Angle Grinder Disc Shatter, Tebu ya Gani Kickback, da Lathe Entanglement¶

Injin bita mai saurin jujjuyawa yana haifar da matsananciyar kuzarin motsa jiki mai iya haifar da mummunan rauni mai shiga jiki, yanke yatsa, da jujjuya raunin murkushewa cikin millise seconds. Madaidaicin milimita 115 (4.5-inch) mai niƙa mai niƙa yana jujjuya dabarar yanke ta abrasive a 10,000 zuwa juyi 13,300 a minti daya (RPM), yana aika gefen diski yana tafiya sama da mita 80 a sakan daya (mil 180 a kowace awa)**, ko kuma kusan rabin gunkin gungu na hannu. Lokacin da faifan abrasive mai haɗaɗɗiyar resin da ke ɗaure a cikin madaidaicin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ya faɗo a kan bene na kankare, ko kuma an ɗora shi a kan injin niƙa da ke gudana sama da matsakaicin ƙimar RPM, ƙarfin centrifugal yana yayyage dabaran cikin gutsuttsuran ballistic wanda zai iya shiga fuska, wuyansa, ƙirji, ko jijiyar mace.

Hakanan haɗari sune na'urorin aikin katako da injinan ƙarfe: teburin majalisar ministocin 254-millimita (inch 10) wanda aka yi amfani da injin induction mai kilowatt 2.2 (3-horsepower) zai iya kama gefen baya na allo mai tsinke sannan ya jefa shi baya a cikin ma'aikacin ko fuska a ** 50 zuwa 90 mita a cikin sa'a 200 * mai aiki da yatsa a cikin sa'a 200. kai tsaye a fadin hakora masu tasowa na ruwa. A cikin shagunan injuna, lathe karfen masana'antu ko latsa mai nauyi mai nauyi yana jujjuyawa tare da jujjuyawar injina mara ƙarfi wanda ƙarfin ɗan adam ba zai iya tsayawa ba; idan safar hannu, dogon hannun riga, ko wutsiya na damfara a kan ƙugiya mai jujjuya ko dunƙule gubar, ana zana hannun ma'aikacin da na sama a kusa da igiya mai jujjuya cikin ƙasa da rabin daƙiƙa. Sanin yadda za a buga tasha ta gaggawa ba tare da kun haɗa kanku ba, daidaita faifan diski mai ɓarna sosai ba tare da fitar da shi ba, adana lambobi masu tsafta da tsafta ba tare da daskare su a kan kankara kai tsaye ba, kuma a amince da jujjuya ƙwanƙwasa sandar lathe na ceton rayuka da gaɓoɓi a cikin bitar.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Mara maballin Tsayawar Gaggawa na naman kaza (E-Stop), kashe maɓallin cire haɗin bango, ko cire igiyar wutar lantarki nan da nan. Kada ku taɓa ƙetare igiya mai jujjuyawa, ƙwanƙwasa, ko dabaran niƙa don kashe maɓalli, kuma kada ku taɓa abokin aikin da ake ja da shi a cikin injin jujjuyawa ko injin tuƙi ya tsaya tsayin daka.
2. ** Aiwatar da kai tsaye, matsa lamba mai ƙarfi zuwa matsanancin zubar jini na jijiya ko amfani da balaguron balaguron iska na kasuwanci mai tsawon santimita 5 zuwa 7 (2 zuwa 3 inci) sama da lakatin gaɓoɓin wata bala'i. yawon shakatawa har sai jini mai ja mai haske ya tsaya gaba daya; gani zubar jini mai tsanani.
3. *KADA KA KYAU cire gutsuttsura na injin niƙa da ya tarwatse ko tsagewar itacen baya da aka saka a cikin ido, wuya, fuska, ko ƙirji. fitar da su a cikin bita yana haifar da zubar jini na ciki wanda ba zai iya tsayawa ba. Tsayar da abin da ke fitowa a wuri tare da ɗigon zobe masu girma ko naɗaɗɗen gauze kewaye da shi; gani ginshiƙai da haɗaɗɗen daidaita abubuwan waje.
4. Kira lambar gaggawa ta gida (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom) nan da nan. Nemi ma'aikatan agaji na ci gaba na rayuwa kuma ku sanar da mai aikawa idan ma'aikaci ya makale da injina a cikin lathe mai nauyi, injin niƙa, ko injin katako na masana'antu don haka ma'aikatan kashe gobara masu aikin ceto masu nauyi suna kawo kayan aikin ruwa da karfe; duba lambobin gaggawa.
5. **Ajiye duk wani yanki na yatsu ko yatsa da aka yanke ta hanyar amfani da rigar rigar da jakar da aka rufe ta hanyar shinge biyu akan ruwan kankara. Kada a nutsar da nama kai tsaye a cikin ruwa ko sanya shi kai tsaye kan kankara tsirara ko busasshiyar kankara.
6. A bar latsa mai makale ko latsawa a cikin tsaka tsaki ko sanya birki na inji kawai bayan tantance yadda ake nannade gaɓoɓin. Kada a taɓa yin jujjuya motar a baya ƙarƙashin ikon lantarki don kwance hannu ko rigar da aka ɗora daga igiya; jira ceton wuta ko jujjuya ƙugiyar a hankali da hannu ta amfani da maɓalli ko maɓalli kawai idan yin hakan yana kawar da shaƙewa mai barazanar rai a wuya ko ƙirji.

flowchart TD
    Start["Injin Bita ko Gaggawar Kayan Aikin Wuta"] --> MachineType{"Wane irin hatsarin inji ya faru?"}
    MachineType -->|"Angle grinder Disc Shatter ko Wire Wheel Rauni"| Grinder["1. Cire injin niƙa ko saki mataccen filafili mai sauyawa<br/>2. KAR KA fitar da gutsuttsuran fayafai daga wuya, ido, ko gangar jikin.<br/>3. Aiwatar da yawon shakatawa ko matsa lamba kai tsaye a kusa da tsaftataccen lacerations <br/>4. Rufe idon da ya ji rauni da tsayayyen garkuwa ba tare da danna ƙwallon ido ba"]
    MachineType -->|"Tebur Ga Kickback ko Yanke Ruwa"| Saw["1. Buga guiwa-paddle off switch ko cire abin gani <br/>2. Sarrafa zubar jini daga yatsa ko kututturen hannu tare da matsatsin gauze <br/>3. Yi la'akari da ciki/ ƙirji don raunin bugun da ba a kai ba ko itacen da aka rataye.<br/>4. Sanya lambobi da aka yanke a cikin gauze mai ɗanɗano a cikin jakar filastik da aka rufe akan ruwan kankara"]
    MachineType -->|"Lathe, Drill Press, ko Haɗin Injin Niƙa"| Lathe["1. Buga birki na ƙafa / E-Stop da jefa babban mai karyawa (Lockout/Tagout) <br/>2. KADA KADA KADA KA YI JIN HANKALI A JIYA A JUYA A MATSAYIN JAGORA KAMAR YADDA AKE NUFI<br/>3. Yanke riguna masu tauri idan ana shake wuyan wuya <br/>4. Taimaka wa murɗaɗɗen hannu kuma jira tsautsayi mai nauyi"]
    Grinder --> CallEMS["Kira sabis na gaggawa (911/112/999) kuma saka idanu don girgiza"]
    Saw --> CallEMS
    Lathe --> CallEMS

Angle grinder faifan tarwatsewa da guduwa ya dawo da rauni¶

Ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na fashewar dabaran abrasive¶

Maƙallan kusurwa masu ɗaukuwa a ƙididdiga sune kayan aikin wutar lantarki guda ɗaya mafi haɗari a cikin ƙirƙira masana'antu, gini, da bitar gida. Ba kamar wuƙar madauwari ta ƙarfe da aka ƙera don yanke itace kawai ba, injin niƙa na kwana yana amfani da wafer na bakin ciki na aluminum oxide, silicon carbide, ko zirconia alumina abrasive hatsi wanda aka haɗa tare da matrix na thermosetting Organic phenolic resin matrix wanda aka ƙarfafa tare da ragar fiberglass saƙa.

Kurakurai na gama gari da yawa suna haifar da wannan dabarar guduro-da-fiberglass don tarwatsewa da ƙarfi cikin cikakken gudu:

• ** Wuce Matsakaicin Saurin Aiki (RPM rashin daidaituwa):** An ƙididdige diski mai tsayi 180-millimita (7-inch) ko 230-millimita (9-inch) don matsakaicin saurin juyawa na 6,500 zuwa 8,500 RPM saboda faɗin diamita yana haifar da babban saurin centrifugal. Lokacin da ma'aikaci ya cire mai gadin tsaro daga ƙaramin milimita 115 (4.5-inch) mai jujjuyawa a ** 12,000 zuwa 13,300 RPM ** don hawa diski mafi girma da ya lalace, damuwa ta centrifugal yana ƙaruwa tare da murabba'in saurin jujjuyawar, nan take yana cin nasara da ƙarfin firam ɗin yanar gizo.
• ** Nika na gefe akan nau'in 1 / Nau'in 41 mai tsananin bakin ciki ko Nau'in 27 cutoff dabaran:** Ƙananan yankan fayafai (yawanci 1.0 zuwa 1.6 millimeters ko 0.040 zuwa 0.062 inci lokacin farin ciki) an ƙera su kawai don yankan gefen radial. Aiwatar da matsi na gefe don niƙa dutsen walda yana lanƙwasa yaduddukan fiberglass, yana lalata haɗin gwiwar guduro, kuma ya farfasa diski.
• ** Tsoka-tsalle da daurin kayan aiki:** Lokacin yanke ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe na tsari, bututun shaye-shaye, ko maƙarƙashiya mai nauyi a ƙarƙashin tashin hankali, kerf ɗin ƙarfe yakan rufe ciki yayin da yanke ya kusa ƙarewa. Idan karfen rufewa ya tsunkule diski mai juyi, kuzarin motsa jiki na armature ko dai ya farfasa motar ko kuma ya jefar da injin niƙa baya daga hannun mai aiki a cikin tashin hankali ** kickback arc** kai tsaye zuwa cinyar ma'aikacin, makwancin gwaiwa, hannu, ko fuska.
• ** girgiza zafin zafi, gurɓataccen danshi, da faɗuwar lalacewa:** Fenolic resin wheels suna da ranar karewa (yawanci shekaru 3 daga ƙirƙira da aka buga akan zoben toshe ƙarfe) saboda yanayin yanayi yana raunana haɗin gwiwar resin kwayoyin halitta. Bugu da ƙari, idan an saita injin niƙa a ƙasa kuma ya ci karo da gefensa, ƙananan gashin gashi yana samuwa a cikin motar kuma ya tashi a lokacin da kayan aiki ya kai cikakken RPM.

Taimakon farko na mataki-mataki don farfasa diski na kusurwa da lacerations¶

1. Haɗe da gutsuttsuran fayafai a fuska, wuya, ko gangar jikin¶

Lokacin da dabaran abrasive ta farfashe a mita 80 a sakan daya (mil 180 a cikin sa'a daya), nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan resin mai kaifi da fiberglass akai-akai ana yanka ta cikin gilashin aminci na filastik na bakin ciki ko garkuwar polycarbonate mai cikakken fuska kuma suna zurfafa cikin kunci, muƙamuƙi, wuya (kusa da jijiyoyin carotid da jugular ciki: jijiya), ko bangon kirji.

1. A bar guntuwar da aka makala a wuri sosai: Kada a taɓa amfani da filaye, tweezers, ko yatsu don ciro guntun da aka tarwatsa daga cikin rauni mai zurfi. Ƙarƙashin fiberglass da gefuna na aluminum oxide suna kama bangon jirgin ruwa da ya yayyage, kuma shard ɗin kanta yana sau da yawa tamponading (plugging) wani lacerated artery ko vein.
2. ** Sarrafa zubar jini a kusa da gindin guntun:** Yi amfani da gauze mai tsaftataccen birgima ko nannaɗen kyalle don shafa matsi mai tsayin yatsa ga fata nan da nan da ke kewaye guntuwar ba tare da turawa kan ƙafar ƙafar da ke fitowa da kanta ba.
3. ** Gina ɗorawa mai ƙarfafawa ko suturar katako: ** Sanya gauze cylinders ko kauri mai kauri a ɓangarorin ɓangarorin diski mai fitowa har sai fakitin ya ɗan yi sama da gefen da aka fallasa na gutsuttsura, sa'an nan kuma aminta da facin a hankali tare da tef ɗin likita ko bandeji mai haske don haka shard ɗin ba zai iya girgiza gefe zuwa gefe yayin jigilar motar asibiti ba; gani ginshiƙai da haɗaɗɗen daidaita abubuwan waje.
4. Ajiye wanda aka raunata wuyansa gaba daya sannan yazauna adaidaita (idan ba kasala ba): Idan guntun faifai ya makale a cikin wuyan baya kuma wanda aka azabtar yana sane da numfashi, kiyaye kai da karfin jikinsu sama da digiri 30 zuwa 45 yana rage karfin venous a cikin veins na jugular yayin da kake lura da hanyar iska don kumburin jini, gurɓataccen iska ko kumburi.

2. Zurfafa lacerations daga grinder kickback¶

Lokacin da injin niƙa ya kori baya daga kerf ɗin ƙarfe kuma ya zagaya ƙetaren hannun mai aiki, wuyan hannu, ko cinyar gaban mai aiki, dabaran abrasive ba ta barin tsaftataccen wuka mai kama da yanka; yana niƙa rami mai faɗin 2- zuwa 4-millimita na fata, tendon, tsoka, da jijiya yayin da yake sarrafa wasu ƙananan tasoshin da kuma shredding manya, yana haɗa baƙar fata abrasive da swarf mai zafi mai zurfi cikin nama:

1. Bayar da raunin nan da nan: Yanke wando na aiki, kayan rufe fuska, ko hannayen fata tare da shear rauni don ganin ainihin tushen zub da jini.
2. ** Aiwatar da yawon shakatawa mai tsayi da tsayi don zubar da jini na pulsatile:** Idan jinin ja mai haske yana fitowa cikin lokaci tare da bugun zuciya daga wuyan hannu na ciki (radial ko ulnar artery), hannu na sama (jijiya na brachial), ko cinya na sama (jijiya na mata), a shafa CoTC-tabbatar da iskar iska ko CTC. SOFTT-W) ** 5 zuwa 7 centimeters (2 zuwa 3 inci)** sama da raunin (ko babba kuma mai matsewa a cikin makwancin gwaiwa / hamma idan ainihin wurin jirgin ruwa ba a sani ba), karkatar da sandar gilashin iska har sai duk zubar jini na nisa ya tsaya kuma bugun bugun nisa ya ɓace, kulle sandar a cikin faifan, sannan rubuta ainihin lokacin aikace-aikacen akan madaurin yawon shakatawa; gani zubar jini mai tsanani.
3. ** Kunna raunuka mai zurfi tare da gauze na hemostatic ko bayyananne:** Idan mai niƙa ya koma cikin makwancin gwaiwar, axilla (armpit), ko tushe na wuyan inda madaidaicin yawon shakatawa ba zai iya nannade ba, shirya rami mai rauni tam ta amfani da ci gaba da gauze na Z-fold (kaolin/chitosan hemostatic hemostatic) ko gauzeile idan akwai gauzeile kai tsaye. Jirgin ruwa tare da yatsun safofin hannu, sannan ku kula da ** aƙalla mintuna 3 zuwa 5 na matsi na hannu biyu mara yankewa** kai tsaye akan cushewar rauni.
4. Kada a goge ko ba da ruwa mai zurfi na niƙa a cikin shagon: Kada a zuba hydrogen peroxide, shafa barasa, kaushi, ko famfo ruwa a cikin wani rauni mai zubar da jini mai yawa don wanke baƙar fata; Yin haka yana narkar da ɗigon jini mai rauni kuma yana sake farawa da zubar jini mai barazanar rai. Rashin aikin tiyata a cikin dakin aiki zai cire grit ɗin da aka haɗa da zarar an sami ikon sarrafa jijiyoyin jini.

3. Ratsawar ciwon ido da ƙoƙon waya goga bristles¶

Gwargwadon kullin waya mai murƙushewa yana zubar da gajiyar ƙarfe mai gaji a saurin ballistic wanda zai iya huda cornea ko sclera:

1. Kada a shafa ido ko cire bristle na waya: Fitar waya ko tarkacen da ya huda ido zai iya fitar da ruwan cikin ido ya ruguje duniya.
2. ** Garkuwa idon da ya ji rauni da tsattsauran kubba:** Tafe da tsayayyen garkuwar ido na karfe ko kasan kofin takarda mai tsafta akan kashin dake kewaye don kada wani abu ya danna kwallon ido; gani raunin ido.
3. Rufe idon da bai samu rauni ba: Domin idanuwan biyu suna tafiya tare daidai gwargwado, rufe ido mai kyau tare da facin gauze yana taimakawa wajen ci gaba da raunin idon har sai likitan ido ya duba shi.

Teburin gani kickback, lamba na ruwa, da kuma raunin injin aikin itace¶

Hanya biyu na tebur ta ga gaggawa¶

A kan ma'auni na tebur da aka gani ba tare da birki mai jin jiki ba ko wuka, nau'ikan rauni daban-daban suna faruwa, sau da yawa a daidai lokacin raba na biyu:

1. ** Ciwon kai mai rauni da shiga ciki:** Yayin da yanke yanke ya ci gaba, damuwa na itace na ciki yakan haifar da kerf a bayan ruwa don tsunkule cikin haƙoran haƙoran haƙoran haƙoran da ke jujjuya ruwa mai tsayi 254-millimita (10-inch), ko kuma aikin aikin ya ɓace daga shingen rip. Saboda haƙoran baya suna motsawa sama da gaba zuwa ga mai aiki sama da mita 60 a sakan daya (mil 135 a cikin awa ɗaya), suna haɗa allon kuma su harba shi kai tsaye zuwa cikin ma'aikacin ciki, ƙashin ƙugu, ƙirji, ko fuskarsa. Yanke bakin ciki na iya rataye cinya ko ciki, yayin da alluna masu nauyi ke haifar da tsagewar tsagewa, raunin hanta, ko karaya.
2. ** Cire hannu da yanke lambobi masu yawa:** Idan mai aiki ya tura allon da hannu ba tare da sandar turawa ba lokacin da haƙoran baya suka karkatar da itacen baya, ba zato ba tsammani na goyan bayan ya ja hannun kai tsaye a kan haƙoran carbide da ke jujjuya, yana yanke ko yanke babban yatsa da yatsu cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 0.1.

Yadda ake kula da tebur ga yanke yanke yatsa da adana lambobi da aka yanke¶

Ƙungiyoyin hannu na microsurgical na zamani na iya akai-akai sake dasa cikakken yatsan yatsa da yanke yanke idan an sarrafa kututtu da sashin da aka yanke daidai a cikin mintuna 15 na farko:

Mataki 1: Sarrafa zubar jini a hannun wanda aka azabtar¶

1. ** Zauna ko kwantar da wanda aka azabtar nan da nan: *** Ma'aikatan katako da suka ji rauni akai-akai suna suma daga kwatsam vasovagal syncope a cikin dakika 30 na kallon hannunsu, suna fuskantar raunin kai a kan teburan injin ƙarfe; gani suma.
2. ** Aiwatar da matsa lamba kai tsaye zuwa kututturen yatsa mai zubar jini tare da tsaftataccen gauze:** Arteries na dijital suna gudana tare da bangarorin biyu na kowane yatsa. Kunna hannun da ya ji rauni da ƙarfi a cikin kauri maras kyaun gauze gauze kuma latsa damtse yayin riƙe hannun ya ɗaga sama da zuciya.
3. Kada a taɓa magudanar jini ko ɗaura waya a kusa da sansannin yatsa: Maƙe wani jini a cikin kututturen yatsa yana murƙushe jijiyar dijital da ke kusa da ita, yana lalata jin daɗin ɗan yatsan da aka sake dasa har abada. Yankewar yatsa yatsaya yana tsayawa a cikin mintuna 5 zuwa 10 na tsayin gauze mai ƙarfi; tanadi wuraren yawon shakatawa na gaba don yanke hannun hannu ko yanke jijiyoyin jijiya waɗanda ke jiƙa ta hanyar sutura.
4. Kaddamar da yanke sassan jiki a daidaitawar jikin mutum: Idan yatsa yawanci ya yanke ta cikin kashi amma ya kasance a haɗe shi da ƙuƙƙarfan gada na fata ko tendon, ** kada a yanke ko karkatar da wannan gadar fata**. Wannan gada sau da yawa tana ƙunshe da jijiyoyi na subcutaneous kawai da ake buƙata don zubar da jini bayan microsurgery. Ajiye sashin mai raɗaɗi kai tsaye tare da maƙwabcinsa a kan wani kashin da aka ɗora, a rufe shi da gauze na saline mara kyau, sa'annan ku nannade hannun da sauƙi.

Mataki na 2: Gano wuri da tattara yatsun da aka yanke daidai¶

Sanya abokin aiki mai natsuwa don bincika majalisar gani, kurar kura, da filin shago don duk sassan yatsa da aka yanke:

1. Kurkura a taƙaice kawai idan an rufe shi a cikin sawdust: A hankali kurkure kurar itace mara kyau ta amfani da saline na yau da kullun ko tsaftataccen ruwan sha. Kada a goge kyallen, kada a yi amfani da sabulu ko maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta, sannan kada a datse fata mai tagumi.
2. A nannade a cikin gauze pad mai danshi mai danshi: A nade lambobi gaba daya a cikin bakararre gauze da aka jika da bakararre saline ko ruwa mai tsafta sannan a murza don ya zama damshi, ba ruwa ba.
3. ** Sanya cikin busasshiyar jakar filastik da aka rufe (Shamaki na 1):** Saka yatsan da aka nannade a cikin jakar filastik mai tsaftataccen zip-top, danna iska mai wuce gona da iri, sannan a rufe ta sosai don kada ruwa ya zubo a ciki.
4. Tabaya jakar da aka rufe a cikin cakuda ƙanƙara da ruwa (Shamaki 2): Cika babban akwati tare da cakuda slush rabi da rabi na ** kankara da ruwan sanyi **, sannan a sanya jakar cikin da aka rufe a saman wannan wankan ruwan kankara.
5. ** A rubuta sunan wanda aka kashe da kuma ainihin lokacin da aka yanke a jakar sannan a mika ta kai tsaye ga masu aikin jinya.

Ƙimar ɓoyayyiyar raunin da ya faru bayan tebur ya ga kickback¶

Karka taɓa samun shagaltuwa da raunin hannun da ke zubar da jini har ka rasa wani mummunan rauni na cikin gida wanda hukumar da aka harba ta baya ta bugun gawar ma'aikaci:

• Duba cikin ciki da ƙananan ƙirjin nan da nan: Dauke rigar wanda abin ya shafa a nemo rauni, konewa, ko tsaga itace a saman ciki na sama, hakarkarinsa, ko makwancinsa.
• Bincika jinin ciki ko fashewar gabobin jiki: Wani nauyi mai nauyi da ke bugun cikin na hagu na sama da mita 70 a cikin dakika 70 (mil 155 a cikin sa'a daya) na iya tsage saifa, yayin da wani tasiri na tsakiya zai iya tsage hanji ko yaga tasoshin mesenteric. Idan wanda abin ya shafa ya sami tauri ko taushin ciki, kodadde fata mai kumbura, saurin bugun jini, ko ciwon kafada, ajiye su a kwance a bayansu, ba da komai da baki, da faɗakar da aika aika gaggawa; gani gigice.

Lathe, rawar soja, da mashin ɗin niƙa¶

Me yasa igiyoyi masu juyawa ba sa tsayawa¶

Lathen ƙarfe na masana'antu, cibiyar juyawa ta CNC, latsa radial, ko lattin itace mai nauyi yana aiki tare da ƙaƙƙarfan juzu'i mai jujjuyawar jujjuyawar kayan aiki. Lathe karfen da ke gudana a da alama a hankali 300 zuwa 600 RPM yana juya juyi 5 zuwa 10 cikakke juyi kowane daƙiƙa guda.

Idan mashin ɗin ya isa kusa da ƙugiya mai jujjuya, karen lathe, screw, ko madaidaicin sandar safa yayin sanye da kowane irin safar hannu, agogo mara kyau, dogon hannun riga, ko dogon gashi mara kamewa:

1. Lokacin amsa sifili: Lokacin amsawar ɗan adam kusan daƙiƙa 0.25 ne. A 600 RPM, 200-millimita (8-inch) lathe chuck yana jan yatsan safofin hannu ta hanyar ** 125 zuwa 150 millimeters (inci 5 zuwa 6) na tafiya ** kafin kwakwalwa ta yi rajistar lamba.
2. ** Cigaban iska:** Safofin hannu masu ɗorewa, riguna na denim, da kayan shaguna suna aiki azaman madauri mai tsayi waɗanda ke hura yatsun ma'aikacin, wuyan hannu, hannaye, da humerus tam a kusa da kayan aikin juyi ko chuck jaws, ɗaukar ƙasusuwan hannu a wurare da yawa kafin su lalata kan ma'aikaci da ƙirji a kan simintin gyaran kafa.

Ceto-mataki-mataki da kulawar likitanci don haɗa latsa ko raɗaɗi¶

Mataki na 1: Rufe injina na gaggawa da Kulle/Tagowa¶

1. Buga Tsayar da Gaggawa kuma shigar da birki na sandal: A yawancin lathes injunan masana'antu, mashaya mai tsayin ƙafafu yana gudana tare da gindin kaskon guntu. Saukowa ƙasa da ƙarfi akan wannan sandar ƙafa yana tafiye-tafiyen mai tuntuɓar wutar lantarki kuma ya haɗa birki na sandar injuna, yana dakatar da jujjuyawa mai nauyi da sauri fiye da bugun bangon bango shi kaɗai.
2. ** Cire haɗin kuma kulle wutar lantarki ta farko:** Nan da nan jefa babban ledar cire haɗin wutar lantarki mai ɗaure bango zuwa ** KASHE *** don haka injin ba zai iya sake farawa ba idan wani ya ci karo da lever ɗin kama yayin ceto.
3. Kada ku taɓa yin gudu ko kunna motar a baya don kwance wanda aka kama: Ko da tseren lantarki na biyu yana motsa igiya mai nauyi tare da ƙarfin da ba a sarrafa ba wanda zai iya yanke matsewar jijiya ko kama kashin mahaifar wanda abin ya shafa.

Mataki na 2: Sakin jirgin sama da daidaitawar injina¶

Da zarar injin ya mutu kuma ya kulle, tantance wanda aka kama a cikin daƙiƙa 5:

1. Yanke maƙarƙashiya a wuya ko ƙirji nan da nan: Idan rigar hoodie ɗin wanda abin ya shafa, madauki apron madauki, rigar riga, ko gashi sun ji rauni a kusa da sandar kuma suna shaƙe hanyar iska, a yi amfani da wuka mai rauni ko wuka mai amfani (yanke ** nesa da makogwaro) don yanki ta cikin masana'anta ko gashi nan da nan.
2. Tallafa nauyin da aka rataya a jikin wanda abin ya shafa: A sa masu ceto biyu su goyi bayan kafadu, kwatangwalo, da kan wanda abin ya shafa a jiki (ko zamewar katako mai karfi a karkashinsu) don kada nauyin jikinsu ya ja da baya a kan hannaye da jijiyoyi na brachial plexus.
3. ** Yanke shawarar ko a bar na'urar a kulle ko a cire da hannu:**
4. Idan wanda aka azabtar yana numfashi kuma ana sarrafa zubar jini: Bar hannun a matsayi, yi amfani da yawon shakatawa a saman hannun na sama idan jini na jini mai aiki yana samuwa, daidaita wuyansa da hannu, kuma jira ma'aikatan kashe gobara mai nauyi masu fasaha don kwance chuck jaws ko yanke kayan aiki lafiya.
5. Idan wanda aka azabtar ya kasance a cikin bugun zuciya, ba zai iya yin numfashi ba saboda matsawar ƙirji a kan gadon lanƙwasa, ko zubar da jini ba tare da karewa ba daga wani jirgin ruwa da ba za a iya isa ba:** Sanya levers na lathe headstock gearbox cikin ** tsaka tsaki** ko saki birki na sandar, sannan a yi amfani da chuck wrench ko ƙarfin hannu don jujjuya gunkin baya a hankali a lokacin da aka yanke shi da hannu. tare da raunin rauni har sai an sami 'yantar da kirji da hanyar iska.
6. Shirya rikice-rikicen murkushewa da sake jujjuyawa: Tufafin murɗaɗɗen suttura a kusa da shingen ƙarfe yana aiki kamar ingantaccen yawon shakatawa. Idan an buɗe gaɓoɓin hannu kafin a sanya liyafar likita a kusa, dakakken arteries na iya fashewa tare da babban jini. Sanya balaguron balaguron kasuwanci mai tsayi a hannu na sama kusa da kafada kafin yanke suturar da aka nannade a kusa da wani gaɓoɓi mai rauni; gani murkushe rauni da sashe ciwo.

Maɓallan lathe chuck mai tashi da kayan aikin latsawa mara ƙarfi¶

Ƙarin ƙarin hatsarori guda biyu suna faruwa akai-akai a cikin shagunan inji:

1. Maɓallin lathe chuck ɗin da aka manta: Idan mashin ɗin ya bar maɓalli na T-handle chuck a cikin soket ɗin muƙamuƙi 3 kuma ya haɗa igiya, maɓallin ƙarfe mai nauyi yana buɗewa da sauri cikin kwanyar, ƙirji, ko ido. Bincika don raunin kwanyar kwanyar da ya raunana, zubar jini na ciki, ko raunin kirji; gani raunukan kai kuma raunin kashin baya.
2. The spinning drill press workpiece: A lokacin da ake hako karfe ko farantin karfe a kan maballin rawar soja ba tare da danne aikin a kan tebur ba, bututun na busa sarewa suna kamawa yayin da suke keta kasan ramin, suna mai da karfen zuwa 1,000-RPM mai jujjuyawar da ke yanke yatsu da wuyan hannu. Sarrafa lacerations mai zurfi nan da nan tare da matsa lamba kai tsaye da haɓakawa.

Shirye-shiryen rauni na bita da lissafin aminci na inji¶

• Kit ɗin sarrafa raunin jini yana hawa kusa da filin shago: Ajiye aƙalla ** balaguron balaguro na iska guda biyu ***, gauze na jini, bandeji na matsa lamba, raunin rauni, safofin hannu na nitrile, garkuwar ido mai tsauri, da jakunkuna masu tsabta na zip-top (don adana lambobi) an saka su a bayyane.
• Mai tsaro na kusurwa da tabbatarwa na RPM: Tabbatar cewa gadin ƙarfe yana kulle tsakanin diski da hannun mai aiki, tabbatar da matsakaicin ƙimar RPM ɗin ƙafafun shine daidai ko sama da RPM ɗin da ba ya ɗaukar nauyi, sannan a jefar da ƙafafun da suka fadi ko ƙarewa.
• Waka'a na gani na tebur, mai gadin ruwa, da sandunan turawa: A koyaushe a yi amfani da wuka a bayan ruwan don hana ƙugiya, kuma a yi amfani da sandunan turawa a duk lokacin da shingen tsagewar ya kasance tsakanin santimita 15 (inci 6) na ruwan.
• Makatse "Babu Safofin hannu, Babu Sake-saken Hannu, Babu Zobba, Babu Dogon Gashi" yanki: Ban safofin hannu, agogo, zobe, zaren zana, da gashin da ba a kwance ba kusa da kowane lata, latsawa, injin niƙa, ko injin niƙa.
• Maɓallai na ƙwanƙolin aminci da aka ɗora a lokacin bazara da maɓallan tasha na guiwa: Yi amfani da maɓallan lathe chuck mai fitar da kai da shigar da fitilun da ke kunna guiwa akan sawun tebur.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me ya sa ba za ku taɓa sanya yatsan yatsa kai tsaye a kan kankara ba bayan da tebur ya ga hatsari?¶

Sanya yatsan yatsa ko babban yatsan hannu kai tsaye a kan cubes na kankara, fakitin injin daskarewa, ko busassun ƙanƙara yana haifar da tasoshin jini, jijiyoyi, da ƙwayoyin fata a cikin lambobi don daskare da ƙarfi, ƙirƙirar lu'ulu'u na kankara waɗanda ke rushe bangon tantanin halitta kuma suna lalata endothelium na jijiyoyin jini har abada (frostbite). Da zarar nama ya daskare akan kankara kai tsaye, microsurgeons ba za su iya sake kafa kwararar jini ba kuma ba za a iya sake dasa lambobi ba. Koyaushe kunsa ɓangaren da aka yanke a cikin gauze mai tsabta wanda aka ɗanɗana da salin saline ko ruwan famfo, rufe shi a cikin busasshiyar jakar filastik, sa'annan ku iyo a cikin jakar da aka rufe a saman cakuda kankara da ruwan sanyi don kwantar da nama cikin aminci zuwa kusan digiri 4 Celsius (digiri 39 Fahrenheit) ba tare da daskarewa ba.

Me yasa aka haramta gaba daya saka safar hannu na aiki yayin yin aikin lathe ko latsawa, koda lokacin sarrafa karfe mai kaifi?¶

Lokacin amfani da kayan aiki na hannu ko sarrafa karfen takarda, fata ko safofin hannu na Kevlar masu jurewa suna kare fata daga fashewa mai kaifi. Koyaya, kusa da sandal mai jujjuyawa mai ƙarfi kamar gunkin lathe na ƙarfe, dunƙule gubar, ko ɗan buga latsawa, safar hannu suna juyar da ƙaramar laƙabin fata zuwa wani mummunan yankewa ko haɗaɗɗiyar mutuwa. Idan barar fata ta yi goga a kan juzu'i mai jujjuyawa ko muƙamuƙi, tana fama da ƙonawa kai tsaye ko laceration wanda ke haifar da janyewar reflex nan take. Idan masana'anta da aka saƙa ko fiber safar safar hannu na fata ta rataye a kan haƙori mai jujjuya ko burr, ƙarfin ƙarfin safofin hannu yana hana shi yage kyauta, yana jan yatsun ma'aikacin, hannu, da gabaɗayan hannu zuwa cikin babban juyi mai jujjuyawa cikin ƙasa da kwata na daƙiƙa.

Me ke sa faifan yankan kusurwa ya fashe, kuma me ya sa babban diski mai lalacewa yake da haɗari akan ƙaramin injin niƙa?¶

Fayafai masu tsinkewa da aka ɗaure tare da fiberglass mesh ɗin da aka ƙera don jure ƙayyadaddun iyakar iyakar iyakar gudu, yawanci kusan mita 80 a sakan daya (mil 180 a sa'a). Saboda babban faifan 180-millimita (7-inch) ko 230-millimita (9-inch) diski yana da faɗin kewayawa, ya kai matsakaicin iyakar amintaccen iyakar gudu a kawai 6,500 zuwa 8,500 RPM, yayin da ƙaramin 115-millimita (4.5-inch) niƙa yana juyawa a 11,000 zuwa RPM 11,000 zuwa 13. Lokacin da ma'aikaci ya cire mai gadin tsaro daga ƙaramin injin injin RPM don hawa diski mafi girma (ko da wanda aka sawa girman girmansa, wanda rami mai hawa na tsakiya da saƙan fiberglass ya raunana ta hanyar amfani da shi kafin amfani da shi), saurin jujjuyawar wuce kima yana haifar da ƙarfin centrifugal waɗanda suka wuce ƙayyadaddun tsarin haɗin resin, fashewar dabaran cikin shrapnel supersonic.

Idan hannun rigar abokin aiki ya nannade a kusa da sandar lathe kuma ya dakatar da injin ko rumfuna, me yasa ba zan juyar da motar zuwa baya don kwance su ba?¶

Motocin lathe na masana'antu da manyan kantunan kantuna suna samar da maƙarƙashiyar farawa da ake amfani da wutar lantarki nan take. Idan kun ƙarfafa motar a baya yayin da aka karye hannun abokin aiki, kafada, ko ƙwan rigar rigar a kusa da chuck ko workpiece, ba ku da iko akan nisa ko yadda sandar ɗin ta juya da ƙarfi; Fashewar wutar lantarki na rabin daƙiƙa na iya karkatar da kasusuwa da suka karye a wani waje dabam, yanke matsewar jijiyar brachial, ko kama wuyan wanda aka azabtar a kan gadon laƙabi. Koyaushe cire haɗin wutar lantarki gabaɗaya, matsar da levers ɗin watsa kayan kai zuwa tsaka-tsakin inji, kuma ko dai jira masu fasaha na ceton wuta ko kuma juya chuck ɗin a hankali ta hannun juzu'i na centimita a lokaci guda yayin da yanke rigunan riguna tare da raunin rauni.

*Wannan jagorar tana ba da shirye-shiryen gaggawa da bayanan taimakon farko don haɗarin injinan bita kuma baya maye gurbin horar da lafiyar injina ko kulawar asibiti. Yi la'akari da ɗaukar ingantaccen taimako na farko, CPR, da Dakatar da karatun yawon shakatawa na Bleed daga Red Cross, St John Ambulance, Kwalejin Likitoci na Amurka, ko ƙungiyar kare lafiyar ku ta ƙasa.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Mai tsananin zubar jini da aikace-aikacen yawon shakatawa
• Ƙunƙwasawa da haɗaɗɗen daidaita abubuwan waje
• Raunin ido da fashewar sinadarai
• Allurar wankin matsi da raunin harbin wuta da kayan aikin wuta
• Raunin wurin aiki da hadurran masana'antu
• Murkushe rauni da ciwon sashe

An duba tushe¶

• Safety da Kulawa da Lafiya na Sana'a (OSHA, Amurka): Matsayin Kare Injin (29 CFR 1910.212), Injin Abrasive Wheel (29 CFR 1910.215), da Buƙatun Injin Kayan itace (29 CFR 1910.213)
• Kiwon lafiya da Babban Jami'in Tsaro (HSE, United Kingdom): Tsaro a cikin Amfani da Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaura (HSG17) da Amintaccen Amfani da Injin Aikin katako (Ƙa'idar Da'a da Amincewa da L114)
• Ƙungiyar Amirka don Tiyatar Hannu (ASSH, Amurka): Kulawa da Gaggawa da Kiyaye Lambobin da aka yanke don Maimaituwar Microsurgical
• Kwalejin Kwaleji na Likitan Likita na Amurka akan Cutar (ACS COT, Amurka): Dakatar da Ka'idodin Kula da Jini da Jini da Tallafin Rayuwa na Rayuwa na Prehospital (PHTLS)
• Cibiyar Kanada don Kiwon Lafiya da Tsaro na Ma'aikata (CCOHS, Kanada): Lathes na Ƙarfe, Masu Niƙa Mai ɗaukar nauyi, da Tebu mai da'ira Ya Gano Bayanan Gaskiyar Tsaro