghị nkwekọrịta:

1. Iwu 39-mph (63 km/h) Tropical Storm Force Bridge Cutoff Rule

Ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ihe mberede n'ofe Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Carolinas, na mpaghara cyclone mba ụwa na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru usoro nhazi na ikuku ikuku maka ebe dị elu na ebe a na-ebugharị ebugharị:

  1. ** Aerodynamic Rollover na akụkụ-Force n'akụkụ elu n'ogo dị elu ***:
    Akara mmiri na-eme ka ọ dị elu nke na-agafe okporo ụzọ Intracoastal (ICW) ma ọ bụ ọnụ mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri ga-ebili ** 20 ruo 30 mita (65 ruo 100 feet)* n'elu mmiri iji nye ikike ịnyagharị ụgbọ mmiri.
    N'elu mmiri mepere emepe nwere esemokwu elu efu (ogologo adịghị ike $ z_0 ihe dị ka 0.0002 ederede {m}$), ọsọ ifufe na ** 25-mita (82-ụkwụ) ** bridge deck crest bụ ** 25 ruo 35 pasent siri ike ** karịa ikuku tụrụ na ọdụ ihu igwe dị mita 10 n'ime ala.
    Mgbe ifufe na-efegharị n'ime ala kụrụ ** 63 km / h (39 mph) *, oke mmiri na-erutela ** 90 ruo 105 km / h (55 ruo 65 mph). N'ọsọ ọsọ ikuku a, ụgbọ ala ndị dị elu (ụgbọ ala ambulance, gwongworo ọkụ, ụgbọ ala, gwongworo igbe, ndị na-ama ụlọikwuu, na SUVs) na-atụfu esemokwu taya n'elu akwa mmiri mmiri, na-ahụ ike ikuku nke ikuku, na mkpọka gafee okporo ụzọ, na-egbochi ogologo mmiri dum n'etiti oké ifufe ahụ.
  2. ** Mkpọchi Drawbridge (Bascule Bridge) Mechanical Lock-down*:
    Ọtụtụ agwaetiti mgbochi na-ejikọta na ala site na ** bascule drawbridges ma ọ bụ swing bridges **.
    N'elu ** 56 ruo 63 km / h (35 ruo 39 mph) ** ifufe, na-ebuli nnukwu akwụkwọ bascule nchara na-eme dị ka ịkwanye nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri ígwè n'ime ụgbọ mmiri: ibu ifufe ga-ehulata ogwe osisi ahụ, wepụ ụgbọala ụgbọala, ma gbochie akwa mmiri ahụ ka ọ ghara imechi ọzọ.
    Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, tupu ndị mmanye iwu na ndị na-akwa akwa akwapụ maka nlanarị nke onwe ha, a ga-agbanyerịrị akwa mmiri a na-ebugharị ebugharị, kpọchie ya / kpochie ya n'okporo ụzọ mechiri emechi, ma wepụ ma ọ bụ mechie igwe eletriki ya ma ọ bụ mechie ya *** tupu oke mmiri ozuzo abanye n'ime olulu bascule.
  3. ** Ndị na-agba ọsọ n'ụsọ oké osimiri tupu ọdịda ala na nso nso ụzọ dị ala ***:
    Ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na akwa akwa akwa dị elu dị mita 25 n'elu ọnụ mmiri ahụ, ** 2-na-5-kilometer (1-to-3-mile) nke dị ala na-adaba n'okporo ụzọ ** na-ejikọta agwaetiti mgbochi ahụ na ụkwụ akwa akwa na-anọdụ naanị ** 1.0 ruo 1.8 mita (3 ruo 6 feet)** n'elu pụtara mmiri dị elu.
    Dị ka nnukwu ajọ ifufe na-efegharị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ** nke mbụ oké ifufe (Ekman Transport setup)** na-agbanye mmiri n'ọnụ mmiri ** 12 ruo 18 awa tupu anya ọdịda anya **, na-eme ka okporo ụzọ dị ala na-abịaru nso n'okporo ụzọ ebe isi mmiri dị elu dị elu na-anọgide na-akpọnwụ kpamkpam: ịmepụta "akwa na-enweghị ebe ọ bụla."

2. Ntụnyere: Ịlanahụ Ọdịdị Agwaetiti Barrier site n'akụkụ osimiri na Ụdị ụlọ

Ndị injinia na-ahụ maka mmiri na United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA Coastal Construction Manual, FEMA P-55) kewara agwaetiti mgbochi n'ime mpaghara ihe egwu mmiri dị iche iche:

Ụdị Ọdịdị & Ntọala FEMA V-Zone / VE-Zone (Egwu dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri: na-agbaji ebili mmiri \(\ge 0.9 ederede{m / 3 ft}\)) A-Zone dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri FEMA (Ihe omume na-efe efe na-agafeghị oke: Waves \(0.45\ederede ruo }0.9\ederede{m / 1.5 ruo 3 ft}\)) Omume akwadoro ma ọ bụrụ na emebichara akwa mmiri
** Otu Akụkọ Slab-na-Grade Home (osisi ma ọ bụ ngọngọ CMU)** ** Ọdachi dị egwu (90% ruo 100% nbibi) ***: ebili mmiri na-efe efe na-ebuli ụlọ ahụ dum na slab ma ọ bụ daa mgbidi na-ebu ibu. ** Nnukwu na ngụkọta ọdịda ***: Iju mmiri 1.5 ruo 3 m miri emi jupụtara ebe obibi ruo n'uko; na-agbaji ebili mmiri na-akụrisị windo/ọnụ ụzọ ma kwatuo mgbidi azụ. ** Gbahapụ ozugbo tupu ịwa ahụ abịarute ***: Bugharịa n'ụlọ kọmpụta gbasiri ike nke nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ ma ọ bụ ihe owuwu ọgbara ọhụrụ.
** Ụlọ Ochie nke Shallow-Pile Stilt (koodu tupu 1994)** ** Nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nke Scour & Pile Snap ***: Liquefaction na ájá dị mita 1.5 ruo 3 na-agba gburugburu ikpo osisi na-emighị emi na-eme ka ụlọ ahụ dabere, tụpụ ikpo ọkụ, ma ọ bụ daa n'ime sọfụ. ** Ihe ize ndụ na-agafeghị oke ma dị elu ***: Na-adị ndụ ma ọ bụrụ na onye otu nhazi kwụ ọtọ na-anọ n'elu ebili mmiri, mana a na-ewepụ steepụ, oche, na akụrụngwa. Wepụ n'elu ụlọ elu kọmpụta gbasiri ike ma ọ bụrụ na enwere ike iru ya; ọ bụrụ na a manyere gị ịnọrọ, yiri jaket ndụ na okpu agha n'elu ụlọ obibi (ọ dịghị mgbe ọ bụla n'uko ụlọ mechiri emechi).
** Ụlọ dị omimi nke ọgbara ọhụrụ (Post-2002 / Koodu ASCE 24)** ** Emebere ya ka ịlanahụ Wave Pass-Site na *: Osisi a kpụrụ akpụ ma ọ bụ ikpo kọmpụta agbakwunyere ** 6 ruo mita 12 (20 ruo 40 ụkwụ) miri emi nwere mgbidi gbajiri agbaji nke ala na-ekwe ka ebili mmiri na ebili mmiri gafere n'okpuru. ** Ọnụnọ nlanarị dị elu **: Isi ụlọ dị elu dị elu karịa Iju Mmiri Iju Mmiri (BFE) + freeboard na-adị ndụ na-arị elu, n'agbanyeghị na mmiri miri emi na irighiri ihe gbara ya gburugburu. Ebe nchekwa n'ime ime ụlọ enweghị windo n'elu ala dị elu; gbanyụọ ike na propane; Kwadebe maka ịnọpụ iche mgbe steepụ gachara.
** Ọtụtụ akụkọ agbakwunyere ihe siri ike / igwe dị elu (Deep Caisson / Pile Foundation)** ** Ịlanahụ Ọdịdị Kasị Elu (Ebe mgbaba n'ebe kwụ ọtọ) ***: caissons/piles dị omimi na-eguzogide mkparị; Mgbidi ndị gbawara agbawa n'ọnụ ụlọ dị ala na-achụ àjà ebe ala ụlọ kọntakịrị dị elu ka na-emebibeghị. ** Ịlanahụ Ihe Nhazi Kachasị Elu ***: Iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe n'usoro megide ịwa ahụ na ebili mmiri; ala elu na-eche ifufe na ihe egwu enyo efe efe ihu naanị. ** Ebe mgbaba kacha mma na Island ***: Ebe nchekwa na ** Ulo ala 3, 4, ma ọ bụ 5 ** n'ime ime ụlọ steepụ kọmpụta siri ike ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ etiti enweghị windo.

Hydrodynamics nke ihe mgbochi agwaetiti na-asachapụ ndị na-efe efe na mmebi mbata

Ịghọta ka àgwàetiti mgbochi na-esi emegharị onwe ya n'oge nnukwu ajọ ifufe dị oké mkpa ka ị ghara ịga ije ma ọ bụ nọrọ n'ebe a na-eme ihe n'àgwàetiti **:

1. Nkeji 1: Foredune Overtopping na overwash Fan mpempe akwụkwọ eruba

  • Ka ajọ ifufe nke dị n'ikpere mmiri na-amanye nnukwu mmiri nke oké osimiri (** oké ifufe na-efe efe**) n'akụkụ osimiri dị n'akụkụ oké osimiri, ebili mmiri na-agbawa agbawa na-emebi ma na-emebisịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịdi),** ịkachasịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsịsị akwụkwọ) na-adaba n'ala (** oké ifufe na-adaba n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ).
  • Ozugbo ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-agbakọta ọnụ na ebili mmiri na-arị elu karịa elu elu nke agwaetiti mgbochi ahụ (nke na-abụkarị ** 2 ruo 4 mita / 6.5 ruo 13 feet ** n'elu oke osimiri), mmiri oké osimiri na-aga n'ihu n'ofe obosara nke agwaetiti ahụ n'akụkụ ọdọ mmiri azụ azụ na mpempe akwụkwọ na-agba ọsọ ọsọ a na-akpọ ** overwash **.
  • Oke mmiri na-ekpochapụ na-ewepụ okporo ụzọ asphalt, lie ala n'okpuru ** 1 ruo 2 mita (3 ruo 6.5 ụkwụ) nke ájá osimiri a na-ebufe (ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ) **, na-agbapụta miri emi ** oghere mmebi nke nwere akpụkpọ ụkwụ (1.5 ruo 4 mita / 5 ruo 13 feet miri) *** gburugburu ala nke ogidi ụlọ, ọdọ mmiri mmiri, na mmiri mmiri.

2. Nkeji 2: The Seaward Ebb-Surge "Mmebi" (Mgbe New Inlets Bee Island na Half)

  • N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ọwa kachasị dị omimi na nke na-emebi emebi na-ebipụ n'agwaetiti mgbochi na-emekarị ** mgbe anya ifufe gafechara ** n'oge ntụgharị ikuku azụ azụ (ebb-surge phase)**:
    N'ime ọkara mbụ nke ajọ ifufe ahụ, ifufe dị n'ikpere mmiri kwakọbara nnukwu mmiri ** 3 ruo 5 mita (10 ruo 16 feet) dị elu ** n'ime ọdọ mmiri na-emighị emi ma ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri n'azụ agwaetiti mgbochi ahụ.
    Ozugbo anya na-agafe na ifufe nke ifufe na-efegharị na mberede na-atụgharị ** ogo 180 ka ọ fepụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri (si n'ọnụ mmiri ahụ laghachi azụ n'oké osimiri) **, nke ahụ dum tọrọ atọ n'ime oke osimiri na-adaba n'akụkụ ** enweghị nchebe, obere elu bayshore n'akụkụ ** nke agwaetiti mgbochi ahụ.
    Ịchọta ụzọ kacha warara, nke dị ala n'ofe agwaetiti ahụ: ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mgbe niile ** okporo ụzọ ịnweta osimiri, isi ọwa mmiri, ma ọ bụ ebe dị ala ebe ọwa mmiri mkpịsị aka na-erute n'oké osimiri **: mmiri mmiri ahụ a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ na-egbutu dị ka hydraulic na-egwupụta ihe kwụ ọtọ n'ofe agwaetiti ahụ, na-egwupụta ** akara tidal nke dị mita 50 ruo 1 ruo 3000 (1000 ụkwụ) Mita 8 (10 ruo 26 ụkwụ) miri *** n'ime awa 2, na-asachapụ ụlọ ọ bụla, okporo ụzọ na akwa mmiri na-abịarute n'ụzọ ya.

Edola ebe nchekwa n'olu mkpịsị aka-ọwa mmiri ma ọ bụ na-emegide ụzọ mbelata nke osimiri-Access

Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ahọrọ ụlọ ndo n'agwaetiti mgbochi n'oge mkpọchi akwa mmiri na mberede, lelee maapụ obosara nke agwaetiti ahụ: ** ahọrọla ụlọ dị n'akụkụ “pinch point” nke agwaetiti ahụ, n'isi nke ọwa mmiri mkpịsị aka gbajiri agbaji nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ metụ osimiri, ma ọ bụ ozugbo na njedebe nke obere okporo ụzọ gbutuo n'obere nnukwu ụlọ. Ndị ahụ kpọmkwem topographic dị ala notches na-arụ ọrụ dị ka eke spillways ebe oke mmiri na ebb-mwa mmiri na-elekwasị anya n'ịwa ọhụrụ inlets oké osimiri n'oge oké ifufe Category 3 ruo 5 omume (dị nnọọ ka Ajọ Ifufe Katrina ebibiri Dauphin Island, Ajọ Ifufe Sandy mebiri Mantoloking na Fire Island, na Hurricane Ian nke a pịrị apị n'ofe North Captiches n'okporo ụzọ na Sani Captiva). Họrọ akụkụ sara mbara, dị elu nke spain agwaetiti nke ejiri ụlọ kọmpụta nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ gbadoro ụkwụ.

Usoro nlanarị nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ n'ime ebe mgbaba kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụrụ ọtọ

1. Otu esi agbaba nke ọma na ala 3 ruo 5 nke ụlọ ihe owuwu

Ọ bụrụ na ị pụọ n'akụkụ n'àgwàetiti ahụ gaa n'ụlọ nkwari akụ nke nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ, condominium, ma ọ bụ ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala nke ime obodo tupu ịwa ahụ abịarute:

  1. ** kpakọrịta ohere ịnweta nchekwa ndụ ozugbo *: N'oge oke mmiri dị nso na Atiya 3 ruo 5 mgbe akwa mmiri gbachiri, nkuzi ihe mberede nke oke osimiri na-amata ** mgbapụ kwụ ọtọ dị ka mkpa nchekwa ndụ. Banye n'ime ** steepụ ọkụ kọmpụta siri ike nke ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ebuli elu na-enweghị windo na ala nke 3, 4 ma ọ bụ nke ise ***.
  2. ** Ejila Elevator eme ihe ọ bụla: Igwe ọkụ dị n'akụkụ mmiri na-ada awa tupu oke elu dị ka nnu nnu na-akpata ** insulator flashover ** na transformers, na oke mmiri na-arị elu na-eju olulu mbuli elu ala. Jiri ** ihe mgbago mgbago ọkụ *** naanị.
  3. ** Mepụta ihe mgbochi ikuku nke nwere ọnụ ụzọ abụọ ***:
    N'elu elu nke 4th-floor, ifufe ifufe nwere ike imebi ọnụ ụzọ enyo na windo mpụta. Ozugbo windo mpụta gbawara n'akụkụ ikuku, ** nrụgide nkwụghachi n'ime *** na-agba ọsọ nke ukwuu, na-afụpụ akụkụ akọrọ nke ime ma na-akụtu ọnụ ụzọ paseeji. Nọdụ n'ime ** ihe mkpuchi steepụ steepụ ọkụ ** ma ọ bụ ** ọnụ ụzọ enweghị windo, na-edobe ma ọ dịkarịa ala ** ọnụ ụzọ abụọ mechiri emechi ** n'etiti onwe gị na windo iko mpụta ọ bụla.
  4. ** N'ime ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala mepere emepe ***:
    Ọ bụrụ na ị na-echekwa na oche nke atọ ma ọ bụ nke anọ nke ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na-adọba ụgbọala na-emepe emepe, ** eguzola n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè mepere emepe **, yana ** anọla n'ime ụgbọ ala dọwara na ọkwa 1 ma ọ bụ 2 **. Ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa dị n'ime ụlọ elu ụlọ elu steepụ ụkwụ kwụchiri emechi ** na ọkwa 3 ma ọ bụ 4, ma ọ bụ dọba ụgbọ ala dị arọ n'akụkụ ogidi ụlọ etiti dị na ọkwa 3 ma ọ bụ 4 ** pụọ na elu ụlọ mepere emepe, kpachie wiil niile, tinye breeki ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala, na ebe nchekwa n'ime ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ n'azụ mgbidi shea nke etiti.

2. Ịlanarị n'ime ụlọ dị elu ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri abata n'ime ụlọ obibi

Ọ bụrụ na ị tọrọ atọ n'ime ụlọ obibi na pilings na oke mmiri ozuzo na-arị elu elu elu nke mbụ:

  1. ** Yiri jaket ndụ gị (PFD) na okpu agha n'ime ụlọ *: Okenye na nwata ọ bụla kwesịrị ịnwe jaket mkpuchi ndụ na okpu agha, yana ** mmiri anaghị ekpuchi mmiri, oriọna na-adịghị mmiri, na mma nnapụta jikọtara ya na vest.
  2. ** Debe ọnụ ụzọ ikuku na windo; Mepee windo Leeward naanị ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-ebili n'ime ***:
    Mgbe ị na-echebe megide ifufe, na-emechi ọnụ ụzọ mpụ niile, ihe mkpuchi mmiri ozuzo, na windo ka ikuku dị n'ime ya ghara ịwụpụ elu ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na oké mmiri ozuzo amalite idei mmiri ** n'ime ** ime ụlọ gị dị elu, ** mepee ma dozie windo ma ọ bụ ọnụ ụzọ n'akụkụ LEEWARD (ikuku / ebe nchekwa) nke ụlọ ahụ ** yabụ ị nwere ụzọ ọpụpụ mmiri kwụ ọtọ ozugbo ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri na-ebili n'uko ụlọ.
  3. ** Iwu Ọnyà Ọnwụ nke Attic ***:
    Alaghachila azụ n'uko ụlọ gbachiri emechi, ọ gwụla ma mmiri amapụrụ gị n'ọnụ ụlọ ọ bụla dị n'okpuru ebe ị na-ebu anyụike na-egbutu osisi, mmanya na-emebi emebi, ma ọ bụ sledgehammer (na n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị ebe ụlọ elu nwere ** gable-end louver vent or skylight ** ị nwere ike ịgbapụ). Ọkọlọtọ ikuku nke akpọrọ plywood n'elu ụlọ (** 16 ruo 19 mm / ⅝ ruo ¾ inch thick *** a kpọgidere ya na mbọ mgbanaka) ** enweghị ike ịgbatị ma ọ bụ tụọ aka meghere ***.
  4. ** Kwadebe ebe mgbaba na-ese n'elu mmiri naanị ka ebe ezumike ikpeazụ zuru oke ***:
    Ọ bụrụ na ebili mmiri na-amalite na-agbaji ụlọ ahụ, ihe owuwu ahụ na-amalite ịgbawa n'ime mmiri ahụ, na-enwe ** ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri ** (dị ka ụgbọ mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, ụgbọ mmiri, ma ọ bụ igwe mkpuchi dị arọ) jikọtara ya na eriri nylon mita 15 (ụkwụ 50) na mma a na-ahapụ ngwa ngwa na-asachapụ n'elu osisi na-enye ohere ka ha nọrọ n'elu osisi.

Ịlanahụ Oké Ifufe mgbe n'Agwaetiti Cut-Off Barrier (Ụbọchị 1 ruo 5)

Mgbe ajọ ifufe ahụ gafechara wee laghachi azụ, a na-emebikarị àkwà mmiri ndị na-akpata, site na ụgbọ mmiri na-asachapụ na ájá na-egbochi ya, ma ọ bụ ihe mgbochi ụzọ na-efu, nke pụtara ** ọ dịghị ụgbọ ala nwere ike ịnya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ pụọ n'àgwàetiti ahụ maka ụbọchị 2 ruo 7 **.

** Zere Ijegharị n'Ajá Mgbochi na Iri ahịhịa : Mwakpo oké ifufe na-ahapụ puku kwuru puku mbọ nchara gbagoro agbagọ, iko gbajiri agbaji, ngịga gbawara agbawa, na agwọ na-egbu egbu (cottonmouths na rattlesnakes)* na ** ọkụ ndanda. Yiri akpụkpọ ụkwụ nwere oke na uwe aka akpụkpọ anụ.
**Aṅụla mmiri mgbata ma ọ bụ olulu mmiri **: Ihe mgbochi mmiri niile dị n'agwaetiti na olulu mmiri na-emighị emi bụ mmiri nsị, mmiri nnu na mmanụ ala. Na-a ṅụọ naanị mmiri e mechiri emechi ruo mgbe ndị ọchịchị buliri obụpde ma ọ bụ aṅụla ọkwa.
** Otu esi egosi akara ngosi US Coast Guard na Helicopters National Guard **: Debe ihe dị elu ** oroma na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ tarp fluorescent ma ọ bụ mpempe akwụkwọ ** n'elu ụlọ mepere emepe ma ọ bụ ekpochapụ ájá ájá **"SOS" ma ọ bụ "Enyemaka" **, gbanye ihe ngosi ** ma ọ bụ ọkụ ọkụ LED na-egbuke egbuke ** n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, ma fegharịa ogwe aka abụọ n'elu n'elu (*) ogwe aka weliri elu na otu ala = Ọ dịghị enyemaka achọrọ).

Nọmba mberede mpaghara na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ

Mpaghara / Obodo Nọmba Mberede Ajọ Ifufe dị n'ụsọ osimiri & ụlọ ọrụ nnapụta Usoro nbipu & Usoro nnapụta mgbe oke ifufe gasịrị
United States (Gulf nke Mexico na Atlantic Coast) (Gulf of Mexico) 911 (US Coast Guard Channel 16 VHF / *CG) National Hurricane Center (NHC / NOAA), FEMA, US Coast Guard (USCG), State DOTs & Njikwa Mberede (FDEM, TDEM, NCDPS) Akara mmiri na-agbachi agbachi na ** ikuku na-adịgide adịgide nke 39 ruo 45 mph (63 ruo 72 km / h)**. Ọ bụrụ na ọ tọrọ atọ, kpọọ ma ọ bụ degara 911 ozi na ezigbo nhazi GPS yana ọkwa ala maka oke mmiri ozuzo USCG MH-60/MH-65 helikopta hoist ma ọ bụ FEMA Urban Search and Rescue (USAR) mmịpụta ụgbọ mmiri.
** Caribbean, Mexico na Central America *** 911 (ma ọ bụ 112) SINAPROC (Mexico), CDEMA (Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mberede Ọdachi Ọdachi nke Caribbean), Ọrụ Meteorological Mba Ihe mgbochi dị n'akụkụ osimiri, mpaghara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ (Cancun/Cozumel/Isla Mujeres, Ambergris Caye, Bahamas out-island) na-amanye mmechi mmiri na ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge ma jiri ahapụtara ** ebe nchekwa ifufe siri ike (Refugios Anticiclónicos)** n'elu ala etiti.
Australia ** 000** ( Enyemaka Oké Ifufe SES: ** 132 500 **) Ụlọọrụ nke Meteorology (BoM), Ọrụ Mberede steeti (SES), QFES, DFES, Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) Mpaghara ịdọ aka na ntị nke Cyclone Okpomọkụ n'ofe Queensland, NT, na Western Australia na-egbochi agwaetiti na ụzọ ndị dị ala; ndo n'ime injinia Cyclone Shelters ma ọ bụ n'elu elu elu amụma oke ifufe tide ife crest larịị.
** Japan, Taiwan, Philippines na East Asia *** 119 / 110 (Japan: Coast Guard 118) / 911 (Philippines) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Central Weather Administration (Taiwan), PAGASA (Philippines) Àkwà mmiri dị elu nke dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na àgwàetiti mgbake na-emechi ụzọ n'oge mpaghara ifufe na-eme ihe ike nke Typhoon (\(\ge 20\text{to }25\text{m/s}\)); Ndị obodo na-akọwapụta kọmpụta ọtụtụ akụkọ dị iche iche ** Ụlọ mgbapụ kwụ ọtọ (津波・高潮避難ビル)** maka oke mmiri ozuzo na mgbaba tsunami.
United Kingdom & European Union (North Sea/Atlantic) 999 (UK) / 112 (EU) UK Met Office, Environment Agency, HM Coastguard, Rijkswaterstaat (Netherland), MeteoAlarm Agwaetiti mgbochi oke osimiri North (Agwaetiti Frisia / Osimiri Wadden, Agwaetiti Mersea, Holy Island / Lindisfarne ụzọ ụzọ) na-eme ka mmechi nke oke mmiri ozuzo siri ike; Kpọọ 999/112 wee rịọ maka *Coastguard ma ọ bụrụ na oke mmiri ozuzo ebibie ya.

Ajụjụ a na-ajụkarị

Kedu ihe kpatara ndị uwe ojii ji kpọchie àkwà mmiri mgbochi mmiri mgbe anwụ ka na-awụpụ na oke mmiri ozuzo ka dị awa 14?

Ndị na-ahụ maka ihe mberede adịghị emechi àkwà mmiri dabere na mgbe etiti (anya) nke ifufe ahụ rutere; ha na-emechi àkwà mmiri mgbe ifufe oyi na-atụ nke 63 km / h (39 mph) rutere n'ụsọ oké osimiri, nke na-emekarị awa 12 ruo 24 tupu anya abata. Ozugbo ifufe na-adịgide adịgide rutere 63 km / h na ọkwa ala, ikuku ikuku na elu nke elu nke mita 25 dị elu (80-foot) nke na-ebute ụzọ na-eru 90 ruo 105 km / h (55 ruo 65 mph), na-atụgharị ụgbọ ala ndị dị elu ma na-eme ka ọ ghara ikwe omume maka gwongworo ma ọ bụ ambulances iji kpochapụ ihe mebiri emebi. A ga-akpọchikwara àkwà mmiri ndị a na-ebugharị ebugharị n'ụzọ a na-eji ígwè arụ ọrụ ma chụpụkwa ihe ndị dị n'àkwà mmiri tupu oke mmiri ozuzo eruo olulu ọkụ eletrik.

Kedu ihe kpatara na ọ dị mma ịdo n'ala nke atọ, nke anọ, ma ọ bụ 5th nke ụlọ simenti kama ịga n'ụzọ niile ruo n'elu ụlọ elu?

Mwepụ kwụ ọtọ na-achọ ịhazi ike abụọ na-emegide onwe ya: mmiri na-esi n'okpuru na-ebili na ifufe na-esi n'elu pụta. Mwakpo oké ifufe jikọtara ya na ebili mmiri na-agbaji na nnukwu ajọ ifufe na-erute 4 ruo 8 mita (13 ruo 26 feet) n'elu ọkwa ala, nke na-ebibi ala nke mbụ na nke abụọ nke ụlọ dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Ozugbo ị rutere n'ala nke atọ ruo nke ise (9 ruo 16 mita / 30 ruo 55 feet elu), ị nọ n'enweghị nsogbu n'elu mmiri na irighiri ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri mgbe ị na-ezere ọsọ ọsọ nke ikuku logarithmic, ngwa agha gravel na-efe efe, na ọdịda elu ụlọ elu nke na-ada n'elu ala.

Kedu ihe dị iche n'etiti mpaghara FEMA V-Zone na mpaghara A-Zone n'agwaetiti mgbochi, gịnị kpatara o ji dị mkpa ma ọ bụrụ na m tọrọ atọ?

Na maapụ ihe ize ndụ idei mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, FEMA V-Zone ( Mpaghara Velocity Wave Zone) na-akọwapụta oke osimiri na ekpughere akụkụ dị n'akụkụ mmiri nke agwaetiti mgbochi ebe oke mmiri ozuzo dị omimi iji kwado ebili mmiri 0.9 (ụkwụ 3) ma ọ bụ karịa. Na-agbaji ebili mmiri nke 0.9 mita ma ọ bụ karịa na-emepụta ndị agha mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ nke na-ekpochapụ ụlọ ndị nwere ụlọ elu kpamkpam na ntọala ha. Ahụmahụ mpaghara A-Zone na-arị elu idei mmiri nwere obere ebili mmiri (n'okpuru 0.9 mita), n'agbanyeghị na mpaghara A-akụkụ osimiri (ebili mmiri 0.45 ruo 0.9 mita / 1.5 ruo 3 ụkwụ) ka nwere ike daa mgbidi obibi. Ọ bụrụ na ị tọrọ atọ mgbe akpọchichi akwa akwa, ịpụ na mpaghara V-Zone n'ime ụlọ nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ bụ ihe kacha dịrị gị mkpa.

Gịnị mere ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi ndị na-agbawa n'àgwàetiti na okporo ụzọ ndị a na-ekpochapụ anya ji eme MGBE anya oké ifufe ahụ gafere karịa ka ọ dị na mbụ?

Tupu anya abịarute, ifufe nke dị n'ikpere mmiri na-efefe mmiri dị n'oké osimiri gafere n'agwaetiti ahụ na-egbochi ya wee jide nnukwu oke mmiri ozuzo n'ime ọdọ mmiri na-emighị emi ma ọ bụ n'ọnụ mmiri dị n'azụ agwaetiti ahụ. Ozugbo anya oké ifufe ahụ gafere na ifufe na-atụgharị 180 degrees ka ọ fepụ n'ikpere mmiri site na ala mmiri gawa n'oké osimiri ahụ, oke osimiri ahụ dum gbagoro n'ime ala na-agbago azụ n'ike azụ n'akụkụ mmiri dị ala, na-enweghị nchebe nke agwaetiti ahụ mgbochi. Mwakpo nke oke osimiri a na-elekwasị anya n'obere okporo ámá dị obere na n'olu mkpịsị aka dị warara, na-enyocha ọnụ ụzọ mmiri ọhụrụ dị omimi n'agwaetiti ahụ n'ime awa ole na ole.

Ọ bụrụ na m tọrọ n'ime ụlọ nwere okpukpu abụọ nke osisi, mmiri na-efe efe na-amalite na-arịgo steepụ gaa n'ala nke abụọ, gịnị kpatara na m agaghị arịgoro n'uko ụlọ ma mechie oghere ahụ?

Ịrịgoro n'uko ụlọ mechiri emechi na-enweghị anyụike gbutu oke ma ọ bụ sledgehammer akpatala ọnwụ ọtụtụ narị oke mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri abata n'ime oghere dị n'uko, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na ebili mmiri na-akụda ụlọ ahụ n'ọnụ mmiri, ị ga-abanye n'ime pyramid osisi gbara ọchịchịrị nke dị n'okpuru 19-millimita (0.75-inch) nke a na-agbanye n'oké ifufe nke na-agaghị ekwe omume ịkụtu ma ọ bụ jiri aka meghee ya. Banye naanị n'uko ụlọ ma ọ bụrụ na mmiri ejupụtala kpamkpam n'ala dị n'okpuru ebe a ma ị nwere anyụike, ịkwọ ụgbọala, ma ọ bụ windo gable iji banye ozugbo n'elu ụlọ dị n'èzí mgbe ị na-eyi jaket ndụ.

  • Ntuziaka a bụ maka ebumnuche ozi, ọ dịghịkwa edochi iwu ịpụnarị mmadụ. Gaa na saịtị nwanne anyị nwanyị ifufe.edu maka nkwadebe cyclone zuru oke, ma tụlee ị nweta enyemaka mbụ na usoro CPR site na Red Cross ma ọ bụ St John Ambulance.

Ntuziaka emetụtara

Isi mmalite na nduzi ọchịchị

  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) & National Hurricane Center (NHC, United States): Nleba anya nleba anya nke oke mmiri ozuzo, oge ikuku na-abịa na Tropical-Storm Force (39 mph Cutoff), na Barrier Island overwash Hazard Guide.
  • Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Mberede Federal (FEMA, United States): * Akwụkwọ ntuziaka n'ụsọ oké osimiri (FEMA P-55): Mmiri mmiri na-ebu ibu, V-Zone vs. Coastal A-Zone Failure Modes, Scour around Pilings, and Vertical Evacuation Design (FEMA P-646)*.
  • Usoro ihe egwu dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na nke mmiri na akụrụngwa nke United States United States Geological Survey (USGS)
  • United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) & State Departments of Transportation (FDOT / TxDOT / NCDOT): * High-Span Coastal Bridge Wind Closure Thresholds, Bascule Drawbridge Lockdown Protocols, na Post-Surge Bridge Scour Inspection*.
  • Bureaulọ Ọrụ Ọstrelia nke Meteorology (BoM) & Ọrụ Ọkụ na Mberede na Queensland (QFES): * Mpaghara Mgbapụ Ọkụkụ nke Oké Ifufe, Inundation Barrier Island Causeway Inundation, na Ntuziaka ebe mgbaba kwụ ọtọ*.