Tarayyar Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok da Panels na Lantarki na Zinsco: Rashin Gobarar Tafiya¶

Idan gidanku, ɗakin ku, ko ginin kasuwanci an gina ko sake gyarawa tsakanin 1950 zuwa 1990 kuma ya ƙunshi Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) Stab-Lok panel breaker panel ko Zinsco (kuma ana siyar da shi azaman GTE-Sylvania ko Kearney) panel breaker panel, tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki yana ɗauke da mummunan lahani, ɓoyayyiyar wuta. Ba kamar na'urorin da'ira na zamani na thermal-magnetic da'irori waɗanda ke dogaro da buɗewa a cikin millisecons na ɗan gajeren gajere mai haɗari ko ɗaukar nauyin waya, FPE Stab-Lok da Zinsco breakers akai-akai ** an rufe jam a cikin ciki yayin da madaidaicin filastik na waje yana tsayawa da ƙarfi a cikin ON**. Lokacin da na'urar ta yanke guntun igiya, injin sararin samaniya ya cika da'irar reshen ɗakin kwana, ko na'urar kwandishan ta kulle, magudanar da ke ba da damar ** 50 zuwa 200+ amps na kuskuren halin yanzu ** don ci gaba da zuba cikin siraran 14-AWG ko 12-AWG tagulla ko wayoyi na gidan aluminum waɗanda aka kimanta akan 15 ko 20 amps kawai. A cikin daƙiƙa, jan ƙarfe ko aluminium madugu a cikin bangon ku yayi zafi sama da digiri Celsius 600 (digiri 1,112 Fahrenheit) ***, yana narkewar rufin filastik, kunna bangon katako da rufin ɗaki, ko walda mai karya kai tsaye zuwa mashin bas ɗin da ke cikin gidan ƙarfe. Idan kun ji warin robobi mai kona ko warin kifin rotting a kusa da akwatin lantarki, ji ƙarar ko 60-Hz buzzing a bayan ƙofar rukunin ƙarfe, ko ganin hayaƙi yana murɗa daga kantunan bangon ku ko murfin panel, kira yankin ku. lambobin gaggawa nan da nan, duba mu lantarki panel arcing da overheating jagora, duba mu wutar lantarki da tartsatsi jagorar tsira, da kuma tuntubar mu Dumi kantunan bango da jagorar wayoyi reshen aluminum.

Saboda cunkoson FPE ko Zinsco breaker na iya kasancewa cikin welded zuwa mashigar bas ɗin da ke da kuzari ** ko da bayan kun juyar da hannun filastik ɗin sa zuwa KASHE ***, kar a ɗauka cewa da'irar ta mutu kawai ta hanyar kallon hannun. Sanin yadda ake gano waɗannan wuraren daɗaɗɗen gado na gado ba tare da cire murfin gaba ba, yanke wuta lafiya a cire haɗin mita na waje, da zubar da manyan kayan amperage har sai mai lasisin lantarki ya maye gurbin kwamitin na iya hana gobarar tsarin wuta.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. *Idan panel na lantarki yana daɗaɗawa, yin faɗuwa, shan taba, lemu mai haske, ko haskaka zafi ta ƙofar ƙarfe na waje: KAR ku taɓa ƙofar panel ko jujjuya duk wani abin fashewa a cikinsa. nan take hannunka yana girgiza majalisar ko kuma ya jujjuya gajeriyar mai karyawa a ƙarƙashin kaya. A kiyaye kowa aƙalla ** mita 3 (ƙafa 10)**, fitar da ginin nan da nan, kuma a kira **911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, ko 999 a cikin United Kingdom ***.
2. ** Cire duk na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi a cikin gidan nan da nan don sauke abubuwan da ke gudana ta cikin panel.** Kafin a taɓa kowane maɓalli a kan dumama ko wanda ake zargi FPE ko Zinsco panel, bi ta cikin ginin kuma kashe ko cirewa ** 1,500-watt na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, na'urorin kwantar da iska, na'urar bushewa, na'urar bushewa ta lantarki, cajin lantarki EV, na'urorin lantarki. Zubar da amperage a kan da'irar reshe yana dakatar da dumama.I squared R) a ƙetaren baratattun motocin bas kuma yana rage ƙarfin walƙiya.
3. Yanke wutar lantarki a Cire Haɗin Babban Mita na Waje (idan akwai) maimakon dogaro da sandar sandar FPE biyu "Split-Bus" ko babban mai karya Zinsco. Yi tafiya a waje zuwa ginin mitar kayan aikin lantarki. Idan akwai lefa mai hana yanayi ko akwatin babban mai karyewar waje wanda aka ɗora kusa da mitar gilashin, tsaya a gefe, duba nesa, sa'annan ka ja hannun cire haɗin waje zuwa ** KASHE *** da hannu ɗaya.
4. ** Fahimtar "Tarkon Hannun Matattu": kar a taɓa amincewa da FPE Stab-Lok ko Zinsco breaker wanda aka jujjuya zuwa KASHE.** Gwajin gwaje-gwaje ya tabbatar da cewa lokacin da mai fashewar sandar igiya guda biyu na Pacific Pacific ko na'urar bus ɗin bas na Zinsco ya kasa ƙarƙashin ɗan gajeren kewayawa, hanyar sadarwar cikin gida sau da yawa ** walda kanta ta rufe ko matsewa ta waje, ko da lokacin da filastik ke rike da shi har abada. OFF. Koyaushe kula da kowace waya a cikin ginin a matsayin mai rai 120V/240V har sai an tabbatar da ta mutu tare da ma'aunin wutar lantarki mara lamba da multimeter na dijital.
5. Kada ku taɓa fesa ruwa, jikakken sinadari, ko kumfa akan panel breaker taba. Yi amfani da Class C rated (Dry Chemical ABC or Carbon Dioxide \(\text{CO}_2\)) kashe wuta daga aƙalla ** mita 1.8 (ƙafa 6)** idan an ga ƙananan wuta a wajen majalisar kuma hanyar fita a bayyane take.
6. Kada ka cire murfin dunƙule "matattu-gaban" ƙarfe na ciki a kan Zinsco ko FPE panel da kanka. A kan ginshiƙan Zinsco, bas ɗin bus ɗin aluminum da narkar da shirye-shiryen bazara suna manne a bayan masu fasa; jawo farantin gaban karfen da ya mutu a gaba zai iya jujjuya mai karya-rabi mai narkewa a kan mashigin bas ɗin da ke kusa, yana haifar da gajeriyar da'ira mai ƙarfi 240-volt daga fuskarka.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: Bambance-bambance don FPE Stab-Lok da Zinsco / Sylvania bangarori¶

Yi amfani da wannan bishiyar yanke shawara don sanin ko halin da ake ciki yana buƙatar ƙaura daga sashen kashe gobara, kashe kayan aikin gaggawa, ko zubar da kayan lantarki na gaggawa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Wanda ake zargin Federal Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok ko Zinsco/Sylvania Panel"] --> SensoryCheck{"Shin akwai alamun faɗakarwa na azanci a yanzu?"}

    SensoryCheck -->|"A. Hayaƙi mai aiki, tartsatsin wuta, ƙarar buzzing/gurguwa, ƙonawa/ƙamshi na kifi, ko ƙofar bangon ƙarfe mai zafi"| EmergencyEvac["GAGGAWA WUTA: 1. Kar a taba kofa ko hannaye 2. Fitar da kowa a waje nan take 3. Kira 911/112/999 daga waje"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"B. Da'irar daya ta mutu, tana firgita, ko na'ura ta haska, KUMA mai karyawa bai yi tafiya ba"| JammedBreaker["LAIFIN TSINUWA-ZUWA-TAFI: Mai karyawa ya matse a rufe ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi ko gajere. 1. KADA KA taɓa igiyar kayan aiki kai tsaye 2. Duba waje kusa da mitan lantarki don cire haɗin kai na waje"]

    SensoryCheck -->|"C. Babu hayaki ko zafi a yanzu; kawai ka gano kana da FPE ko Zinsco panel"| ColdInspect["LABARI DA ARZIKI: Yi ganewar gani mara lamba ba tare da kwance allon gaban mataccen ƙarfe na ciki ba."]

    JammedBreaker --> ExtCheck{"Shin akwai wani babban na'ura na zamani na waje a waje da mitar kayan aiki?"}
    ExtCheck -->|"EE"| CutOutside["Tsaya a gefe, ka juya fuska, kuma ka karkatar da Babban Haɗin Kai zuwa KASHE da hannu ɗaya. Sa'an nan kuma cire gajeriyar kayan aiki kuma kira ma'aikacin lantarki mai lasisi."]
    ExtCheck -->|"A'a: FPE na cikin gida ne kawai ko kwamitin Zinsco ya wanzu"| CutInside["Kashe duk fitulun ɗaki na yau da kullun da na'urori masu lafiya da farko don sauke kaya. Saka busassun safofin hannu na fata & gilashin aminci, tsaya a gefen kofa mai matsewa, sannan ka kashe Main Breaker."]

    ColdInspect --> PanelType{"Wane alamar panel na gado kuke da shi?"}
    PanelType -->|"Rubutun 'Stab-Lok' / 'Federal Pacific' / 'Stab-Lok' rubutun"| FPEProtocol["FPE STAB-LOK PROTOCOL: 1. Ban duk 1,500W sararin dumama heaters & Multi-tap adaftan 2. Karka yi obalodi fiye da 50% iya aiki 3. Jadawalin cikakken 200A zamani canji panel jan karfe-bus panel."]
    PanelType -->|"Hannu masu launi masu haske (Blue, Green, Red, Pink) / 'Zinsco' / 'Sylvania'"| ZinscoProtocol["ZINSCO / SYLVANIA PROTOCOL: 1. Babban haɗarin ɓoyayyiyar walda mai karya-zuwa-busbar & narkewa 2. Kar a maimaita kunnawa da kashewa 3. Tsara cikakken maye gurbin panel nan da nan."]

Jagorar ganewa na gani: Yadda ake gano FPE Stab-Lok da bangarorin Zinsco a cikin daƙiƙa 30¶

Masu gida, masu haya, da masu son siye akai-akai suna yin watsi da fa'idodin lantarki masu haɗari saboda ƙofar majalisar ɗinkin ƙarfe mai launin toka mai launin toka tana kama da kama da akwatin ɓarke ​​na zamani. Kuna iya tantance iyalai biyu masu haɗari a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 30 Kawai ta hanyar lanƙwasa buɗe ƙofar shiga ta waje (kada ku taɓa kwance farantin ƙarfe na ciki wanda ke rufe wayoyi).

1. Yadda za a gane wani panel na "Stab-Lok" Federal Pacific Electric (FPE).¶

Federal Pacific Electric ya ƙera kuma ya shigar da miliyoyin wuraren ** Stab-Lok *** wuraren ɗaukar nauyi a duk faɗin Amurka, Kanada (ana siyarwa a ƙarƙashin Federal Pioneer), da sassan Caribbean da Latin Amurka tsakanin 1950 da tsakiyar 1980s. Nemo waɗannan alamomin gani mara kuskure:

• ** Alamomin suna ***: Dubi kofa mai juyawa ko alamar kewayawa don "Federal Pacific", "FPE", "Stab-Lok", "Federal Electric", ko "Federal Noork".
• ** Sa hannu Ja-orange Breaker Stripes *: Ingantattun FPE Stab-Lok breakers suna da ** fentin fentin ja ko lemu mai haske a ƙarshen kowane sauya baƙar fata, tare da amperage (15, 20, 30, 50) wanda aka buga da fari a cikin jan rectangle.
• ** Hannun Cibiyar-ON da Wafer Breakers ***: A cikin bangarorin FPE guda biyu, turawa ON yana motsa hannaye ** zuwa tsakiyar kabu ***, galibi yana haɗuwa ** bakin ciki 12.7-millimita (½-inch) wafer breakers ** tare da ** daidaitattun 25.4-millimita (1-inch).
• ** "Dokar Rarraba-Bas-Shida" Babban Sashe : Yawancin 1950s zuwa 1970s FPE panels ba su da Main Main Breaker guda ɗaya. Madadin haka, rabi na sama yana da ** har zuwa shida masu fa'ida 2-pole breakers ** (na Range, Dryer, A/C, Ruwa mai zafi, da 60-amp ** “MAIN HASKE” yana ciyar da ƙananan 15A/20A breakers). Don rufe gidan, dole ne ku juya ** duk manyan masu fasa sandar sandar sanda guda shida na sama*; idan wani ya taso a ciki, da'irar tana rayuwa har sai mai amfani ya ja mitar waje.

2. Yadda ake gane Zinsco, GTE-Sylvania, ko Kearney panel¶

Kamfanin Zinsmeyer na Los Angeles ya haɓaka kuma an shigar da shi a ƙarshen 1970s, GTE-Sylvania ya sayi ƙirar Zinsco a cikin 1973 kuma an sayar da su a ƙarƙashin sunayen Zinsco, Sylvania, da ** Kearney.

• ** Alamomin suna ***: Nemo "ZINSCO", "Zinsco-Sylvan", "Sylvania", "GTE-Sylvania", ko "Kearney" akan kofa ko lakabin. (Fallolin Sylvania kawai tare da faifan bidiyo-kan Zinsco breakers ne ke ɗauke da haɗarin bas ɗin Zinsco.)
• ** Hannun Masu Fasa Mai Launi-Candy ***: Zinsco da Sylvania-Zinsco panels suna amfani da ** ƙwaƙƙwaran robobi masu launi mai haske ** mai launi ta amperage:
• 15-Amp: Blue rike
• ** 20-Amp ***: ** Green *** ko ** Farar ** rike
• 30-Amp: Ja rike
• 40-Amp: ** Orange** ko ** Green** rike
• ** 50-Amp ***: ** ruwan hoda ***, ** Magenta ***, ko ** rawaya *** rike
• ** Doguwa, Tsantsan Tsarin Ramin Tsaye ***: Masu fasa Zinsco tsayi da kunkuntar (19 millimeters / 3/4 inch fadi), sau da yawa a tsaye a tsaye inda masu jujjuyawa suke juyawa ** sama da ƙasa ** maimakon hagu da dama.

Kwatanta gazawar injiniya: Masu fasa UL 489 na zamani vs. FPE Stab-Lok vs. Zinsco¶

Yi amfani da wannan tebur kwatankwacin injiniya don fahimtar dalilin da ya sa masu duba gida, masu kashe gobara, da masu ba da inshorar kadarori ke kula da bangarorin FPE Stab-Lok da Zinsco a matsayin haɗarin gobarar da ba za a iya inshora ba maimakon "tsofaffin kayan aiki."

Me yasa FPE Stab-Lok da masu fasa Zinsco ke haifar da gobarar gida ta ɓoye¶

Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa waɗannan bangarorin ke kunna gobarar mazauni ba tare da faɗakarwa ba, bincika mahallin mahalli da haɗin bas.

1. The Federal Pacific (FPE) Mechanical Latch Jamming Flaw¶

A cikin na'urar da'ira ta zamani, ana riƙe latch ɗin injin mai haifar da gashi a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali na bazara. A karkashin overcurrent, wani ** bimetallic tsiri *** lanƙwasa daga zafi (hankali obalodi) ko wani ** lantarki solenoid ** snaps bude (gajeren mutuwa kwatsam), yana sakin latch don haka bazara ta watsar da lambobin sadarwa.

A cikin tsarin Federal Pacific Stab-Lok zane: 1. ** Cire burrs da gogayya a cikin latch rotary ***: FPE ta yi amfani da sassa na ƙarfe mai hatimi a cikin harsashin Bakelite da aka ƙera wanda ke ɗaure da kama a tsaye ƙarƙashin ƙarfin injina. 2. **Madaidaicin sandar igiya biyu daure ***: Na'urar 240-volt (na'urar bushewa, kwandishan, murhu, ko hita allo) yana amfani da ** mai karya sandar igiya biyu . Idan kuskure ya faru akan ** ɗaya kawai daga cikin wayoyi 120-volt guda biyu (sama da kashi 80 cikin ɗari na laifuffuka na ainihi), gefe ɗaya ne kawai ke ƙoƙarin yin tafiya. Saboda abin daurin hannun waje yana riƙe dayan gefen da ƙarfi a wurin, sandar haɗin haɗin gwiwa ta ciki ** zakara gefe ku tana ƙuƙuwa ***. 3. **Samakon**: Da zaraan ɗaura aure, ** ko ɗaya gefen mai fasa igiya biyu ba zai iya yin tafiya **, koda a **200 zuw500 amps** akan waya 20-amp ko 30-amp. Wayar da ke cikin bangon ktana jujjuya zuwa wani abu mai zafi mai zafi, yana kunna wuta a bayan bangon bushes yayin da mai fasa FPE ya tsaya. ON. 4. ** Socket Busbar Arcing ***: Mashin bus ɗin FPE yana da ** ramukan da aka buga tare da ramukan gefuna *, kuma mai karya yana da ** ruwan bazara da aka soka a cikin rami. Idan an ci karo ko ja, soket ɗin yana kwance, yana haifar da babban juriya a cikin mashigar motar.

2. Zinsco / GTE-Sylvania Aluminum Busbar Liquefaction Failure¶

Yayin da aibi na FPE ke damun injina, ** Laifin farko na Zinsco shine lalata ƙarfe a haɗin bas *, haɗe tare da walƙiya ta ciki: 1. ** Raw Extruded Aluminum Busbars : Zinsco ya kafa sandunan bas ɗin sa daga ** sandunan aluminium / dogo *** akan tsayayyen filastik. Aluminum a cikin iska yana samar da wani Layer na ** aluminum oxide (\(\ rubutu {Al}_2\rubutu{O}_3\)), yumbun insulator. 2. Rarraunan shirye-shiryen bazara na Copper ***: Bayan mai fashewar Zinsco yana amfani da shirye-shiryen bazara masu siffa U-dimbin jan ƙarfe waɗanda ke matse layin dogo na aluminum. Saboda jan ƙarfe da aluminium su da ƙimar faɗaɗa yanayin zafi daban-daban ( lalata galvanic + rashin daidaituwar yanayin zafi ), ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi yana faɗaɗa, sassautawa, da sanya oxides shirin. 3. ** Runaway Busbar Arcing da Melting ***: Haɓakar juriyar lamba ya haifar da dumama Joule mai juriya (I squared R). Aluminum yana narkewa a ** 660 digiri Celsius (digiri 1,220 Fahrenheit). Sake-saken faifan bidiyo yana ci gaba da ci gaba da fuskantar sandar aluminium, ** narkar da ramuka daga cikin bus ɗin *** da kuma haɗa jikin mai fashewa. 4. ** Me yasa Zinsco Breaker Narke Ba Zai Iya Tafiya ba ***: Matsananciyar zafi yana gudana cikin shari'ar mai karyawar Zinsco, yana narkewa mai ɗaukar ciki da walda lambobin sadarwa. Idan kayi ƙoƙarin juya hannun mai launi zuwa OFF, jujjuyawar filastik tana kashewa ko motsawa cikin yardar kaina yayin da kewaye ke zaune.

Ƙa'idar gaggawa ta mataki-mataki: Abin da za a yi idan FPE ko Zinsco panel yana wari, buzzes, ko kasa tafiya¶

Bi wannan madaidaicin jeri yayin matsalar wutar lantarki a kan Federal Pacific ko Zinsco panel don hana wutan lantarki, walƙiya mai ƙonewa, da ɓoyayyen gobarar bango.

Mataki na 1: Gwaji na Gaggawa (Daƙiƙa 60 na Farko)¶

1. Kima daga Nisan Mita 1.5 (Kafa 5) Yin Amfani da Gani, Sauti, da Kamshi:
2. ** Kamshi *: Kuna wari ** ruɓaɓɓen kifin da ya mutu, ammonia, fitsari, ko robobin Bakelite mai ƙonewa? (Zazzaɓi mai zafi mai zafi na phenolic resin yana sakin methylamines masu canzawa waɗanda ke wari kamar matattun kifi na ruwa.)
3. ** Sauti ***: Kuna jin ** fashewa, sizzle-soya naman alade, snapping, ko ƙarar 60-Hz / 50-Hz hum *** a bayan murfin?
4. Gani: Shin kuna ganin ** wisps hayaƙi, baƙar fata a kusa da kabu, narke mai launi, ko tartsatsin lemu**?
5. **Idan wani daga cikin waɗannan alamomin yana nan a kwamitin ***:
6. KADA KA taɓa panel. Kar a buɗe kofa ko jujjuya babban abin da ke cikin akwatin.
7. Fitar da kowane mutum da dabba a waje nan da nan.
8. Kira 911 (US/Kanada), 112 (EU), ko 999 (Birtaniya) daga waje kuma nemi duka kayan wuta da cire haɗin wutar lantarki na gaggawa.

Mataki na 2: Amintaccen Rufe Wutar Lantarki Lokacin da Kayan Aiki ko Wutar Lantarki ya Fita (Mai karyawa ya kasa yin tafiya)¶

Idan igiyar kayan aiki ta haska, abin sha yana shan hayaki, ko madaidaicin haske yana sizzles yayin da duk abin FPE ko Zinsco breaker yana tsayawa a ON Matsayi ***:

1. Kada ku kama filogi ko igiyar kayan shan taba da hannun ku mara tushe:
2. Saboda mai karyawar ya gaza yin tafiya, igiyar tana ɗaukar halin yanzu kuma tana da zafi sosai. Rage gajeriyar filogi daga cikin tashar kai tsaye na iya jan walƙiya ** 2,000-digiri-Celsius arc** a kan hannunka ko barin rayayyun rayayye a cikin bango.
3. **Duba Waje a Farko Mitar Lantarki ***:
4. Yawancin gidaje na 1960s da 1970 suna da ** babban mai karyawa na waje kusa da mitar mai amfani **, suna sanya akwatin FPE na cikin gida ko akwatin Zinsco ya zama ** karamin kwamiti ***.
5. Idan babban mai tsinkewa na waje yana waje, juya shi zuwa ** KASHE *** da farko don kashe wutar lantarki a cikin gida lafiya.
6. ** Idan Dole ne ku Kashe Mai karyawa A cikin FPE ko Zinsco Panel (Lokacin da Kwamitin Ba Ya Shan Sigari)**:
7. Saka ** busassun safar hannu na fata, gilashin aminci, da takalmi mai ɗumbin roba*, kuma kada a tsaya kan jikakken siminti ko taɓa bututun ƙarfe.
8. ** Tsaya a gefen hinge na panel *, kau da fuskarka, kuma amfani da ** hannu ɗaya kawai ** don jujjuya mai fasa reshe DA Main Breaker (ko duk manyan masu karya sandar sandar sanda guda shida a cikin FPE Split-Bus FPE panel) zuwa ** KASHE.
9. ** Tabbatar da Da'irar Ta Mutu ("Tarkon Hannun Matattu")**:
10. Bayan jujjuya hannun FPE ko Zinsco zuwa OFF, duba fitulun ɗaki ko ka riƙe ** Gwajin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki mara Lamba (NCVT)** kusa da igiyar.
11. **Idan fitulu suka tsaya ON ko mai gwajin wutar lantarki ya yi ƙara tare da kashewa ***: An rufe mai karya walda a ciki. Kashe Main Breaker ko kuma kira mai amfani da wutar lantarki don ja mitar gilashin waje.

Mataki na 3: Binciken Ragon bangon zafin jiki Bayan Rashin Tafiya¶

Lokacin da FPE ko Zinsco breaker ya bar juzu'i ko gajeriyar kewayawa ta ci gaba kafin rufewar hannu, kebul na reshe na **Romex / NM-B) a cikin bangon ku *** yana fuskantar matsanancin zafin zafi: 1. Ji busasshen bangon da ke kan hanyar da ke tsakanin madaidaicin fitarwa da panel breaker tare da bayan hannunka. 2. Idan duk wani busasshen bango ya ji dumi, idan kuna jin warin hayaƙin itace ko filastik kona a cikin ɗaki ko ginshiƙan ƙasa, ko kuma idan na'urar ta canza launin, kira sashen kashe gobara nan da nan don duba bangon tare da kyamarar hoto ta thermal **.

Dokokin rayuwa na wucin gadi yayin jiran ma'aikacin lantarki ya maye gurbin FPE ko Zinsco panel¶

Maye gurbin babban kwamiti yawanci yana kashe $2,000 zuwa $4,500 USD kuma yana buƙatar tsara jadawalin ma'aikacin lantarki mai lasisi, izinin ƙaramar hukuma, da cire haɗin kayan aiki. Yayin jiran maye gurbin, aiwatar da waɗannan dokokin gida:

1. **Zero Wuraren Wuta Mai Rayuwa ***:
2. Wutar sararin samaniya mai nauyin watt 1,500 yana zana ** 12.5 amps ci gaba. A kan da'irar 15-amp tare da fitilu da na'urorin lantarki, zane ya kai ** 16 zuwa 22 amps (110% zuwa 145% na rating) **, ainihin yanki mai matsakaicin nauyi inda FPE da Zinsco breakers suna da ** mafi girman gazawar-zuwa-tafiya. Cire duk masu dumama wutar lantarki mai ɗaukar hoto nan da nan.
3. Kada Ka Taɓa Guda Na'urori Masu Zane Mai Girma Biyu akan Sawafi ɗaya lokaci ɗaya:
4. Kada a taɓa kunna microwave, tanda, murhun wuta, fryer, da kettle Electric lokaci ɗaya akan da'irar kicin ɗaya, ko na'urar busar gashi ** yayin da kwandishan taga yana gudana a cikin ɗakin kwana.
5. Kada kuyi Motsa Tsohuwar Zinsco ko FPE masu karya Komawa da Gaba:
6. Kada a taɓa kashe tsoffin masu fasa Zinsco ko FPE da ON kawai don gwada su. A kan faifan Zinsco, zamewar faifan jan karfe a kan mashin bus ɗin alumini mai oxidized na iya karya facin lambar sadarwa kuma ya jawo harbi lokacin da kaya ya kunna baya.
7. Yi amfani da Ƙararrawar Hayaƙi da Wuraren Wutar Lantarki na Filogi akan Matsalolin Haɗari Mai Girma:
8. Shigar ** ƙararrawar hayaƙi na hoto ** a cikin kowane ɗakin kwana da ** kai tsaye a wajen ɗakin ɗakin amfani da rukunin FPE / Zinsco ***.
9. Toshe manyan na'urorin lantarki a cikin jerin wutar lantarki mai suna ** UL sanye take da 15-amp mai sake saita wutar lantarki mai daidaitawa ** don haka gajeriyar igiya ta yi tafiya a cikin gida a wurin fita maimakon gwada rukunin ginin.
10. ** Guji Sauyawa Mai Tsadawa Bayan Kasuwa FPE da Zinsco Breakers ***:
11. Canja masu karya kasuwa ɗaya ko biyu ($ 50 zuwa $ 120 kowanne) a cikin tsohuwar FPE ko majalisar ministocin Zinsco ** baya sanya kwamitin amintattu *** saboda ** madaidaicin kwamiti na busbar ** ya kasance a kwance kuma sako-sako. Ajiye waccan kuɗin zuwa sabon **200-amp tagulla-bus cibiyar ɗaukar nauyi ** tare da Haɗin AFCI/GFCI breakers.

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Wutar rarraba wutar lantarki, ƙa'idodin rukunin mabukaci, da hanyoyin cire haɗin aikin gaggawa sun bambanta ta ƙasa da yanki. Bi ƙa'idar hukuma don wurin ku:

• Amurka da Kanada:
• Gobarar Gaggawa & Ceto: Kira 911. Faɗa wa ma'aikacin cewa kuna da ƙoshin wuta mai zafi ko arcing (Federal Pacific Stab-Lok ko Zinsco / Sylvania a Amurka; Federal Pioneer Stab-Lok a Kanada) da kuma buƙatar duka na'urorin kashe gobara da ** mai aiki da wutar lantarki na gaggawa** don cire mita.
• **Rahoton Haɗarin Mabukaci ***: Rahoton FPE, Zinsco, ko gazawar Majagaba na Tarayya da gobarar wutar lantarki ga *U.S. Hukumar Kare Kayayyakin Mabukaci (CPSC) a SaferProducts.gov (1-800-638-2772) ko ** Tsaron Samfuran Masu Amfani da Lafiyar Kanada ** (1-866-662-0666).
• ** Matsayin Lantarki na Lantarki ***: Dole ne maye gurbin ya bi NFPA 70 (Lambar Lantarki ta Kasa / NEC) a cikin Amurka ko CSA C22.1 (Lambar Lantarki ta Kanada / CEC) a cikin Kanada, gami da ƙa'idodin tsabtace aiki na zamani (91 cm / 36 in zurfafa ta 76 cm / 30 in fadi) da cire haɗin gaggawa na waje (NEC 230.85).
• ** United Kingdom:
• ** Wuta ta Gaggawa & Ceto ***: Kira 999 (ko 112).
• **Matsalar Wutar Lantarki ta Gaggawa / Batun Fuskar Sabis *: Kira 105 (lambar gaggawar Yanke Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasa da Rarraba Cibiyar Sadarwar Sadarwa ta Burtaniya kyauta) idan mai shigowa ** DNO yanke fis ko babban naúrar mabukaci yana yin zafi ko harbi.
• ** Legacy UK Panel Equivalents *: A cikin Burtaniya, babban rukunin mabukaci na gada ya yi daidai da FPE/Zinsco sune ** pre-1960s Wylex akwatunan fis ɗin katako mai goyan bayan katako (BS 3036), ** filastik mara gyara-3 raka'a mabukaci *** wanda aka ɗora ƙarƙashin matakan katako na 6 zuwa 1 ** 1 buƙatun don shingen ƙarfe mara ƙonewa), da ** tuna Electrium / Crabtree / Volex / Wylex NSB MCBs da RCBOs (tun 2009 zuwa 2010)**.
• ** Tarayyar Turai ***:
• **Gobarar Gaggawa & Ceto ***: Kira 112 a duk ƙasashe membobin EU.
• *Ka'idodin Kariya : Gidajen zama na Turai sun dogara da DIN-dogo ** Ƙananan Matsalolin kewayawa (MCBs zuwa IEC 60898-1) ** an haɗa su tare da ** 30 mA Residual Current Devices (RCDs / FI-Schutzschalter zuwa IEC 61008). Tsofaffin kayan aikin Turai bayan yakin basasa 30 mA RCD ko amfani da dunƙule gadon gado ** Diazed / Neozed yumbu fuses da aka daure tare da manyan gadoji suna gabatar da mummunar gazawar-zuwa balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguro da bala'in wutar lantarki ya yi da balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguro na balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron bala'in balaguron balaguron bala'in balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguro da balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguwar balaguron balaguwar balaguron bala'i
• ** Ostiraliya da New Zealand ***:
• ** Wuta & Ceto na Gaggawa ***: Kira 000 a Ostiraliya ko 111 a New Zealand.
• ** Legacy Panel Kwatankwacin : Tsofaffin Ostiraliya da New Zealand switchboards masu ɗauke da ** fis ɗin da za a iya sake gyarawa *** ko ** asbestos mai goyan bayan Zelemite panel switchboard ** ba tare da na zamani ** 30 mA Safety Switches (RCDs) ƙarƙashin ** AS/NZS 3000 (Dokokin haɗarin lantarki)** Kada a taɓa jan fis ɗin fis akan allon maɓalli mai zafi ba tare da keɓance babban maɓalli na kayan aiki ba.
• **Indiya da Asiya-Pacific:
• Lambobin Gaggawa: Kira 112 (ko 101 don Wuta) a Indiya; 119 a Japan da Koriya ta Kudu; 995 in Singapore.
• ** Hatsarin Rubutun Legacy : Ku kula sosai don waɗanda ba a tabbatar da su ba ko na jabun ƙananan keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓun (MCBs) waɗanda ba su da alamun ** BIS / ISI na gaske (IS/IEC 60898) a Indiya ko ** Alamar PSE* a cikin Japan, haka kuma an ƙetare ** Kit-Kat ain da aka sake gyarawa tare da yankan wayoyi masu kauri tare da yankan wayoyi masu kauri. fuse waya, wanda gaba daya yana hana faɗuwa fiye da kima yayin hawan wutar lantarki da rumbun kwandishan.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me yasa Gwamnatin Amurka ba ta taɓa tunawa da Tarayyar Pacific (FPE) Stab-Lok a hukumance ba idan masu fasa bututun sun kasa yin tafiya akai-akai?¶

A farkon 1980s, Hukumar Tsaron Samfuran Masu Amfani da Amurka (CPSC) ta binciki masu fashin wuta na Federal Pacific Electric Stab-Lok bayan Reliance Electric ya sayi FPE kuma ya gano FPE ya yi amfani da da'irorin gwaji na yaudara don samun alamun takaddun shaida na UL duk da yawan gazawar. A shekara ta 1983, CPSC ta rufe bincikenta ba tare da tunawa ba kawai saboda rashin kasafin kudin tarayya da ake bukata don yin shari'a a kan masana'anta, yana gargadin cewa rufe shari'ar ba ya nufin masu karya suna da lafiya. A cikin 2002, Kotun Koli ta New Jersey ta yanke hukunci a cikin ƙarar matakin aji (Chestnut v. Federal Pacific Electric Co.) cewa FPE ta aikata zamba ta mabukaci ta hanyar yaudarar gwaje-gwajen UL na shekaru da yawa.

Shin zan iya maye gurbin tsoffin masu fasa a cikin FPE Stab-Lok ko Zinsco panel maimakon biya don maye gurbin duka akwatin ƙarfe?¶

A'a, musanya masu fasa kwastomomi guda ɗaya a cikin FPE Stab-Lok ko kwamitin Zinsco yana da ƙarfi sosai daga injiniyoyi da masu inshora don dalilai uku. Na farko, sandunan bus ɗin ƙarfe na tsaye a cikin majalisar ministocin su ne rabin haɗin haɗin da ba daidai ba: Sandunan busbar na aluminium na Zinsco suna rami kuma suna da ƙarfi daga micro-arcing, yayin da FPE Stab-Lok sockets na bazara ya rasa tashin hankali, ma'ana sabon mai tsinke a kan mashin bas ɗin da ya lalace zai ci gaba da yin zafi. Na biyu, masu watsewar kasuwannin bayan kasuwa sun kai $50 zuwa $120 kowanne kuma ba za su iya samar da kariyar Haɗin AFCI na zamani ba. Na uku, masu inshorar kadara suna duba alamar kwamitin da kanta kuma har yanzu za su ƙi ɗaukar hoto har sai an maye gurbin duka.

Nawa ne kudin maye gurbin kwamitin Fasifik na Tarayya ko Zinsco tare da akwati na zamani na 200-amp?¶

Maye gurbin tsohuwar FPE Stab-Lok ko babban kwamitin Zinsco tare da cibiyar lodin tagulla-bas na zamani yawanci farashin $1,800 zuwa $3,200 USD lokacin kiyaye sabis na 100-amp da ake da shi, ko $2,800 zuwa $5,000 USD lokacin haɓaka mast ɗin sabis, soket na mita, ampoules na lantarki, da panels tare da 200 AF. Yawancin kamfanonin inshora na masu gida suna ba da ƙididdiga na ƙididdiga na manufofin bayan cire kwamiti mai haɗari, kuma masu ba da lamuni na jinginar gida suna buƙatar maye gurbinsu akai-akai kafin rufe escrow.

Ina hayan wani gida ko gida wanda ke da akwatin fasinja na Tarayyar Pacific Stab-Lok ko Zinsco. Menene zan iya yi idan mai gidana ya ƙi maye gurbinsa?¶

Saboda Lambar Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasa ba ta dawwama ga gine-ginen da ke akwai sai dai in kayan aiki sun lalace ko sun gaza, ba za a tilasta mai gida ya maye gurbin FPE ko Zinsco ba ta atomatik sai dai idan dokar gida ta shafi ko kwamitin ya nuna lahani na jiki (masu ɗumi, ɓangarorin filler, alamomin wuta, buzzing, ko cunkoson hannu). Idan ka lura da zafi, warin kifi, fitillu masu ƙyalli, ko ƙwanƙwasawa, sanar da mai gidanka a rubuce kuma ka nemi ma'aikacin lantarki mai lasisi ko mai duba lantarki na birni ya duba shi; A halin da ake ciki, kada ka yi amfani da dumama 1,500-watt sarari, sanya hayaki ƙararrawa a wajen panel kabad, da kuma amfani da UL-jera wutar lantarki tube tare da ginannen 15-amp circuit breakers.

Me yasa masu fashewa na Zinsco ke jin sponsco ko sako-sako lokacin da na taɓa su, kuma me yasa bazan taɓa cire ɗaya daga mashin ba?¶

Zinsco da GTE-Sylvania breakers clip on aluminum busbar dogos ta amfani da U-dimbin jan karfe spring jaws recessed a cikin filastik harsashi. A cikin shekarun da suka wuce na hawan keke na zafi, busbar aluminum yana yin oxidizes da arcs a kan faifan jan karfe, yana narkewar robobin thermoset ɗin da ke kewaye har sai an riƙe mai karyar kawai ta filastik carbonized da waldadden aluminum slag. Idan mai fashewar Zinsco ya ji spongy ko sako-sako, yunƙurin kashe shi yayin da aka ƙarfafa shi zai iya haifar da lalataccen shirin zuwa gajeriyar kai tsaye zuwa mashigar bas ɗin da ke kusa, yana haifar da fashewar filasha 240-volt.

Ta yaya zan iya sanin ko GTE-Sylvania breaker panel ɗin ƙirar Zinsco ce mai haɗari ko ƙira mai aminci daga baya?¶

Lokacin da GTE-Sylvania ta sayi Zinsco a cikin 1973, sun yi amfani da alamar "Sylvania" zuwa duka nau'ikan zane-zanen Zinsco mai haɗari da kuma daga baya na al'ada na bolt-in ko soke-in da ke amfani da daidaitattun masu fasa baƙar fata. Bude kofa na waje kuma duba iyawa: idan masu karya sun kasance kunkuntar (19 millimeters / 3/4 inch wide) tare da ƙwanƙwasa filastik masu launin launi (blue 15A, koren 20A, ja 30A, ruwan hoda 50A), kwamitin ku na Sylvania shine ingantaccen Zinsco panel kuma yana ɗaukar daidaitattun busbard.trip.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Dabarar wutar lantarki, buzzing breakers, da overheating
• Wutar lantarki, tartsatsi, da ƙamshi mai ƙonawa a cikin bango
• Wuraren bango mai zafi ko maras kyau, masu sauyawa, da haɗarin wayoyi na aluminum
• Wuta na kayan aiki: cire kayan aiki, rufewa, da kuma danne Class C
• Jagorar lambobin gaggawa

Tushen da jagorar hukuma¶

• United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC): Commission Closes Investigation of Federal Pacific Electric Co. Circuit Breakers and Provides Safety Information for Consumers (1983 Release) and CPSC Contract Testing of FPE Stab-Lok Molded Case Circuit Breakers (Wright Malta Corp. Laboratory Report).
• ** Gidauniyar Tsaro ta Wutar Lantarki ta Duniya (ESFI):** Lantarki na Lantarki na Gada, Matsalolin Reshe da Mace Mace, da Ka'idojin rigakafin Wuta na Gida.
• ** Ƙungiyar Kariyar Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA): *** * NFPA 70: Lambar Lantarki ta Kasa (NEC) Mahimmanci 240 (Kariya ta Ƙarfafa), 230.85 (Cire Haɗin Gaggawa), da 110.26 (Spaces Game da Kayan Wutar Lantarki)*.
• ** Laboratories Underwriters (UL): *** * UL 489: Ma'auni don Amincewa don Matsala-Case Breakers, Canja-canja-Case da Rukunin-Sake-Sakewa (135% da 200% Ka'idodin Tafiya na Calibration)*.
• Rukunin Lafiya Kanada/CSA: Tunawar Tsaron Samfur da Shawarwari akan Majagaba na Tarayya NC-Series Stab-Lok Breakers and Residential Load Centers.