Fashewar Mai Canja Wuta, Wutar Sanda, ko Akwatin Amfanin Koren Buɗewa¶

A ko'ina cikin unguwannin zama, rukunin gidaje, da hanyoyin kasuwanci, na'urori masu rarrabawa zuwa ƙasa suna rage manyan layukan ciyarwa na farko, yawanci suna aiki tsakanin ** 4,160 da 34,500 volts (4.16 kV zuwa 34.5 kV)**, ƙasa zuwa **120/240-volt ko sabis na biyu na gida * 8-volt/20. Wadannan gidajen wuta suna zaune ko dai a sama kamar silinda mai launin toka mai launin toka da aka makala zuwa sandunan amfani da katako ko kuma a matakin kasa a cikin akwatunan karfe mai duhu koren da aka sani da ** masu ɗaukar wutan lantarki . Lokacin da walƙiya, gazawar insulation na ciki, nauyin kwandishan lokacin rani, tuntuɓar jikin bishiyar, ko tasirin abin hawa yana haifar da gajeriyar da'ira a cikin tanki na wutan lantarki, babban ƙarfin wutan lantarki nan take yana vaporizes mai hana ma'adinai a ciki. A cikin milliseconds, tankin tanki na ciki yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi, yana busa fis ɗin fis ɗin farko tare da ƙaramar harbi mai kama da fashewar tankin ƙarfe don buɗe buɗaɗɗen launin shuɗi-fari ** walƙiya arc da ruwan shawa mai ƙonewa ** 300-digiri-Celsius (570-digiri-Fahrenheit) mai dielectric.

Hatsari mai kisa daidai da shuru yana ɓoye akan lawn unguwa da cul-de-sacs: ** buɗewa, tsatsa, ko guguwa mai lalacewa koren kumfa mai ɗaure tafsiri. A cikin wancan akwatin ƙarfe mai tsayin kugu na zaune an fallasa ƙarshen matakin farko mai ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki da manyan motocin bas masu ɗauke da dubban volts kawai santimita a bayan ƙofar waje. Yaran da ke wasa ɓoye-da-nema, masu gida suna gyara ciyayi, ko dabbobin da ke binciken ƙofar majalisar ministocin na iya shan wahala nan take, mummunan wutar lantarki mai saurin gaske ba tare da taɓa waya mara amfani ba idan sun keta mafi ƙanƙanta mafi ƙarancin iskar wutar lantarki. Sanin yadda ake fitar da gobarar mai ta wuta, yadda ake hana mutuwa **mataki da taɓa yuwuwar ** a ƙasa a ƙasa, yadda za a kiyaye akwatin kayan amfani da ba a buɗe ba har sai masu aikin layin sun isa, da yadda ake ɗaukar yuwuwar polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) gurɓataccen mai yana kare gidan ku da maƙwabta daga bala'i.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. **Matsar da aƙalla mita 30 zuwa 50 (ƙafa 100 zuwa 165) sama da sama daga kowane irin walƙiya, hamming, shan taba, ko sandar amfani da wuta ko koren tasfoma akwatin. Tankunan da aka matsa lamba na iya fashewa a karo na biyu ko na uku lokacin da masu fasa bututun mai ta atomatik ("reclosers") suka yi ƙoƙarin sake ƙarfafa layin bayan fashewar farko.
2. *Kada ku taɓa yin fesa ruwa ko amfani da bututun lambu a kan sandar wuta mai kona, taswirar sama, ko koren kundi mai ɗaure.
3. A ɗauka duk wata waya da ta faɗo, kebul ɗin sagging, waya na guy, shingen ƙarfe, ko rigar lawn tsakanin mita 15 (ƙafa 50) na lallacewar taranfomar tana da kuzari a dubban volts. Shuffle ko tsalle tare da manne ƙafafu biyu tare don kada ku gada zoben lantarki daban-daban guda biyu a cikin ƙasa ( yuwuwar mataki**).
4. Kira lambar gaggawa ta gida da kuma isar da gaggawar gaggawa ta sa'o'i 24 na kayan aikin lantarki daga nesa mai aminci. Kira lamba 911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a cikin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a Burtaniya, ko duba mu lambobin gaggawa directory. Ba wa mai aikawa da adireshin titi mafi kusa kuma, idan ana iya gani daga tazara mai aminci ta hanyar binoculars ko zuƙowa waya, lambar lambar lambar karfe ta karfe ko lambar stencil** da aka zana akan taransfoma ko sandal.
5. Idan kun gano buɗaɗɗen, ajar, tsatsa-ta, ko akwatin canza launin kore mai ɗorewa na abin hawa, kar ku taɓa ma'ajin ƙarfe ko ƙoƙarin tura ƙofar. Tsaya mita 10 (ƙafa 33) baya, tsayar da babban mutum don nisanta yara da karnuka, kuma ku kira kayan aikin lantarki azaman ** fifiko 1 na rayuwa mai ƙarfi (Haɗarin Tsaron Rayuwa).
6. **Idan fashewar taranfoma ta jefa mai mai duhu ko toka a jikin fata, titin mota, ko yadi, ka fita daga cikin ruwan mai kuma ka dauki man transfoma kafin 1980 a matsayin sharar PCB mai hadari. idan mai ya fantsama fata, nan da nan a wanke da sabulu da ruwan dumi na tsawon mintuna 15.

Fahimtar Masu Canjin Ƙungiya: Gwangwani na Sama vs. Kwalayen Kore Masu Haɗawa na Pad¶

flowchart TD
    A["An Gano Hazard Mai Canjawa: Boom, Arc Flash, Leak ɗin Mai, ko Buɗe Akwatin Kore"] --> B{"Wane Irin Abune Ke Faruwa?"}
    B -->|Exploding / Burning Pole or Pad Transformer| C["Kaura daga 30 zuwa 50m (100 zuwa 165 ft) Sama da Hawa Kai tsaye"]
    B -->|Vehicle Struck Pole or Green Pad Box| D["Tsaya A Cikin Motar Sai dai Yana Wuta: Kira 911/112/999"]
    B -->|Unlocked, Ajar, or Rusted Green Pad Box| E["KAR KA TABA Ƙofa ko Majalisar Ministoci: Rike Yara da Dabbobin Dabbobi 10 m (33 ft) Baya"]
    C --> F["Kada Ka Taɓa Yi Amfani da Ruwa ko Masu Kashe Wuta na Gida akan Gobarar Mai Mai Ƙarfin Wuta"]
    C --> G["Bincika Wayoyin da aka saukar ko Ƙarfafan shinge-Haɗin Sarkar Ƙarfafa Kafin Motsawa"]
    D --> H["Idan Aka Tilasta Fitar Motar Da Ke Kona: Tsallake Tsallake tare da Kafafu Biyu Tare, Kada ku taɓa Mota da ƙasa lokaci ɗaya, Shuffle 30m Away"]
    E --> I["Karanta Lambar ID na Stencil daga Nisa kuma Kira Layin Gaggawa na Farko na Farko"]
    F --> J["Jira Masu Layi Masu Amfani don Ware Yanke Na Farko Kafin Tsabtace Wuta ko Tsaftacewa"]

1. Me yasa sandunan amfani "fashe" kamar bindiga: Fuse cutouts vs. Tank ruptures¶

Abubuwa biyu daban-daban suna faruwa akan sandunan sama:

• Aikin Yanke Fuse na Farko ("Shotgun Boom"): Sama da kowane mai canza sandar sandar sandar sama yana zaune da mariƙin fis ɗin da ake kira ** yanke fuse fuse **. Lokacin da squirrel, reshe, ko walƙiya ya haifar da tashin hankali ba zato ba tsammani, hanyar haɗin fuse a cikin ta narke kuma ta haifar da layin fiber na ciki, yana haifar da fashewar iskar gas mai ƙarfi wanda ke fitar da arc tare da rahoton harbin harbi na decibel 140 **, wani farar hayaki, da buɗaɗɗen ganga mai rataye.
• Rashin tanki na cikin gida mai bala'i (Arc Flash and Oil Fire):* Lokacin da ɗan gajeren kewayawa ya faru ciki gangunan ƙarfen da aka rufe, wutar lantarki tana buɗe ƙasa da lita 50 zuwa 250 (galan 13 zuwa 65) na man ma'adinai a ** 10,000 zuwa 19,000 digiri Celsius (18,5000 Fahrenheit) man ya zama abubuwan fashewa hydrogen, acetylene, da iskar methane. Matsin lamba yana busa murfin karfe, ya yi shekar dazuzzuka, ko yaga kabu na tanki, yana fesa mai kona sama da yadi da rufin.

2. Sama vs. Pad-mounted vs. Subsurface transformers: Hazard kwatanta¶

Tsira Kai Tsaye A Lokacin Fashewar Fassara Mai Aiki ko Wutar Sanda¶

Lokacin da tiranfomar unguwar ta fashe ko kuma sandar katako ta kama wuta a tsakar gidan, barazanar da ake fuskanta nan take shine ** narkakken karfen iska da tarkace, fadowa manyan madugu na farko masu karfin wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki mai karfin kasa, da hayaki mai guba**.

1. Kashe yankin faɗuwar rana da tsarin "Span-Plus-One".¶

Lokacin da wutan lantarki ko igiya ke konewa ta saman sandar katako ko narke madubin, tashin hankali na layin yana sa wayan da aka kama ta yi bulala da karfi a kan tituna, tituna, da saman rufin.

• ** Koma baya bayan sandunan da ke kusa ("Span-Plus-One" Doka):** Saboda waya ta farko ko igiyar da ke rugujewa tana haifar da tashin hankali a duk tsawon tsayi tsakanin sanduna biyu, motsa ** aƙalla cikakken sandar sandar sandar nesa ** ban da motsi mita 30 zuwa 50 (ƙafa 100 zuwa 165) daidai da layin.
• Ka kula da masu gudanar da sakandire masu kuzari da shinge: Idan waya ta farko ta 13,800-volt ta faɗo a kan shingen haɗin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, shingen tsaro, waya na ƙarfe, ko kebul na coaxial, ** yana ƙarfafa wannan tsarin ƙarfe gabaɗaya na ɗaruruwan mita ƙasa da toshe ***. Kar a taɓa shinge mai haɗin sarkar ko kofa a ko'ina kusa da gobarar sandar sanda.
• ** Kare idanunka daga filasha na baka:** Kada ka taɓa kallon baka kai tsaye. Fitilar arc mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi tana fitar da hankali ** ultraviolet (UV-B da UV-C) radiation ** wanda ke haifar da zafi ** photokeratitis (“arc eye” flash flash na corneal yana ƙonewa)** cikin daƙiƙa guda.

2. Tsarewar Mataki mai yuwuwar Taɓawa idan waya ta faɗi kusa da ku¶

Lokacin da babban layin wutar lantarki ya tuntuɓar ƙasa, ko kuma lokacin da taswirar da ke ɗorawa zuwa guntun kushin sa, wutar lantarki ta bazu ta cikin ƙasa a cikin zoben ƙarfin lantarki (misali 13,800V da laifin, 10,000V a mita 1, 6,000V a mita 3).

• Me yasa tafiya ke kashe ku (Mai yiwuwa Mataki): Idan ka ɗauki tazarar mita 0.8 (ƙafa 2.5) ta al'ada yayin gudu, ƙafar gabanka na iya tsayawa kan ƙasa mai ƙarfi a 4,000 volts yayin da ƙafar bayanka ta tsaya a 6,000 volts. Wannan Bambancin volt 2,000 yana harba kafa ɗaya, ta ƙashin ƙugu da gangar jikinka, da ƙasa da ɗayan ƙafar*, yana haifar da kamawar zuciya nan take.
• ** Shuffle Kafa Biyu ko Bunny Hop:**
  1. Matsa ƙafafu da idon sawu biyu tare don haka duka takalman su kasance a daidai ƙarfin ƙarfin lantarki iri ɗaya.
  2. Canke baya ko waje ta hanyar zamewa ƙafa ɗaya kawai 'yan santimita kaɗan (2 zuwa 3 inci) a lokaci ɗaya ba tare da ɗaga ƙafafunku ba, ko yin tsalle tare da kulle ƙafafu biyu tare da juna don haka ƙafafu biyu suna taɓa ƙasa a daidai wannan lokacin.
  3. Kada ku taɓa kowane abu (mota, shinge, itace, sanda ko mutum) da hannayenku yayin shuffing (Mai yiwuwa Taɓawa). Ci gaba har sai kun kasance ** 15 zuwa mita 30 (ƙafa 50 zuwa 100)** kuɓuta daga kuskure.

3. Abin da za ku yi idan wuta ta wuta ko tiransifoma ta fada tarkon gidanku¶

1. Ku zauna a gida idan wayar tana waje akan lawn ku ko titin mota kuma gidanku baya cin wuta: Kun fi aminci a cikin gidan ku fiye da tsallaka yadi mai kuzari. Nisanta daga tagogin da ke fuskantar taransfoma.
2. Kada ku taɓa babban ɓangaren wutar lantarki na gidanku idan ɗigon sabis na sama yana walƙiya, shan taba, ko faɗuwar layin farko: Wutar lantarki ta farko (7,200V zuwa 13,800V) shigar da digowar sabis na 120/240V na iya haifar da akwatin mai watsewar gida da kansa ya fashe. Tsaya daga ɓangaren mai karyawa, bututun ruwa, da na'urorin lantarki masu toshewa.
3. Idan fashewar taranfomar ta kunna rufin ku ko siding, fitar da KIshiyar gidan: Fita ta wata kofa ko taga mafi nisa daga faɗuwar wayoyi na sama da wutar lantarki bayan bincika ƙasa don layukan da suka ragu.

Rikicin Motoci tare da Masu Canjin Koren Kushin Da Aka Hana ko Sandunan Amfani¶

Motocin da ke zamewa a kan lafazin rigar, lanƙwan ƙanƙara, ko shingen filin ajiye motoci akai-akai suna yanke sandunan kayan aiki na katako ko kuma su dunƙule kai tsaye cikin akwatunan taswira masu ɗauke da pad. Dukansu al'amuran suna kama mutanen da ke cikin motar a cikin gidan wuta 7,200-zuwa-34,500-volt na lantarki.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|       TRAPPED IN A VEHICLE ON A GREEN TRANSFORMER BOX OR POLE           |
|                                                                         |
|  1. STAY INSIDE THE CAR: Your rubber tires do NOT insulate you against  |
|     high voltage, but while inside the metal cabin (Faraday cage),      |
|     you are at the SAME voltage potential and current will not cross    |
|     your body.                                                          |
|  2. DO NOT TOUCH METAL DOOR FRAMES AND THE GROUND AT THE SAME TIME.     |
|  3. ROLL DOWN WINDOW slightly and shout to bystanders:                  |
|     "STAY BACK 30 METERS. THE CAR AND GROUND ARE LIVE. CALL 911."       |
|  4. ONLY EXIT IF THE CAR OR TRANSFORMER OIL CATCHES FIRE:               |
|     - Open door wide without touching exterior metal body.              |
|     - Stand on the door sill, cross arms over chest.                    |
|     - JUMP CLEAR with BOTH FEET TOGETHER so you are completely airborne |
|       before touching the ground.                                       |
|     - SHUFFLE OR HOP (feet together) 30 meters (100 feet) away.         |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Lokacin da abin hawa ya murkushe koren katako mai ɗaure tasfoma, bumper ɗin ƙarfe ko ƙararrakin ƙarar yakan yi tsalle ta cikin madaidaicin madaidaicin ƙarar nauyi na farko a cikin majalisar yayin da yake ruguza tankin mai na ciki.

• Idan babu wuta ko hayaki: Ku zauna a cikin motar tare da hannayen ku a cinyar ku, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida911 / 112 / 999), kuma jira har sai masu aikin layin wutar lantarki sun zo wurin kuma a zahiri sun gaya muku cewa an kashe wutar lantarki ta farko da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Hatta masu kashe gobara ba za su iya fitar da ku daga motar ba har sai abin amfani ya yanke wuta.
• Idan hayaki mai duhu ko kuma harshen wuta ya fito daga cikin koren akwatin da aka murƙushe da ke ƙasa: Dole ne ku watsar da abin hawa kafin tankin mai na ma'adinai ya ruguza gidan. Bi * Yarjejeniyar Tsalle-da-Shuffle** da ke sama: kada ku fita ƙafa ɗaya ɗaya lokaci ɗaya, kada ku riƙe ƙofar mota yayin da ƙafarku ta taɓa shimfidar wuri, kuma ku yi tsalle tare da matse ƙafafu biyu tare kafin jujjuya iska mai nisan mita 30 (ƙafa 100).

Barazana Maƙwabta Silent: Buɗewa, Ajar, ko Lallace Akwatunan Canza Kore¶

Yi tafiya ta kusan kowane yanki na kewayen birni, farfajiyar gida, harabar makaranta, ko filin ajiye motoci na cibiyar kasuwanci kuma zaku wuce yawancin kabad ɗin ƙarfe mai duhu kore zaune akan pads. Yawancin mazauna garin sun yi kuskuren tunanin waɗannan akwatunan tarho ne mara ƙarfi ko madaidaicin tashar talabijin na USB-TV.

1. Yadda za a gaya mai babban wutar lantarki koren taswira daga matattarar telecom mai ƙarancin wutar lantarki¶

2. Abin da ke ciki a buɗe koren tasfoma cabinet¶

Lokacin da ƙofar gaban na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto ta buɗe, babu ** babu garkuwar ciki ta biyu ** a cikin tsoffin ƙira-ƙira guda ɗaya:

• A gefen hagu (Bangaren Farko): Rubber-insulated ** Babban ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi-karya gwiwar gwiwar hannu ** ɗauke da ** 7,200 zuwa 19,900 volts ** toshe cikin manyan injinan wutar lantarki, tare da madauri na ƙasa da alamun kuskure. Idan takalmin gwiwar hannu ya fashe, ozone ya lalace, ko kuma ya ja da baya kadan, wutar lantarki na iya *baka ta iska ta tsawon santimita da yawa zuwa hannun yaro ko kayan aikin karfe ba tare da tuntubar jiki kai tsaye ba.
• ** A gefen dama (Bayan Sakandare):** Mai nauyi, sau da yawa ** ba komai, bas ɗin jan ƙarfe ko aluminum basbars da tashoshi na spade ** kuzari a ** 120/240 volts (ko 277/480 volts a yankunan kasuwanci)** mai iya isar da **1,000 zuwa 1000 na yanzu. Yaro yana shiga ciki don ɗauko ball ko abin wasan yara, ko kare yana manne hancinsa a ciki don shaƙar gidan linzamin kwamfuta, ya taɓa tashoshi masu ƙarfi waɗanda ke haifar da wutar lantarki nan take ko fashewar filasha.

3. Ƙa'idar mataki-mataki lokacin da ka sami akwatin kore, buɗe, ko tsatsa¶

1. Ka dakata aƙalla nisan mitoci 3 zuwa 10 ( ƙafa 10 zuwa 33) Kada ka haura zuwa majalisar don duba ciki, kada ka yi ƙoƙarin tura ƙofar ƙarfe mai murɗawa da hannunka ko ƙafarka, kuma kada ka tuɓe ta da sanda. Idan waya ta ciki ko bushing ta karkata zuwa ga firam ɗin ƙofa, za a iya ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki gaba ɗaya koren ƙarafa.
2. Bincika ruwan mai ko ramukan tsatsa a gindi: Tushen yayyafi da gishirin titi akai-akai suna yin tsatsa ta cikin kusurwoyin kasan tsofaffin koren transfoma, yana barin mai ya zubo kan siminti. Lokacin da matakin mai na ciki ya faɗi ƙasa da iskar wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi a cikin tankin baya, injin ɗin yana fuskantar haɗarin ** wuce gona da iri, harba a ciki, da fashewa ***.
3. ** Tsayar da babban gadi kuma yi amfani da shingen gani na wucin gadi a nesa:** Idan ƙofar majalisar tana buɗewa kusa da titin titi, filin wasa, ko tasha, sanya cones ɗin zirga-zirgar lemu, kwandon shara, ko kujerun lawn a cikin da'irar faɗin mita 5 zuwa 10 (ƙafa 16 zuwa 33) a kusa da akwatin *** kuma ajiye mutum yana kallo har sai motar kayan aiki ta iso.
4. Yi amfani da ainihin rubutun aika gaggawar mai amfani da ke ƙasa: Kada a taɓa bayar da rahoton buɗaɗɗen akwatin taswira ta hanyar jinkirin fom na kan layi ko imel ɗin abokin ciniki mara gaggawa. Kira lambar wayar gaggawa ta sa'o'i 24*** (kuma 911/112/999 idan kofa a bude take a wurin jama'a inda yara suke):

** Rubutun Aikewa na gaggawa:** "Ina ba da rahoton Babban Muhimmancin Tsaron Rayuwa 1: Buɗewa da buɗe babban kundi mai ɗaukar wutan lantarki mai ɗaukar wutan lantarki tare da fallasa abubuwan ciki. Tana gaban [Adireshin Titin / Cross Street]. Lambar ID ɗin mai amfani a gaban akwatin kore shine [Karanta wasiƙun stencil/lambobi daga nesa da yin amfani da wannan gefen dama na wayar. mai tayar da hankali ko ma'aikatan layin nan da nan don amintar da penta-kulle majalisar ministocin, kuma a aika da wuta / 'yan sanda don tsayawa idan ma'aikatan ku sun fi minti 20 waje."

Hayaki mai Guba, Mai Ma'adinai na Dielectric, da Legacy PCB Contamination¶

Lokacin da wutan lantarki mai hawa sama ko pad ɗin ya fashe ko konewa, ruwan da ke zubowa da baƙin hayaƙi mai kauri daga rumbun yana buƙatar tsauraran matakan kariya.

1. Abin da ke cikin mai canza canji: Ma'adinai mai, silicone, da PCBs¶

Na'urori masu rarrabawa na zamani da aka kera bayan 1980 suna cike da ingantaccen mai ** paraffinic ko naphthenic ma'adinai **, babban wurin wuta ** ruwa silicone **, ko biodegradable ** na halitta ester (kayan-iri) ruwa **. Ko da a lokacin da babu PCB gabaɗaya, kona ma'adinai mai yana haifar da gajimare mai yawa na polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), carbon monoxide, acrid aldehydes, da soot waɗanda ke haifar da bronchospasm mai tsanani da ciwon huhu idan an shaka.

Duk da haka, daga ** 1929 har zuwa ƙarshen 1970s *** (an haramta shi a Amurka ta hanyar EPA a ƙarƙashin Dokar Kula da Abubuwa masu guba a cikin 1979, da kuma cikin Turai da Burtaniya ta hanyar 1980s), daruruwan dubban gidajen wuta da masu ƙarfin sandar sandar sun cika da Askarel (Polychlorinated Biphenyls, the traders and PCBran) Inerteen, da Chlorextol) ko ma'adinai da aka gurbata tare da PCBs yayin hidima.

• ** Me yasa PCBs na gado har yanzu ya kasance akan sandunan unguwanni a yau:** Yayin da abubuwan amfani suka cire mafi yawan taswirar PCB ("Askarel") shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, dubban tsofaffin injiniyoyin ƙarfe na ƙarfe da sassan karkara da aka ƙera kafin 1980 sun kasance cikin sabis ko sun ƙunshi ** PCB- gurɓataccen man ma'adinai (50 zuwa 500 sassa na PCBs miliyan)**.
• Hazarar Dioxin da Furan Wuta: Lokacin da mai mai canzawa mai ɗauke da PCBs da chlorinated benzene ya ƙone a cikin baka na lantarki ko gobarar sandar wuta a 300 zuwa 900 digiri Celsius (570 zuwa 1,650 digiri Fahrenheit), oxidation na ɗan lokaci yana canza PCBs zuwa ** polychlorinated dibenzofurans da poly-chlorinzofurans (PC-DF). (PCDDs)**, waɗanda suna daga cikin mafi ƙarfi dagewar mahadi masu guba da aka sani.

2. Yadda ake karanta halin PCB na transformer daga nesa mai aminci¶

Kar a taɓa kusantar wani tafofi mai yabo ko lalacewa don duba farantin ƙarfen sa. Koyaya, daga nisan mita 15 zuwa 30 (ƙafa 50 zuwa 100) ta amfani da binoculars ko zuƙowa kamara ta wayar hannu, nemi kayan aikin ** Mara PCB Decal ***:

• Blue, Green, ko Fari "NON-PCB" Sitika:* Tun daga shekarun 1980s, yawancin kayan aikin Arewacin Amurka da na ƙasashen duniya suna haɗa madauri ** shuɗi ko koren siti *** (ko stencil). NON-PCB / < 1 ppm PCB / NO PCBs) a kasa ko gefen gwangwani na transfoma da aka tabbatar da masana'anta ko dakin gwaje-gwajen da ba su da PCBs.
• Babu Sitika ko Pre-1980 Rusted Dark-Gray Can / Pole Capacitor: Idan tsoho, mai ɗaukar hoto mai ƙarfi ko kuma bankin capacitor mai tsayin tsayi yana da ** ba PCB ba. dan kwangilar hazmat na muhalli ya gwada samfurin.

3. Tsabtace mai gida da ƙa'idar tsaftacewa bayan feshin mai¶

Idan na'urar taswira ta fashe ta fesa a fili, amber, ko ɗigon mai baƙar fata akan motarka, siding, lawn, lambun, ko fata:

1. Tsarin Gyaran Fata da Ido:
   • A cire gurbatattun tufafin nan take, a rufe a cikin jakar shara, sannan a wanke fatar da ta same ta da ruwan dumi da sabulu mai laushi na tsawon mintuna 15. Kada a taɓa amfani da kananzir, man fetur, ko abubuwan da ake amfani da su akan fata, wanda ke hanzarta sha PCB na dermal.
   • Cire idanu da ruwan famfo mai dumi na tsawon mintuna 15 idan hazo ta shiga cikin idanu.
2. Mafaka-in- Wuri Akan Tabarbarewar Wuta:
   • Kawo 'yan uwa da dabbobin gida a gida, ** rufe tagogi da matattarar murhu**, da kuma ** kashe fanin HVAC na tsakiya da na'urorin sanyaya iska** don kada hayaƙi mai ɗauke da buɗe ido a ciki.
3. Kada Ka Taba Hose Mai Canjin Wuta A Titin Titin Ko Ka taɓa Shi da kanka:
   • Kada a wanke man tasfoma da ya zubo daga motarka ko titin mota da tiyo; Yin haka yana yada mai da yuwuwar PCBs zuwa cikin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa.
   • Ƙarƙashin dokokin muhalli na tarayya da na ƙasa (kamar ** US EPA 40 CFR 761 Subpart G** da UK/EU ƙa'idodin sharar gida mai haɗari), ** wutar lantarki tana da alhakin 100 bisa 100 bisa doka kuma ta hanyar kuɗi don yin samfuri, tono ƙasa, da ƙazanta *. Bukatar cewa dan kwangilar hazmat na kayan aiki ya tono ƙasa mai jikakken mai, daɓen da abin ya shafa da ababen hawa, da samar da rubutaccen takaddun shaida na PCB na PCB.
4. A zubar da Lambun da aka fallasa ga Mai Transformer ko Sot:
   • Kada a wanke kuma ku ci kayan da aka haɗe da man transfoma ko baƙar sot. Jaka da jefar da amfanin gona a sama da ƙasa kuma a yi gwajin amfani ko maye gurbin saman centimeters 15 (inci 6) na ƙasar lambu.

Kare Kayan Aikin Gidanku da Waya Lokacin Laifin Transformer¶

Kafin fis ɗin fis ɗin da ya gaza yin busa, ɗan gajeren tsakanin iska na firamare da na sakandare ko ** mai yanke tsaka tsaki ("Open Neutral")** zai iya aika tashin tashin hankali a cikin kowane gida da wannan rukunin ke ciyar da shi.

• Gane "Open Neutral" a cikin gidan ku: Idan rabin hasken ku ya zama haske da haske yayin da sauran rabin suka juya duhu orange, wayar tsaka tsaki ta ƙone a buɗe, aika ** 180 zuwa 210 volts ** cikin rabin kantunan 120V na ku. A cikin daƙiƙa 60, waɗannan da'irori na iya soya kayan lantarki da allunan tanderu ko kunna igiyoyin wuta.
• Duba panel breaker daga nisan mita 1 (ƙafa 3) da farko: Idan akwatin karfen yana bugi da ƙarfi, yana walƙiya, ko shan taba, ** nisanta daga panel kuma ka kwashe ***.
• Idan panel din yayi tsit kuma yayi sanyi, ki juye Main Breaker KASHE: Tsaya gefe daya na rufaffun kofar, duba, sannan ki juye Main Breaker zuwa ** KASHE** da hannu daya, sannan a cire firji, da firiza, da na'urorin sanyaya iska domin hana lalacewa idan wutar ta dawo. Duba Juyawa brownouts, ƙarfin lantarki sag, da na'urar kwampreso ƙona kariya kuma Rushewar grid na yanki da duhu.
• ** Bincika ɗakuna don masu kariyar haɓakar hayaƙi:** Filayen filastik na iya wahala ** Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) thermal runaway** yayin kuskuren taswira; duba kowane daki don kamshin robobin da ya kone.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

An duba tushe¶

• ** Gudanar da Tsaro da Lafiya na Sana'a (OSHA, Amurka):** * Ƙarfafa wutar lantarki, Watsawa, da Matsayin Rarraba (29 CFR 1910.269* da Kashi na V (29 CFR 1926.950) akan mafi ƙarancin nisa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki, haɗarin arc-flash, mataki da yuwuwar taɓawa, da buƙatun kulle kayan aikin da aka ɗora akan pad.
• Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA): Kayan Kayayyakin Biphenyls (PCBs) Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Manufacturing, Processing, Rarrabawa cikin Kasuwanci, da Hana Amfani (40 CFR Part 761), gami da Sashe na G (* PCB Spill Cleanup Policy*) da kuma nasihohin haɗari na wuta dioxin/furan wuta.
• ** National Electrical Safety Code (NESC / IEEE C2) da National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA, United States):** * NEMA C57.12.28 / C57.12.29 Pad-Mounted Equipment Enclosure Standards * (penta-head security bolts, tamper-resistant M kofofin, da manyan kofofin Ozarge. labeling).
• ** Ƙungiyar Kare Wuta ta Ƙasa (NFPA, United States) & Lafiya da Tsaro (HSE, United Kingdom): ** Jagorar kashe wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki, haɗarin wutan wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin wuta, da kuma ka'idojin keɓewa na gaggawa (gaggawa)HSE GS6 / HSG47).
• Hukumar Abubuwan Guba da Rijistar Cututtuka (ATSDR / CDC, Amurka): Sharuɗɗan Gudanar da Likita don Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) da ƙa'idodin ƙazantawar dermal/inhalation biyo bayan fashewar kayan lantarki.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Layin wuta da aka yi ƙasa da kuma abin hawa
• Arc flash blast, high-voltagear switchgear, da substation konewa
• Rijiyoyin shan taba, fashewar wutar lantarki a karkashin kasa, da fashewar bututun tururi
• Wutar lantarki ta hanyar titin hanya (madaidaicin wutar lantarki) akan fitilun titi, magudanar ruwa, da sandunan amfani
• Juyawa brownouts, ƙarfin lantarki sag, da na'urar kwampreso ƙona kariya
• Rushewar grid na yanki da duhu
• Taimakon farko na girgiza wutar lantarki
• Lambobin gaggawa