Buɗe Utility Neutral ('Lost Neutral') Gaggawa: Me Yasa Rabin Fitilolinku Suke Juya Mafi Kyawu Kafin Na'urori su Kama Wuta¶

Idan kunna na'ura mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi 120-volt kamar ** microwave, toaster, na'urar bushewa, injin sarari, ko injin tsabtace ruwa** ba zato ba tsammani yana haifar da fitilu a cikin ɗakin don ** dusashewa zuwa haske mai duhun orange ** yayin da fitilu a wani yanki na gidan ku ** lokaci guda yana haskakawa a makance mai haske. Neutral)** gaggawa. A Arewacin Amurka ** 120/240-volt tsaga-lokaci ** tsarin lantarki (da tsarin uku ** 230/400-volt ** a duk duniya), jagorar tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki ita ce cibiyar magana wacce ke kiyaye kowane daidaitaccen kanti a kulle amintacce a ** 120 volts *** (ko ** 230 volts** a Turai, Burtaniya, Australia, da Asiya). Lokacin da kebul ɗin tallafi na tsaka tsaki na aluminum akan sabis ɗin kayan aikin ku na sama ya faɗo cikin iska, ya lalace a cikin soket ɗin mita na waje, ko kuma ya ƙone a kan babban bus ɗin tsakar ku na tsaka-tsaki, biyu akasin ƙafafu 120-volt na gidan ku ba zato ba tsammani ** an haɗa su cikin jerin a cikin 240 volts ***. A cikin daƙiƙa, gefen gidan ku mai nauyi ya faɗi zuwa ** 30 zuwa 70 volts *** (firiji da injin kwampreso na AC) yayin da ɗorawa mai nauyi ya hau zuwa ** 170 zuwa 215 volts **, fashewar masu karewa, narkar da wutar lantarki, da kunna kwamfutoci, talabijin, da na'urori masu wayo. Mafi muni, duk sauran gidan da ba shi da daidaituwa a halin yanzu yana ƙoƙarin komawa zuwa injin mai amfani ta hanyar ** bututun ruwan jan karfe, layin gas, da bututun bututun waje ***, yana ƙarfafa fam ɗin ku tare da wutar lantarki mai mutuwa. Idan kun ga fitillu masu haske da duhu a lokaci guda ko ƙamshin wutar lantarki, kira layin gaggawa na kayan aikin lantarki da na gida lambobin gaggawa nan da nan, duba mu lantarki panel arcing da overheating jagora, duba mu wutar lantarki da tartsatsi jagorar tsira, da kuma tuntubar mu sandar ƙasa mai kuzari da jagorar bututun shawa.

Saboda tsaka tsaki mai buɗewa kuskuren jerin rarraba wutar lantarki ne maimakon gajeriyar da'ira mai wuce gona da iri *, daidaitattun 15-amp da 20-amp masu fashewa ** ba za su yi tafiya ta atomatik ba yayin da 200 volts ke zubowa cikin na'urorin lantarki na 120-volt. Da hannu kawai jujjuya ** Babban Mai karyawa zuwa KASHE *** yana dakatar da lalacewa a cikin gidan ku.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. ** Nan da nan kashe Main Circuit Breaker (Nan da nan)100A / 200A Main Disconnect) a wutar lantarki, kawai idan panel ɗin baya shan taba, buzzing, ko zafi, kuma KAR KA taɓa kowane bututun ruwa na ƙarfe ko layin gas yayin yin haka.L1 kuma L2) lokaci guda, tsayar da 200-volt overvoltage surges daga ƙonewa na'urorin ku da kuma dakatar da rashin daidaituwa gidan halin yanzu daga gudana a kan bututun ruwa na jan karfe.
2. **Idan ka ga waya ta karye ko ta rataye a waje tsakanin sandal din titi da mast din rufin ka, ka tsaya akalla mita 10 (taku 33) nesa ba kusa ba kuma ka kiyaye kowa daga jikakken ciyawa da nisantar famfo na waje. yana kan.
3. KADA KA taɓa bututun ruwa na jan ƙarfe, spigots na lambun waje, magudanar ƙarfe, masu raba kebul na TV na coaxial, ko layukan lanƙwasa iskar gas yayin buɗe tsaka tsaki. Lokacin da wayar tsaka tsaki mai amfani ta karye, gidanka Grounding Electrode Conductor yana tura duk lokacin dawo da rashin daidaituwa na halin yanzu zuwa cikin ** ƙarƙashin ƙasa na sabis na ruwa na jan karfe, bututun ruwa na ƙasa, sandar ƙasa. Cire haɗin matsi na ƙasa akan bututun ruwa ko buɗe haɗin haɗin TV na coaxial na tagulla ko mitar ruwa tare da hannaye tsirara yana sanya ** cikakken nauyin 120-volt na yanzu kai tsaye a cikin zuciyar ku ***.
4. ** Idan mai kariyar wutar lantarki ta tashi (MOV strips) suna shan taba, popping, ko wari kamar kona filastik a bayan furniture, cire su kawai bayan Main Breaker ya kashe. Ƙarƙashin tsaka tsaki da aka ɓace, arha wutar lantarki suna shiga cikin ** thermal runaway **, narke gidajensu na filastik, kuma suna kunna kafet da labule a cikin daƙiƙa 60 zuwa 180.
5. **Kira lambar Hatsarin Gaggawa na Sa'o'i 24 nan take kuma a ba da rahoton abin da ake zargin "Buɗewar Sabis Tsakanin Wutar Lantarki / Bright-and-Dim Voltage Fluctuation."same priority as a downed wire) kuma za ta aika da motar bokitin mai tayar da hankali kyauta don gwada ɗigon sabis na sama, raƙuman yanayin yanayi, da muƙamuƙi na mita a ƙarƙashin kaya.
6. **Duba duk caja bango 120V, allon kula da tanderu, microwave oven, da compressors na firiji don ƙone kamshi kafin kunna wutar lantarki.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: Gano rashin tsaka-tsaki da aka rasa¶

Yi amfani da wannan taswirar bincike don bambance mai haɗari nan da nan ** Buɗe tsaka-tsaki ** daga tsomawar wutar lantarki mara lahani ko ƙarancin kayan amfanin unguwa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Fitilar Fitilar Fitila, Dimming, ko Kayan Aiki suna Aiki da Ban mamaki"] --> TestPattern{"Me zai faru da SAURAN fitilu a cikin gidan lokacin da nauyin 120V mai nauyi (microwave, toaster, bushewar gashi, injin sarari) ya kunna?"}

    TestPattern -->|"A. Haske a daki ɗaya yana samun DIM yayin da fitilu a wani ɗakin ke samun SUPER-BRIGHT (170V zuwa 210V)"| OpenNeutral["TABBATAR BUDE GARGAJIYA: An karye tuntuɓar cibiyar famfo akan sabis na 120/240V ko da'irar reshen wayoyi da yawa"]

    TestPattern -->|"B. DUK fitilun dake cikin gidan gabaɗaya suna ɗan dusashewa na daƙiƙa 1 lokacin da AC ko firji ta fara, sannan su dawo daidai."| NormalInrush["Dip Inrush Mota na Al'ada: Babban amps masu farawa a takaice yana sauke ƙarfin lantarki 3% zuwa 5% akan ƙafafu biyu daidai. Ba tsaka tsaki a buɗe ba"]

    TestPattern -->|"C. Rabin gidan ya mutu 100% (0V), kuma 240V na'urar bushewa / tanda ba zai yi zafi ba, amma fitilu masu aiki suna tsayawa tsayin daka."| DroppedHotLeg["KAFA MAI KYAU (Buɗewa L1 ko L2): Ɗaya daga cikin wayoyi masu zafi na 120V guda biyu ko manyan sandunan karya yana buɗe, amma tsaka tsaki ba ta da kyau."]

    OpenNeutral --> ScopeCheck{"Shin motsi mai haske/dim yana shafar DUK gidan ko da'irar kicin/gaji GUDA BIYU?"}

    ScopeCheck -->|"Dukan gidan yana jujjuya haske/dim; bututun ruwa ko igiyoyin coax suma"| UtilityOrMain["BABBAN MAI AMFANI BUDE BAYANIN TSARKI: Rashin tsaka tsaki mai tsaka mai wuya na sama, konewar mitoci, ko madaidaicin madaidaicin babban panel. 1. Juya Main Breaker KASHE 2. KAR a taɓa bututun ruwa 3. Kira Layin Gaggawa na Lantarki"]

    ScopeCheck -->|"Takaitattun da'irori guda 2 ne kawai (misali, kantunan kantunan dafa abinci) suna murza haske/dim"| MWBCFault["BUDADDIYAR RASHIN WAYA (MWBC) MAI TSARKI: Farar waya mai tsaka-tsaki da aka raba ta zo sako-sako da ita a cikin goron waya ko mashin baya akan kebul na gida mai karfin 120/240V. Juya dukkan masu watsewar reshe da ke da alaƙa kuma a kira mai lantarki"]

Kimiyyar Lantarki: Me yasa tsaka tsaki mai karye ya juya da'irori 120-volt zuwa 200-volt seesaw¶

Don fahimtar dalilin da yasa waya mai tsaka-tsaki ta fi lalacewa ga gidanku fiye da karyewar waya mai zafi, duba yadda wutar lantarki ke shiga cikin rukunin lantarki na zama.

1. Yadda Lafiyayyan 120/240V Sabis na Tsaga-lokaci ke Aiki (Arewacin Amurka)¶

A cikin Amurka, Kanada, Mexiko, da sassan Latin Amurka da Caribbean, sandar sandar wutan lantarki ko na'ura mai amfani da wutan lantarki tana matakan wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a titi har zuwa iska mai ƙarfi ta biyu 240-volt tare da tsakiyar-tapped Neutral waya: - ** Zafin Kafa 1 (L1 - Black waya)** zuwa ** Zafi Kafa 2 (L2 - Jar waya)** ma'auni 240 volts AC. - The ** Neutral Waya (N - Farar ko kebul na murɗaɗɗen aluminium mara kyau)** an kulle kai tsaye zuwa ** ainihin fam ɗin cibiyar (midpoint** na waccan na'urar wutar lantarki mai karfin 240-volt kuma ta kasa kasa. - Domin tsaka tsaki yana zaune a kulle a tsakiyar wuri (0V reference), wutar lantarki daga Leg 1 to Neutral kullum 120 volt ne, kuma wutar lantarki daga Leg 2 zuwa Neutral kullum 120 volt ce, ba tare da la'akari da ko kafa 1 tana da amps 40 na kayan aiki ba, kuma ƙafa 2 tana da amp 1 kawai. Wayar tsaka tsaki kawai tana ɗaukar bambancin ** (daidaitaccen halin yanzu, 39 amps*** a koma lafiya zuwa tsakiyar famfo na mai amfani.

2. Abin da ke Faruwa Nan take Wayar Takaici ta Katse Buɗe¶

Lokacin da rassan bishiya, gajiyar iska, ko lalata ke raba wayan tsaka-tsaki tsakanin babban panel ɗin ku da na'urar ta atomatik, bas ɗin tsakar gidan ku ** ba a ƙara ɗaure shi da tsakiyar taswirar 240V**. - Madadin haka, duk na'urorin 120-volt da aka toshe cikin ** Kafa 1 *** da duk na'urorin 120-volt da aka toshe cikin ** Kafa 2 ** yanzu ** an haɗa su da juna a cikin cikakken wadatar 240-volt **, suna samar da classic ** Ohm's Law Series Voltage Divider ***:

• Kalli Seesaw a Ainihin Lokaci:
• Ace a cikin kicin (Kafa 1), kun kunna toaster 1,500-watt ko na'urar dumama sarari, wanda ke da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na \(R_{\text{Leg 1}} = 10\text{ ohms}\).
• A halin yanzu, a cikin falo da ɗakin kwana (** Kafa 2**), kawai gidan talabijin na ** LED, Wi-Fi na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, allon kula da wutar lantarki, da fitilun fitilu na LED guda biyu** suna gudana, tare da haɗaɗɗun juriyar wutar lantarki na \(R_{\ rubutu {Leg 2}} = 50\rubutu{ ohms}\).
• Tare da raguwa mai tsaka tsaki, 240 volts yana rarraba ta hanyar juriya:
  • ** Kitchen (Kafa 1 - Ƙarfin Juriya)**: Yana karɓar \(240\rubutu{V} \ lokuta (10/60) = \mathbf{40\rubutu{volts}}\). Toaster ɗin da ƙyar ya ɗora, fitulun kicin ɗin sun zama ruwan lemo, ga compressor ɗin firij ɗin kitchen ɗin ya tsaya yana huci.
  • Dakin Rayuwa (Kafa 2 - Babban Juriya): Yana karɓar \(240\rubutu{V} \ lokuta (50/60) = \mathbf{200\rubutu{volts}}\) akan da'irar 120-volt. A cikin dakika kadan, fitulun LED na falo sun yi wuta da haske da kaso 300 cikin dari, mai karewa ya kama wuta, kuma wutar lantarki mai karfin 24V da wutar lantarki ta TV ta fashe da farar hayaki.

3. Me yasa Tsarin Tsarin 230/400V-Uku (Birtaniya, Turai, Ostiraliya, Asiya) ke fama da Muni Ko da Muni 400V Surge¶

A cikin ƙasashe masu amfani da ** wayoyi huɗu masu ƙarfi huɗu 230/400-volt Wye (Star) Rarraba** (Turai, UK, Ostiraliya, New Zealand, Indiya, da Asiya-Pacific), wani ** Buɗe PEN (Ƙasa mai Kariya da Tsatsaki)** ko karya tsaka tsaki mai matakai uku yana jujjuya ma'anar tauraro a kan madaidaicin 400-volt lokaci-zuwa-lokaci alwatika: - 230-Volt da'irori guda-ɗaukar nauyi mai sauƙi na iya haɓaka gabaɗaya daga ** 230 volts har zuwa 380 zuwa 400 volts **, nan take lalata duk kayan aikin da aka haɗa tare da ƙarfafa bututun ƙarfe na PME/TN-C-S da caja EV har zuwa ** 150 zuwa 230 volts sama da ƙasa ta gaskiya ***.

Kwatanta: Buɗewa Tsakanin Sabis vs. Ƙafa mai zafi da ta ɓace vs. Yawan wuce gona da iri¶

Mai kisa mai ɓoye: Me yasa tsaka tsaki ya ɓace yana ƙarfafa bututun ruwa, spigots na waje, da igiyoyin TV na coaxial¶

Lokacin da tsaka-tsakin abin amfani na ƙasa ko ƙasa ya karye, ina wutar lantarki mara daidaituwa daga gidanku zata tafi?

Saboda Basbar Neutral da Ground Busbar suna haɗe tare a cikin *Babban Sabis ɗin Sabis ɗinku, rashin daidaituwa na halin yanzu (10 to 50 amps) yana farauta matuƙa don **kowace hanya madaidaiciyar hanyar ƙarfe ta dawo da injin sandar sandar sandar sandar mai amfani ***:

1. Tafarkin Bututun Ruwa na Karfe (Makwabcinku ko Plumber)¶

• Idan gidan ku da gidan maƙwabcin ku na gaba suna da alaƙa da ** ci gaba da jan ƙarfe na ƙasa ko babban ruwa na birni mai galvanized karfe **, tsakar tsakar gidanku mara daidaituwa tana gudana daga **Grounding Electrode Conductor **, kan bututun ruwan jan karfe, fita zuwa babban ruwan titi, sama ** babban makwabcin ku ** babban bututun ruwan jan karfe na makwabcin ku, ya rufe makwabcin ku. waya tsaka tsaki na sama ** komawa zuwa sandar amfani.
• **Idan Titinku Yana Da Filastik Ruwan Ruwa na PVC ***: Idan birni ya maye gurbin babban titi tare da bututun filastik mara amfani ** PVC ko HDPE, bututun ruwan ku na jan karfe suna da ƙasa mai tsayin daka kawai (15 to 100 ohms) don dawo da halin yanzu. Ta Dokar Ohm ($ V = I times R $), kawai ** 10 amps ** ƙoƙarin turawa cikin sandar ƙasa ** 20-ohm ** yana ɗaga ** kowane bututun ruwa na jan karfe, bawul ɗin shawa, faucet ɗin dafa abinci, da bututun lambun waje a cikin kayan ku zuwa 120 volts dangane da rigar ƙasa **.
• Takawa babu takalmi akan jikakken baranmin siminti ko ciyawar ciyawa yayin ɗaukar famfon bututun ƙarfe na ƙarfe na waje yana kammala da'irar **120-volt madaidaiciya ta cikin ƙirjin ku ***.

2. The Melting Coaxial Cable TV / Internet Ground Wire Wuta¶

• Daya daga cikin mafi yawan abubuwan da ke haifar da ** gobarar siding na waje yayin tsaka tsaki mai amfani ** shine ** TV na USB ko kebul na intanet na coaxial na USB.RG-6***:
• Garkuwar bangon bangon alumini na waje na kebul na TV na coaxial an haɗa shi da shingen ƙasan gidan ku a waje kuma ** shima yana ƙasa a sandar mai amfani ** sama da titi.
• Lokacin da mai amfani da aluminium mai nauyi mai tsaka tsaki ya karye, gidanku yana ƙoƙarin tilastawa ** 20 zuwa 40 amps na dawowar gida mara daidaituwa ** ta cikin takarda-bakin ciki ** 18-AWG waya ƙasa da ƙyallen aluminum na kebul ɗin TV ɗin ku na coaxial **.
• A cikin mintuna kaɗan, kebul ɗin coaxial a cikin ginshiƙi, ɗaki, ko bayan gidan talabijin ɗin ku yana zafi da zafi, ** yana narkewa baƙar jaket ɗin PVC, kuma ya fashe da wuta**. (Idan mai raba TV ɗin ku na coaxial yana ƙone zafi don taɓawa ko narke, kusan tabbas kuna da tsaka tsaki na sabis, don haka kada ku buɗe kebul na coaxial mai zafi da hannuwanku.)

Yadda ake yin gwajin aminci don buɗe tsaka tsaki tare da multimeter na dijital (Ga masu amfani da horarwa)¶

Idan fitilun ku suna canzawa kuma kuna da CAT III-rated Digital Multimeter (DMM), zaku iya tabbatar da tsaka tsaki a cikin daƙiƙa 60 ba tare da buɗe rukunin lantarki ba:

1. ** Saita Multimeter zuwa AC Volts (V- / 750V ko kuma ta atomatik)**.
2. ** Haɗa Binciken Mita zuwa Madaidaicin Wutar bangon 120V *** (narrow Hot slot to wide Neutral slot) kuma karanta tushen ƙarfin ƙarfin hutawa (e.g., 121V).
3. ** Kunna Nauyin Juriya na 120V mai nauyi (1,500W Hair Dryer, Space Heater, ko Toaster)**:
4. Toshe na'urar busar da gashi ko toaster a cikin wani mashigar da ke kewaye ɗaya (ko a cikin kicin) sannan a kunna shi ** HIGH**.
5. Sakamakon Al'ada (Lafiya Tsakanin Tsaki): Wutar lantarki yana raguwa da 1 zuwa 4 volts (e.g., from 121V down to 118V).
6. ** Buɗe Sa hannu na tsaka tsaki : Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ko dai ** yana da ƙarfi da 15 zuwa 60+ volts (dropping to 60V-105V idan mitar yana kan ƙafa ɗaya da na'urar busar gashi) KO ** ya hau sama sama da 126V zuwa 140V-200V* (idan an toshe mitar a cikin wani waje akan kishiyar kafa).
7. ** Fahimtar "120V + 120V = 240V" Tsarin Jima'i ***:
8. A cikin tsaka tsaki mai buɗewa, idan kun auna fitarwa akan ** Kafa 1 ** (e.g., 75 volts) kuma nan da nan auna hanyar fita akan ** Kafa 2 ** (e.g., 165 volts), karatun biyun ** koyaushe suna ƙara har zuwa 240 volts** ($ 75 + 165 = 240\rubutu{V}$). Duk lokacin da 120-volt kanti yana karanta ** sama da 127 volts AC **, rufe Babban Main Breaker nan da nan.

Farfadowa mataki-mataki bayan tsaka tsaki mai buɗewa: Binciken kayan aiki da takaddun inshora¶

Da zarar mai amfani da wutar lantarki ya lalata sabon hannun riga na tsaka tsaki na sabis a waje (ko mai lantarki ya maye gurbin gurɓataccen kwanon rufin mitoci ko ɓangaren tsaka tsaki), kar a *** kawai kunna duk masu karyawar ku lokaci ɗaya:

1. ** Bincika kuma a Yi watsi da Duk Masu Kare Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru**:
2. Cire kowane ** tsiri na wuta da mai kariyar toshewa ** wanda aka haɗa yayin taron. Girgiza shi da kamshin hushin: idan yana jin ƙamshi, ya nuna launin ruwan zafi, ya baci, ko LED ɗinsa mai “Kariya” ya ƙone, ** jefar nan take**. Matsakaicin Metal Oxide Varistor (MOVs) wanda ya tsira daga taron tsaka-tsaki na 190V na iya ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya kama wuta kwanaki daga baya ƙarƙashin ƙarfin 120V na yau da kullun.
3. ** Bincika Kayan Aikin Sa'o'i 24 Mafi Rauni 5 ***:
4. Wasu na'urori suna da ƙarfi 24/7 kuma suna da ƙananan na'urori masu saukarwa na farko ko allon sarrafawa kai tsaye a kan layin 120V waɗanda ke soya da farko yayin tsaka tsaki:
   1. ** Gas Furnace / Air Handler 24V Control Transformer & Circuit Board ***
   2. Alamar Buɗe Ƙofar Garage
   3. Microwave Oven Digital Display Board (sau da yawa ana hawa sama da murhu)
   4. ** Mai juyar da Refrigerator / Kwamitin Kulawa & Mai ƙidayar Kaya**
   5. ** Mai Rarraba Sump Pump / Najasa Ejector Controller & Wi-Fi Routers**
5. Juya Masu Fassara Reshe Daya Bayan Daya:
6. Tare da cire duk manyan na'urorin lantarki, kunna Main Breaker ON, sannan kunna kowace reshe na 15A/20A daban-daban yayin bincika kona wari ko humming transformers.
7. Amfanin daftarin aiki vs. Haƙƙin Abokin ciniki-Gani don Lallacewar Da'awar:
8. Tambayi mai matsala mai amfani don ** lambar tikitin abin aukuwa ** kuma tambaya musamman inda tsaka tsaki ya gaza:
   • Idan tsaka-tsakin ya gaza akan madaidaicin sabis na kamfanin **, splice, ko gefen titi na ƙasa **, yawancin kwamitocin ayyukan jama'a na jihohi suna ba ku damar shigar da da'awar ** Lalacewar Dukiya tare da Kayan Lantarki *** don kayan aikin da aka lalata.
   • Idan tsaka-tsakin ya gaza a cikin muƙamuƙin mitar mitar ** abokin ciniki, kebul na ƙofar sabis (SEU), ko babban kwamiti mai karyawa ***, rubuta luggar da ta gaza tare da hotuna don Rushewar Kayan Inshorar Masu Gida / Wutar Lantarki ta Farko ta Farko na Yanzu *** ɗaukar hoto.

Lambobin gaggawa na yanki da ka'idojin hukumar¶

Tsarin gine-gine tsaka tsaki mai amfani (Split-Phase 120/240V vs. TN-C-S PME 230/400V) kuma hanyoyin bayar da rahoton gaggawa sun bambanta da ƙasa:

• Amurka da Kanada:
• Ceto Wuta na Gaggawa: Kira 911 nan take idan kun ga hayaki, tartsatsin wuta, ko bututun coaxial/ruwa mai zafi.
• **Aikawar Gaggawa na Wutar Lantarki ***: Kira na gida mai amfani da wutar lantarki 24/7 Downed Waya / Layin Gaggawa na Wutar Lantarki kuma yi amfani da madaidaicin jumla: "Buɗewa Tsakanin Sabis tare da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da hasken wuta mai haske."
• **Ka'idodin Lantarki na Lantarki ***: NFPA 70 (Lambar Lantarki ta Kasa Mataki na ashirin da 250 & Mataki na ashirin da 210.4(B)) yana buƙatar katse haɗin gwiwar hannu guda ɗaya don duk da'irar reshe na Wire Multi-Wire (MWBCs) da ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin kai na jagoran sabis na tsaka tsaki a babban haɗin sabis (and nowhere else downstream).
• ** United Kingdom:
• Yanke Wutar Wutar Lantarki ta Ƙasa ta Gaggawa / Buɗe Alƙalami: Kira 105 nan take (layin gaggawa na Yanke Wutar Lantarki na Ƙasar UK na awa 24 kyauta) ko 999 idan gobara ta tashi.
• ** Matsanancin Haɗari na Burtaniya "Buɗe PEN" akan Abubuwan TN-C-S (PME): Sama da kashi 70 na gidajen Burtaniya suna amfani da ** Kariya Multiple Earthing (PME / TN-C-S)**, inda mai amfani ya haɗu da tsaka tsaki da ƙasa a cikin madaidaicin PEN guda ɗaya ** a cikin kebul na ƙasan titin ** Terminal na jan karfe ** Terminal na gidan ku da kuma haɗa shi zuwa gidan ku. bututu, da bututun gas. Idan madugun PEN titi ya karye (Open PEN fault), ** kowane akwati na kayan aikin ƙarfe na ƙasa, radiator na jan karfe, bututun shawa, da famfo na ƙarfe na waje a cikin gidan ku na Burtaniya na iya tashi zuwa 50 zuwa 230 volts AC dangane da ƙasa ta gaskiya *** koda tare da babban maɓalli na mabukaci ya Kashe (saboda MET yana kasancewa da alaƙa da toshe PEN mai shigowa). Ka nisantar da kowa daga bututun ƙarfe, bangon waje, da chassis ɗin mota na EV har sai injiniyan DNO ya ware sabis na titi.
• ** Tarayyar Turai ***:
• Gobarar Gaggawa & Ceto: Kira 112.
• Mataki uku "Sternpunktverschiebung" (Star-Point Shift): A cikin Nahiyar Turai ** mataki uku 230/400V TN-C-S da TN-S** bangarorin zama (IEC 60364), tsaka tsaki mai karye (Nullleiterbruch in German / Rupture de neutre a cikin Faransanci) yana haifar da ** matsawar tauraro , yana aika har zuwa 400 volts AC cikin 230-volt sockets lokaci-lokaci ɗaya. Juya mataki uku ** Babban Sauyawa / RCD (Hauptschalter / FI-Schutzschalter* don KASHE nan da nan kuma kira afaretan grid na gida (Störungsdienst).
• ** Ostiraliya da New Zealand ***:
• Lambobin Gaggawa: Kira 000 a Ostiraliya ko 111 a New Zealand, tare da layin Labarai & Gaggawa mai rarraba wutar lantarki na jihar ku.
• **MAZA (Multiple Earthed Neutral) Hazard : Ostiraliya da New Zealand sun ba da umarnin tsarin ** MEN (AS/NZS 3000 Wiring Rules, wanda ke haɗa tsaka tsaki mai shigowa mai shigowa zuwa mashaya ta ƙasan mabukaci da na'urar lantarki ta ruwa/ƙasa. Batsa mai buɗewa na sabis na sama yana sanya cikakken gidan da ba shi da daidaituwa a kan tsarin ƙasa, yana haifar da girgiza ** wutar lantarki a famfon lambu da shawa ***. Kada a taɓa bututun ruwa na ƙarfe ko cire wayar ƙasa kore/rawaya daga gungumen ƙasa; kira afaretan cibiyar sadarwa nan da nan.
• **Indiya da Asiya-Pacific:
• Lambobin Gaggawa: Kira 112 (da 1912, layin taimakon rashin wutar lantarki na ƙasa a cikin DISCOMs na jihar Indiya); 119 a Japan da Koriya ta Kudu; 995 in Singapore.
• ** Tsakanin tsaka tsaki a cikin 3-Phase Apartment Risers ***: A cikin ɗakunan gidaje masu ɗakuna da yawa waɗanda ke ciyar da mai hawa huɗu mai hawa huɗu na 415V/240V, saƙon tsaka tsaki ko kona a babban bus ɗin ginin ginin yana haifar da lokaci guda 400V akan wuce gona da iri a kan yanayin zafi da iska a duk lokacin da aka kashe mutane da yawa. Kashe sandar sandar katako guda biyu/hudu ** MCB/RCCB mai keɓewa nan take.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me yasa wasu fitilu a gidana ke samun haske yayin da sauran fitilu ke yin dusashewa lokacin da na kunna microwave ko toaster?¶

Wannan shi ne na al'ada, sa hannun da ba za a iya fahimta ba na Buɗaɗɗiyar tsaka-tsaki (Lost Neutral) akan sabis ɗin lantarki mai tsaga-tsage na 120/240-volt. Yawanci, waya mai tsaka-tsaki yana kulle rabi na panel ɗin ku a daidai 120 volts. Lokacin da wayar tsaka tsaki ta buɗe akan digowar sandar mai amfani, a cikin soket ɗin mita, ko a kan babban busbar bas ɗin, rabi biyu na 120-volt na gidan ku za su zama masu wayoyi a jere a cikin 240 volts. Kunna na'ura mai nauyi 1,500-watt microwave ko toaster yana rage juriyar wutar lantarki akan rabin panel ɗinsa, yana haifar da ƙarfin lantarki a wannan gefen don sauke zuwa 40 zuwa 80 volts (dimming waɗannan fitilun) yayin da ya tilasta sauran 160 zuwa 200 volts akan kishiyar rabin panel (yin fitilu a wasu ɗakuna suna haskaka wuta mai haske).

Wanene ke biyan kuɗin gyara tsaka tsaki a buɗe, kuma shin matsalar wutar lantarki ce ko tawa?¶

Idan haɗin tsaka-tsakin da ya karye ko lalatacce yana kan wayoyi na sama tsakanin sandal ɗin titi da yanayin yanayin rufin ku, ko a cikin gefen titi na ƙasa mai amfani, kamfanin wutar lantarki ya mallaki waɗannan wayoyi kuma zai gyara tsaka tsaki a buɗe awanni 24 a rana gaba ɗaya kyauta. Idan ma'aikacin mai amfani ya gwada wayoyi masu shigowa a yanayin yanayin ku kuma ya gano tsaka-tsakin mai amfani yana da ƙarfi, sa'an nan sako-sako ko kone na tsaka tsaki yana cikin ginin mitar abokin cinikin ku ko babban kwamiti mai karyawa, wanda ke buƙatar ɗaukar ma'aikacin lantarki mai lasisi. Koyaushe kiran layin gaggawar mai amfani da wutar lantarki da farko saboda suna amsawa cikin sauri ba tare da tsada ba kuma suna iya jan mitar a amince idan rukunin ku yana da haɗari.

Me yasa majiɓincin wutar lantarki na ya kama wuta ko kuma ya fara shan taba a lokacin da aka rasa?¶

Madaidaitan masu kariyar karuwar masu amfani suna amfani da ƙananan fayafai na yumbu da ake kira Metal Oxide Varistor (MOVs) waɗanda aka ƙera don ɗaukar walƙiya na miliyon daƙiƙa 1 ko jujjuyawar karu ta hanyar sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki sama da 150 volts cikin zafi don ɗan juzu'in daƙiƙa. A lokacin tsaka tsaki mai amfani da buɗe, duk da haka, tashar bangon ba ta ɗan ɗanɗana ƙarar microsecond; maimakon haka, yana karɓar ci gaba da samar da wutar lantarki 170-volt zuwa 210-volt AC na mintuna ko awoyi. Fayilolin MOV na cikin fis ɗin wutar lantarki suna ci gaba da yin zafi, suna zafi sama da digiri 300 a cikin daƙiƙa, kuma su fashe cikin harshen wuta sai dai idan fis ɗin wutar lantarki yana da fis ɗin thermal na ciki wanda ke katse shi.

Me yasa yake da haɗari don taɓa bututun ruwan jan karfe, spigots na waje, ko igiyoyin TV na coaxial lokacin da gidana ya rasa tsaka tsaki?¶

A cikin tsarin lantarki na zama, motar bas ɗin ku mai tsaka-tsaki tana haɗe kai tsaye zuwa tsarin ƙasa (sandan ku na ƙasa, bututun sabis na ruwa na ƙarfe, da shingen ƙasa na TV na coaxial) a babban kwamiti mai karyawa. Lokacin da wayar tsaka tsaki mai amfani ta buɗe, duk wutar lantarki mara daidaituwa daga kowane haske mai gudana da kayan aiki a cikin gidanku ana karkatar da su zuwa kan bututun ruwan jan ƙarfe da garkuwar kebul na TV na coaxial yayin da yake ƙoƙarin nemo wata hanyar komawa zuwa mai canza kayan aiki. Taɓa bututun jan ƙarfe, buɗe kebul na coaxial, ko ɗaukar bututun bututun ƙarfe na waje yayin da suke tsaye akan ƙasa mai dausayi na iya aika halin yanzu mai ƙarfin volt 120 a jikinka.

Shin waya mara nauyi guda daya a cikin gidana zata iya haifar da fitilu masu haske da duhu a cikin dakuna biyu kawai ba tare da ya shafi gidan gaba daya ba?¶

Ee. Idan hasken wutar lantarki mai haske-da-dim yana faruwa ne kawai a kan takamaiman nau'i biyu (mafi yawan ɗakunan dafa abinci, da'irorin wanki / ɗakin wanka, ko wuraren bita) yayin da sauran gidan ya tsaya a tsaye a 120 volts, kuna da Buɗe Neutral akan Multi-Wire Branch Circuit (MWBC). A cikin MWBC, wayoyi biyu masu zafi na 120-volt (baƙi da ja) suna raba farar tsaka tsaki waya ɗaya a cikin kebul ɗaya. Idan wannan farar waya ta zo sako-sako a cikin akwatin fitarwa ko goro, waɗancan sassan reshe biyu suna samar da madauki na 240-volt ba tare da shafar sauran rukunin ba. Kashe biyu breakers ciyar da cewa USB da kuma kira wani lantarki.

Shin janareta na madadin gida gabaɗaya zai yi aiki lafiya idan tsaka tsaki na kayan aiki ya karye?¶

Idan kuna da ingantacciyar ingantacciyar ingantacciyar ingantacciyar hanyar da aka haɗa ta hanyar jagora ko sauyawa ta atomatik, canza canjin canja wuri zuwa GENERATOR yana cire haɗin kafafu masu zafi na gidanku daga grid ɗin kayan aiki kuma yana ba da sabo, tabbataccen tsaka tsaki kai tsaye daga iskar janareta ta alternator stator winding. Koyaya, idan madaidaicin tsaka-tsaki yana cikin jiki akan babban mashin bas ɗin tsaka tsaki a cikin panel ɗin ku na cikin gida maimakon kan layukan masu amfani na waje, canzawa zuwa janareta har yanzu zai sha wahala daga tsaka tsakin buɗe har sai mai lasisin lantarki ya ƙara matsawa ko ya maye gurbin labulen busbar ɗin.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Girgizawa ko ƙwanƙwasa lokacin taɓa bututun shawa ko tsani: karkatar da wutar lantarki
• Dabarar wutar lantarki, buzzing breakers, da overheating
• Wutar lantarki, tartsatsi, da ƙamshi mai ƙonawa a cikin bango
• Layin wutar da ya fado akan gida, shinge, ko yadi
• Jagorar lambobin gaggawa

Tushen da jagorar hukuma¶

• ** Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA): ** * NFPA 70: Lambar Lantarki ta Kasa (NEC) Mataki na ashirin da 200 (Amfani da Gano Ƙwararrun Masu Gudanarwa), Mataki na 210.4 (Ƙungiyoyin Ƙirar Wuta mai yawa), da Mataki na 250 (Grounding and Bonding of Service Equipment)*.
• ** Cibiyar Injiniyoyin Wutar Lantarki da Lantarki (IEEE):** * IEEE Std 142 (Littafin Koren) & IEEE Std 1100 (Littafin Emerald): Ƙarfafa Tsarin Wutar Lantarki na Masana'antu da Kasuwanci da Mutuncin Tsaki a Rarraba-Phase Rarraba*.
• Cibiyar Injiniya da Fasaha (IET) / Cibiyar Matsayin Biritaniya (BSI): * BS 7671: Abubuwan Bukatu don Shigar Wutar Lantarki (Dokokin IET Wiring 18^th Edition) - Karyewar Masu Gudanar da PEN akan Kayayyakin TN-C-S (PME)*.
• ** Laboratories Underwriters (UL): *** * UL 1449: Matsayin Na'urorin Kariya (SPD) - Ƙunƙarar Ƙarfafawa / Rasa-Tsaka Tsakanin Gwajin Gudun Gudu.
• Misali Ostiraliya / Matsayin New Zealand: *AS/NZS 3000: Shigarwa na Wutar Lantarki (Dokokin Waya) - Tsarin Duniya Mai Yawa (MEN) Tsarin Duniya da Buɗe-Sabis-Haɗari *.