Ruwan Ruwan Ruwa na Whitewater, Ƙarƙashin Jirgin Ruwa, da Ceto-Jaka¶

Capsizing in a commercial or private whitewater raft, cataraft, or backcountry packraft in Class III to Class V rapids creates three immediate, overlapping life threats within the first 5 seconds: (1) Underneath-Boat Entrapment and Perimeter Line Entanglement (coming up directly beneath the dark, air-depleted rubber floor of an overturned raft, getting pushed against a downstream boulder or canyon wall ta 200-kilogram / 440-pound hull, ko samun ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa ko jaket na rayuwa a cikin layi mai laushi mai laushi ko madaurin gear), ** (2) Babban Gudun Swiftwater Trauma da Ƙafafun Ƙafar ** (kokarin tashi a cikin tsaka-tsalle mai zurfi da kuma ɗaurin gindi), takalma da zagayawa tsakanin kogi Mai kiyayewa") Surf da Flush Drowning** a cikin sanyi, ruwan dusar ƙanƙara mai narkewa. A cewar American Whitewater (AW) bayanan haɗari, Ƙungiyar Rafting ta Duniya (IRF), da kuma Rescue 3 International, yawancin mutuwar rafting na farin ruwa suna faruwa ko dai lokacin da mai yin iyo ya yi ƙoƙari ya tashi a cikin motsi na yanzu, lokacin da mai ninkaya ya rataye tsakanin rafin da ya juye da kuma tsangwama (broach / wrap), ko kuma lokacin da mai ceton da bai shirya ba ya ɗaure kansu cikin igiya ko kuma ya shiga ba tare da ingantattun injinan ceton ruwa na gaggawa ba.

Idan masinja ko fasinja a halin yanzu ba su da amsa, an makala ƙarƙashin rafi mai nannade, an makale da ƙafafu, ko kuma ya share kogin cikin ruwan sanyi, kira lambar gaggawa ta gida.911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom), kunna SOS akan sadarwar tauraron dan adam (Garmin inReach, ACR ResQLink PLB, ko Apple Emergency SOS via Satellite), ko tuntuɓar ƙasashen duniya lambobin gaggawa directory. Bi aikin ceton kai nan da nan, daidaita kwale-kwale, da ayyukan ceton jaka-jakar da ke ƙasa.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. ** Idan raft ɗin ya juye kuma kuka fado a ƙarƙashin jirgin da ya kife, KAR ku firgita a cikin duhu: sanya hannayen biyu a kan bene na roba sama da kai kuma "tafiya ta hannu" kai tsaye zuwa haske mai haske mafi kusa ko zuwa saman rafi / gefen tube **: Ƙarƙashin rafi mai jujjuyawa tare da benaye mai faɗowa da ɗimbin bututun iska, idan akwai rami mai zurfi a cikin bututun iska, amma idan akwai rami mai zurfi a cikin bututun iska. wani dutse mai tsaka-tsaki, kasancewa a ƙasa ko kai tsaye ** ƙasan ruwa ** na jirgin zai murkushe ku a kan dutsen. Ka tura kanka hannu-da-hannu tare da kasan bene zuwa ga ƙarshen sama ko gefen duwatsu masu zuwa har sai kai ya fito cikin hasken rana.
2. KADA KA taɓa sanya jikinka tsakanin rafi mai iyo da dutsen ƙasa, gada, ko bangon canyon ("High-Side / Upstream Rule"): Ramin ruwa mai tsawon mita 4.3 (ƙafa 14) cike da ruwa da kayan aiki yana ɗaukar sama da kilogram 500 zuwa 1,000 (1,100 zuwa fam 2,2,2*0). Idan ka shawagi a gefen ƙasa na jirgin ruwanka da ya kife kuma jirgin ya bugi wani dutse, bututun zai murƙushe ƙirjinka ko kuma ya makala ka ƙarƙashin ruwa a kan dutsen. Nan da nan ka yi ninkaya a kusa da ** gefen sama ** na raft ko hawa ** sama saman benen roba da aka juyar da ita ** kai tsaye.
3. Idan an share ku daga rafi zuwa cikin sauri, karye nan da nan zuwa Matsayin Wasan Ruwa na Kare (a bayanku, ƙafafu a ƙasa a saman, KADA ku tashi tsaye): Kamar yadda aka rufe a cikin namu. Hayewar kogin swiftwater, matattarar ruwa, da jagorar madatsar ruwa, Kada kayi kokarin dora kafafunka akan gabar kogin cikin ruwa mai zurfi fiye da gwiwoyinka: takalmi daya tilo yana haifar da mummunan tarko a cikin dakika. Yawo a bayanka tare da ƙafafu suna nuni zuwa ƙasa dama a saman don billa dutsen dutsen, ajiye kullunka kawai idan ba zai hana yin iyo ba, kuma duba kafada don ko dai jirgin ruwa ko mai ceton jaka a bakin teku.
4. Idan mai ceto ya jefar da igiyar Jaka mai launin rawaya/ja, ka kama igiyar (KADA jakar kanta, kuma kar ka taba nade igiyar a hannunka ko kugu) sannan ka ja igiyar da karfi a kafadarka ta UPSTREAM (The Pendulum Ferry Position*:
5. Rike igiyar da hannaye biyu akan ƙirjinku/kashin ƙwanƙwasa don haka igiyar ta bar ƙirjin ku akan ** kafada mafi kusa da bankin mai ceto (upstream shoulder)**.
6. Me yasa kafada ta sama take da muhimmanci: Idan igiya ta bi kafadar kasa (daga bankin), ruwan kogin yana kama jikinka a wani kusurwar waje sannan ya dauke ka daga tudu ko kuma ya karkatar da kai kasa karkashin ruwa. Gudun igiya akan ** kafaɗar sama ** kusurwar jikin ku 45 digiri * zuwa * banki don haka pendulum na yanzu kuna cikin kwanciyar hankali.
7. **Idan kuna kan tudu ko kan raft kuna jefa Jaka ga mai ninkaya a halin yanzu,KADA ku taɓa ƙarshen ƙarshen igiya zuwa bishiya, firam ɗin raft, ko kugunku *: Koyaushe riƙe igiya da ƙarfi tare da ** Hip Belay a cikin tsayayyen ƙafafu mai faɗin ƙafafu don yin iyo a halin yanzu, kar ku taɓa ɗaure ƙarshen igiya zuwa bishiya, firam ɗin raft, ko kugu.V-drag) lokacin da layin ya tafi.
8. **Idan fakitin da madaurin cinya ya juye (Capsize in a Decked or Strapped Packraft), karkata gaba, ja madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin saƙon ka (Spraydeck & Thigh-Strap Bailout), da kuma turawa da hannuwanku kamar cire wando ***: Kada ku taɓa sanya madaurin cinya masu zaman kansu a cikin fakitin da ke buƙatar hannaye daban-daban don kwance ƙarƙashin ruwa; koyaushe tabbatar da sakin madaurin cinyoyin ku a hankali kafin shigar da sauri.

Bishiyar yanke shawara: raftan ruwan farin ruwa ko fakitin ya kifar da rayuwa da ceto¶

Yi amfani da wannan bishiyar yanke shawara nan take raft, cataraft, ko packraft ya fara yawo a kan dutse ko juye juye cikin sauri:

flowchart TD
    Incident["Ruwan Ruwa na Whitewater ko Fakitin Broaching akan Dutsen ko Juya Juye"] --> Phase{"Me Ke Faruwa A Yanzu?"}

    Phase -->|"1. Raft Yana Buga Dutse & Yana Fara Tip Up"| HighSide["YELL 'HIGH SIDE' -> Gabaɗayan Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Jiki A kan Bututun Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwara"]

    Phase -->|"2. Raft ya Juye Juye"| WhereAreYou{"A ina kuka Fito Bayan Juyawa?"}

    WhereAreYou -->|"Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ruwa"| UnderEscape["Latsa Hannun Biyu A Gaban Ƙasar Rubber Sama Da Kai -> Tafiya Hannu da Gaggawa zuwa Hasken Rana Zuwa Sama ko Gefe Daga Duwatsu"]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Gefen Jirgin Ruwa da aka Juya"| ClimbOrUp["Duba Downstream don Duwatsu -> Nan da nan Hawo Sama A Saman bene mai Jujjuya (ko Juya shi Dama-gefen Sama ta Layin Juya) -> KADA KA TABA TSAKANIN Jirgin ruwa & Dutsen Ruwa na ƙasa"]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Ya Fada Daga Ruwa Daga Ruwa"| SwimOrHole{"Kuna Buɗe Rapids, An kama ku a cikin Ramin Hydraulic, ko kuna ganin Jakar Jifa?"}

    UnderEscape --> ClimbOrUp

    SwimOrHole -->|"A cikin Open Rapids"| DefSwim["WANKAN KARE: A Baya, Ƙafafun Ƙasa a Surface, 45-Degree Backstroke Ferry zuwa Boat ko Shore Eddy"]
    SwimOrHole -->|"An kama shi a cikin Recirculating Hydraulic ('Mai Tsayi Hole')"| HoleEscape["Yin iyo Daga Ƙarshe Fitar da Kusurwar Ramin ko Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙaƙwalwa na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwa"]
    SwimOrHole -->|"Mai Ceton Jifa Jakar"| GrabRope["Nemi Wusika -> Ɗauki igiya (Ba Jaka ba) -> Riƙe igiya Sama da kafaɗar UPSTREAM a Baya yayin da ake tafe zuwa Teku."]

Mataki na 1: Hana Juyawa (The "High-Side" Command) da kuma Tsira da Daƙiƙa 5 na Farko na Kifi¶

Fiye da rabin duk wani rafuffukan ruwa na ruwa, kuma kusan dukkan bala'i ** raft wraps ** (inda jirgin ya ke ninka kamar taco a kusa da dutsen tsakiyar ruwa da tan na matsa lamba na ruwa), ana iya hana shi a cikin dakika 2 * bayan * raft ɗin ya bugi dutse idan kowane fasinja ya aiwatar da umarni mai sauƙi:

1. Ta yaya kuma Me yasa za a "Babban Side" Lokacin da Raft ya Buga Dutsen¶

Lokacin da raft ɗin ya yi karo a gefe ko kuma a tsaye tare da dutse ko kuma ya faɗi gefe a cikin rami mai zurfi: 1. Ruwan da ke gudana a kan ** bututu na sama ** yana tura ƙananan bututun * ƙasa * ƙarƙashin ruwa. 2. Lokacin da bututun da ke sama ya nutse a ƙasan ruwan, cikakken ƙarfin kogin ya taru a kan bututun da ke nutsewa kamar reshe na hydrofoil, da sauri yana ɗaukar raft ɗin sama a gefensa har sai ya juye digiri 180 a sama (ko manne raft ɗin lebur a kan dutsen a cikin kundi na dindindin). 3. **Matsalar "HIGH-GASHI": - Nan take jagorar ya yi ihu "BABBAN GEFE" (ma'ana gefen rafin da ke tashi ** HIGH sama cikin iska ***, wanda ko da yaushe bututu ne ke taɓa dutsen ko ƙwanƙolin igiyar ruwa), ** duk mutumin da ke cikin raft ɗin dole ne nan da nan ya cire nauyin ƙananan bututun sama kuma su jefa dukkan nauyin jikinsu a kan jirgin a kan mafi girman bututun tashi **. - Ta hanyar tara kilo 300 zuwa 500 (660 zuwa 1,100 fam) na nauyin jikin mutum a kan babban bututu a kan dutsen, za ku tura ƙananan bututun sama ** baya sama sama da saman ruwa ** don haka halin yanzu ya wuce * ƙarƙashin * jirgin kuma ya zame rafin ba tare da lahani ba a kusa da dutsen.

2. Escaping from Underneath an Overturned Raft, Cataraft, or Oar Frame¶

Idan babban gefen ya gaza kuma raft ɗin ya juye a saman ku: - ** Haɗari A (Firam ɗin Oar, Hasumiyar Rowing, Coolers, da Sako da madauri)**: - Akan rafi ko katafat tare da firam ɗin ƙarfe na aluminum, 2.7-mita (ƙafa 9) oars, busassun akwati, da madauri na cam, firam ɗin ƙarfe yana rataye ** juyewa ƙarƙashin ruwa ** lokacin da jirgin ke juyewa. - Yayin da jirgin ke wucewa, toshe haƙar ku, kare kan ku a cikin kwalkwali, kuma ** matsawa daga tsakiyar tsakiyar tuƙin ** don kada madauri ko ƙafafu na PFD ɗinku su kama tsakanin sandar ƙafa da wurin sanyaya. - Hazari B (Tsarin Aljihu / Tarkon Aljihu a Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Kai): - Ƙarƙashin daidaitaccen madaidaicin jirgin ruwa, madaidaicin madaidaiciya ** bututu mai hana ruwa ** ƙirƙirar bays 2 ko 3 daban-daban na rectangular a ƙarƙashin bene. - Kada ka yi ƙoƙarin nutsewa kai tsaye ƙasa da mita 2 (ƙafa 6.5) zuwa ga dutsen kogin don fita daga ƙarƙashin jirgin; a cikin raƙuman ruwa mara zurfi, nutsewa mai zurfi yana harba gwiwoyinku, fuskarku, ko kwalkwali kai tsaye zuwa cikin duwatsun da ke nutsewa yayin da raft ɗin ke tafiya daidai a samanku. - Madadin haka, ** zauna daidai a ƙarƙashin bene na raft ***, tura dabino biyu a saman rufin roba a saman kai, karkata zuwa ga ** haske mafi haske akan sama ko gefen da ba a rufe ba, da ** tafiya ta hannu ("birai-jarrabi") a kai tsaye ** ƙarƙashin babban bututun waje har sai kan ku ya share bututun kewaye.

3. Packraft Capsize Bailout: Gudun Gudun Fashi, Wuraren Cinya, da Jakunkuna na Baka¶

Ba kamar buɗaɗɗen rafukan kasuwanci ba inda fasinjoji ke faɗowa cikin walwala lokacin da jirgin ruwan ya kife, wata ƙasa ta baya ** fakitin *** sanye take da ** ruwan feshin ruwa (cruiser deck) kuma na ciki 4-maki ko 2-madaidaicin madaurin cinya ** yana riƙe da ƙananan jikin ku a cikin jirgin ruwan sama har sai kun aiwatar da rigar fita da gangan: 1. Kafin Shigar da Kowa cikin Sauri (Pre-Drop Cockpit Check: - Tabbatar da cewa ** Spraydeck Grab Loop** (hannun ruwan hoda mai haske ko rawaya a saman gaban siket ɗin Velcro/ combings) yana manne ** A WAJE *** a saman bene, ba a taɓa ɓoyewa a ƙasa inda ba za ku iya samun shi a kife ba cikin ruwan sanyi. - Idan ana amfani da ciki ** madaurin cinya , tabbatar da an damke su zuwa Madaidaicin Madaidaicin Sakin Saurin Sakin Sauri a tsakiyar cinyarka (ko kuma gwiwa zata iya zamewa ciki daga madaidaicin buɗaɗɗen ƙugiya a cikin daƙiƙa 0.5 ba tare da taɓa maƙarƙashiya ba). 2. ** Mataki-mataki-Mataki Rigar Fitar da Ruwa daga Karkashin Ruwa: - Mataki na A (Kada Ka Jingina Baya; Tuck Gaba): Nan take fakitin kayan aikinka ya juye, karkatar da goshinka da goshinka ** gaba ga gwiwowinka *** don kare fuskarka da kwalkwali daga duwatsun da ke kan kogi. - Mataki na B (Rip the Spraydeck Grab Loop Forward and Up): Tsaya gaba tare da cinyoyinku don ɗaukar madauki na gaba sannan ku ja gaba/ sama don bare siket ɗin daga zoben da ke haɗuwa. - ** Mataki na C (Saki madaurin cinya da turawa kamar Cire wando): Cire madaurin tsakiyar cinyar ku da sauri-saki juyawa (ko haɗa gwiwoyi biyu zuwa tsakiyar layi don cirewa daga buɗaɗɗen aljihunan cinya), sanya hannaye biyu akan tubes gefe kusa da kwatangwalo, kuma tura jirgin gaba daga kafafunku. - ** Mataki na D (Kiyaye Tuntuɓar Jirgin ruwa da Filfili ta Hannun Hannu kawai): Da zarar kanku saman saman ** gefen sama ** na fakitin, ɗauki madaidaicin madaidaicin baka a hannu ɗaya da ramin filashin ku a ɗayan (kada ku taɓa yin amfani da wuyan hannu ko ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa ta hanyar riko da hannu kawai)* Yi iyo da fakitin da aka kifar zuwa mafi kusa, ko aiwatar da tsakiyar kogin Sake Shigar Packraft: Juya jirgin ruwa mai nauyi 3.5-kilogram (7.7-pound) madaidaiciya da hannu ɗaya, ja bututun gefen ƙasa zuwa layin ruwa a kirjin ku, da ƙarfi don ƙaddamar da cikin ku a fadin tsakiyar bene kamar hawa, a cikin tafkin ruwa.

Mataki na 2: Haɓaka Tsakar Kogin Tsakiyar Ruwa (The Flip Line / Belly Strap Technique)¶

Mafi aminci wurin zama a tsakiyar dogon, daskarewa Class III/IV shine ** baya cikin raft ɗin ku madaidaiciya **, ba yin iyo tsawon mita 800 (ƙafa 2,600) ta cikin lambunan dutse. Gogaggen jagora ko mashigar ruwa na iya jujjuya wani jirgin sama mai tsayin mita 4.3 (ƙafa 14) a tsaye a cikin ** ƙarƙashin daƙiƙa 15 yayin da yake iyo a tsakiyar kogin ***:

          HOW TO FLIP AN OVERTURNED RAFT RIGHT-SIDE UP ("THE FLIP LINE")

                       [Rescuer Stands on Far Side Tube]
                              O   <-- Leans Straight Back Over the Water
                             /|\      Pulling Tight Flip Line Attached to
                              | \     Opposite Perimeter D-Ring
                             / \ \
       ======================   \ \======================
      (   Left Tube (Lifts)  )___\_\(  Right Tube (Pivot) )  <-- Overturned Raft
       ======================        ======================
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ River Surface

1. Mataki na 1 (Hawa Kan Ƙarshen Ƙarshen Farko):
2. Kai sama, ɗauki kewayen D-zobe ko nailan ɗebo layin da ke gudana a wajen babban bututun, ja ƙirjinka a kan bututun, sannan ka rarrafe kan benen robar da aka juyar da shi.
3. Bincika cewa har yanzu babu abokan wasan da ke makale a ƙarƙashin bene, kuma da sauri taimaki masu ninkaya na kusa su haura saman gindin roba tare da ku.
4. ** Mataki na 2 (Rig the Flip Line / Belly Strap)**:
5. Cire ** Layin Juya ** (mita 3-zuwa-4-tsawon ƙafa 10-zuwa-13-tsawon 2.5-centimeter/ 1-inch tubular nailan webbing tare da makullin carabiner da aka adana a cikin jakar kugu ko kuma an ɗora shi zuwa PFD ɗinku) kuma yanke carabiner a cikin ** gefen D-zobe ko kewayen layin dogo a gefe ɗaya.
6. (Idan baku ɗauki layin Flip ɗin da aka keɓe ba, yi amfani da layin zanen baka na raft ko madauri mai sarƙar daisy da aka ɗora a gefe, ba buɗaɗɗen igiya mai tsayin mita 20 da za ta ɗaga ƙafafu a lokacin da jirgin ya mamaye.)
7. Mataki na 3 (Tsaya akan Kishiyar Tube kuma Ka Juya Baya Zuwa Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa):
8. Yi tafiya a ƙetare benen da ya birkice zuwa ** bututun da ke kusa da ** (koyaushe sanya kanku ta yadda idan kun jingina baya kuma ku fada cikin ruwa, kuna fado a gefen ** na sama ** gefen raft ko nesa da kowane dutse mai zuwa).
9. Shuka ƙafafu biyu da ƙarfi akan lankwasa na waje na bututun kusa, ja jujjuya yanar gizo da ƙarfi a hannaye biyu, sannan ** karkatar da nauyin jikinka gabaɗaya kai tsaye a kusurwa 45-digiri sama da ruwa *** kamar rappelling daga wani dutse.
10. Yayin da bututu mai nisa ya ɗaga sama sama sama sama da digiri 90 a tsaye, ** bar layin jujjuya kuma tura kanku baya / a gefe daga jirgin ruwa ** (ko kurkure a ƙarƙashin baka mai tasowa) don haka babban bututun raft ɗin baya faɗo kan kanku yayin da yake ƙasa dama-gefe sama.
11. Mataki na 4 (Dagawa na PFD Gishiri-Madaidaicin kafada don ja da masu iyo da suka gaji a koma cikin jirgin ruwa):
12. Mai wasan ninkaya-jike sanye da rigar ruwa da PFD ba zai iya jawo kansu cikin sauƙi sama da bututun robar mai tsayin santimita 50 (tsawo 20-inch).
13. Don dawo da mai ninkaya zuwa cikin raft cikin daƙiƙa 2:
    1. Juya mai ninkaya don su ** baya yana fuskantar bututun raft** (ko fuska idan za su iya harbawa da kamawa).
    2. Tsaya da ƙarfin hali a cikin raft, ansu rubuce-rubucen ** duka kafada na PFD na mai ninkaya *** tam tare da tafukan ku suna fuskantar ciki, gaya wa mai yin ninkaya zuwa "Buga da zurfafa cikin ruwa akan Uku: 1, 2, 3", kuma akan 3, ** zauna kai tsaye a baya cikin kasan raft**, ta yin amfani da ma'aunin nauyi da fadowa sama sama da hips zuwa sama. buhun roba slick kamar buhun gari.

Mataki na 3: Tsarewar Ruwan Ruwa mai Maimaitawa ("Mai Tsayi / Juyawa")¶

Ba kamar dam ɗin da ɗan adam ya yi ba (wanda ya mamaye kogin gaba ɗaya daga banki zuwa banki tare da bangon kankare), ruwan fari na halitta ** na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ("Rami", "Mai Tsayawa", ko "Mai kiyayewa")** ya zama inda ruwa ke zubowa a kan wani tudu mai cike da ruwa ko shiryayye, yana haifar da kumfa mai farar fata na baya wanda ke sake zagaye abubuwa a saman:

Mataki na 4: Yadda Ake Ceto Jakar Jefa Ba Tare da Nutsar da Wanda Aka Zama Ko Kai¶

A ** Jefa Jakar *** (buhun nailan mai haske mai launin rawaya ko ja mai ɗauke da 15 zuwa 23 mita / 50 zuwa 75 ƙafa na iyo 8-zuwa-9.5-millimita / 0.31-zuwa-0.37-inch polypropylene ko Dyneema-core igiya) shine ɗayan mahimman kayan aikin ceto na kogin. Koyaya, jefa shi daga wuri mara kyau ko ɗaure shi na iya juya ceto na yau da kullun zuwa nutsewa biyu:

1. Inda Dole Mai Ceto Ya Tsaya A Teku (Gaba).Downstream of the Hazard, Above a Clean Eddy)¶

1. Duba inda mai ninkaya zai yi shawagi lokacin da igiyar ta daure (The Pendulum Path*:
2. Lokacin da mai ninkaya ya kama igiyar ku a tsakiyar tashar, na yanzu yana jujjuya su a cikin babbar baka mai zagaye kwata (pendulum) wanda radius yayi daidai da tsawon igiya fita.
3. Duba baka na pendulum kafin a jefa: Idan akwai wata bishiya da aka gangaro (* strainer**) ko dutsen da aka yanke tsakanin mai ninkaya da bankin ku, jifa igiya daga saman wannan bishiyar zata ** mai wasan ninkaya kai tsaye zuwa cikin bishiyar da aka gangaro akan matsewar tudu**, tare da dora su a karkashin ruwa inda ba za su iya tserewa ba. Koyaushe matsa ƙasa na magudanar ruwa ko tafiya layi don jagorance su zuwa cikin tsaftataccen ɗaki.
4. Tsarin Mai Ceto & Hip Belay (KADA A KASHE):
5. Rike madauki/karshen igiyar a hannun ** na sama** (kada a nannade a wuyan hannu ko yatsu), wuce igiyar a bayan kwatangwalo.Hip Belay) don haka jujjuyawa a kugu yana ɗaukar kaya, sannan ku jefa jakar da hannunku na ƙasa ta amfani da hannun hannu, sama, ko jujjuya hannu da nufin ** kai tsaye zuwa mita 1 (ƙafa 3) a saman kan mai ninkaya**.
6. yi ihu ko busa kara mai kaifi daya akan busar ka (1 Blast = "Attention / Look Here") nan take kafin kayi amai sai mai ninkaya ya juya kai sai yaga igiyar ta fantsama a kirji.
7. Yadda Ake Jefa Karo Na Biyu (Re-Throw) Idan Kayi Rasa:
8. Ba kasafai kuke samun daƙiƙa 60 don sake dawo da kayan igiya mai nisan mita 20 (ƙafa 65) cikin ƙaramin jakar nailan ba kafin mai iyo ya wanke kusa da lanƙwasa.
9. Maimakon haka, ** naɗa igiyar daɗaɗɗen da sauri cikin manyan, madaukai masu kyau a cikin hannun da ba za ku yi jifa ba, ɗora rabin lita na ruwan kogi a cikin jakar nailan da ba kowa a hannun ku don yin nauyi ***, sannan ku jefa jakar mai nauyin ruwa da farko ta biyo bayan rabin daƙiƙa ta hanyar jefar da coils daga ɗayan hannun ku.The Split-Coil Re-Throw).
10. Tsarin "Vector Pull" don Haɓaka mai ninkaya a Tsallake Layin Eddy:
11. Idan mai yin ninkaya yana rataye akan igiyar jifa da ƙarfi kuma yana lilo a hankali zuwa banki, mai ceto na biyu a bakin teku zai iya kama tsakiyar igiyar jifa da ** ja a gefe a kusurwa 90-digiri (Vector Pull** ko gudu kai tsaye zuwa bakin rairayin bakin teku, ninka saurin ciki na mai ninkaya don busar da su a kan layi mai ruɗi kafin su wanke cikin sauri.

2. Abin da Za A Yi Idan Raft An "nannade" A kusa da Dutsen Tsakiyar Kogin (Kuma Yadda ake Riga 3: 1 Z-Jawo)¶

Idan jirgin ruwa, kwale-kwale, ko cataraft an lika shi a gefen wani dutse a cikin sauri: 1. Fitar da duk mutane akan dutsen (ko zuwa bakin teku ta hanyar jifa jakar) FARKO *** kafin damuwa game da jirgin ruwa. 2. Kada ku taɓa gangarowa cikin gangaren jirgin ruwan da aka nannade da hannayenku ko ƙafafu marasa ƙarfi yayin da ruwa ke zubowa: idan jirgin ya yi motsi da santimita 10 (inci 4) a kan dutsen, zai iya kama hannunku ko ƙafar ku da kilogiram 1,000 (fam 2,200) na ƙarfin lantarki. 3. ** Jira don Yanke madauri ko Kashe Tubes Har sai an daidaita: Kada a taɓa buɗe bututun raft ɗin a matsayin wurin shakatawa na farko; bututun da aka busa yana samar da mahimmancin motsi da zarar an kware shi daga dutsen. Madadin haka, haɗa layin aminci zuwa baka ko ta baya da farko don kada jirgin ya wanke Ba a taɓa ba da zarar ya tashi kyauta, sannan a ja daga tudu akan ** babban ƙarshen ko ƙara D-ring ** ta amfani da tsarin fa'idar injin Z-3: 1 : - Anga majajjawa a tsaye a kusa da bishiya mai ƙarfi a bakin gaɓa (Anchor) sannan ka zare karabi mai kulle da ** Pulley Single #1. - Guda igiyar ceton ku ta tsaye daga ** Nannade Boat's Bow/Stern D-Ring **, ta hanyar ** Pulley # 1 a bishiyar ***, kuma komawa zuwa kogi (The Haul Line). - Ɗaure wani **Prusik hitch *** a kan babban igiyar tashin hankali da ke kaiwa ga jirgin ruwan, shirin ** Pulley # 2 ** a cikin wannan madauki na Prusik, kuma zaren wutsiya ta hanyar Pulley # 2 don ƙirƙirar fa'idar ** 3: 1 na inji **, ninka bakin tekun mutum 3 zuwa kusan kilogiram 700 (1,500 fam).

Bayan duk wani ruwan sanyi da ruwa mai sanyi a cikin ruwan fari, nan da nan a cire rigar auduga, sanya busassun ulu / tari da harsashi mai hana iska, ciyar da sukari mai yawan kuzari idan rawar jiki ya yi laushi, sannan a yi maganin sanyi ta amfani da mu. hamada hypothermia da sanyi tsira jagora.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Me yasa mai ninkaya yana karbar jakar jifa zai rike igiya akan kafadar UPSTREAM maimakon kafadarsa ta kasa?¶

Lokacin da kuke shawagi a bayanku tare da ƙafafunku suna nuni zuwa ƙasa kuma kuna riƙe da igiya mai tsauri da aka ɗaure ko a kwance daga bakin kogin, matsayin igiyar a kan ƙirjin ku yana sarrafa kusurwar jikin ku a halin yanzu (naku). Angle Ferry). Idan igiya ta wuce naku kafada ta sama (kafadar da ke kusa da mai ceto a bakin teku), tashin hankalin yana juya kanku da kafadunku digiri 45 zuwa bankin, yana ba da damar ruwan kogin ya matsa zuwa gefen ku kuma ya tashi ku tsallaka kogin cikin nutsuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali. Idan kun riƙe igiya akan naku kasa kafada, halin yanzu yana kama gefen jikinka da ba daidai ba kuma jirage ka fita waje zuwa tsakiyar kogin yayin da kake mirgina kai cikin ruwa.

Me ya sa ba za ku taɓa ɗaukar jakar nailan a ƙarshen igiya ba?¶

Lokacin da mai ceto ya jefa jakar jifa mai tsawon mita 20 (ƙafa 65) a haye kogi, jakar nailan a ƙarshen har yanzu tana ɗauke da ragowar igiya da ba a naɗe a cikinta. Idan ka kama jakar nailan da kanta maimakon ɗaukar igiya mai rawaya a saman jakar, ragowar igiyar tana ci gaba da biyan kuɗi daga bakin jakar na tsawon mita da yawa yayin da ake share ku zuwa ƙasa, kuma jakar nailan mai slick ɗin cikin sauƙi yana tsage daga yatsu masu sanyi lokacin da ƙarshen layin ba zato ba tsammani. Koyaushe kama igiya kanta da hannaye biyu a kan kirjinka.

Shin yana da aminci a sanya jakar baya yayin da ake shirya kaya, ko kuma ɗaure jakar baya zuwa baka na fakitin?¶

Kada ku taɓa sanya jakar baya a kafaɗunku yayin da kuke yin fakiti akan ruwa mai motsi ko ruwan fari. Idan kun kife yayin da kuke sanye da jakar baya, fakitin yana kama halin yanzu na karkashin ruwa, yana lalata ikon ku na birgima ko yin iyo a Matsayin Swimming Defensive, snags akan duwatsun da aka nutsar da su, kuma suna ƙididdige ƙoƙon sama na Na'urar Tafiya ta Keɓaɓɓen ku (PFD) tura fuskarka karkashin ruwa. Koyaushe ko dai adana kayan aikin ku a cikin bututun ƙugiya na ciki na fakitin (Jirgin sama / TiZip) ko kuma lallasa fakitin da aka hatimi amintacce kuma damtse zuwa bene na baka tare da wutsiyar madauri mara nauyi.

Menene ma'anar busar fari ta duniya da sigina na hannu yayin gaggawar kogi?¶

Karkashin duniya Ƙungiyar Rafting ta Duniya (`IRF`da Ƙungiyar Kwale-kwalen Amurka (Amurka).`ACA`) Sigina na swiftwater: Fitowa guda daya yana nufin "Attention / Dubi wannan hanya"; Fitowar busa uku nufi "Gaggawa / Taimakon da ake bukata nan da nan". Don siginar hannaye/filifi na gani: riƙon filafili ko hannu mike tsaye a tsaye yana nufin "Duk a bayyane / lafiya don ci gaba / Bi wannan layin"; yana daga filafili ko hannaye a kwance a sama daga gefe zuwa gefe yana nufin "TSAYA / Haɗari gaba / Eddy fita nan da nan"; da nuna filafili ko hannu a diagonal a kusurwar digiri 45 yana nuni zuwa ga amintaccen shugabanci ko gefen kogin ɗauka (kada a taɓa nuna haɗarin kanta; ko da yaushe nuna zuwa tabbataccen hanya mai aminci).

An duba tushe¶

• Amurka Whitewater (AW) Database na Hatsari na Kasa & Lambar Tsaro na Farin Ruwa na Amurka: Nazari na Rafting na Whitewater, Kayaking, da Rushewar Rushewa, Makanikan Shigarwa, da Ka'idojin Ceto.
• Ƙungiyar jiragen ruwa ta Amurka (ACA& Rescue 3 International: Masanin Ceto na Swiftwater (SRT) Manual: Jifa-Bag Belay Makanikai, Raft Flip farfadowa da na'ura, da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Gudun Hijira.
• Ƙungiyar Rafting ta Duniya (IRF): * Koyarwar Jagora & Ilimi (GTE) Ma'auni: Babban Siding, Dabarun Juya Layi, Siginonin Fuskoki/Hannu, da Nannade Boat Stabilization*.
• Ƙungiyar Kasuwancin Amirka (APA): * Sharuɗɗan Tsaro na Fakiti: Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace Tsabtace, Tsaftace Rigar Jirgin Ruwa, da Kariyar Ruwan Sanyi *.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Matsakaicin kogin Swiftwater, ɗaure ƙafafu, magudanar ruwa, da madatsun ruwa marasa kai
• Kifewar jirgin ruwa da tsirar ruwan sanyi
• Kayak na Teku da kwale-kwale a cikin tekun iskar guguwar tsira
• Ciwon daji hypothermia, gajiya mai sanyi-sanyi, da sake dawowa
• nutsewa: ceton ruwa da farfaɗowa
• Lambobin gaggawa ta ƙasa