Federal Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco Magetsi mapanelo: Kulephera-ku-Ulendo Moto¶

Ngati nyumba yanu, nyumba, kapena nyumba yamalonda idamangidwa kapena kukonzedwanso pakati pa 1950 ndi 1990 ndipo ili ndi Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) Stab-Lok yophwanyira dera kapena Zinsco (yogulitsidwanso ngati GTE-Sylvania kapena Kearney) chophwanyira dera, makina anu ogawa magetsi amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, lobisika lobisika. Mosiyana ndi zotchingira zamagetsi zamakono zomwe zimatseguka m'kati mwa ma milliseconds owopsa kapena waya wokhazikika, FPE Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco breaker pafupipafupi kupanikizana kumatsekeka mkati pomwe chogwirira cha pulasitiki chakunja chimakhala chokhazikika pa ON position. Chingwe chamagetsi chikatha, chotenthetsera cham'mlengalenga chimadzaza dera lanthambi, kapena chowongolera mpweya chimatseka, chophwanyira chophwanyidwa chimalola ** 50 mpaka 200+ ma amps a vuto laposachedwa ** kuthira mosalekeza mu 14-AWG kapena 12-AWG mawaya amkuwa kapena aluminiyamu yanyumba yomwe amavotera ma 20 ma ampasi 20 okha. Pakangotha ​​masekondi pang'ono, kondakitala wamkuwa kapena aluminiyamu mkati mwa makoma anu amatenthetsa kuposa 600 digiri Celsius (1,112 degrees Fahrenheit), kusungunula zotchingira zake zapulasitiki, kuyatsa zipilala zamatabwa ndi zotsekera m'chipinda chapamwamba, kapena kuwotcherera chophwanyiracho molunjika pabasi yamoyo mkati mwa kabati yachitsulo. Ngati mukumva fungo la pulasitiki loyaka kapena fungo loipa la nsomba yowola pafupi ndi bokosi lanu lamagetsi, imvani kunjenjemera kapena 60-Hz kuseri kwa chitseko chachitsulo, kapena mukuwona utsi ukufutukuka kuchokera kumabotolo anu kapena pachivundikiro chanu, imbani foni kwanuko. manambala angozi nthawi yomweyo, onaninso zathu magetsi gulu arcing ndi overheating kalozera, onani wathu moto wamagetsi ndi kalozera wopulumuka, ndi kufunsa athu malo otentha khoma ndi chiwongolero cha waya wa aluminiyamu.

Chifukwa chopiringizika FPE kapena Zinsco breaker imatha kukhala yowotcherera ku basi yopatsa mphamvu ngakhale mutatembenuza chogwirira chake cha pulasitiki kuti ZIMZIMU, musaganize kuti dera lafa pongoyang'ana chogwiriracho. Kudziwa momwe mungadziwire malo omwe ali ndi vuto lonyamula katundu popanda kuchotsa chivundikiro chakufa, kudula mphamvu mosamala pa cholumikizira chakunja kwa mita, ndikutsitsa katundu wokwera kwambiri mpaka wogwiritsa ntchito magetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo alowe m'malo mwa gululo kungalepheretse kuyatsa moto.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Ngati magetsi akunjenjemera, akutuluka, akusuta, amawala lalanje, kapena kutentha kwa khomo lakunja kwachitsulo: MUSAMAkhudze chitseko kapena kutembenuza zosweka mkati mwake. Vuto lamkati la busbar mkati mwa nduna ya Federal Pacific kapena Zinsco likhoza kukwera mpaka 5,000-degree-Celsius-degree-Celsius (9-000-degree-Flash-arc phase arc phase) kuphulika nthawi yomweyo dzanja lanu limanjenjemera mu kabati kapena kutembenuza chophwanyira chachifupi ndikunyamula. Yesetsani kuti aliyense akhale pafupi ndi 3 mita (mamita 10), tulukani mnyumbamo nthawi yomweyo, ndipo imbani ku 911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, kapena 999 ku United Kingdom.
2. Chotsani zida zonse zonyamulika panyumbapo nthawi yomweyo kuti mugwetse magetsi omwe akuyenda pagawo. Musanakhudze maswitchi aliwonse pagawo lotentha kapena lokayikira FPE kapena Zinsco, dutsani mnyumbamo ndikuzimitsa kapena kumasula 1,500-watt zotenthetsera zam'mlengalenga, zowumitsira mawindo, zowumitsira tsitsi, zowumitsira zovala zamagetsi, ma microwave charger, ma microwave charger. Kugwetsa amperage pamabwalo anthambi kuyimitsa kutentha kwamphamvu (I squared R) kudutsa mabasi owonongeka ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya arc-flash.
3. Kudula mphamvu pa Exterior Main Meter Disconnect (ngati ilipo) m'malo modalira "Split-Bus" ya FPE yapawiri kapena chothyola chachikulu cha Zinsco. Yendani panja kupita pagawo lanu la mita yamagetsi. Ngati pali chotchinga chotchinga nyengo kapena bokosi lakunja lopachikidwa pafupi ndi mita yagalasi, imirirani m'mbali, yang'anani kumbali, ndi kukokera cholumikizira chakunja ku ** CHONCHO ** ndi dzanja limodzi.
4. ** Mvetsetsani "Dead-Man Handle Trap": musamakhulupirire FPE Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco breaker yomwe yatembenuzidwira ku OFF.** Kuyesa kwa labotale kunatsimikizira kuti pamene Federal Pacific two-pole breaker kapena Zinsco aluminium-bus breaker ikalephera kuyenda mozungulira, njira yolumikizirana yamkati nthawi zambiri ** imadzigudubuza yokha kuti itseke kapena kukankhira kunja * pulasitiki OFF. Nthawi zonse sungani waya uliwonse mkati mwa nyumbayo ngati wamoyo 120V/240V mpaka itatsimikiziridwa kuti yafa ndi makina oyesa magetsi osalumikizana ndi ma digito ochuluka.
5. Musamapope madzi, mankhwala onyowa, kapena thovu pagulu lophwanyira utsi. Gwiritsani ntchito Class C yokhayokha (Dry Chemical ABC kapena Carbon Dioxide \(\text{CO}_2\)) chozimitsira moto kuchokera patali pafupifupi 1.8 mita (mamita 6) ngati malawi ang'onoang'ono akuwoneka kunja kwa nduna ndipo njira yanu yotulukira ndi yoyera.
6. Osachotsa chivundikiro chamkati chachitsulo cha "dead-front" pa panel ya Zinsco kapena FPE nokha. Pa mapanelo a Zinsco, mabasi a aluminiyamu ochita dzimbiri ndi zomangira zosungunuka zimamamatira kumbuyo kwa zobowola; kukokera chitsulo chakutsogolo kutsogolo kumatha kusuntha chophwanyira chosungunuka ndi theka motsutsana ndi mabasi oyandikana nawo, ndikuyambitsa **240-volt bolted short circuit ** mainchesi kuchokera kumaso kwanu.

Mtengo wosankha: Kuyeserera kwa mapanelo a FPE Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco / Sylvania¶

Gwiritsani ntchito mtengo wachigamulowu kuti muwone ngati vuto lanu likufuna kuthamangitsidwa kwa ozimitsa moto nthawi yomweyo, kuzimitsa kwadzidzidzi, kapena kukhetsa magetsi mwachangu.

flowchart TD
    Start["Wokayikira Federal Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco / Sylvania Panel"] --> SensoryCheck{"Kodi pali zizindikiro za chenjezo logwira ntchito pompano?"}

    SensoryCheck -->|"A. Utsi woyaka, moto wamoto, phokoso lalikulu/kunjenjemera, kuyaka/fungo la nsomba, kapena chitseko chachitsulo chotentha."| EmergencyEvac["ZOCHITIKA ZOCHITIKA PAMODZI PAMODZI: 1. OSAKHUDZA chitseko kapena zogwirira ntchito 2. Chotsani aliyense kunja nthawi yomweyo 3. Imbani 911 / 112 / 999 kuchokera kunja 4. Pemphani Zadzidzidzi Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zamagetsi Kukoka kwa Meter"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"B. Dera limodzi lafa, likuthwanima, kapena chipangizo chayaka moto, NDIPO chophwanyira sichinapunthwe."| JammedBreaker["ZOCHITIKA ZOPHUNZITSIRA-KUPITA-ULEndo ZOCHITIKA: Wophwanyira watsekeka chifukwa chakuchulukira kapena kufupika. 1. OSATI kukhudza chingwe chamagetsi chomwe chikuyaka 2. Yang'anani panja pafupi ndi mita yamagetsi kuti mupeze Cholumikizira Chakunja"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"C. Palibe utsi kapena kutentha pakali pano; mwangopeza kuti muli ndi gulu la FPE kapena Zinsco"| ColdInspect["LATENT HAZARD MITIGATION: Chitani chizindikiritso chosalumikizana popanda kutulutsa chitsulo chamkati chakufa chakutsogolo"]

    JammedBreaker --> ExtCheck{"Kodi pali chophwanyira chamakono chakunja kunja kwa mita yogwiritsira ntchito?"}
    ExtCheck -->|"INDE"| CutOutside["Imani chammbali, tembenuzirani kumbali, ndipo tembenuzirani Kutulutsa Kwakukulu Kokani kuti ZIMIMA ndi dzanja limodzi. Kenako chotsani chida chachifupi ndikuyimbira katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo."]
    ExtCheck -->|"AYI: Ndi FPE yamkati yokha kapena gulu la Zinsco lomwe lilipo"| CutInside["Zimitsani magetsi onse akuchipinda ndi zida zathanzi kaye kuti mutsitse katundu. Valani magolovesi achikopa owuma & magalasi oteteza chitetezo, imani kumbali ya chitseko chokhala ndi hing'ono, ndipo tembenuzani Main Breaker WOZIMA."]

    ColdInspect --> PanelType{"Kodi muli ndi mtundu wanji wa mbiri yakale?"}
    PanelType -->|"Ophwanya-nsonga zofiira / 'Federal Pacific' / 'Stab-Lok' script"| FPEProtocol["FPE STAB-LOK PROTOCOL: 1. Letsani zotenthetsera zonse za 1,500W & ma adapter ampopi angapo 2. Osadzaza mabwalo opitilira 50% mphamvu 3. Konzani zonse 200A zosinthira mabasi amkuwa amakono"]
    PanelType -->|"Zogwirizira zamitundu yowala (Blue, Green, Red, Pinki) / 'Zinsco' / 'Sylvania'"| ZinscoProtocol["ZINSCO / SYLVANIA PROTOCOL: 1. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa kuwotcherera ndi kusungunula kobisika kwa basi-to-basi 2. OSATIKULUTSA mobwerezabwereza zophulika 3. Konzani zosintha nthawi yomweyo"]

Kalozera wozindikiritsa: Momwe mungawonere mapanelo a FPE Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco mumasekondi 30¶

Eni nyumba, obwereketsa, ndi oyembekezera ogula nthawi zambiri amanyalanyaza mapanelo amagetsi oopsa chifukwa chitseko chakunja cha kabati yachitsulo chotuwa chimawoneka ngati chofanana ndi bokosi lamakono lopumira. Mutha kuzindikira mabanja onse omwe ali pachiwopsezo pamasekondi osakwana 30 Kungogubuduza tsegulani chitseko cholowera kunja (osamasula chitsulo chamkati chomwe chimakwirira mawaya).

1. Momwe mungadziwire gulu la Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) "Stab-Lok".¶

Federal Pacific Electric inapanga ndikuyika mamiliyoni a Stab-Lok malo odzaza nyumba ku United States, Canada (ogulitsidwa pansi pa Federal Pioneer), ndi madera ena a Caribbean ndi Latin America pakati pa 1950 ndi pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1980. Yang'anani zolembera zowoneka bwino izi:

• Zizindikiro za Nameplate: Yang'anani pachitseko cholowera kapena chozungulira cha "Federal Pacific", "FPE", "Stab-Lok", "Federal Electric", kapena "Federal Noark".
• Siginecha Red-Orange Breaker Stripes: Zophwanya Zowona za FPE Stab-Lok zimakhala ndi mizere yofiira kapena yalalanje kumapeto kwa chosinthira chakuda chilichonse, chokhala ndi amperage (15, 20, 30, 50) zosindikizidwa zoyera mkati mwa rectangle yofiira.
• ** Center-ON Oriental and Wafer Breakers**: M'magulu awiri a FPE, akukankha zophwanya ON imasuntha zogwirira ** molunjika pakati pa msoko**, nthawi zambiri kusakaniza ** zowonda zopyapyala za 12.7-millimeter (½-inchi)** ndi **zonyezimira 25.4-millimeter (1 inchi) **.
• "Gawani-Mabasi-Lachisanu ndi chimodzi" Gawo Lapamwamba: Zambiri za 1950s mpaka 1970s FPE mapanelo alibe Main Breaker imodzi. M'malo mwake, theka lapamwamba lili ndi mpaka zisanu ndi imodzi zophulika 2-pole (za Range, Dryer, A/C, Water Heater, ndi 60-amp "LIGHTING MAIN" kudyetsa osweka 15A/20A otsika). Kuti mutseke nyumbayo, muyenera kutembenuza mabowo onse asanu ndi limodzi apamwamba othyola mipanda iwiri KUZIMU; ngati kupanikizana kulikonse mkati, dera limenelo limakhalabe mpaka zofunikira zimakoka mita yakunja.

2. Momwe mungadziwire gulu la Zinsco, GTE-Sylvania, kapena Kearney¶

Yopangidwa ndi Zinsmeyer Company yaku Los Angeles ndikuyikidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, mapangidwe a Zinsco adagulidwa ndi GTE-Sylvania mu 1973 ndikugulitsidwa pansi pa Zinsco, Sylvania, ndi Kearney mayina.

• Zizindikiro za Nameplate: Yang'anani "ZINSCO", "Zinsco-Sylvan", "Sylvania", "GTE-Sylvania", kapena "Kearney" pachitseko kapena chizindikiro. (Mapanelo a Sylvania okha okhala ndi zojambulidwa zokongola za Zinsco amanyamula ngozi ya busbar ya Zinsco.)
• Maswiti Ophwanyira Maswiti: Zinsco ndi Sylvania-Zinsco mapanelo amagwiritsa zogwirizira zolimba zapulasitiki zowoneka bwino zokhala ndi mtundu wa amperage:
• ** 15-Amp **: ** Buluu ** chogwirira
• 20-Amp: Wobiriwira kapena Woyera chogwirira
• 30-Amp: Chingwe chofiyira
• ** 40-Amp **: ** Chingwe cha Orange ** kapena ** Chobiriwira **
• 50-Amp: Pinki, Magenta, kapena Chikono chachikasu
• **Makonzedwe Aatali, Opapatiza Pamalo **: Zinsco breakers ndi zazitali komanso zopapatiza (19 millimeters / 3/4 inch wide), nthawi zambiri amasanjidwa molunjika pomwe zotembenuza zimatembenuzira mmwamba ndi pansi osati kumanzere ndi kumanja.

Kuyerekeza kulephera kwauinjiniya: Ophwanya amakono a UL 489 vs. FPE Stab-Lok vs. Zinsco¶

Gwiritsani ntchito tebulo lofanizira la uinjiniyali kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake oyang'anira nyumba, ozimitsa moto, ndi olemba inshuwaransi ya katundu amatengera mapanelo a FPE Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco ngati zoopsa zamoto zomwe sizingachitike osati "zida zakale."

Chifukwa chiyani FPE Stab-Lok ndi Zinsco breakers zimayambitsa moto wobisika wanyumba¶

Kuti mumvetse chifukwa chake mapanelowa amayatsa moto m'nyumba popanda chenjezo, yang'anani malo ophwanyira nyumba ndi mabasi.

1. The Federal Pacific (FPE) Mechanical Latch Jamming Flaw¶

Mu chowotcha chamakono chamakono, makina opangira tsitsi amapangidwa pansi pa kupsinjika kwa masika. Pansi pa overcurrent, ** bimetallic strip ** imapindika kuchokera kutentha (kuchuluka pang'onopang'ono) kapena ** electromagnetic solenoid ** imatseguka (mwadzidzidzi kufa mwachidule), kumasula latch kuti kasupe amataya olumikizana nawo.

Mu mapangidwe a Federal Pacific Stab-Lok: 1. Mabowo akupondaponda ndi kukangana mu latch yozungulira: FPE idagwiritsa ntchito zida zachitsulo zomwe zili mkati mwa chipolopolo cha Bakelite chomwe chimamangirira kugwidwa kosasunthika ndi mphamvu yamakina. 2. The Double-Pole Crossbar Bind: Chida chamagetsi cha 240-volt (chowumitsira magetsi, chowumitsira mpweya, chitofu, kapena chotenthetsera pa bolodi) chimagwiritsa ntchito ** chophwanyira matabwa awiri **. Ngati cholakwika chikachitika pa **imodzi yokha mwa mawaya awiri a 120-volt ** (kupitilira 80 peresenti ya zolakwika zenizeni), mbali imodzi yokha ndiyomwe imayesa kuyenda. Chifukwa tayi yakunja imagwirizira mbali inayo mowumirira, cholumikizira chamkati ** chitambala cham'mbali ndi ma wedge olimba **. 3. Zotsatira zake: Mukangotsekeredwa, **palibe mbali iliyonse ya chophwanya policho chomwe chingayende **, ngakhale pa 200 mpaka 500 amp pa waya wa 20-amp kapena 30-amp. Waya womwe uli mkati mwa khoma lanu umasanduka chinthu chotenthetsera chotentha kwambiri, chomwe chimayatsa kumbuyo kwa khoma lowuma pomwe chophwanyira cha FPE chimakhalabe. ON. 4. ** Stab-Socket Busbar Arcing **: Busbar ya gulu la FPE ili ndi ** kubowola mabowo okhala ndi m'mphepete mwake **, ndipo wosweka ali ndi ** tsamba la kasupe lomwe labayidwa mu dzenje **. Ikagundidwa kapena kukokedwa, soketiyo imamasuka, ndikupanga malo otchinga kwambiri mkati mwa basi.

2. Kulephera kwa Zinsco / GTE-Sylvania Aluminium Busbar Liquefaction¶

Pomwe cholakwika cha FPE ndikumangirira kwamakina, Cholakwika chachikulu cha Zinsco ndikuwonongeka kwazitsulo pamalumikizidwe a basi, kuphatikiza ndi kuwotcherera kwamkati: 1. ** Mabasi Opangira Aluminiyamu Yaiwisi : Zinsco idapanga mabasi ake kuchokera ku ** ndodo za aluminiyamu / njanji pamayimidwe apulasitiki. Aluminiyamu mumpweya imapanga wosanjikiza wa aluminiyamu okusayidi (\(\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3\)), chopondera chamagetsi cha ceramic. 2. Zing'onozing'ono za Copper Spring: Kumbuyo kwa choboola cha Zinsco kumagwiritsa ntchito timapepala ta mkuwa tooneka ngati U tomwe timadutsa panjanji ya aluminiyamu. Chifukwa mkuwa ndi aluminiyumu zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokulirapo yamafuta (galvanic corrosion + thermal mismatch), kuyendetsa katundu wolemetsa kumakulitsa, kumasula, ndikuwonjezera oxidize clip. 3. ** Runaway Busbar Arcing and Melting : Kukwera kukana kulumikizana kumayambitsa ** Kutentha kwa Joule (I squared R). Aluminiyamu amasungunuka pa 660 digiri Celsius (1,220 madigiri Fahrenheit). Zojambula zotayirira zimazungulira mosalekeza motsutsana ndi ndodo ya aluminiyamu, **kusungunula mabokosi kuchokera mubasi ** ndikusakaniza thupi losweka. 4. Chifukwa Chake Chophwanyidwa cha Zinsco Sichitha Kuyenda: Kutentha kwambiri kumalowa mu chopumira cha Zinsco, kusungunula chonyamulira chamkati ndikuwotcherera zolumikizira kutseka. Ngati muyesa kutembenuza chogwirira chachikuda kuti OFF, chosinthira pulasitiki chimatha kapena kuyenda momasuka pomwe dera limakhalabe.

Protocol yadzidzidzi pang'onopang'ono: Zoyenera kuchita ngati gulu lanu la FPE kapena Zinsco linunkhiza, kulira, kapena kulephera kuyenda¶

Tsatirani ndondomekoyi panthawi ya vuto lamagetsi pa Federal Pacific kapena Zinsco panel kuti muteteze electrocution, arc flash burns, ndi moto wobisika wapakhoma.

Gawo 1: Kuyesa Kwaposachedwa (Masekondi 60 Oyamba)¶

1. Unikani kuchokera pa Mamita 1.5 (Mapazi 5) Pogwiritsa Ntchito Maso, Phokoso, ndi Fungo:
2. Fungo: Kodi mumanunkhiza nsomba zakufa zowola, ammonia, mkodzo, kapena pulasitiki ya Bakelite yowotcha? (Kutentha kwambiri kwa thermoset phenolic resin kumatulutsa ma methylamine omwe amanunkhiza ngati nsomba zakufa zam'madzi.)
3. Phokoso: Kodi mumamva kung'ung'udza, kukazinga nyama yankhumba, kung'ambika, kapena phokoso la 60-Hz / 50-Hz hum kuseri kwa chivundikirocho?
4. Kuona: Kodi mukuwona zingwe za utsi, mwaye wakuda kuzungulira msoko, zogwirira zamitundu yosungunuka, kapena zowala zalalanje?
5. **Ngati ZINTHU ZINA mwa zizindikirozo zilipo pagulu **:
6. OSATI kukhudza gululo. Musatsegule chitseko kapena kutembenuza chobowola chachikulu mkati mwa bokosilo.
7. Chotsani munthu aliyense ndikuweta panja nthawi yomweyo.
8. Imbani 911 (US/Canada), 112 (EU), kapena 999 (UK) kuchokera kunja ndikupempha zida zonse zozimitsa moto komanso kulumikizidwa kwadzidzidzi kwamagetsi.

Gawo 2: Kuzimitsa Mphamvu Zotetezedwa Pamene Chipangizo Chake Kapena Chotuluka Chikafupika (Wophwanyira Walephera Kuyenda)¶

Chingwe chikayaka, chotuluka chimasuta, kapena cholumikizira chounikira chimalira pomwe chigwiriro chilichonse cha FPE kapena Zinsco chimakhala ON:

1. OSATI gwira pulagi kapena chingwe ndi dzanja lopanda kanthu:
2. Chifukwa chothyokacho chinalephera kugwa, chingwecho chimanyamula mphamvu yamagetsi ndipo chimatenthedwa kwambiri. Kutulutsa pulagi yachifupi kuchokera pamalo opangirapo zinthu kumatha kukukokerani 2,000-degree-Celsius arc flash padzanja lanu kapena kusiya zowotcherera pakhoma.
3. **Yang'anani Kunja pa Electric Meter Choyamba **:
4. Nyumba zambiri za m'ma 1960 ndi 1970s zimakhala ndi ** chophwanya chachikulu chakunja pafupi ndi mita yogwiritsira ntchito **, kupangitsa bokosi la FPE lamkati kapena Zinsco kukhala ** subpanel **.
5. Ngati chobowola chakunja chilipo, itembenuzireni ku OFF kaye kuti muchotse mphamvu pagulu lamkati mwachitetezo.
6. Ngati Muyenera Kutseka Chophwanya Mkati mwa FPE kapena Zinsco Panel (Pamene Gulu Silikusuta):
7. Valani **magolovesi achikopa owuma, magalasi oteteza chitetezo, ndi nsapato zokhala ndi mphira **, ndipo musayime pa konkire yonyowa kapena mapaipi achitsulo.
8. **Imani ku mbali ya hinje ya gulu **, tembenuzirani nkhope yanu kumbali, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito **dzanja limodzi lokha ** kuti mutembenuze chophwanya nthambi NDI Main Breaker (kapena onse asanu ndi limodzi ophwanya mizati iwiri mu gulu la Split-Bus FPE) kuti KUZIMU.
9. Tsimikizirani Kuti Dera Lafadi ("Dead-Man Handle Trap"):
10. Pambuyo potembenuza chogwirira cha FPE kapena Zinsco kuti OFF, yang'anani magetsi azipinda kapena gwirani Non-Contact Voltage Tester (NCVT) pafupi ndi chingwe.
11. Magesi akakhala WOYANKHA kapena choyezera voteji chikulira ndi chogwirira CHOZIMITSA: Chophwanyira chotsekeredwa chotsekedwa mkati. Zimitsani Main Breaker kapena imbani chida chanu chamagetsi kukokera mita yagalasi kunja.

Gawo 3: Kuyang'anira Khoma la Thermal Wall Pambuyo pa Chochitika Cholephereka Paulendo¶

Pamene FPE kapena Zinsco breaker ilola kuchulukira kapena dera lalifupi lipitirire musanatseke pamanja, ** chingwe chozungulira nthambi (Romex / NM-B) mkati mwa makoma anu ** mumakumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa kutentha: 1. Imvani chowumitsira panjira pakati pa chotuluka ndi chophwanyira ndi kumbuyo kwa dzanja lanu. 2. Ngati khoma lililonse likumva kutentha, ngati mukumva fungo la utsi wa nkhuni kapena pulasitiki yoyaka m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, kapena ngati masiwichi asintha, itanani ozimitsa moto nthawi yomweyo kuti ajambule makomawo ndi kamera yojambula yotentha.

Kupulumuka kwakanthawi ndikudikirira wamagetsi kuti asinthe gulu la FPE kapena Zinsco¶

Kusintha gulu lalikulu nthawi zambiri kumawononga $2,000 mpaka $4,500 USD ndipo pamafunika kukonza katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo, chilolezo cha tapala, ndi kulumikizidwa kwamagetsi. Poyembekezera kusinthidwa, tsatirani malamulo apanyumba awa:

1. **Ziwongolero Zam'mlengalenga Zero **:
2. Chotenthetsera chamlengalenga cha 1,500-watt chimakoka 12.5 ma amps mosalekeza. Pa chigawo cha 15-amp chokhala ndi magetsi ndi zamagetsi, kujambula kumafika ** 16 mpaka 22 amps (110% mpaka 145% ya mlingo) **, malo enieni omwe amadzaza kwambiri momwe FPE ndi Zinsco breakers ali ndi **kulephera kwakukulu kwa ulendo **. Chotsani zotenthetsera zonse zam'mlengalenga zamagetsi nthawi yomweyo.
3. Musamayendetse Zida Ziwiri Zojambula Pamwamba Panjira Yomweyi Nthawi Imodzi:
4. Musamayendetse **microwave, uvuni wa toaster, fryer, ndi ketulo yamagetsi ** nthawi imodzi pa khitchini yomweyi, kapena ** chowumitsira tsitsi ** pomwe chowongolera pawindo chimayenda m'chipinda chogona.
5. ** Osachita Zolimbitsa Thupi Zakale Zinsco kapena FPE Breakers Kubwerera ndi Kutsogolo **:
6. Osagwetsa ma breaker akale a Zinsco kapena FPE NDI KUYANTHA kuti mungowayesa. Pa gulu la Zinsco, kutsetsereka kopanira mkuwa kudutsa busbar ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi okosijeni kumatha kuthyola chigamba cholumikizira ndikuyambitsa arcing pomwe katundu wabwerera.
7. Gwiritsani Ntchito Ma Alamu a Utsi ndi Zingwe Zamagetsi za Plug-In Breaker Pamalo Oli Ngozi Kwambiri:
8. Ikani ** ma alarm a utsi wamagetsi ** mkati mwa chipinda chilichonse komanso ** mwachindunji kunja kwa chipinda chothandizira chokhala ndi gulu la FPE/Zinsco **.
9. Lumikizani zamagetsi zokokera kwambiri mu chingwe chamagetsi cholembedwa ndi UL chokhala ndi cholumikizira cha 15-amp resettable thermal circuit breaker kuti chingwe chiziyenda pang'onopang'ono pamalo ogulitsira m'malo moyesa gulu lapansi.
10. **Pewani Kusintha kwa Aftermarket M'malo mwa FPE ndi Zinsco Breakers **:
11. Kusinthanitsa chophwanya chimodzi kapena ziwiri zotsatsira ($ 50 mpaka $ 120 iliyonse) mkati mwa kabati yakale ya FPE kapena Zinsco **SIKUpangitsa gululo kukhala lotetezeka ** chifukwa pampando wapansi wa basi umakhalabe wamiyendo komanso womasuka. Sungani ndalamazo kumalo atsopano 200-amp copper-bus loading okhala ndi Combination AFCI/GFCI breakers.

Nambala zangozi zachigawo ndi ndondomeko za bungwe¶

Ma voltages ogawa magetsi, miyezo ya ogula, ndi njira zodulira zadzidzidzi zimasiyana malinga ndi dziko ndi dera. Tsatirani ndondomeko yovomerezeka ya malo anu:

• United States ndi Canada:
• ** Moto Wadzidzidzi & Kupulumutsa **: Imbani ** 911 **. Muuzeni wogwiritsa ntchitoyo kuti muli ndi magetsi otenthetsera kapena arcing (Federal Pacific Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco / Sylvania ku US; Federal Pioneer Stab-Lok ku Canada) ndikupempha zida zonse zozimitsa moto ndi ** zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zadzidzidzi ** kuti zikoke mita.
• Lipoti la Consumer Product Hazard: Nenani zolephera za FPE, Zinsco, kapena Federal Pioneer breaker ndi kuyatsa magetsi ku U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) pa SaferProducts.gov (1-800-638-2772) kapena Health Canada Consumer Product Safety (1-866-662-0666).
• Electrical Code Standard: Olowa m'malo akuyenera kutsatira NFPA 70 (National Electrical Code / NEC) ku US kapena CSA C22.1 (Canadian Electrical Code / CEC) ku Canada, kuphatikiza malamulo amakono ovomerezeka (91 cm / 36 in chakuya pa 76 cm / 30 in wide) ndi zolumikizira kunja mwadzidzidzi (NEC 230.85).
• United Kingdom:
• ** Moto Wadzidzidzi & Kupulumutsa **: Imbani ** 999 ** (kapena ** 112 **).
• Emergency Power Network Cut / Service Fuse Issue: Imbani 105 (nambala yadzidzidzi yaulere yaku UK National Power Cut and Distribution Network Operator) ngati yomwe ikubwera ** fuse yodula ya DNO** kapena switch main unit ikutenthedwa kapena kugunda.
• Legacy UK Panel Equivalents: Ku UK, zowopsa za ogula zoyambira zofananira ndi FPE/Zinsco ndi mabokosi a fuse a matabwa a Wylex a 1960 asanafike (BS 3036), **pulasitiki osasintha-3 mayunitsi ogula ** okwera pansi pa masitepe 7 ** 7 Kusindikiza kwa 18 ** zofunikira pazitsulo zazitsulo zosayaka), ndi ** anakumbukira Electrium / Crabtree / Volex / Wylex NSB MCBs ndi RCBOs (kukumbukira 2009 mpaka 2010) **.
• Mgwirizano wamayiko aku Ulaya:
• **Moto Wadzidzidzi & Kupulumutsa **: Imbani 112 m'maiko onse mamembala a EU.
• Miyezo Yotetezedwa: Kuyika kwa nyumba zaku Europe kumadalira DIN-njanji Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCBs mpaka IEC 60898-1) yophatikizidwa ndi 30 mA Residual Current Devices (RCDs / FI-Schutzschalter to IEC 61008). Mafakitole akale a ku Ulaya pambuyo pa nkhondo alibe 30 mA RCD kapena kugwiritsa ntchito screw-in ** Diazed / Neozed ceramic fuses ** omangidwa ndi milatho yokulirapo amakhala ndi ngozi zolephereka paulendo ndipo ayenera kukwezedwa ndi katswiri wamagetsi wovomerezeka.
• Australia ndi New Zealand:
• ** Moto Wadzidzidzi & Kupulumutsa **: Imbani ** 000 ** ku Australia kapena ** 111 ** ku New Zealand.
• Zofananira Zagulu Lacholowa: Ma switchboard akale aku Australia ndi New Zealand okhala ndi mafusi osinthika a porcelain rewirable plug-in kapena mapanelo a Zelemite othandizidwa ndi asbestos opanda 30 mA Safety Switches (RCDs)* pansi pa **AS/NZS 3000 (Malamulo a Wiring.) Osakoka ma fuseti a porcelain pa bolodi lotenthetsera popanda kupatula chosinthira chachikulu.
• India ndi Asia-Pacific:
• Nambala Zadzidzidzi: Imbani 112 (kapena 101 ya Moto) ku India; ** 119 ** ku Japan ndi South Korea; 995 ku Singapore.
• Zowopsa Zagulu la Cholowa: Yang'anani mwatcheru zophwanya ma circuit (MCBs) osatsimikizika kapena abodza (MCBs) opanda zikwangwani zenizeni BIS / ISI (IS/IEC 60898) ku India kapena Zizindikiro za PSE ku Japan, komanso kudutsa **Kit-Kat porcelain yadothi yodumphira yokhala ndi zingwe zomata * Waya wa fuse, womwe umalepheretsa kutsika kopitilira muyeso pakakwera ma voltages ndi ma air-conditioner.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Chifukwa chiyani Federal Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok sanakumbukiridwe mwalamulo ndi boma la US ngati ophwanya alephera kuyenda pafupipafupi?¶

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, bungwe la U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) linafufuza za Federal Pacific Electric Stab-Lok zowonongeka pambuyo poti Reliance Electric idagula FPE ndipo idapeza kuti FPE idagwiritsa ntchito mabwalo achinyengo kuti ipeze zilembo za UL certification ngakhale kuti inali yolephera kwambiri. Mu 1983, CPSC idatseka kafukufuku wake popanda kukumbukiridwa chifukwa idasowa ndalama za federal zomwe zimafunikira kuti atsutse wopanga, kuchenjeza mosapita m'mbali kuti kutseka mlanduwo sikukutanthauza kuti ophwanyawo anali otetezeka. Mu 2002, Khoti Lalikulu la New Jersey linagamula mlandu wa kalasi-action (Chestnut v. Federal Pacific Electric Co.) kuti FPE inachita chinyengo cha ogula ponyenga mayesero a UL calibration kwa zaka zambiri.

Kodi ndingangosintha zophwanya zakale mkati mwa gulu langa la FPE Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco m'malo molipira kuti ndisinthe bokosi lonse lachitsulo?¶

Ayi, kusinthanitsa osweka mkati mwa gulu la FPE Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco kumakhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri azachipatala ndi ma inshuwaransi pazifukwa zitatu. Choyamba, mabasi achitsulo osasunthika mkati mwa ndunayo ndi theka la kulumikizana kolakwika: ndodo za Zinsco aluminiyamu zimathiridwa ndi okosijeni kuchokera ku micro-arcing, pomwe soketi za FPE Stab-Lok zimataya mphamvu, kutanthauza kuti chowotcha chatsopano chodulidwa pa basi yowonongeka chidzatenthabe. Chachiwiri, ophwanya m'malo mwa malonda amawononga $ 50 mpaka $ 120 iliyonse ndipo sangathe kupereka chitetezo chamakono cha Combination AFCI. Chachitatu, ma inshuwaransi omwe ali ndi katundu amawunika mtundu womwewo ndipo amakanabe kuperekedwa mpaka mpanda wonsewo utasinthidwa.

Zimawononga ndalama zingati kusintha gulu la Federal Pacific kapena Zinsco ndi bokosi lamakono la 200-amp breaker box?¶

Kusintha gulu lachikale la FPE Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco ndi malo amakono onyamula mabasi amkuwa nthawi zambiri kumawononga $1,800 mpaka $3,200 USD posunga ntchito yomwe ilipo ya 100-amp, kapena $2,800 mpaka $5,000 USD pokweza mast service, soketi ya mita, ma electrode 20I/GFC. Makampani ambiri a inshuwaransi eni eni eni eni nyumba amapereka ngongole zolipirira pambuyo pochotsa gulu lowopsa, ndipo obwereketsa nyumba nthawi zonse amafunikira m'malo asanatseke escrow.

Ndimabwereka nyumba kapena nyumba yomwe ili ndi Federal Pacific Stab-Lok kapena Zinsco breaker box. Kodi ndingatani ngati mwininyumba wanga akana kuyisintha?¶

Chifukwa National Electrical Code sichimayambiranso nyumba zomwe zilipo pokhapokha ngati zida zowonongeka kapena zalephera, mwininyumba sangokakamizidwa kuti asinthe gulu la FPE kapena Zinsco pokhapokha ngati lamulo la m'deralo likugwira ntchito kapena gulu likuwonetsa zolakwika zakuthupi (zopsereza zotentha, kusowa kwa mbale zodzaza, zipsera, phokoso, kapena zogwirira ntchito). Ngati muwona kutentha, fungo la nsomba, magetsi akuthwanima, kapena zophulika zolimba, dziwitsani mwininyumba wanu ndi kalata ndipo pemphani kuti aunikenidwe ndi katswiri wamagetsi yemwe ali ndi chilolezo kapena woyang'anira magetsi wa tauni; Pakadali pano, musagwiritse ntchito zotenthetsera mlengalenga za 1,500-watt, ikani ma alarm a utsi kunja kwa kabati, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zingwe zamagetsi zomwe zili ndi UL zokhala ndi zomangira 15-amp circuit breaker.

Chifukwa chiyani ma breakers anga a Zinsco amamva ngati spongy kapena omasuka ndikawakhudza, ndipo chifukwa chiyani sindiyenera kukokera imodzi kuchoka pa basi?¶

Zinsco ndi GTE-Sylvania breakers amadula panjanji za aluminiyamu ya basi pogwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zamkuwa zooneka ngati U zokhazikika mu chipolopolo cha pulasitiki. Pazaka makumi ambiri akupalasa njinga zotentha, aluminium busbar imatulutsa okosijeni ndikumangirira pa clip yamkuwa, ndikusungunula pulasitiki yozungulira ya thermoset mpaka chowotchacho chimangotengedwa ndi pulasitiki wokhala ndi mpweya komanso zitsulo zonyezimira za aluminiyamu. Ngati chophulitsa cha Zinsco chikumva ngati chaponji kapena chomasuka, kuyesa kuyimitsa pomwe chalimbikitsidwa kungapangitse kuti kavidiyo kowonongeka kafupikitse molunjika mpaka pagawo loyandikana nalo, ndikupanga kuphulika kwa 240-volt arc flash.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji ngati gulu langa la GTE-Sylvania breaker ndi kapangidwe kowopsa kwa Zinsco kapena kapangidwe kotetezeka pambuyo pake?¶

GTE-Sylvania itagula Zinsco mu 1973, idagwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro cha "Sylvania" pamapangidwe owopsa a Zinsco komanso mapanelo wamba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zakuda zakuda. Tsegulani chitseko chakunja ndi kuyang'ana zogwirira: ngati zosweka ndi yopapatiza (19 millimeters / 3/4 inchi lonse) ndi zowala pulasitiki olimba toggles (buluu 15A, wobiriwira 20A, wofiira 30A, pinki 50A), gulu wanu Sylvania ndi lodalirika Zinsco gulu ndipo amanyamula ndendende ndi kulephera meltrip-busbar-hazard.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Magetsi arcing, ma breaker, ndi kutentha kwambiri
• Moto wamagetsi, zoyaka, ndi fungo loyaka m'makoma
• Malo otentha kapena owoneka bwino pakhoma, zosinthira zomangika, ndi zoopsa zamawaya a aluminiyamu
• Kuzimitsa kwa zida: kutulutsa, kutseka kwa breaker, ndi kuponderezedwa kwa Class C
• Chikwatu cha manambala angozi

Magwero ndi malangizo ovomerezeka¶

• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Komisheni Yatseka Kufufuza kwa Federal Pacific Electric Co. Circuit Breakers ndi Kupereka Information Information Safety for Consumers (1983 Release) ndi CPSC Contract Testing of FPE Stab-Lok Molded Case Circuit Breakers (Wright Malta Corp. Laboratory Report)
• Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI): Mapanelo a Magetsi Otengera Cholowa, Madera Odzaza Nthambi, ndi Malangizo Oletsa Kuzimitsa Moto Pakhomo.
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) Nkhani 240 (Overcurrent Protection), 230.85 (Emergency Disconnects), ndi 110.26 (Spaces About Electrical Equipment).
• Ma laboratories a Underwriters (UL): UL 489: Standard for Safety for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case Switches ndi Circuit-breaker Enclosures (135% ndi 200% Calibration Trip Standards).
• Health Canada / CSA Group: Consumer Product Safety Recall and Advisory on Federal Pioneer NC-Series Stab-Lok Circuit Breakers and Residential Load Centers.