Whitewater Raft Capsize, Yepasi-Boat Entrapment, uye Ropa-Bag Rescue¶

Kunyunguduka mune yekushambadzira kana yakavanzika yemvura yakachena raft, cataraft, kana backcountry packraft muKirasi III kusvika kuKirasi V nekukurumidza kunogadzira matatu nekukurumidza, anopindirana kutyisidzira kwehupenyu mukati mekutanga 5 masekonzi: (1) Pasi peBoat Entrapment uye Perimeter Line Entanglement (kuuya kumusoro zvakananga pasi perima, pasi pemhepo inoputsika, inodonhedzwa nerubha inodonha. kana canyon rusvingo ne200-kilogram / 440-pound hull, kana kuwana ankle kana bhachi-bhachi bhagi rakanyudzwa mumutsara wakasununguka wekubata mutsara kana tambo yegiya), (2) High-Velocity Swiftwater Trauma uye Foot Entrapment (ichiedza kusimuka muchiuno-yakadzika dombo 3 dombo) pakati perwizi rwakadzika bhutsu uye rwizi. Hydraulic ("Gomba / Muchengeti") Surf uye Flush Kunyura ** mumvura inotonhora, inonyungudika yechando. Maererano neAmerican Whitewater (AW) marekodhi edhatabhesi renjodzi, International Rafting Federation (IRF), uye Rescue 3 International, ruzhinji rwekufa kwewhitewater rafting kunoitika kana munhu anoshambira achiedza kusimuka pakufamba, kana munhu anoshambira akapinirwa pakati pechitsiko chakapidiguka uye chipingamupinyi chakasimba (broach / wrap), kana kuti apo muponesi asina kugadzirira anozvisunga netambo kana kusvetukira mukati pasina michina yekununura yemvura inomhanya.

Kana mufambisi kana mutyairi ari kutadza kupindura iye zvino, akaroverwa pasi pechitsiko chakaputirwa, akabatwa netsoka, kana kutsvairwa nerwizi mumvura inotonhora, fonera nhamba yako ye emergency (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 muEuropean Union, 999 muUnited Kingdom), tanga SOS pane yako satellite yekutaura (Garmin inReach, ACR ResQLink PLB, kana Apple Emergency SOS via Satellite), kana kubvunza nyika yedu nhamba dze emergency directory. Tevedzera izvozvi kuzvinunura, chikepe-kurudyi, uye kukanda-bhegi zviito zvekununura pazasi.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. **Kana raft ikanyungudika uye iwe ukatarisa PASI PASI chikepe chakapidiguka, USAvhunduke murima: isa maoko ese ari maviri akafuratira pauriri hwerabha pamusoro pemusoro wako uye "famba-maoko" wakananga kuchiedza chinopenya chiri pedyo kana kuenda kumusoro / kudivi chubhu **: Pasi pechitsiko chine pasi-chinodonhedza pasi uye kukanganisa machubhu, asi pane isina kudzika pakati pehubhu yemhepo. dombo repakati perwizi, kuva pasi kana kuti zvakananga ** kudzika kwechikepe ** kwechikepe kuchakupwanya padombo. Zvisundidzire ruoko-pamusoro-ruoko nechepazasi peuriri wakananga ku ** kumucheto kwerukova kana rutivi rwuri kure nematombo ari kuuya ** kudzamara musoro wako wabuda kunze kwezuva rakashama.
2. ** Usambofa wakaisa muviri wako pakati pechitsiko chinoyangarara nedombo rezasi, pier yebhiriji, kana canyon wall ("High-Side / Upstream Rule")**: A 4.3-mita (14-foot) whitewater raft yakazadzwa nemvura negiya inotakura *500 kusvika 1,000 kilograms (1,100 kusvika 2,200 pounds) yenguva pfupi. Kana ukayangarara kudivi re kudzika kwerwizi kwegwara rako rakapidiguka chikepe ndokurovera padombo, chubhu inopwanya chipfuva chako kana kukupinza pasi pemvura padombo. Kurumidza kushambira uchitenderedza ku ** kumusoro kwerukova side ** kweiyo raft kana kukwira ** kumusoro kweiyo yakapidiguka yerabha pasi ** ipapo ipapo.
3. ** Kana iwe ukatsvairwa kubva pachikepe uchienda nekukurumidza, sveta ipapo uchipinda muDefensive Whitewater Swimming Position (kumusana kwako, tsoka dzakadzika nepamusoro pemvura, USAMBOsimuka)**: Sezvakafukidzwa mukati medu. swiftwater river crossing, strainer, uye low-head dam guide, ** usamboedza kuisa tsoka dzako pasi parwizi ** mumvura yakadzika kupfuura mabvi ako: shangu imwe chete yakasungirirwa inokonzera kukanganisa kwetsoka mumasekondi. Yangarara kumusana netsoka dzako dzakanongedza kuzasi kwerukova kumusoro kuti urove pamatombo, chengeta chikwashi chako chete kana chisingatadzisi kushambira, uye tarisa pamusoro pepfudzi rako kune raft yako kana yekukanda-bhegi mununuri pamahombekombe.
4. Kana muponesi akakukandira yero/tsvuku Kanda Bag tambo, tora tambo (USAGARA bhegi racho pacharo, uye USAFUNGA tambo paruoko rwako kana muchiuno) wodhonza tambo zvakasimba pabendekete rako reUPSTREAM (The Pendulum Ferry Position):
5. Bata tambo nemaoko maviri pachipfuva chako / collarbone kuitira kuti tambo isiye chipfuva chako pamusoro pe ** pfudzi riri pedyo nebhangi remuponesi (upstream shoulder)**.
6. Nei pfudzi rekumusoro richikosha: Kana tambo ikapfuura nepapfudzi rako repa pasi (kure nehova), rwizi rwunobata muviri wako nekona yekunze uye rokuendesa kure kubva kumahombekombe kana kukupenengudza wakatarisa pasi pasi pemvura. Kumhanyisa tambo pamusoro pe ** kumusoro kwepfudzi** makona muviri wako 45 madhigirii * akananga* kubhangi saka iyo yazvino pendulums iwe zvakanaka kupinda mueddy.
7. Kana uri pamahombekombe kana pachikepe uchikanda Bhegi rekukandira kune anotuhwina ari mumvura, usambosungirira kumucheto kwetambo pamuti, raft furemu, kana chiuno chako wega : Gara wakabata tambo zvine simba neHip Belay munzvimbo yakagadzikana ine makumbo akatambarara emitambo kuitira kuti ugone kufamba uchidzika nekuremerwa kwemvura.V-drag) apo mutsetse unoenda taut.
8. Kana packraft ine tambo dzehudyu ichichinjika (Capsize in a Decked or Strapped Packraft), sendamira mberi, dhonza yako Single-Point Quick-Release Grab Loop (Spraydeck & Thigh-Strap Bailout), wosaidzira kunze nemaoko sekubvisa bhurugwa: Usambofa wakasunga tambo dzezvidya dzakazvimirira mupakiti inoda maoko maviri akaparadzana kuti asunungure ari pasi pemvura; gara simbisa kuti tambo dzako dzechidya dzinoburitswa zvakanaka usati wapinda chero nekukurumidza.

Muti wesarudzo: whitewater raft kana packraft capsize kupona uye kununura¶

Shandisa iyi tactical decision tree pakarepo raft, cataraft, or packraft inotanga kurovera padombo kana kupenengukira pasi nekukurumidza:

flowchart TD
    Incident["Whitewater Raft kana Packraft Broaching padombo kana Flipping Upside Down"] --> Phase{"Chii Chiri Kuitika Iye Zvino?"}

    Phase -->|"1. Raft Iri Kurova Boulder & Kutanga Kuti Tip Up"| HighSide["YELL 'HIGH SIDE' -> Yese Crew Lunges & Inokanda Huremu Hwakazara Pachubhu Kusimudza Kurwisa Dombo."]

    Phase -->|"2. Raft Yakapidiguka Yakananga Kuzasi"| WhereAreYou{"Iwe Wakatarisa Kupi Mushure meFlip?"}

    WhereAreYou -->|"Pasi peRaft Yakaputsika"| UnderEscape["Dzvanya Maoko Ose Kurwisa Rubber Floor Pamusoro Pemusoro -> Famba-Maoko Nekukurumidza kuenda kuMasikati Kuenda Kumusoro kana Kudivi Kure Nematombo"]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Padivi peiyo Yakaputsika Raft"| ClimbOrUp["Tarisa Kuzasi KweMatombo -> Kukwira Pakarepo PAMUSORO PEDYO RAKAPIDIKA (Kana Flip It Right-Side Up kuburikidza neFlip Line) -> USAFANIRA Float Pakati PeBoat & Downstream Rock"]
    WhereAreYou -->|"Yakatsvaira Pasi Kure neBoat"| SwimOrHole{"Uri muOpen Rapids, Wakabatwa muHydraulic Hole, kana Kuona Bhegi Rokukanda?"}

    UnderEscape --> ClimbOrUp

    SwimOrHole -->|"MuOpen Rapids"| DefSwim["KUDZIVIRIRA KUSHAMBIRA: Kumashure, Tsoka Kudzika Kurukova paSurface, 45-Degree Backstroke Ferry kuenda kuBoat kana Shore Eddy."]
    SwimOrHole -->|"Yakabatwa muRecirculating Hydraulic ('Keeper Hole')"| HoleEscape["Shambira Uchizobuda Pakona/Badzi reGomba KANA Bhora Kumusoro & Kunyura Mukati Pakadzika Pazasi Pazasi"]
    SwimOrHole -->|"Rescuer Kukandira Kanda Bag"| GrabRope["Tsvaga Muridzo -> Bata Tambo (Kwete Bhegi) -> Bata Tambo Pamusoro peUPSTREAM Shoulder kumusana uku uchienda kuShore"]

Chikamu chekutanga: Kudzivirira Flip (The "High-Side" Command) uye Kupona Kwekutanga 5 Sekondi dzeCapsize¶

Inopfuura hafu yewhitewater raft inobhururuka, uye dzinenge njodzi dzese ** raft wraps ** (apo chikepe chinopetwa senge taco yakatenderedza dombo repakati pemvura nematani ekumanikidza kwemvura), inogona kudziviswa mumasekonzi maviri * mushure me* raft inorovera dombo kana mutakuri wese akaita murairo mumwe wakapusa:

1. Sei uye Sei ku "High-Side" Kana Raft Inorova Boulder¶

Kana danda richidhumhana nedivi kana diagonally nedombo kana kudonhera nedivi mugomba remvura ine mawere: 1. Mvura irikumhanya ichipesana nemuchubhu yekumusoro inosundira chubhu iya yezasi kudzika pasi pemvura. 2. Panguva iyo chubhu yekumusoro inonyura pazasi pemvura, simba rakazara rerwizi rinotutira pachubhu yakanyura sebapiro rehydrofoil, ichimhanyisa raft kumusoro kumucheto kwayo kudzamara yatsveta 180 madhigirii yakatarisa pasi (kana kunamira raft rakafuratira padombo mukuputira zvachose). 3. **Iyo "HIGH-SIDE" Counter-Move **: - Pakarepo mutungamiriri anoshevedzera "KUPEDZISIRA SIDE" (zvichireva divi rechikepe chiri kukwira **KUKUKA kukwira mudenga **, iyo inogara iri chubhu inobata dombo kana nzvimbo yakadzika yemasaisai), munhu wese ari muchikepe anofanira kubva aregedza huremu hwakaderera kumusoro kwemvura uye kukanda huremu hwemuviri wavo wese mhiri kwechikepe panzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo. - Nekututira mazana matatu kusvika kumazana mashanu makirogiramu (660 kusvika 1,100 makirogiramu) ehuremu hwemuviri wemunhu pachubhu yakakwira padombo, unosundidzira chubhu yakaderera kumusoro * kuusoro kwepamusoro pemvura ** kuitira kuti ikozvino ipfuure pasi pechikepe uye inotsvedza puranga zvisina njodzi ichitenderedza dombo.

2. Kutiza kubva Pasi peRaft Yakaputsika, Cataraft, kana Oar Frame¶

Kana iyo yepamusoro-side ikakundikana uye raft inobhururuka pamusoro pako: - Hazard A (Oar Frames, Rowing Towers, Coolers, uye Loose Straps): - Pachitsiko chegiya chakavharirwa giya kana kuti cataraft ine simbi aruminiyamu furemu, 2.7-mita (9-fiti) makwairi, mabhokisi akaomeswa, uye cam straps, furemu yesimbi inorembera ** yakatarisa pasi pasi pemvura** kana chikepe chichizungunuka. - Sezvo chikepe chichienda pamusoro, sunga chirebvu chako, chengetedza musoro wako mukati mengowani yako, uye ** sunda kunze kwepakati yekukwasva furemu ** kuitira kuti mabhanhire ako ePFD kana makumbo asabate pakati pechitsiko chetsoka uye inotonhorera gomo. - Njodzi B (Iyo Kusveta / Mhepo-Pocket Trap pasi peSelf-Bailing Rafts): - Pasi peyakajairwa paddle raft, iyo yakayambuka ** inokanganisa machubhu ** inogadzira maviri kana matatu akapatsanurwa rectangular bays pasi pevhu. - Usaedze kunyura wakananga pasi mamita maviri (6.5 tsoka) wakananga kurwizi rune matombo kuti ubve pasi pechikepe; mumawere asina kudzika ane matombo, kunyura kwakadzika kunorovera mabvi, chiso, kana ngowani yakananga mumatombo akanyura apo raft inofamba pamusoro pako. - Pane kudaro, ** gara wakatarisana nechepazasi pe raft uriri **, sundidzira zvanza zvose zviri zviviri zvakadzika pamusoro pesirin'i yerabha pamusoro pemusoro wako, tarisa ku ** chiedza chakajeka kumusoro kwerwizi kana kudivi risingavharike **, uye ** kufamba-maoko ("tsoko-kambaira") nechemberi ** pasi pechubhu huru yekunze kusvikira musoro wako wabvisa perimita chubhu.

3. Packraft Capsize Bailout: Kutiza Spraydecks, Chidya Straps, uye Bow Bag¶

Kusiyana nemafambiro ekutengeserana akazaruka apo vafambi vanowira kunze vakasununguka kana chikepe chadonha, backcountry ** packraft ** ine ** whitewater spraydeck (cruiser deck) uye zvemukati 4-point kana 2-point tambo dzehudyu ** inobata muviri wako wezasi mukati mechikepe wakatsikitsira pasi kusvikira waita nemaune emvura kubuda: 1. ** Usati Wapinda Chero Kukurumidza (Pre-Drop Cockpit Check): - Wona kuti Spraydeck Grab Loop yako (mubato wakatsvuka kana yeyero webhangi kumberi kweVelcro/combing siketi) wakanamatira KUNZE pamusoro pedheki, hauna kumboiswa pasi pausingauwane wakatsikitsira pasi mumvura inotonhora. - Kana ukashandisa zvemukati tambo dzechidya **, simbisa kuti dzakabirwa ku **Iyo-Point Inokurumidza-Kuburitsa Buckle ** iri pakati pemakumbo ako (kana kuti ibvi rako rinogona kutsvedzerera mukati kunze kwetambo yakavhurika-hoko chidya mumasekonzi 0.5 usina kubata bhandi). 2. **Nhanhoe-NhanhPakiti Yekunyorova Inobuda Pasi Pvura**: - Nhanho A (Usazembere; Tuck Mberi): Pakarepo paki yako yatsvza yakatarisa pasi, zembera mutumbi wako nehuma **mberi kumabvi ako ** kudzivirira chiso chako nengani kubva kumatombo asina kudzika murwizi. - **Nhanho B varura Spraydeck Grab Loop Kumberi uye Kumusoro)**: Swedera kumberi uchitevedza zvidya zvako kuti ubate kumberi kwespraydeck loop uye kudhonzera kumberi/kukwirkusvuura siketi kubva parin'i inomonereka. - **Nhanho C (Sunungura Mmbo dzeChidya uye Push Off seKubvisa Mabhurugwa)**: Dhonza tambo yepakati pechidya chako nekukurumidza-kuburitsa toggle (kana kuunza mabvi ese pamwechete akananga pakati kuti asunungure kubva muhomwe dzehudyu dzakashama), isa maoko ese ari maviri pamachubhu epadivi padivi pehudyu yako, uye sundira chikepe mberi kubva pamakumbo ako. - ** Danho D (Chengetedza KusanganneBoat uye Paddle kuburikidza neHand Grip Chete)**: Kana musoro ko wangotarisana ne kumusoro kweruko rutivi rwepackraft, tora uta hwekubata loop muruoko rumwe uye shaft yako yepaddle mune imwe (usamboshandisa wrist kana ankle paddle leash mukufamba kwenzizi mafungu, sematavi akasvetwa padombo uye anobata dombo). Shambira pakiti rakapidiguka kuenda kueddy riri padyo, kana kurovera pakati perwizi Packraft Re-Entry: flip the lightweight 3.5-kilogram (7.7-pound) chikepe chakamira neruoko rumwe, dhonza chubhu yepadivi kuzasi kwemutsetse wemvura pachipfuva chako, kava zvine simba kuvhura dumbu rako nepakati peuriri senge kukwirisa makumbo mudhamu.

Chikamu Chechipiri: Kurudyira Raft Rafta Pakati peRwizi (The Flip Line / Belly Strap Technique)¶

Nzvimbo yakachengetedzeka yekuva pakati peKirasi III/IV yakareba inoomesa nechando ndeye **kudzokera mukati mechikepe chako chakamira **, kwete kushambira kwemamita 800 (2,600 tsoka) nemumagadheni ane matombo. Mutungamiriri ane ruzivo kana anokwasva anogona kutenderedza-pasi 4.3-mita (14-foot) raft ichidzokera mudenga mukati pasi pemasekonzi gumi nemashanu ichiyangarara nepakati perwizi:

          HOW TO FLIP AN OVERTURNED RAFT RIGHT-SIDE UP ("THE FLIP LINE")

                       [Rescuer Stands on Far Side Tube]
                              O   <-- Leans Straight Back Over the Water
                             /|\      Pulling Tight Flip Line Attached to
                              | \     Opposite Perimeter D-Ring
                             / \ \
       ======================   \ \======================
      (   Left Tube (Lifts)  )___\_\(  Right Tube (Pivot) )  <-- Overturned Raft
       ======================        ======================
     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ River Surface

1. ** Nhanho 1 (Kwira Pazasi Yakapidiguka Kutanga) **:
2. Svika kumusoro, tora perimita yeD-ring kana mutsara wekubata naironi uchitenderera kunze kwechubhu hombe, dhonza chipfuva chako pachubhu, uye kambaira pauriri hwakapidiguka hwerabha hwerabha.
3. Tarisa kuti hapana vaunoshanda navo vachiri kuvharirwa pasi peuriri, uye nekukurumidza batsira vanoshambira vari pedyo kukwira kuzasi kwerabha rakadzika newe.
4. Nhanho 2 (Rig the Flip Line / Belly Strap):
5. Bvisa yako ** Flip Line ** (a 3-kusvika-4-mita / 10-kusvika-13-tsoka-kureba kwe2.5-centimita / 1-inch tubular naironi webbing ine yekukiya carabiner yakachengetwa muhombodo yechiuno kana kuchekwa kuPFD yako) uye cheka karabiner mu ** padivi D-mhete mutsara padivi pemutsetse we grab.
6. (Kana ukasatakura Flip Line yakatsaurirwa, shandisa tambo yekupendi yeuta yererufu kana tambo yakasimba-yakasungwa necheni yakasungirirwa kune rimwe divi, usambofa wakazaruka wemamita makumi maviri ekukanda tambo yebhegi inomonerera tsoka dzako kana chikepe chanyungudika.)
7. Nhanho 3 (Mira paMhiripiri Tube wosendamira Kuseri Kudivi reKudzika Kwerwizi):
8. Famba uchiyambuka pasi rakapidiguka uchienda ku ** yakatarisana nechubhu ** (gara uchizvimisa wega kuitira kuti paunozendamira kumashure wowira mumvura, unowira pa ** kumusoro kwerwizi ** kudivi reraft kana kure nechero matombo ari kuuya).
9. Dyara makumbo ese ari maviri akasimba pakona yekunze kwechubhu iri pedyo, dhonza kuchinjika kwakasimba mumawoko maviri, uye remekedza huremu hwemuviri wako wese wakananga kumashure pakona ye45-degree kunze pamusoro pemvura sekurevera kubva kumawere.
10. Sezvo chubhu iri kure ichisimudza mudenga ichipfuura 90 madhigirii yakatwasuka, **regedza mutsara wobva wazvisundira kumashure / nedivi kure nechikepe ** (kana kuti tuck pasi pearch inosimuka) kuitira kuti iyo inorema raft chubhu irege kurova pasi pamusoro wako sezvainomhara kumusoro-kurudyi.
11. Nhanho 4 (PFD Shoulder-Strap Simudza Kudhonza Vashambira Vaneta Kudzokera Muchikepe):
12. Munhu anoshambira akanyorova akapfeka zvipfeko zvakazara mvura uye PFD haikwanise kuzvidhonza zviri nyore pamusoro pe50-centimita-kureba (20-inch-kureba) yakafukidzwa nerabha raft chubhu.
13. Kudhonzera munhu anoshambira kuti adzokere muraft mumasekonzi maviri:
    1. Shandura munhu anoshambira kuti ** kumashure kwavo kutarise raft chubhu ** (kana kutarisana-mukati kana vachikwanisa kukanda uye kubata chinotadzisa).
    2. Mira wakasungirirwa mukati me raft, bata ** mabhandi maviri epafudzi ePFD yekushambira ** zvakasimba nemaoko ako akatarisa mukati, taurira mushambi kuti ** "Kanda uye svetuka zvakadzika mumvura paTatu: 1, 2, 3" **, uye pa3, ** gara wakananga kumashure muzasi kwe raft **, uchishandisa makumbo ako uye kudonha shure. zvakanaka kumusoro uye pamusoro pechubhu yerabha inotsetseka sesaga reupfu.

Chikamu chechitatu: Kupukunyuka Inodzokorodza Whitewater Hydraulic ("Keeper Hole / Reversal")¶

Kusiyana nedhamu rakagadzirwa nemunhu rakadzika-musoro (iro rinotenderera rwizi rwese kubva kumahombekombe kuenda kubhangi nemadziro ekongiri), mvura yakachena yakasikwa ** Hydraulic ("Hole", "Stopper", kana "Keeper")** inoumba iyo mvura inodururwa pamusoro pedombo rakanyura kana sherufu, ichigadzira furo jena rekugezesa kumashure rinotenderera zvinhu pamusoro:

Chikamu chechina: Maitiro Ekuita Kununura-Bag Rekununura Pasina Kunyudza Akakuvara kana Iwe Iwe¶

A Kanda Bhegi (saga rakajeka reroni kana dzvuku renaironi rine 15 kusvika 23 metres / 50 kusvika 75 tsoka inoyangarara 8-to-9.5-millimeter / 0.31-to-0.37-inch polypropylene kana Dyneema-core tambo) ndiyo imwe chete yakakosha yekununura mvura yerwizi. Nekudaro, kuirasa kubva panzvimbo isiriyo kana kuisunga kunogona kushandura kununura kuita kunyura kaviri:

1. Panofanira Kumira Muponesi paShore (Downstream of the Hazard, Above a Clean Eddy)¶

1. Tarisa kuti munhu anotuhwina achazungaira papi kana tambo yaenda yakasimba (The Pendulum Path):
2. Kana munhu anoshambira akabata tambo yako pakati pe-channel, iyo yazvino inovatenderedza muhombe kota-denderedzwa arc (pendulum) ane radius yakaenzana nehurefu hwetambo kunze.
3. **Tarisa pendulum arc usati wakanda **: Kana paine muti wakadonhera pasi (strainer) kana kuti undercut rock pakati pemushahwi nebhanga riri zasi kwerwizi rwako, kukanda tambo kubva kumusoro kwemuti iwoyo pendulum mushahwiri akananga mumuti wakadonhera patambo yakasimba, achivapinza pasi pemvura paasingakwanise kutiza. Nguva dzose fambisa pasi pemvura yezvisefa kana kufamba mutsetse kuti uvatungamirire mune yakachena eddy.
4. Rescuer Stance & Hip Belay (USAFANIRA Kusunga):
5. Bata loop/kuguma kwetambo muruoko rwako rwekumusoro (isina kumboputirwa nechanza chako kana zvigunwe), pfuudza tambo kuseri kwemusana/hudyu (Hip Belay) saka kukwesha muchiuno kunobata mutoro, wokanda bhegi neruoko rwezasi kwerwizi uchishandisa ruoko rwepasi, overhand, kana sidearm kukanda kwakananga zvakananga kana 1 mita (3 feet) kumusoro kwemusoro wemutuhwi.
6. ** Danidzira kana kuridza imwe yakapinza kurira pamuridzo wako (1 Blast = "Attention / Look Here")** pakarepo usati wakanda saka munhu anotuhwina anotendeudza musoro wake oona tambo ichipfachukira pachipfuva chavo.
7. Maitiro ekukanda Kechipiri (Re-Throw) Kana Wapotsa:
8. Hauwanzova nemasekonzi makumi matanhatu ekuisa zvakare zvinhu mamita makumi maviri (mafiti makumi matanhatu) etambo kudzoka mubhegi diki renaironi mutuhwi asati ageza achitenderedza.
9. Pane kudaro, **monera tambo yakanyorova nekukasira muhombe, zvishwe zvakachena muruoko rwako rwusiri kukanda, tora hafu yelita yemvura yemurwizi mubhegi renaironi risina chinhu riri muruoko rwako kuti uremerwe uremu **, uye kanda bhegi rine huremu hwemvura kutanga wotevera hafu yechipiri gare gare nekukandira makoiri akazaruka kubva kune rumwe ruoko rwako (The Split-Coil Re-Throw)
10. ** Iyo "Vector Dhonza" Tekiniki yekumhanyisa Kushambira Mhiri kweEddy Mutsetse **:
11. Kana munhu anoshambira akarembera patambo yako yekukanda mune yakasimba ikozvino uye achizununguka zvishoma nezvishoma akananga kubhangi, mununuri wechipiri pamahombekombe anogona kubata pakati petambo yakasimba yekukanda uye ** dhonza nechemberi pa90-degree angle (Vector Pull)** kana kumhanya wakananga mukati memahombekombe egungwa, uchipeta sipidhi yemukati memunhu ari kushambira kuti avapindire pamutsara une mhirizhonga vasati vageza vachidzika nekudzika kwerukova.

2. Zvekuita Kana Raft "Rakaputirwa" Pachitenderedzwa dombo repakati peRwizi (Uye Makororo 3:1 Z-Drag)¶

Kana raft, igwa, kana cataraft ikaroverwa pakatarisana nedombo nekukurumidza: 1. Nzira vanhu vese padombo (kana kumahombekombe kuburikidza nebhegi rekukanda) KUTANGA ** usati wanetseka nezvechikepe. 2. ** Usambofa wasvika pasi pasi pasi pemvura yakadzika yeigwa rakaputirwa nemaoko kana makumbo asina maoko mvura ichidururwa pamusoro payo: kana chikepe chikachinja nemasendimita gumi (4 inches) padombo, chinogona kubata ruoko rwako kana gumbo ne1,000 kilograms (2,200 pounds) ye hydraulic force. 3. ** Mirira Kucheka Matapu kana Kubvisa Machubhu Kusvika Yadzikamiswa **: Usambofa wakacheka chubhu yerafu yakavhurika seyokutanga kuita; chubhu ine inflated inopa kunhuhwirira kwakakosha kana yapepetwa kubva padombo. Pane kudaro, batanidza tambo yekudzivirira pauta kana kumashure kutanga kuti chikepe chisagezeke Chisina kufambiswa kana changobuda chakasununguka, wobva wadhonza kubva kumahombekombe pa kumucheto kwepamusoro kana kumberi kweD-ring uchishandisa 3:1 Z-Dhonza mechanical advantage system: - Simbisa chipfuramabwe chakasimba chakatenderedza muti wakasimba pamahombekombe (Anchor) uye clip yekukiya carabiner uye Single Pull #1 . - Mhya tambo yako yekununura yakamira kubva ku Yakaputirwa Boat's Bow/ern D-Ring **, kuburikidza ** Pulley # 1 pamuti **, uye kudzoka kunze kwakananga kurwizi (The Haul Line) - Sunga Prusik hitch patambo huru inoenda kuchikepe, clip Pulley #2 muPrusik loop, wopinza muswe wekudhonza nemuPulley #2 kugadzira 3:1 mechanical advantage, uchiwedzera vanhu vatatu kumahombekombe kudhonzera kuita 700 kilograms (1,500 pounds) simba.

Mushure mekunge chero mvura inotonhora yashambira mumvura chena, pakarepo bvisa machira edonje akanyorova, pfeka mvere dzakaoma / murwi uye goko rinodzivirira mhepo, dyisa mashuga ane macalorie akawanda kana kudedera kuri kupfava, uye kurapa kutonhora uchishandisa yedu. wilderness hypothermia uye inotonhora yekurarama gwara.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Sei munhu anoshambira achitambira bhegi rekukanda akabata tambo pabendekete rake reUPSTREAM pachinzvimbo chebendekete rezasi?¶

Paunenge uchiyangarara nemusana tsoka dzako dzakanongedza kuzasi uye wakabata tambo yekununura yakasungwa yakasungwa kana kuti yakanyungudutswa kubva kumahombekombe erwizi, pakamira tambo pachipfuva chako inodzora kona yemuviri wako panguva ino (yako Ferry Angle) Kana tambo ikapfuura pamusoro pako kumusoro kwepfudzi (bendekete riri padyo nemuponesi ari pamahombekombe), kukakavadzana kunotenderedza musoro wako nemapendekete 45 madhigirii akananga kumahombekombe, zvichibvumira rwizi rwazvino kuti rusundire parutivi rwako uye kukubhururuka zvakanaka uchiyambuka rwizi uchipinda mumhenderekedzo yakadzikama. Kana ukabata tambo pamusoro pako zasi kwerwizi bendekete, yazvino inobata divi risiri remuviri wako uye nekukuendesa kunze mukati merwizi uku ichikukungurutsa wakatarisa pasi mumvura.

Sei usingambofaniri kubata bhegi renylon pamagumo etambo yekukanda?¶

Kana muponesi akakanda bhegi remamita makumi maviri (mamita makumi matanhatu neshanu) rekukanda mhiri kwerwizi, bhegi renaironi riri kumagumo richine tambo yasara isina kumonererwa mukati maro. Kana ukabata bhegi renaironi pacharo pane kubata tambo yeyero iri kumusoro kwebhegi, tambo yasara inoramba ichibhadhara kubva mumuromo mebhegi kwemamita akati wandei iwe uchitsvairwa uchidzika nekudzika, uye bhegi rakanyorova renaironi rinobvarura zviri nyore kubva paminwe inotonhora kana kuguma kwemutsara kunobva kwadambuka. Gara uchibata tambo pachayo nemaoko maviri pachipfuva chako.

Zvakachengeteka here kupfeka bhegi paunenge uchirongedza, kana kusungirira bhegi kumucheto wepakiti?¶

Usambofa wakapfeka bhegi pamapfudzi ako uchikwesha packraft pamvura inofamba kana whitewater. Kana iwe ukapetuka wakapfeka bhegi, paki inobata pasi pemvura ikozvino, inoparadza kugona kwako kukunguruka kana kushambira muDefensive Swimming Position, snags pamatombo akanyura kana ma strainer, uye inoverengera kukwira kumusoro kwePersonal Flotation Device (PFD) kusunda chiso chako pasi pemvura. Gara uchichengeta giya rako mukati mepackraft yemukati zippered hull tubes (Cargo Fly / TiZip) kana kurovera paki yakavharwa zvakachengetedzeka uye zvakasimba kune dhizaini ine zero yakarembera tambo miswe.

Ko muridzo wepasi rose wemvura chena nemasaini zvinorevei panguva yenjodzi yerwizi?¶

Pasi pepasi rose International Rafting Federation (`IRF`) uye American Canoe Association (`ACA`) swiftwater zviratidzo: Imwe muridzo zvinoreva "Attention / Tarisai nenzira iyi"; Kuridza muridzo katatu kureva "EMERGENCY / Rubatsiro runodiwa nekukurumidza". Pazviratidzi zvemaoko/zvikwasha: kubata chikwashi kana ruoko yakatwasuka zvinoreva "Zvose zvakajeka / Zvakachengeteka kuenderera mberi / Tevera mutsara uyu"; kuvheyesa chirauro kana maoko yakatwasuka pamusoro kubva kune rimwe divi kuenda kune rimwe divi zvinoreva "MIRA / Njodzi pamberi / Eddy kunze pakarepo"; uye kunongedza chirauro kana ruoko diagonally pa45-degree angle inonongedza kune kwakachengeteka nzira kana divi rerwizi kutora (usambofa wakanongedza njodzi pachayo; gara uchinongedza nzira yakanaka yakachengeteka).

Kwatariswa¶

• American Whitewater (AW) National Accident Database & Safety Code yeAmerican Whitewater: Ongororo yeWhitewater Rafting, Kayaking, uye Packrafting Fatalities, Entrapment Mechanics, uye Rescue Protocols.
• American Canoe Association (ACA) & Rescue 3 International: Swiftwater Rescue Technician (SRT) Manual: Throw-Bag Belay Mechanics, Raft Flip Recovery, uye Hydraulic Hole Escape.
• International Rafting Federation (IRF): Dhidhiyo Yekudzidzisa & Dzidzo (GTE) Maitiro: High-Siding, Flip Line Techniques, Whistle/Hand Signals, uye Yakaputirwa Boat Stabilization.
• American Packrafting Association (APA): *Packraft Safety Guidelines: Chidya-Strap Quick-Release Systems, Clean Boat Rigging, uye Cold-Water Immersion Protection *.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Kuyambuka nzizi dzeSwiftwater, kuvharika kwetsoka, mastrainer, uye madhamu ane musoro wakaderera
• Boating capsizing uye kupona kwemvura inotonhora
• Gungwa kayak uye paddleboard offshore mhepo inoputika kupona
• Wilderness hypothermia, kunyorova-kutonhora kuneta, uye kudziya zvakare
• Kunyura: kununura mvura uye kumutsiridza
• Nhamba dzenjodzi nenyika