Bafa kapena Bafa Yansanja Yachiwiri Yansanja Yothira Msampha Mkono Wotsekedwa Kuthira Madzi Kupyolera mu Kuwala Kwapansanja Yoyamba¶

Bafa la m'chipinda cham'mwamba kapena shawa lachiwiri limatulutsa madzi akutuluka mu **nsanjika yoyamba yoyaka moto, chandelier padenga, chowunikira utsi, kapena kaundula wa HVAC **, mumayang'anizana ndi *120/230-volt denga ladzidzidzi ladzidzidzi ** ndi pafupifupi 50-to-3100-mapaundi youma. kugwa. Mosiyana ndi chitoliro choponderezedwa chamkuwa kapena PEX chotulutsa chitoliro chomwe chimapopera mosalekeza ngati zosintha zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena ayi, kulephera kwa **drain-mbali **, nthawi zambiri ndi ** PVC yotsetsereka kapena polypropylene slip-joint P-trap union nati *, ** kulumikizidwa kwa msampha mkono zinyalala chitoliro , chitoliro chovunda, chovundikira, mphira wovunda, mphira wa thovu mozungulira strainer , imatulutsa madzi osambira ambiri ** 150-to-300-lita (40-to-80-gallon) amadzi osambira molunjika kumalo otsekedwa apansi-joist bay pakati pa nkhani. Chifukwa zingwe zamagetsi za romex ndi mabokosi ophatikizira siling'ono amakhomeredwa pansi pa zolumikizira zomwezo, madzi otsekeredwa amatsata jekete la waya molunjika muzitsulo zamkuwa zokhala ndi zowunikira zapansi, kwinaku akunyowetsa nkhope yamapepala a 12.7-millimeter (0.5-inchi) gypsum drywall denga mpaka itaphwa.

Osafikira pakhoma chosinthira kuwala muchipinda chodzaza madzi kuti muzimitse denga lotsika; Kuipa kwamadzi mkati mwa bokosi losinthira kapena kusonkhana pansi pamiyendo yanu yopanda kanthu kumatha kuyambitsa mafunde akupha mu mtima mwanu. Ngati madzi akuyaka mkati mwamagetsi, akumangirira pafupi ndi chobowola chachikulu, kapena kupangitsa kuti denga ligwere mchipinda chomwe muli anthu, imbani foni kwanuko. manambala angozi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 999 ku United Kingdom, 112 ku European Union, ndi 000 ku Australia) nthawi yomweyo, ndikuwunikanso maupangiri athu pa kugwa kwa siling'i, zowumitsira madzi zodzaza ndi madzi, ndi ngozi ya pulasitala, kuphulika chitoliro,ndi moto wamagetsi ndi zoyaka.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

Ngati madzi akudontha kapena kuthira pa choyikapo nyali cha padenga loyamba, chofanizira padenga, kapena msoko wowumitsira padenga pomwe bafa kapena shawa ya m'chipinda cham'mwamba imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

1. Imitsani Kugwiritsa Ntchito Madzi Onse Pam'mwamba Pompopompo, Ndipo OSATI KUKOTSA Pulagi ya Bathbath Ngati Bafa Yakali Yodzaza:
2. Fuulani m'chipinda cham'mwamba kuti **tsekani shawa kapena mipope ya bafa nthawi yomweyo **.
3. Msampha Wovuta: Ngati wina wakhala m'bafa yodzaza m'chipinda cham'mwamba (150 mpaka 250 malita / 40 mpaka 65 magaloni) ndipo muwona kuti madzi akudontha pansi, OSATI kukoka choyimitsira chubu kukhetsa chubu. Ngati P-trap imaterera mtedza kapena nsapato zotayirira-ndi-zosefukira pansi pa chubuyo zatuluka, kukoka zinyalala zotayira 200 kilograms (440 pounds) zamadzi molunjika mu denga la pansi mu masekondi 90, kugwetsa denga lonse la pansi loyamba. Siyani chotsekera chotsekedwa ndipo kutengerani madzi a m'bafa ndi chidebe mu chimbudzi choyandikana nawo (ngati chimbudzicho chili ndi mulu waukulu wa dothi wa mainchesi atatu/4 motetezedwa).
4. OSAKHUDZA Switch Yamagetsi Yapakhoma, Zimitsani Chowotcha Choyatsa Choyatsira Pansi Pagulu Lamagetsi Akuluakulu:
5. Madzi otsika mawaya a NM-B (Romex) mkati mwa denga la denga nthawi zambiri amayenda pansi pa mwendo wosinthira kulowa mubokosi losinthira khoma lapulasitiki. Kukhudza chosinthira chonyowa kapena chosinthira cha dimmer mutayimirira pansi ponyowa kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwamagetsi.
6. Yendani kupita ku **gulu lalikulu lamagetsi lamagetsi ** (kutsimikizira kuti pansi kutsogolo kwa gululo kuli kouma), valani nsapato zowuma zokhala ndi mphira, ndikusintha ** CHONCHO ** 15-ampere kapena 20-ampere nthambi yophwanya nthambi ** kudyetsa nyali zapansi pansi ndi zotengera (kuphatikiza chipinda chilichonse cham'mwamba GFCI / chotenthetsera bafa chodutsa pamenepo). Ngati simukudziwa kuti ndi chophwanya chiti chomwe chimawongolera chonyowa, tembenuzani Main Breaker OFF.
7. **Chotsani Anthu, Ziweto, ndi Zamagetsi Mu "Drop Zone" ndikuboola Bowo Lothandizira la Mamilimita 3 mu Chiphuphu Chilichonse Chopenta **:
8. Wonyowa wa gypsum drywall amataya ** 80 peresenti ya mphamvu zake zokhazikika ** mkati mwa mphindi 15 zakuchulukira, ndi ** 1.2-by-2.4-mita (4-by-8-foot) pepala la drywall yonyowa yokhala ndi malita 40 (10.5 galoni) amadzi amalemera ma kilogalamu 65 * * 143 .
9. Chotsani ana, ziweto, mipando, ndi zamagetsi kuchokera pansi pa denga lonyowa. Ikani chidebe 20-lita (5-gallon) pa chopukutira chapansi pa malo otsikitsitsa a chithuza chamadzi chilichonse cha latex-penti kapena cholumikizira cha tepi yowuma.
10. Imani kumbali (osati molunjika pansi pa chotupacho), valani magalasi otetezera, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito 3-millimeter (0.125-inch) kubowola, awl, kapena Phillips screwdriver chojambulidwa ku tsache kuti bowola kabowo kakang'ono kamene kali pansi pa chithuza kuti chibowolo chitsekere m'malo mwake. pansi.
11. **Zindikirani Ngati Kutayikirako Ndi Pipo Yopanikizidwa Kapena Kutayira Kokokerako / Kutayikira Kwamsampha **:
12. Mipope yam'mwamba ikangozimitsidwa ndipo chithuza cham'mwamba chatsekedwa, yang'anani kutuluka kwa 10 mphindi:
    • **Ngati madzi apitiliza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kubangula pang'onopang'ono zokonza zonse zitazimitsidwa **: Muli ndi **mzere wophatikizika wophatikizika kapena shawa yosakaniza valavu kutayikira **. Nthawi yomweyo kutseka ** main house shutoff valve valve **; onani kuphulika chitoliro.
    • Ngati madzi akutsika pang'onopang'ono ndikuyima mkati mwa mphindi 5 mpaka 15 shawa/bafa lazimitsidwa: Kudonthako kuli kukhetsa kopanda kupanikizika, zinyalala, kusefukira, kapena mbali yotchinga (yolumikizidwa P-trap yolumikizidwa, gasket yolephera kusefukira, poto yosweka, kapena chopanda silikoni chosowa).
13. **Yang'anirani Msonkhano Wam'bafa Wam'mwamba Zinyalala ndi kusefukira ndi Gulu Lofikira **:
14. Tsegulani ** yochotsa mapaipi olowera ** yomwe ili mchipinda chogona kapena khoma lakumbuyo chakumbuyo kwa bafa lapamwamba (ngati lilipo) pogwiritsa ntchito tochi.
15. Ngati mulibe gulu lolowera pakhoma, masulani zomangira ziwiri zamakina zamkuwa zomwe zakhala ndi zozungulira za chrome zosefukira pakhoma lakumtunda mkati mwa bafa kuti muone ngati* ponji-rabara yakusefukira kwa gasket yasweka kapena yasokonekera.
16. Chotsani Mababu/Ma Trims Onyowa Pokhapokha Mukatsimikizira Zero Voltage ndi Kuyambitsa Kuwuma Kwamagawo Pasanathe Maola 24:
17. Wophwanyira dera akatsekedwa ** OFF ** ndikutsimikiziridwa kuti wamwalira ndi ** woyesa magetsi osalumikizana **, tsitsani mphete yokhala ndi masika kapena gawo la retrofit la LED la chonyowa chonyowa limatha kuyatsa kotero kuti madzi omangika atha kukhetsa momasuka ndipo mpweya ukhoza kuzungulira padenga.
18. Thamangani bokosi lothamanga kwambiri kapena zoyendetsa mpweya zapakati ndi chowumitsira mufiriji mkati mwa 24 mpaka maola 48 oyamba kuti muumitse zolumikizira pansi pamatabwa pamaso pa nkhungu yapoizoni ya Stachybotrys kapena Aspergillus imatsekereza pepala lonyowa; onani nkhungu pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa madzi.

Mtengo wosankha: kuwunika ndikuyimitsa chimbudzi cham'chipinda chachiwiri ndikudontha padenga lapansi¶

flowchart TD
    Start["KUTSATIRA MADZI KUPYOlera padenga la pansi KAPENA ZOYENERA: Pansi pa bafa lapamwamba, shawa, kapena bafa."] --> ElecFirst["CHOCHITA 1: ZOCHITIKA ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZOGWIRITSA NTCHITO 1. 1. OSAKHUDZA chosinthira choyatsira pakhoma mchipinda chonyowa 2. ZIMItsani kuyatsa pansi & zophulitsira mabafa m'chipinda chapamwamba 3. Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito madzi onse m'chipinda cham'mwamba (OSATI kukoka pulagi pa bafa yodzaza)"]

    ElecFirst --> BlisterCheck{"Kodi denga la pansi likugwa kapena likuphulika?"}
    BlisterCheck -->|"INDE: Kuphulika kwa Blister kapena Sag"| PokeHole["KUKHALA KWAMBIRI YOTHANDIZA: • Chotsani chipinda pansi pa phimbi; ikani chidebe cha malita 20 m'munsimu • Imani m'mbali (osati pansi pa khoma lowuma) • Boolani dzenje la mamilimita atatu (1/8-in) pamunsi kwambiri kuti mukhetse madzi."]
    BlisterCheck -->|"AYI: Kudontha Kuwala Kokha"| SupplyTest
    PokeHole --> SupplyTest{"Kodi madzi amapitilira kuthira pang'onopang'ono pakadutsa mphindi 15 mipope ZIMIMI?"}

    SupplyTest -->|"INDE: Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwambiri"| MainShutoff["ZOPATSIDWA KAPENA KUTHA KWA VAVVU: • Zimitsani Vavu Yamadzi Yakunyumba Yaikulu Nthawi yomweyo • Tsegulani faipi yapansi kwambiri kuti mipope ichepetse • Okayikira aphulika PEX/chingwe chamkuwa kapena valavu yosanganikirana shawa yosweka."]

    SupplyTest -->|"NO: Imayima Pamene Shawa/Babu Imayima"| DrainDiag["KUKHALA KWA PASOLATED DRAIN, TRAP, OR ENCLOSURE LEAK: Chitani masitepe 4 motsatizana kudzipatula kumtunda"]

    DrainDiag --> Test1["GAWO LOYAMBA: KUYESA KWA GASKET WOSEFULUKA: • Chotsani mbale yakuchulukira ya chrome pakhoma la bafa lakumtunda • Yang'anani mpweya wokhuthala wa thovu pakati pa chubu ndi zinyalala • Ngati zawola kapena zatsetsereka, madzi osamba amathira molunjika padenga atawazidwa."]

    Test1 --> Test2["GAWO LACHIWIRI: KUYESA KWA SLIP-JOINT P-TRAP & DRAIN SHOE: • Tsegulani zolowera kukhoma kuseri kwa bafa KAPENA yang'anani padenga lodulidwa la mchipinda chapansi • Thirani madzi okwanira 2 L a madzi molunjika pansi pa strainer ndi funnel • Ngati madzi atuluka 1.5-in PVC/polypropylene slip nut -> Disconnected P-Trap"]

    Test2 --> Test3["GAWO LACHITATU: KUYESA KWA SHAWA PAN & STRAINER PUTTY: • Pulagi shawa ndi pulagi yoyesera labala & poto yodzaza ndi madzi 3 cm (1 mu) • Dikirani mphindi 15 osathamanga mutu wa shawa."]

    Test3 --> Test4["GAWO LACHINAI: KUYESA KWA WOPHUNZITSIRA WA WOPHUNZITSIRA NDI NTCHITO YA TILE: • Sanizani madzi polumikizana ndi matailosi, chopopera cha bafa, ndi chotchinga chogwirira ntchito • Ngati denga likudontha pokhapokha popopera mankhwala -> Kholi lolephera kapena ulusi wamkono wa shawa."]

Anatomy ya bafa la m'chipinda cham'mwamba ndi makina ochapira: malo 5 obisika olephera¶

Mosiyana ndi sinki ya bafa kumene P-msampha amawonekera mkati mwa kabati yachabechabe, bafa lapamwamba kapena shawa limakhala molunjika pa 19-millimeter (0.75-inchi) plywood subfloor ndi msonkhano wake wonse wa zinyalala zosefukira zobisika mkati mwa **20-to-30-centimita-kuya (8-to-12-inch) pamwamba pa denga lanu loyamba.

CROSS-SECTION OF SECOND-FLOOR BATHTUB DRAIN & FIRST-FLOOR CEILING LIGHT

     [UPSTAIRS BATHTUB]
      ||            ||  <-- 1. OVERFLOW FACEPLATE & BEVELED RUBBER GASKET
      || (Overflow  ||         (Leaks when bathwater rises or shower splashes wall)
      ||   Pipe)    ||
      ||            |________________________________________
      ||             \                                       |
      ||              \___[2. DRAIN SHOE & PUTTY/GASKET]_____|
      ||                       ||
  ====++=======================++=================================== [2nd-Floor Subfloor]
      ||                       ||
      +---[Sanitary Tee]-------+
               ||
         [Slip-Joint Nut]  <-- 3. SLIP-JOINT P-TRAP OR TRAP ARM DISCONNECTION
          \    ||    /            (Thermal expansion + tub flexing pops 1.5-in nut off,
           \___/  \ /              dumping 100% of drain water onto ceiling below)
                   ||===================> To 3-in Main Soil Stack
  ================================================================== [Pooled Bathwater]
  =========[NM-B Romex Cable]=======[Recessed Can Light Housing]==== [1st-Floor Drywall]
                                           |||   |||
                                           vvv   vvv
                                    [20-Liter Relief Bucket]

Kufananiza Table: Kuzindikira 5 Malo Osambira Pamwamba Otayikira¶

Kukhazikika kwadzidzidzi pang'onopang'ono: kupewa kugwa kwa denga la 50 kg¶

Madzi akathira padenga lapansi loyamba lomalizidwa ndi 12.7-millimeter (0.5-inchi) kapena 15.9-millimeter (0.625-inchi) gypsum drywall, mumakhala ndi zenera lopapatiza 10-30-mphindi 30 kuti muchepetse kulemera kwa hydrostatic pamaso pa gypsum yonyowayo isanayambe kupotoza mutu.

HOW TO PUNCTURE A SAGGING DRYWALL CEILING BLISTER SAFELY

  ====================[Wooden Floor Joists]====================
   \                                                         /
    \       40 Liters (10.5 Gal / 40 kg) Trapped Water      /
     \_____________________________________________________/
              \                                   /
               \___   [Sagging Paint Blister]  __/
                   \___________   ____________/
                               \ /
                                *  <-- Pierced 3-mm (1/8-in) Relief Hole at Lowest Point
                               |||
   [RESCUER STANDS TO SIDE]    ||| (Controlled vertical stream)
        \                      vvv
         \=====[Broomstick + Awl/Drill Bit]
                                |
                       +-----------------+
                       |  20-L (5-Gal)   |
                       |  Catch Bucket   |
                       |   on Towels     |
                       +-----------------+

1. Momwe Mungachotsere Chiphuphu Chomangira Padenga Popanda Kugwa¶

Utoto wa denga la Latex ndi filimu ya polima ya elastomeric yomwe imatha kutambasula ngati baluni ya raba, yokhala ndi malita 20 mpaka 60 (malita 5 mpaka 16)** yamadzi osamba otsekeredwa pamwamba pa denga limodzi:

1. **Tsimikizirani kuti Dongosolo Lamagetsi Lazimitsidwa : Tsimikizirani pagawo lalikulu lophwanyira kuti zowunikira zowunikira padenga ndi mabwalo aliwonse oyandikana nawo azizimitsidwa ** ZIMIMI.
2. **Konzekerani Basin Yogwira **: Yalani matawulo osambira olemera kapena nsalu yapulasitiki pansi pansi pa sag, ndipo pakati pa chidebe **20-lita (5-gallon) kapena chosungira chachikulu cha pulasitiki ** molunjika pansi pa chotupacho. Ikani siponji yakale kapena chopukutira pansi pa chidebecho kuti muyimitse kuwomba koyambirira.
3. Musayime Molunjika Pansi Pa Sag: Ikani mapazi anu ndi thupi lanu **1 mpaka 1.5 mita (3 mpaka 5 mapazi) kumbali ** ya malire owuma owuma. Ngati pepala la ** 1.2-by-2.4-mita (4-by-8-foot) la drywall lamadzi lamadzi ** lingolola mwadzidzidzi, limagwera pansi ngati **65 kilogram (143-pound) guillotine slab ** ndikutulutsa mtambo wa fumbi la gypsum ndi madzi akuda.
4. Boolani Bowo Limodzi Lothandizira la Mamilimita 3 (0.125-Inch):
5. Pogwiritsa ntchito zobowola zazitali za Phillips, chiwongolero, madzi oundana, kapena 3-millimeter (0.125-inch) kubowola mobowola opanda zingwe (kapena kujambulidwa ku chogwirira cha tsache lamatabwa), gwedezani pang'ono **bowo limodzi laling'ono ** pomwe pamunsi pa chithuza cha utoto.
6. **OSATIKULUMULIRA ndi mpeni wothandiza pomwe matuza ali odzaza **, kapena kung'ambika kwadzidzidzi kumang'amba pepala lonse lonyowa polumikizira. Lolani dzenje la mamilimita atatu likhetse madzi otsekeredwa mu chidebe kwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10.
7. Ngati chowumitsira chowumitsira chikudutsa m'malo angapo olumikizirana (omwe ali ndi 40 centimita [16 mainchesi] kapena 60 centimita [24 mainchesi] pakati), ponyani dzenje limodzi la mamilimita atatu pamalo otsikitsitsa a gombe lililonse.

2. Nthawi Yoyenera Kudula ndi Kuchotsa Compromised Drywall¶

Madzi akasiya kukhetsa, yang'anani padenga la drywall:

• The "6-Millimeter (0.25-Inch) Permanent Sag Rule": Malinga ndi Gypsum Association (GA-231) ndi IICRC S500 yobwezeretsa madzi miyezo, ngati denga lonyowa la drywall latsika *kupitilira 6 mpaka 10 mamilimita (0.25 mpaka 0.25 mpaka 0.375 mainchesi) gypsum core, **singathe kukankhidwira m'mwamba ndi zomangira **, imagwa ikauma ndikuchepa.
• Mutavala ** ANSI Z87.1 magalasi oteteza chitetezo, chigoba chafumbi cha N95, ndi magolovesi ogwirira ntchito **, jambulani pakati pa zolumikizira zamatabwa zomwe zili m'malire ndi gawo lonyowa ndi mpeni ndikuchotsa bwalo lonyowa lomwe lawonongeka kukhala matumba otaya zinyalala. Kuchotsa malo onyowa kumawonetsanso **pansi pa bafa lapamwamba la P-trap ndi nsapato yotayira **, kupangitsa kukonza kwa ma plumbing kukhala kosavuta komanso kulola mafani othamanga kwambiri kuti awumitse chipinda chapansi pamaola m'malo mwa milungu.

Kuyanika konyowa kutha kuyatsa, mabokosi ophatikizika, ndi zolumikizira pansi¶

1. ** Kuyang'ana ndi Kuumitsa Chowunikira Chonyowa **:
2. **Sungani wowononga dera WOZIMA kwa maola 48 mpaka 72 **.
3. Kokani chotsekeracho chingathe kuchepetsa kapena kumasula choyikapo nyali chokwera pamwamba kuchokera pabokosi lachitsulo/pulasitiki la octagonal junction kuti madzi achulukidwe atuluke kunja kwa dome.
4. Chotsani mtedza wawaya (zolumikizira zopindika) mkati mwa bokosi lolumikizirana, imitsani ma conductor a mkuwa ndi nsalu yoyera, fufuzani ngati pali njanji zakuda zamtundu wa arc kapena corrosion yobiriwira ya copper oxide, ndipo siyani chingwecho chili chotseguka pawaya yothandizira pomwe chowotcha chimawomba mpweya wowuma m'chipinda chotseguka kwa maola 48.
5. Sinthani zida zamagetsi zilizonse zonyowa za madalaivala a LED, ma module a dimmer, kapena mababu a CFL/LED: Zowongolera zamakono zophatikizika za LED ndi mababu anzeru zimakhala ndi matabwa oyendetsa ma capacitor otsika kwambiri omwe amawononga ndi kuzungulira pang'ono akamizidwa m'madzi osamba; tayani chotchinga chilichonse cha LED chomwe chili ndi madzi ndikuyika gawo latsopano la UL/CE-lomwe liri lonyowa lokhala ndi retrofit bokosi likawuma.
6. Kupewa Kuwola kwa Joist ndi Nkhungu Pawindo la Maola 24 mpaka 48:
7. Njere za nkhungu (Aspergillus, Penicillium, ndi Stachybotrys chartarum) zimayamba kumera papepala lonyowa lowuma ndi matabwa a subfloor OSB/plywood mkati mwa 24 mpaka 48 hours pa kutentha firiji.
8. Ngati denga linatsegulidwa (kapena ngati mutha kutsegula zitini zoyatsira zoyatsira ndi malo olowera m'mwamba), yesetsani ** woyendetsa mpweya wothamanga kwambiri ** kulowa mu joist bay kumapeto kwina kotero kuti mpweya utuluke mbali inayo, ndikuyendetsa ** dehumidifier ** m'chipinda chokhazikitsidwa ku ** 35 mpaka 40 peresenti ya chinyezi mu chipinda chosindikizira cha matabwa ** mpaka mapini otsika awerenge 15 peresenti ya chinyezi **.

Nambala zadzidzidzi zachigawo, ma code amagetsi, ndi miyeso ya mapaipi¶

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Chifukwa chiyani simuyenera kuyimitsa kuyatsa kwapakhoma pamene madzi akutuluka kuchokera padenga?¶

Madzi akatuluka kuchokera m'chipinda cham'mwamba kupita kuchipinda cholumikizira denga, amayenda molunjika pajekete lakunja la pulasitiki la chingwe chamagetsi (Romex / twin-and-earth) kulowa m'bokosi lolumikizira denga komanso bokosi losinthira khoma. Mukakhudza chosinthira chonyowa pakhoma kapena chitsulo chakumaso mukuyimirira pansi ponyowa, mphamvu ya 120-volt kapena 230-volt imatha kudutsa m'dzanja lanu ndi pamtima mpaka pansi. Komanso, m'nyumba mawaya ndi denga lophimba kuzungulira, kuzimitsa khoma lophimba kusiya waukulu mphamvu chakudya mkati chonyowa denga kuwala mphambano bokosi kwathunthu mphamvu. Nthawi zonse siyani chosinthira pakhoma chokha ndikutseka cholumikizira nthambi pagawo lalikulu lamagetsi.

Bwanji osakoka pulagi ya bafa ngati mutapeza kuti denga likudontha pamene wina ali m’bafa la m’mwamba?¶

Ngati kudontha kwapansi kumayamba chifukwa cha slip-joint P-trap kapena nsapato yotsekera m'bafa yomwe ili pansi pa bafa, madzi omwe amakhala mkati mwa bafa amangotsekeredwa ndi choyimitsa bafa chotsekedwa. Ngati muchita mantha ndikutsegula chotsekera kuti "muchotse m'chubu," onse malita 150 mpaka 250 amadzi osambira, olemera makilogramu 150 mpaka 250 (mapaundi 330 mpaka 550), amathamangira molunjika mu chitoliro chotseguka kulowa pansi, ndikupangitsa kuti padenga la pansi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pang'ambidwe. denga lonse lansanjika yoyamba. M'malo mwake, siyani choyimitsira chubu chotsekedwa ndikuchotsa madzi osamba ndi ndowa m'chimbudzi.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati denga la bafa la m'chipinda cham'mwamba likudontha kuchokera ku chitoliro choponderezedwa kapena chitoliro chopopera?¶

Zimitsanitu bafa ya m'mwamba ndi mipope ya bafa, onetsetsani kuti palibe amene amatsuka chimbudzi kapena kuthira sinki, ndipo yang'anani kudontha kwa denga la m'chipinda chapansi mutatulutsa chithuza chilichonse chonyowa. Chitoliro chamadzi chamkuwa kapena PEX (kapena chophatikizira chophatikizira chophatikizira cha shawa) chimakhala pansi pa 350 mpaka 550 kilopascal (50 mpaka 80 PSI) kuthamanga kwamadzi amtawuniyi maola 24 pa tsiku, kotero ipitilira kupopera mbewu ndi kuthira mosalekeza mpaka mutatseka valavu yamadzi yanyumba yayikulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kukhetsa kwapakati (monga mtedza wa P-trap wotsetsereka, chubu chovunda, kapena poto yosamba) imangolandira madzi pamene wina akuyendetsa, kotero kuti kudonthako kumachepetsedwa ndikuyima mkati mwa mphindi 10 mpaka 20 madzi atasiya.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuboola kabowo kakang'ono ka mamilimita atatu m'chithuza chopendekera padenga kumalepheretsa denga lonse kugwa?¶

Utoto wamakono wa latex siling'i umapanga khungu lotanuka, lopanda madzi pamwamba pa gypsum drywall. Madzi osamba akasefukira m'malo olumikizirana, madzi amalowetsedwa mkati mwa gypsum core ndikumabwinja mkati mwa filimu ya penti ya latex yotambasuka ngati baluni yayikulu yamadzi. Chifukwa chakuti gypsum drywall imataya mphamvu zake 80 peresenti ikanyowa, malita 40 (10.5 galoni) a madzi otsekeredwa amawonjezera kulemera kwa ma kilogalamu 40 (mapaundi 88) zomwe zimang'amba mwachangu zitsulo zomangira. Kuyimirira chammbali ndikubowola bowo limodzi la mamilimita atatu (0.125-inch) pamalo otsikitsitsa a chithuza kumakhetsa katundu wolemera kilogalamu 40 mumtsuko mumphindi, ndikutsitsa kukoka kunsi kwa zomangira zowuma.

N'chifukwa chiyani bafa la m'chipinda cham'mwamba cha P-trap linadula mwadzidzidzi mkati mwa denga popanda wina kulikhudza?¶

M'nyumba zambiri, omanga kapena okonzanso amaika 1.5-inch (38-millimeter) pulasitiki slip-joint P-msampha (womangidwa pamodzi ndi ulusi woponderezedwa ndi manja ndi makina ochapira a nayiloni) mkati mwa chipinda chapansi m'malo mwa ndondomeko ya 40 PVC kapena ABS. Nthawi zonse pamene wina akukhetsa madzi osambira otentha, chitoliro cha pulasitiki chimakula kwambiri ndikufewetsa pang'ono; nthawi yomweyo, kulowa mu galasi la fiberglass kapena bafa la acrylic kumasinthasintha pansi pa chubu kutsika ndi mamilimita angapo. Mabafa ambiri, kuphatikiza kupalasa njinga kotentha komanso kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kumayenda pang'onopang'ono nati yolumikizirana kuchokera kumapeto kwa mkono wosalala mpaka itamasuka.

Kodi ndi bwino liti kuyatsa choboolera choyatsira denga la m'chipinda chapansi madzi atayikira?¶

Osatembenuziranso chowotcha dera chifukwa madzi asiya kudontha kunja. Madzi amakhala otsekeredwa mkati mwa zitsulo kapena bokosi lolumikizira pulasitiki, mkati mwa mtedza wopindika pa waya, komanso mkati mwa madalaivala amagetsi okhala ndi mababu a LED kapena masiwichi a dimmer kwa masiku. Chotsani chowotchacho CHOZIMITSA, chotsani chowongolera ndi babu, tsegulani bokosi lolumikizirana kuti mutulutse chinyezi chilichonse, yang'anani magawo omwe akuwonongeka kapena akuwotcha, ndikulola kuti mpweya uziyenda pamalo otseguka kwa maola 48 mpaka 72 (m'malo mwa gawo lililonse lamadzi la LED retrofit) musanayese ndikubwezeretsa mphamvu.

*Bukhuli ndi lofuna kudziwa zambiri ndipo sililowa m'malo mwa plumber yemwe ali ndi chilolezo, katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo, kapena katswiri wodziwa kukonzanso zowononga madzi wa IICRC. Nthawi zonse muzithimitsa magetsi pamalo ophwanyira magetsi musanayambe kugwira ntchito pafupi ndi denga lanyowa, ndipo ganizirani kuchita zadzidzidzi zapakhomo ndi maphunziro a chithandizo choyamba kuchokera ku Red Cross kapena St John Ambulance.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kugwa kwa denga, zowumitsira madzi zodzaza ndi madzi, ndi ngozi ya pulasitala
• Makiyi a denga kapena pulasitala amagwera mwadzidzidzi pabedi kapena pabedi
• Kugwa kwa subfloor, zolumikizira zimbudzi zowola, ndi bafa losambira kapena chimbudzi
• Kuphulika chitoliro
• Nkhungu pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa madzi
• Moto wamagetsi ndi zoyaka
• Nambala zangozi

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• International Code Council (ICC) & International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO): International Plumbing Code (IPC Section 1002: Trap Requirements and Prohibition of Concealed Slip Joints) & Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC Gawo 1004).
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) & Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI): * National Electrical Code (NEC NFPA 70 Article 410: Luminaires in Wet and Damp Locations) & Post-Water-Intrusion Electrical Safety Guidelines *.
• Institute of Inspection, Cleaning and Restoration Certification (IICRC): * ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard for Professional Water Damage Restoration (Gawo la 2 Greywater Bathwater Mitigation, Ceiling Blister Drainage, ndi 24-to-48-Hour Structural Drying) *.
• Gypsum Association (GA): GA-231: Kuyang'ana Zogulitsa Zapagulu Zowonongeka ndi Madzi (Sag Thresholds and Replacement Criteria for Wet Drywall Ceilings).