Yokhazikika pachilumba Chotchinga Pamene Milatho ya Causeway Itsekeka Mphepo Yamkuntho Isanayambike¶

Pamene mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho, kapena mphepo yamkuntho ikufika pachilumba chotsika pansi pa Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Seaboard, kapena mashelufu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, msampha woopsa kwambiri wopulumukira ukuganiza kuti mutha kuyendetsa chilumbachi mpaka maola angapo diso lisanagwe. Zowonadi, madipatimenti aboma a zoyendera, oyendetsa malamulo am'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi oyang'anira zadzidzidzi ** amatseka milatho yotalikirapo ndikutseka mabwalo oyenda pang'onopang'ono mphepo ikafika ku Tropical Storm mphamvu ya 63 km / h (39 mph / 34 mfundo) **, ndipo nthawi zambiri pa 54 / h * 56 km * 3 mph * 72 okwera kutalika 30 mita (100 mapazi) pamwamba pa bay. Chifukwa mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho yamkuntho yamkuntho imapitirira 240 mpaka 480 makilomita (150 mpaka 300 miles) kunja kwa diso, **milatho yolowera m'mphepete mwa nyanja imatseka nthawi zonse maola 12 mpaka 24 diso la mkuntho lisanafike kumphepete mwa nyanja **, ndipo misewu yopita kumtunda imayandikira njira yoyambira kusefukira kwamadzi. mafunde othamanga othamanga ** ngakhale kale.

Zitseko zikangotsika ndipo misewu yotsika ya pachilumbachi imamira pansi pa 3 mpaka 6 mita (10 mpaka 20 mapazi) yamphepo yamkuntho yomwe ili ndi ** 2-to-4-mita (6-to-13-foot) kumenya mafunde a m'nyanja **, munthu aliyense wosiyidwa pachilumba chotchinga amachotsedwa kwathunthu kwa apolisi, moto, ndi ma ambulansi. Ngati mudaphonya njira yodutsira mlatho ndipo mwasokonekera pachilumba chotchinga, lembani nthawi yomweyo komwe muli komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu amdera lanu. manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 999 ku United Kingdom, 112 ku European Union, ndi 000 ku Australia) kotero kuti magulu ofufuza ndi kupulumutsa anthu pambuyo pa mphepo yamkuntho (USAR) amadziwa komwe angayang'ane, ndikuwunikanso tsamba lathu la alongo. mphepo yamkuntho.wotsogolera pamodzi ndi otsogolera athu mphepo yamkuntho, mvula yamkuntho, ndi mvula yamkuntho, mafunde amphamvu, mvula yamkuntho, ndi kusefukira kwa nyanja,ndi kulowetsedwa kwa madzi amchere ndi mvula yamkuntho kuwononga chitsime.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

Ngati muli pachilumba chotchinga pamene chimphepo chamkuntho chikuyandikira ndikudziwa kuti milatho yamisewu ikutseka kapena yatseka kale:

1. OSAYANG'ANIRA Kuwoloka Mlatho Wotsekedwa Kapena Msewu Wosefukira wa Madzi:

   Pa 63 mpaka 80 km/h (39 mpaka 50 mph) mphepo yokhazikika pamsewu, liwiro la mphepo pa 25-to-40-mita (80-to-130-foot) mlatho wamtunda wautali kwambiri wa intracoastal ndi 20 mpaka 35 peresenti yokwera (80 mpaka 80 mpaka 6 mph 110 mph) to ma vortices okwera omwe amatembenuza ma SUV, magalimoto onyamula, ma RV, ndi magalimoto amabokosi pamwamba pa njanji za konkriti.

   Panthawi imodzimodziyo, milatho yotsika kwambiri komanso njira zapazilumba ndizoyambira misewu yoyamba kuvutika **kuthamanga kwa mafunde amphamvu ndi kufooketsa ma slab **. Kungoti 30 mpaka 60 centimita (1 mpaka 2 mapazi) yamadzi amchere omwe akuyenda mwachangu kenako amasesa galimoto yolemera makilogalamu 2,000 (mapaundi 4,400) kuchoka panjira yolowera mumsewu.

2. **Siyani Nthawi yomweyo Kunyumba KwaNthawi Imodzi, Nyumba Yam'manja, RV, kapena Boti **:

   Panthawi ya mvula yamkuntho ya 3, 4, kapena 5 (monga Hurricane Ike pa Bolivar Peninsula, Hurricane Michael ku Mexico Beach, kapena Hurricane Ian pa Fort Myers Beach ndi Sanibel Island), **100 peresenti ya matabwa amtundu umodzi wamatabwa kapena osakanizidwa mu FCoasts High Masonry Wave Zone) amatha kuseseredwa pamiyala yawo ya konkire **, ndikusiya konkriti yopanda kanthu.

   Musamakwere mkuntho m'boti kapena yacht m'mphepete mwa chilumba chotchinga, ndipo musamakhale m'kanyumba kakang'ono, kalavani, kapena nyumba yansanjika imodzi mukadali ndi zenera la maola 1 mpaka 3 kuti kusefukira kwa madzi kusanayambe.

3. Samukani Nthawi Yomweyo Kukapangidwe Kabwino Kokokerako Konkire (Kugona Pansanja 3 mpaka 5):

   Gwiritsani ntchito zenera lomaliza lisanayambike kuti musunthe wapansi kapena pamsewu wamtunda wapafupi kupita kufupi ** konkriti yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri, chimango chachitsulo, kapena nyumba yazamalonda yozama ** pachilumbachi (hotelo yamakono ya konkire, kondomu yapamwamba, garaja ya konkire yoyimitsa magalimoto, kapena chipatala chamakono / malo ozimitsa moto omwe adamangidwa pambuyo pa malamulo okhwima omangira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Andrew).

   Kwerani mpaka pansi pa 3, 4, kapena 5^th (pafupifupi 9 mpaka 16 mita / 30 mpaka 55 mapazi pamwamba pa giredi):

   BWINO OSATI BWANJI 1 kapena 2? Pansanja 1 ndi 2 zili mkati molunjika **malo amphepo yamkuntho + malo ozungulira mafunde **, komwe 3 mpaka 7 mita (mamita 10 mpaka 23) yamkuntho kuphatikiza mafunde akusweka ndi magalimoto oyandama/mipiringidzo imaphwanya makoma apansi.

   BWANJI OSATI Pamwamba Pamwamba (Pamwamba Pamwamba pa 6 mpaka 10)? Liwiro la mphepo limakwera motengera kutalika kwa nthaka (lamulo la mphamvu ya mbiri ya mphepo); Pamwamba pa nsanjika ya 6 mpaka 8, mphepo yamkuntho imakhala yolimba kuposa 15 mpaka 30 peresenti **, zinyalala za mizinga yochokera ku madenga oyandikana nawo zimakhala zowopsa, ndipo madenga apansi apansi amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nembanemba ndi kulephera kukweza makoma.

4. **Ngati Mutsekeredwa M'kati mwa Nyumba Yokwera Yamatabwa Yopanda Konkriti Yokwera Yokwera, Konzekerani Kusweka Kwamapangidwe ndi Kupewa Panyumba **:

   Pitani ku **pachipinda chogona chapamwamba kwambiri chomwe chili pansi pa denga la denga **, kukhala mu **chipinda chopanda zenera kapena mumsewu wokulungidwa mozungulira pakati pakumeta ubweya kapena malo opewera chimney **.

   **OSATI kukwera m'chipinda chotsekedwa, chosatsegulidwa popanda nkhwangwa yolemera, nyundo, kapena macheka opanda zingwe **: ngati mphepo yamkuntho ikukwera pansanjika yachiwiri kapena kumasula zotsalira zapansi, madzi kapena kugwa kwapangidwe kungakugwireni pansi pa denga la plywood komwe mudzamira pokhapokha mutakhala ndi 5-inch (700)- chop-inch (700) - 7. plywood decking ** kapena ** skylight / gable zenera ** kuthawira padenga.

   Valani USCG Mtundu wa I, II, kapena III chipangizo choyandama chaumwini (jekete la moyo) ndi *njinga, kukwera, kapena chisoti cha kayaking ** kwa aliyense wa m'banja * asanafike opaleshoniyo ikufika mumsewu wanu.

5. ** Dzitetezeni ku "Barrier Island Breach" ndi Overwash Fan Currents **:

   Zisumbu zotchinga ndi nthimbi zopapatiza za mchenga wosaphatikizidwa wa holocene kokha **200 mpaka 1,500 mita (650 mpaka 5,000 mapazi) m'lifupi **. Mphepo yamkuntho ikawomba chigawo choyambirira, madzi amathamangira pachilumbachi kupita kunyanja yam'mbuyo (**mowawashi)*, ndipo mphepo yamkunthoyo ikadutsa ndikubwerera kumtunda, malita mabiliyoni ambiri a madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja anaphulika kulowera kunyanja, kujambula misewu yatsopano ndi misewu yakuya. Mamita 3 mpaka 6 pamphindikati (6 mpaka 12 mfundo).

   Osalowamo kusuntha madzi osamba mozungulira nyumba, monga obisika 2-to-5-mita-kuya (6-mpaka-16-mapazi) akuya ngalande otseguka mozungulira milu ya konkriti ndi zipupa zam'madzi.

6. Zimitsani Zida Zogwiritsira Ntchito, Madzi Akumwa Atsopano Omwe Amakhala Okhazikika Kupanikizika Kusanagwe, ndikusunga Kulankhulana:

   Mafunde asanafike pachilumbachi, dzazani bafa lililonse, chidebe choyera, mphika, ndi mtsuko wamadzi ndi madzi apampopi abwino (zotchingira madzi pachilumbachi zimang'ambika nthawi zonse nyumba yoyamba ikadula chitoliro chake chokwererapo kapena mseu waukulu wa mseu).

   Zimitsani chowotcha chachikulu chamagetsi pagululo madzi asanakhudze malo oyambira pansi (kuteteza moto wamadzi amchere amadzi amchere ndi ma electrocution), lembani maumboni enieni a GPS, dzina lanyumba, nambala yapansi, ndi chiwerengero cha opulumuka kwa anthu omwe ali kunja kwa dziko ndi ku 911, ndikuyika mafoni a m'manja mu Mode*ndege **Satellite / AirS Masiku 3 mpaka 5 a gridi athunthu ndi kuzimitsa kwa nsanja.

Mtengo wosankha: kudulidwa kwa mlatho wa pachilumba chotchinga ndikupulumuka kopulumukirako¶

flowchart TD
    Start["HURICANE / TROPICAL CYCLONE APPROACHING BARRIER ISLAND: Chenjezo la mphepo yamkuntho laperekedwa + mvula yakunja pafupi ndi gombe"] --> BridgeStatus{"Kodi mphepo yokhazikika pamilatho yodutsa: ikadali pansi pa 63 km/h (39 mph) NDI misewu youma?"}

    BridgeStatus -->|YES: Bridges Open & Dry| EvacNow["TULUKANI PACHISIKA CHA CHOPHUNZITSA MFUMUYO: Osadikirira kugwa kwa maso: milatho imatsekeka maola 12-24 koyambirira: Yendetsani kumtunda kudutsa malo osefukira ndi mvula yamkuntho."]

    BridgeStatus -->|NO: Bridges Locked Down (39+ mph) or Causeway Flooded| DoNotDrive["SIYANI KUCHOKERA GALIMOTO MUNTHUYO YOMWEYO: Osayendetsa pamlatho wotsekedwa wotalikirapo kapena msewu womwe uli ndi madzi osefukira;: yesani momwe nyumba yanu yamakono ikupulumutsira"]

    DoNotDrive --> BuildingType{"Kodi muli mumtundu wanji pano?"}

    BuildingType -->|Single-Story Slab Home, Mobile Home,: Boat, RV, or Unreinforced Masonry| AbandonBuilding["ABANDON STRUCTURE ASANAFIKE SURGE: 1. Paketini chikwama, ma jekete odzitetezera (PFDs), zisoti, & madzi akumwa: 2. Pitani nthawi yomweyo kupita ku nyumba yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri Yowonjezera Konkriti: kapena malo ozama kwambiri okwera pachilumbachi."]

    BuildingType -->|Multi-Story Reinforced Concrete Building: (Hotel, Condo, or Concrete Parking Garage)| VerticalRefuge["PERECUTE VERTICAL REFUGE PROTOCOL (PAPANSI 3 MPAKA 5): 1. Yendani pamwamba pa Floor 2 (yoyera ndi 3-7 m kukwera + mafunde osweka): 2. Khalani pansi pa Floor 6-10 (chepetsani mphepo yamkuntho & kulephera kwa denga): 3. Pogona mkatikati mwa masitepe kutali ndi masitepe opanda magalasi"]

    BuildingType -->|Elevated Deep-Pile Stilt Home: (No Concrete High-Rise Within Reach)| StiltProtocol["NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA NTCHITO YOPHUNZITSIRA PANYUMBA: 1. Zimitsani chophulitsa magetsi chachikulu & valavu ya thanki ya propane: 2. Valani ma Life Jackets (PFDs), nsapato zotsekeka, ndi zipewa: 3. Khalani pamalo apamwamba kwambiri; MUSAMAlowe mchipinda chapamwamba chotsekedwa popanda nkhwangwa: 4. Sungani zothandizira zoyandama zomangika ngati milu ingasokonezedwe."]

    AbandonBuilding --> VerticalRefuge
    VerticalRefuge --> PostSurge["PAMENE diso & POST-SURGE EBB BREACH PHASE: • Musatuluke panja pa Diso lodekha: • Yang'anani mafunde amphamvu a seaward ebb-surge akudula malo atsopano: • Signal USAR helicopters kuchokera padenga/khonde mphepo ikagwa"]
    StiltProtocol --> PostSurge

Chifukwa chiyani milatho yapamsewu imatseka maola 12 mpaka 24 isanagwe¶

Mphepo yamkuntho iliyonse imapanga malipoti okwiya a anthu okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja omwe adanyamula magalimoto awo maola 6 asanagwere, adathamangira ku mlatho wapachilumba, ndipo adapeza zotchinga zapolisi zotchinga nthawiyo pamene mphepo yamkuntho idakali ** makilomita 200 (125 miles) kunja kwa nyanja **. Kumvetsetsa malamulo a uinjiniya ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka milatho ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja kumafotokoza chifukwa chake kudula uku kuli kotheratu komanso kosakambidwa:

1. Lamulo la Mlatho wa Tropical Storm Force 39 mph (63 km/h).¶

Mabungwe oyang'anira zadzidzidzi ku Florida, Texas, Louisiana, Carolinas, ndi madera amphepo yamkuntho yapadziko lonse lapansi amagwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso mozama kwambiri pamipata yokhazikika komanso milatho yosunthika:

1. **Aerodynamic Rollover ndi Side-Force Thresholds pa Spans Zokwera **:

   Milatho yokhazikika yokhazikika yodutsa mumsewu wa Intracoastal Waterway (ICW) kapena malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja iyenera kukwera 20 mpaka 30 metres (mamita 65 mpaka 100) pamwamba pa madzi kuti apereke chilolezo choyendera zombo.

   Pamadzi otseguka osagundana ndi ziro (kutalika kwamphamvu \(z_0 \pafupifupi 0.0002\text{ m}\)), liwiro la mphepo pa 25-mita (82-foot) pa mlatho wa mlatho ndi 25 mpaka 35 peresenti yamphamvu kuposa mphepo yomwe imayezedwa pamtunda wa mamita 10 kumtunda.

   Mphepo yamkuntho ikagunda 63 km/h (39 mph), mphepo yamkuntho imafika kale ku 90 mpaka 105 km/h (55 mpaka 65 mph). Pakuthamanga kwa mphepo, magalimoto okwera kwambiri (ma ambulansi, magalimoto ozimitsa moto, mabasi, magalimoto oyendetsa mabokosi, oyenda m'misasa, ndi ma SUV) amawombana ndi matayala pamiyala yonyowa, amakumana ndi kugunda kwamphamvu, ndikuwoloka misewu, kutsekereza kutalika kwa mlatho pakati pa mkuntho.

2. Movable Drawbridge (Bascule Bridge) Mechanical Lock-Down:

   Zilumba zambiri zotchinga zimalumikizidwa kumtunda ndi **mabwalo oyenda pansi kapena milatho yopindika **.

   Pamwamba ** 56 mpaka 63 km / h (35 mpaka 39 mph) ** mphepo, kukweza tsamba lalikulu lachitsulo la bascule limachita ngati kukweza chombo chachikulu chachitsulo mumphepo yamkuntho: katundu wa mphepo adzapindika zitsulo za trunnion, kuvula magiya oyendetsa galimoto, ndikuletsa mlatho kutsekanso.

   Kuonjezera apo, asanayambe kutsata malamulo ndi ma tenders a mlatho kuti apulumuke, mlatho wosunthika uyenera kukhala ** pansi, wotsekedwa ndi makina / otsekedwa mumsewu wotsekedwa, ndipo ma motors ake oyendetsa magetsi amachotsedwa kapena kusindikizidwa ** mphepo yamkuntho isanayambe kumiza dzenje la bascule.

3. Pre-Landfall Coastal Runner Surge pa Njira Zotsika Kwambiri:

   Ngakhale mlatho wamtunda wautali uli mamita 25 pamwamba pa bay, msewu wa **2-to-5-kilomita (1-to-3-mile) wokhotakhota wolowera msewu ** wolumikiza chilumba chotchinga ndi phazi la mlatho nthawi zambiri umakhala 1.0 mpaka 1.8 mita (3 mpaka 6 mapazi) pamwamba pa madzi okwera.

   Pamene mphepo yamkuntho imayenda kumtunda, ** mvula yamkuntho yamkuntho (Ekman transport setup) ** imakankhira madzi mu bay ** 12 kwa maola 18 pamaso pa kugwa kwa maso **, kumiza misewu yotsika kwambiri pamene mlatho waukulu umakhala wouma kwambiri: kupanga "mlatho wopita kwina kulikonse."

2. Kuyerekeza: Kupulumuka kwa Chilumba cha Barrier Island ndi Zone ya M'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi Mtundu wa Zomangamanga¶

Mainjiniya am'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA Coastal Construction Manual, FEMA P-55) amagawa zisumbu zotchinga kukhala madera owopsa a hydrodynamic:

Ma Hydrodynamics a zisumbu zotchinga amadzaza mafani ndi kuphwanya kolowera¶

Kumvetsetsa momwe chilumba chotchinga chimadzisinthiranso pakagwa chimphepo chamkuntho ndikofunikira kuti musayende kapena kubisala panjira **yophwanyidwa pachilumba **:

1. Gawo 1: Foredune Overtopping and Overwash Fan Sheet Flow¶

• Pamene mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho ikukankhira madzi a m'nyanja (**kuwomba kwa mphepo yamkuntho ) kumphepete mwa nyanja, mafunde osweka kwambiri amakokoloka ndikuphwasula mapiri a mchenga ( foredune scarping and collapse **).
• Pamene kukwera kwamadzi osakanikirana ndi madzi osakanikirana komanso kuthamanga kwa mafunde kumadutsa pamwamba pa chilumba chotchinga (chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ** 2 mpaka 4 mamita / 6.5 mpaka 13 mapazi ** pamwamba pa nyanja), madzi a m'nyanja amatsanulira mosalekeza kudutsa m'lifupi la chilumbachi kulowera ku nyanja yam'mbuyo papepala lothamanga kwambiri lotchedwa ** overwash **.
• Madzi osefukira amachotsa misewu ya asphalt, amakwirira pansi pansi 1 mpaka 2 mita (3 mpaka 6.5 mapazi) a mchenga wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja (wokupizira mowombetsa), ndikukantha mabowo akukokoloka ooneka ngati nsanamira ya akavalo (1.5 mpaka 4 mita / 5 mpaka 13 mapazi kuya)** kuzungulira tsinde la mabwalo osambira, mizati yosambira, kusambira.

2. Gawo 2: The Seaward Ebb-Surge "Breach" (When New Inlets Cut the Island in Half)¶

• Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, njira yozama kwambiri komanso yowononga kwambiri pachilumba chotchinga nthawi zambiri imapezeka ** diso la mphepo yamkuntho litadutsa ** panthawi ya kubwerera ku mphepo yamkuntho (ebb-surge phase):

  Mkati mwa theka loyamba la mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho inaunjikira madzi ochuluka ** 3 mpaka 5 mamita (10 mpaka 16 mapazi) pamwamba ** mkati mwa gombe losaya kapena nyanja kuseri kwa chilumba chotchinga.

  Diso likadutsa ndi mphepo yamkuntho ya mphepo yamkuntho mwadzidzidzi imasintha ** madigiri 180 kuti iwombe kumtunda (kuchokera ku gombe kubwerera kunyanja) **, nyanja yonse yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja imawombera motsutsana ndi ** osatetezedwa, otsika otsika gombe la nyanja ** ya chilumba chotchinga.

  Kupeza njira zopapatiza, zotsikitsitsa pachilumbachi: pafupifupi nthawi zonse **misewu yolowera m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mitu ya ngalande, kapena malo otsika pomwe ngalande zala zimayandikira kunyanja **: madzi otsekeka amadula ngati payipi ya migodi ya hydraulic molunjika pachilumbachi, ndikukumba malo olowera ** atsopano olowera 50, 1000 mpaka 1000 mpaka 1000 metres. Kuzama kwa mamita 8 (mamita 10 mpaka 26) mkati mwa maola 2, ndipo nyumba, msewu, ndi mlatho uliwonse umene unkadutsa m’njira unali kugwa.

Protocol yopulumuka pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa malo othawirako oyimirira kapena nyumba zokhazikika¶

1. Momwe Mungakhazikitsire Bwino Pansanja 3 mpaka 5 pa Nyumba Ya Konkriti¶

Mukasamuka chakumapeto pachilumbachi kupita ku hotelo ya konkire yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri, kondomu, kapena malo oimikapo magalimoto apamtunda asanafike:

1. Kambiranani Kufikira Kwachitetezo Chamoyo Nthawi yomweyo: Pagawo la 3 mpaka 5 mvula yamkuntho itatsekedwa milatho itatsekedwa, ziphunzitso zadzidzidzi za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zimazindikira ** kuthawa kosunthika ** ngati chofunikira pachitetezo chamoyo. Lowani mu makwerero amoto olimba a konkriti kapena malo ofikira opanda mawindo opanda mawindo pa 3^rd, 4^th, kapena 5^th floor.
2. Musagwiritse Ntchito Elevator: Magetsi am'mphepete mwa nyanja amalephera maola ambiri asanayambe kuwonjezereka chifukwa kutsitsi kwa mchere kumayambitsa makina oteteza madzi pa thiransifoma, komanso kukwera kwa madzi osefukira kusefukira kwa maenje okwera pansi. Gwiritsani ntchito masitepe amoto wa konkriti yekha.

3. Pangani Cholepheretsa Mphepo Pazitseko Pawiri:

   Pamwamba pa 4^th-floor, mphepo yamkuntho imatha kuphwanya zitseko za magalasi otsetsereka akunja ndi mawindo. Zenera lakunja likathyoka mbali yamphepo, **kupanikizika kwamkati mkati ** kumakwera mwamphamvu, kutulutsa magawo amkati ndi kumenyetsa zitseko zapanjira.

   Khalani mkati mwa ** shaft yotsekeredwa ya konkriti yoyatsira moto ** kapena **mpanda wopanda mawindo wamkati **, ndikusunga osachepera **zitseko ziwiri zolemera zotsekedwa ** pakati panu ndi zenera lililonse lagalasi lakunja.

4. Mu Garage Yotsegula Yoyimitsira Konkriti:

   Ngati mukubisala padenga lachitatu kapena lachinayi la garage yoyimitsidwa ya konkire yotseguka, ** musayime pafupi ndi njanji zakunja zakunja **, ndipo musamakhale m'galimoto yoyimitsidwa pa Level 1 kapena 2 **.

   Malo okhala mkati mwa nsanja yotsekeredwa ya oyenda pansi pa Level 3 kapena 4, kapena ikani galimoto yolemera pafupi ndi zanja zapakati pakatikati pa Level 3 kapena 4 kutali ndi denga lotseguka, kutsika mawilo onse, kuyika mabuleki oimikapo magalimoto, ndikubisala mkati mwagalimoto kapena kuseri kwa khoma lapakati.

2. Kupulumuka Mkati mwa Nyumba Yokwera Ngati Madzi Akwera Pansi Panyumba¶

Ngati mwatsekeredwa mkati mwa nyumba yokhalamo pamilu ya milu ndipo chimphepo chamkuntho chikupitilira kukwera kwansanjika yoyamba:

1. Valani Jacket Yanu Yokhalira Moyo Wanu (PFD) ndi Chisoti M'nyumba: Wachikulire aliyense ndi mwana aliyense ayenera kuvala jekete yolimba yolimba yomangira moyo ndi chisoti, yokhala ndi muluzu wosalowa madzi, nyali yakumutu yosalowa madzi, ndi mpeni wopulumutsira wolumikizidwa ku vest.

2. ** Sungani Zitseko Zamphepo ndi Mawindo Osindikizidwa; Tsegulani Zenera la Leeward Pokhapo Ngati Madzi Akwera Mkati **:

   Poteteza ku mphepo, sungani zitseko zonse zakunja, zotsekera zamphepo yamkuntho, ndi mazenera otsekedwa kuti mphepo yamkati isachotse denga.

   Komabe, ngati mvula yamkuntho madzi ayamba kusefukira ** mkati mwa ** chipinda chanu chokwezeka, ** tsegulani ndikukonzekera zenera kapena chitseko kumbali ya LEEWARD (yotsikirako / yotetezedwa) ya nyumbayo ** kuti mutulukemo madzi opingasa ngati madzi akwera kulowera kudenga.

3. ** Lamulo la Msampha wa Imfa ya Attic **:

   Osabwereranso m'chipinda cham'denga chotchingidwa pokhapokha ngati madzi akukakamizani kutuluka mchipinda chilichonse cham'munsi NDIPO mutanyamula nkhwangwa yodula nkhuni, nyundo yophwanyira, kapena nyundo ** (ndiponso pomwe chipinda cham'mwamba chimakhala ndi ** cholowera chakumbuyo kapena kuwala kowala ** mutha kuthamangitsa). Mphepo yamkuntho yokhala ndi denga la plywood ( 16 mpaka 19 mm / ⅝ mpaka ¾ inchi yakuda ** yokhomeredwa ndi misomali ya shank) **singathe kukankhidwa kapena kukhomeredwa ndi dzanja **.

4. ** Konzekerani Pothawirapo Poyandama Yoyimitsidwa Pokhapo Ngati Malo Odyera Omaliza **:

   Ngati mafunde ayamba kuthyola mipiringidzo ya nyumbayo ndipo nyumbayo ikuyamba kusweka, kukhala ndi *chinthu choyandama choyandama ** (monga kayak, bwalo losambira, kapena choziziritsa kukhosi) chomangidwa ndi 15-mita (50-foot) chingwe cha nayiloni ndi chiwombankhanga chothamangitsira moyo chomwe chimalola kuti ziwombankhanga zikhale pamodzi. mitengo ya leeward kapena madenga apamwamba.

Pewani Kuyenda Mchenga Ndi Zinyalala Zopanda Mphepete: Kuwomba kwa mkuntho kumasiya misomali yambirimbiri ya dzimbiri, magalasi osweka, milu yosweka, ndi kuthamangitsidwa njoka zaululu (cottonmouths ndi rattlesnakes) ndi zonyamulira zamoto. Valani nsapato zazitali komanso magolovesi achikopa.

Never Drink Tap or Well Water: Mitsinje yonse yamadzi ya pazilumba zotchinga ndi zitsime zosazama zaipitsidwa ndi zinyalala zosaphika, madzi amchere, ndi mankhwala a petrochemical. Imwani madzi anu omata okha okha mpaka aboma atachotsa zidziwitso za chithupsa kapena osamwa.

**Mmene Mungapangire Ma Helicopters a US Coast Guard ndi National Guard Helicopters **: Ikani chosiyana kwambiri ** chowala kwambiri cha lalanje kapena fulorosenti kapena pepala ** padenga lotseguka kapena kalembedwe ka mchenga "SOS" kapena "KUTHANDIZA", kuwunikira ** kalirole kapena tochi yowala ya LED ** molunjika ku cockpit, ndi kukweza * mutu wamphuno = "Y wowongola manja" thandizo **; mkono umodzi wokwezedwa ndi wina pansi = Palibe chithandizo chofunikira).

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

N'chifukwa chiyani apolisi anatseka mlatho wa pachilumba chotchinga pamene dzuŵa linali likutuluka ndipo mphepo yamkuntho inali isanakwane maola 14?¶

Oyang'anira zadzidzidzi samatseka milatho potengera nthawi yomwe pakati (diso) la mphepo yamkuntho ifika; amatseka milatho pamene mphepo yamphamvu ya Tropical Storm-force ya 63 km/h (39 mph) ikafika pagombe, zomwe zimachitika 12 mpaka 24 maola diso lisanafike. Mphepo yokhazikika itagunda 63 km / h pamtunda, mphepo yamkuntho yomwe ili pamwamba pa mlatho wamtunda wa 25-mita (80-foot) kufika pa 90 mpaka 105 km / h (55 mpaka 65 mph), ndikuyendetsa magalimoto apamwamba ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosatheka kuti magalimoto okoka kapena ma ambulansi achotse ngozi. Ma milatho osunthika ayeneranso kutsekeredwa pansi ndi makina ndipo ma tender a mlatho achotsedwe chimphepo chisanasefukire m'maenje owongolera magetsi.

Chifukwa chiyani kuli kotetezeka kukhala pansanjika ya 3, 4, kapena 5 ya nyumba ya konkriti m'malo mopita kuchipinda chapamwamba cha penthouse?¶

Kutuluka koyima kumafuna kugwirizanitsa mphamvu ziwiri zotsutsana: kukwera kwa madzi kuchokera pansi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphepo kuchokera pamwamba. Mphepo yamkuntho yophatikizana ndi mafunde osweka mumkuntho waukulu nthawi zambiri imafika mamita 4 mpaka 8 (13 mpaka 26 mapazi) pamwamba pa nthaka, zomwe zimawononga 1st ndi 2nd pansi pa nyumba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mukafika pa 3rd mpaka 5th floor (9 mpaka 16 mita / 30 mpaka 55 mapazi mmwamba), muli bwinobwino pamwamba pa madzi ndi zinyalala zoyandama pamene mukupewa kuthamanga kwa mphepo ya logarithmic, mizinga yowuluka ya miyala ya padenga, ndi zolephera zokweza denga zomwe zimagunda pamwamba.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa FEMA V-Zone ndi A-Zone pachilumba chotchinga, ndipo ndichifukwa chiyani zili zofunika ngati ndasokonekera?¶

Pamapu owopsa a kusefukira kwa madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, FEMA V-Zone (Velocity Wave Zone) imayimira kutsogolo kwa nyanja ndi malo owonekera pachilumba chotchinga pomwe mphepo yamkuntho imakhala yozama kwambiri kuti ithandizire kusweka kwa mafunde a 0.9 metres (mamita atatu) kapena kupitilira apo. Mafunde osweka a 0.9 metres kapena kupitilira apo amatulutsa mphamvu zamphamvu za hydrodynamic zomwe zimasesa nyumba zokhala ndi giredi pamaziko ake. Malo a A-Zone akukumana ndi kusefukira kwamadzi okhala ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono (pansi pa 0.9 metres), ngakhale Coastal A-Zone (mafunde 0.45 mpaka 0.9 metres / 1.5 mpaka 3 mapazi) imatha kugwetsa makoma a nyumba. Ngati mwasokonekera mutatseka mlatho, kutuluka mu V-Zone kupita ku konkriti yokhala ndi nsanjika zambiri ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti mupulumuke.

N'chifukwa chiyani zilumba zotchinga zotchinga zikuyenda bwino komanso misewu yowonongeka ikuchitika PAMENE diso la mphepo yamkuntho lidutsa kuposa kale?¶

Maso asanafike, mphepo yamkuntho yamkuntho imakankhira madzi a m'nyanja kudutsa pachilumba chotchinga ndikugwira chimphepo chamkuntho mkati mwa nyanja yosaya kapena kuseri kwa chilumbacho. Pomwe mphepo yamkuntho imadutsa ndipo mphepo yamkuntho imadutsa madigiri 180 kuti iwombe m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuchokera kumtunda kupita kunyanja, nyanja yonse yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ikukwera mwamphamvu kudutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mopanda chitetezo cha chilumba chotchinga. Mphepete mwa nyanjayi imapangitsa kuti misewu yotsika kwambiri komanso makosi ang'onoang'ono atseke zala, ndikulowa m'madzi akuya pachilumbachi kwa maola angapo.

Ngati nditsekeredwa m'nyumba yansanjika ziwiri yamatabwa ndipo madzi a mkuntho amayamba kukwera masitepe opita kunsanjika yachiwiri, bwanji sindiyenera kukwera m'chipinda chapamwamba ndikutseka chitseko?¶

Kukwera m'chipinda chokhalamo chotsekedwa popanda nkhwangwa yodula kwambiri kapena nyundo yapamadzi kwachititsa kuti mazana ambiri aphedwe ndi mvula yamkuntho. Ngati madzi akwera m'chipinda chapamwamba, kapena ngati mafunde akugwetsa nyumbayo pamphepete mwa nyanja, mumatsekeredwa mkati mwa piramidi yamdima yamdima pansi pa 19-millimeter (0.75-inch) yokhomeredwa ndi mphepo yamkuntho yokhomerera plywood yomwe sizingatheke kumenya kapena kukankha ndi dzanja. Lowani mchipinda cham'mwamba pokhapokha madzi atadzaza pansi NDIPO muli ndi nkhwangwa, macheka, kapena zenera lotsegula kuti mulowe padenga lakunja mutavala jekete yopulumutsira moyo.

*Bukhuli ndi lofuna kudziwa zambiri ndipo sililowa m'malo mwa lamulo loti anthu asamuke. Pitani patsamba lathu mphepo yamkuntho.wotsogolera kuti mukonzekere mokwanira za mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo ganizirani kutenga maphunziro a First Aid ndi CPR kudzera mu Red Cross kapena St John Ambulance.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Mkuntho, mvula yamkuntho, ndi mvula yamkuntho: chiwongolero chathunthu chopulumuka
• Mafunde amphamvu, mvula yamkuntho, ndi kusefukira kwa nyanja
• Kuwonongeka kwa madzi amchere, mvula yamkuntho iipitsidwa ndi zitsime, ndi mchere wamadzi akumwa
• Kuyeretsa mvula yamkuntho ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi chitetezo chochira
• Galimoto m'madzi: Kuthawa kwagalimoto yomira komanso misewu yodzaza madzi
• Nambala zadzidzidzi malinga ndi dziko

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) & National Hurricane Center (NHC, United States): *Storm Surge Overview, Tropical-Storm Force Wind Arrival Timing (39 mph Cutoff), ndi Barrier Island Overwash Hazard Guidance *.
• Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States): Coastal Construction Manual (FEMA P-55): Hydrodynamic Wave Loads, V-Zone vs. Coastal A-Zone Failure Modes, Scour around Pilings, and Vertical Evacuation Design (FEMA P-646).
• United States Geological Survey (USGS) Dongosolo la Ngozi ndi Zida Zam'mphepete mwa Nyanja ndi Zam'madzi: Zowopsa Zosintha M'mphepete mwa Nyanja: Mkuntho ndi Mkuntho Wamphamvu: Dune Scarping, Overwash Fans, ndi Ebb-Surge Island Breaching Mechanics.
• United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) & State Departments of Transportation (FDOT / TxDOT / NCDOT): High-Span Coastal Bridge Wind Closure Thresholds, Bascule Drawbridge Lockdown Protocols, and Post-Surge Bridge Scour Inspection.
• Australian Bureau of Meteorology (BoM) & Queensland Fire and Emergency Services (QFES): Zone Zopulumutsira Mafunde a Mkuntho, Barrier Island Causeway Inundation, ndi Vertical Refuge Shelter Guidelines.