Fog Inotonhora, Bridge Deck Black Ice, uye Sudden Road Glazing¶

Mhute inotonhora uye kupenya kwebhiriji kupenya ndedzimwe dzenguva dzechando dzinonyengera dzemamiriro ekunze chero mutyairi angasangana nazvo. Kusiyana nemadutu echando kana kunaya kwemvura, uko kunaya kwemvura kunokupa kujeka kwekuona kuti uderedze kumhanya, mhute inotonhora inoumbwa nemadonhwe emvura emvura akarembera akarembera mumhepo akatodonha pasi pe0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Aya madonhwe akatonhodzwa zvikuru anoramba ari mvura paanenge achiyangarara mumhepo yakadzikama, asi pakarepo paanobata nzvimbo yakasimba senge yakakwira zambuko dhizaini, mugwagwa weasphalt, simbi inorinda, kana mhepo inofamba, anopenya-chando muinoenderera, pepa rakajeka rechando chechando kana opaque rime ice.

Mukati maminetsi, mugwagwa mukuru unoratidzika kunge wakaoma kana kunyorova unogona kurasikirwa ne80 muzana yekudhonza kwevhiri ukuwo kuoneka kunodonha pasi pemamita makumi mashanu (165 tsoka). Nekuda kwekuti mabhiriji akasimudzwa nepamusoro pemigwagwa mikuru anovhenekerwa nemhepo inotonhora pamusoro penzira dzekufamba uye nepasi pemagidhi, anoomesa nechando 30 kusvika 90 maminetsi mibhedha yevhu isati yaita. Kuziva nzira yekuziva mhute yakanyungudika matayi ako asati ayambuka bhiriji rekuwedzera rejoinhi, maitiro ekudzivirira yako wipers yemhepo uye radar sensors kubva kune icing pamusoro pepakati dhiraivha, maitiro ekudzoreredza kubva pabhiriji dhizaini skid pasina kubata mabhureki, uye nzira yekurarama murwi wemhute yemotokari yakawanda inoponesa hupenyu.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. Kanzura cruise control uye adaptive sipidhi yekudzora nekukasika uchishandisa bhatani rechidhiraivho. Usambofa wakabaya bhureki kuti usabvisa cruise control paunopinda mhute pane tembiricha iri pedyo kana pasi pe4 degrees Celsius (40 degrees Fahrenheit). Kudzvanya mabhureki padhizaini yebhiriji rinopenya kana kumisa mavhiri emberi, uku uchisiya cruise control ichishanda kunoita kuti komputa yemotokari ishandise kamwe kamwe torque kana vhiri rekutyaira rikatsvedza paaizi nhema.
2. Nyoresa tsoka yako zvakanaka kubva pane accelerator usati wayambuka chero zambuko, overpass, kana mugwagwa wakakwirira. Redesa sipidhi yako pamugwagwa wevhu uripo apo matai ako akabatwa. Kana mavhiri ako achinge ayambuka pajoinhi yesimbi yedheki yebhiriji, bata chidhiraivho chafa chakatwasuka, bvisa tsoka dzako pabhureki nemapedhi egasi, wobva wafamba zvakanaka uchiyambuka span.
3. Batidza marambi ako ane mwenje wakadzikira, marambi emhute ekumberi, uye mwenje wekumashure nekumashure nekukurumidza. Usambofa washandisa mwenje wemwenje wepamusoro-soro mumhute inotonhora, nekuti mwenje unoenda kumusoro unoratidza madonhwe akarembera uye unopofumadza madziro machena ekupenya. Usavimbe nemwenje yeatomatiki yemasikati, iyo inowanzosiya mwenje yako yekumashure yakasviba zvachose muhute.
4. Gadzirisa girazi rekuvhara mhepo yako kusvika pamhepo inodziya zvakanyanya uye dzima kutenderera kwemhepo kwekabhini. Madonhwe emhute akatonhodzwa zvikuru anoomesa kana asangana negirazi rekuchengetedza rinotonhora, ogadzira kupenya kwepakarepo pahwindo rako uye kuvhara mawiper mashizha ako muaizi yakaoma. Nangisa kupisa kuzere pagirazi wopwanya hwindo rekudivi nemamirimita mashanu (0.2 inches) kuti uchenese unyoro hwemukati uye teerera kune kubondera kumberi.
5. Nyora zvakatsetseka uchienda kwaunenge uchitsvedza uye usamborovera mabhureki. Kana matai ako ekumashure akadonha padheki yebhiriji rinopenya, maziso ako ngaarambe akatarira kuzasi kwepakati penzira yaunonanga uye shandura chidhiraivho zvakanaka nenzira imwe chete iyo motokari irikutsvedza. Kana siraidhi ikaramba ichienderera mberi, chinja uchienda kuNeutral kana kudzvanya clutch pedal pasi kuti ubvise injini yekudhonza uye regenerative braking.
6. Buda mumugwagwa unotevera parambu, nzvimbo yekuzororera, kana nzvimbo yebasa. mhute inotonhora nedeki yebhiriji mazaya echando haawanzokanganisa nhambo imwe chete; kana imwe mhiri yakapenya pamusoro, zambuko rega rega, dombo rakatemwa, uye rwizi mupata viaduct kumberi kune inoshanda ice trap. Kana iwe uri kubatanidzwa muku spinout kana kubonderana, chengetedza bhandi rako rechigaro mukati memotokari yako uye fonera nhamba yako yenzvimbo yechimbichimbi (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom) kana tarisa. nhamba dze emergency.

Iyo yemhepo fizikisi yehute inotonhora, rime ice, uye dema ice ice¶

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoshamisika kuziva kuti mhute yemvura inogona kuvapo kana tembiricha yemhepo iri minus 5 degrees Celsius (23 degrees Fahrenheit) kana kutobvisa 15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita madonhwe emvura anotonhorera kunotsanangura kuti sei mhute inotonhora ichinyanya kunyengera kupfuura mhute yakanyorova kana sinou yehupfu yakaoma.

flowchart TD
    A["Kutyaira Mumhute kana Mumhute Pazasi 4 C (40 F)"] --> B{"Tarisa Side Mirrors, Antenna, uye Road Spray"}
    B -->|"Matai anokwenya pfapfaidzo yemvura uye magirazi anonyorova"| C["Liquid Fog: Batidza matanda akaderera, kaviri kutevera gap kusvika 6+ masekondi"]
    B -->|"Ice crust pamagirazi/wipers OR zero tire sprayed pamberi"| D["IKUSIMUDZA FOG & DEMA AICE INOITA"]
    D --> E["Kanzura cruise control nebhatani, shandura defrost kusvika kumusoro, dzikamisa munzira yevhu"]
    E --> F{"Kusvika paBridge Deck, Overpass, kana Rwizi Viaduct?"}
    F -->|"Ehe"| G["Pedzisa zvose braking PAMBERI zambuko joint; mahombekombe akananga mhiri ne zero pedal input"]
    F -->|"Kwete: Mumugwagwa wakashama"| H["Wedzera gap rinotevera kusvika ku10 kusvika ku12 seconds; tarisa mitsetse yenzira kumucheto kwekurudyi"]
    G --> I{"Motokari inotanga kusvetuka pachando chechando here?"}
    H --> I
    I -->|"Aihwa"| J["Buda mumugwagwa mukuru pane inotevera nzira yakachengeteka uye mirira kudziya kwezuva kana marori emunyu"]
    I -->|"Hongu: Oversteer kana Understeer"| K["Gara kure nemabhureki, tarisa nzira yakavhurika, fambisa zvakanaka uchitsvedza, chinja kune Neutral"]
    K --> J

Madonhwe emvura akanyanya kutonhorera anopenya-anotonhora pakubata¶

(Gulf of Mexico)

Kana aya madonhwe emvura akanyungudika paanorova chinhu chakasimba, senge dhiriji rekongiri, mutsetse wemugwagwa wakapendwa, chiratidzo chemugwagwa wealuminium, kana kumucheto kwemotokari yako, kudhumhana kwemagetsi kunokanganisa kushushikana kwepasi uye kunopa nucleation ipapo ipapo. Droplet inotonhora muchidimbu chesekondi, ichiburitsa kupisa kwakadzikama kwekusanganiswa uye kusungirirana zvakasimba kune inotonhora substrate.

Glaze ice (black ice) inopesana ne rime ice deposit nzira¶

Zvichienderana nesaizi yedonhwe, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye kuti pazasi pechando mugwagwa unogara sei, mhute inotonhora inoburitsa maviri akasiyana maumbirwo echando ayo mutyairi wese wechando anofanira kuziva:

Nei madhiriji ebhiriji uye overpasses achiomesa 30 kusvika 90 maminetsi pamberi pemigwagwa yevhu¶

Chiratidzo cheyambiro padivi pemugwagwa chinoverenga "Bridge Ices Pamberi peMugwagwa" chakavakirwa mukupisa kupisa fizikisi:

1. Kushaikwa kwegeothermal ground insulation: Migwagwa mikuru yakajairwa inogara pavhu rakamanikana uye pasi rakadzika. Ivhu iro rinoita sedhiza rinopisa rinoendesa kudziya kumusoro muasphalt, kunonoka kutonhora kana tembiricha yemhepo yadonha.
2. Mashanu-mativi anotonhorera anotonhorera pamabhiriji: Iyo yakakwira bhiriji deki kana viaduct ine zero pasi pasi payo. Mhepo yechando iri pasi-inotonhora uye mhute inotonhora inotenderera pamusoro pekutyaira pamusoro, pamwe chete nemadziro ekunze ekongiri, uye yakananga kuyambuka simbi yakashama kana magidhi ekutsigira kongiri pasi. Kupisa kunotiza kubva kumusoro nepasi kweslab kune kanopfuura kaviri mwero wemugwagwa wepasi.
3. Thermal conductivity of structural simbi uye kongiri: Bridge decks yakavakwa kubva yakasimbiswa kongiri kana simbi orthotropic plates anoendesa kupisa kure nekukurumidza kupfuura rima asphalt. Kunyangwe mugwagwa mukuru wevhu unokwidza kubhiriji ukaita 2 madhigirii celsius (35.6 madhigirii Fahrenheit) uye wakanyorova, dhigirii rakarembera remamita gumi (mamita makumi matatu) mberi rinogona kugara paminus 3 madhigirii (26.6 madhigirii Fahrenheit) akaputirwa muchando chinopenya.
4. Iyo yekuwedzera yejoint mechanical trap: Bhiriji rega rega rine majoini eminwe yesimbi kana tambo dzekuwedzera dzakagadzirwa nerabha kumagumo ese apo mugwagwa unosangana nepakamiswa. Aya mahwendefa asina simbi anotonhora kare kare. Kana mutyairi ari kutendeuka zvishoma kana kumhanyisa apo matai avo akayambuka pajoinhi rekuwedzera, kudonha kwakaerekana kwekupokana pakati peasphalt nesimbi yechando kunogona kurovera mota parutivi pakarepo.

Zviratidzo zvitanhatu zvekutanga zvinoratidza kuti mhute iri kupisa mumugwagwa¶

Nekuda kwekuti dashboard thermometer yemota yako inoyera tembiricha yemhepo mukati menzvimbo yegrille yekumberi kwete tembiricha chaiyo yepavhu, unofanirwa kushandisa zviratidzo zvekunze kuti uone kupenya kwemugwagwa usati wada kubhureki kana kudhiraivha.

• ** Minhenga chena rime yakavakwa padivi pegirazi redzimba uye redhiyo whip antenna:** Tarisa kumberi kwepurasitiki kumucheto kwekunze kwemagirazi ekumashure maminetsi maviri ega ega paunenge uchityaira mumhute inotonhora. Kana iwe ukaona yakakasharara, ine chando mutsetse muchena kana translucent ice lip kuvaka pagirazi kumucheto, supercooled madonhwe ari kushanda nechando pakubata.
• Matairi ari mberi anomira kusimudza mhute yemvura: Mumhute isingatonhorere, matai emotokari nemarori ari mberi anobudisa mvura isina kusimba, inongoramba ichifefeterwa. Kana mugwagwa uchiri kutaridzika kusviba uye kupenya pasi pemwenje, asi matai ari mberi anongoerekana akunguruka ne zero pfapfaidzo kana mhute shure kwavo, mwando mumugwagwa wakavharira muchando nhema; maona flash freeze uye dema ice kutyaira.
• Mawiper blades anotanga kutaura, kupuruzira, kana kusimudza girazi: Kana mhute yakanyanyisa kutonhora ikarova simbi kana mahinji epurasitiki emagetsi ako ekupukuta negirazi remhepo, aizi inokiya majoini anochinjika akaomarara kuitira kuti blade yerabha isakwanise kuenderana negokora remhepo. Panzvimbo pekupukuta zvakachena, blade inosvetuka girazi uye kuzora firimu rine mukaka remhute yakaomeswa nemutsetse wako wekuona.
• Yambiro yeDashboard yekuti "Forward Collision Warning / Adaptive Cruise Sensor Disabled": Mota dzemazuvano dzinoisa mamilimita-wave radar sensors kuseri kwechiratidzo chegrille uye makamera anopenya kuseri kwegirazi remhepo. Mhute inotonhora inovaka 2-kusvika-5-millimeter (0.08-to-0.2-inch) goko rechando rerime kuyambuka mhino huru yepamberi mukati memaminetsi, ichivharira radar danda uye kukonzeresa sensor fault chime pane chako chiridzwa cluster. Iyo chime inyevero isingakanganisike yekuti mota yako iri kuunganidza aizi.
• Frost plumes padivi pemugwagwa cheni-link fenzi, waya dzekushandisa, uye mapango ekurinda: Tarisa masimbi eW-beam ekurinda nemapango emamaira pabendekete. Kana zvikaita sezvisina kujeka, zvichena zvechalky, kana zvakaputirwa netsono dzeaizi dzisina kusimba dzakanongedza kumhepo, madhiri ebhiriji ari mberi anopenya.
• Kunyarara kwakangoerekana kwaitika muruzha rwemumugwagwa wekabhini: Kana matai ako achikunguruka kubva pakunyorova kweasphalt achienda pashizha remhute inotonhora, ruzha rwakadzikama rwemadonhwe emvura ari kuyerera mukati memavhiri rinobva rabuda.

Nhanho-ne-nhanho yekutyaira matekiniki ekuomesa nechando mhute uye mabhiriji decks¶

Kutyaira wakachengeteka kuburikidza nemukoto unotonhora wemhute kunoda kupatsanura pese pese pese pese pakutyaira kuti usazobvunza matai ako kuti abhureki, akurumidze uye atendeuke panguva imwe chete.

1. Kugadzirisa mwenje wemotokari uye kuoneka mu sub-zero fog¶

Kuonekwa mumhute yakaomarara inotonhora inogara ichidonha pasi pe100 metres (330 tsoka) uye inogona kunyura pasi pemamita gumi nemashanu (mafiti makumi mashanu) mumipata yenzizi nemabheseni emaindasitiri:

• Chinja maraiti emberi nemaoko kubva ku "Auto" kuenda ku"Low Beam ON": Mota zhinji 'otomatiki magetsi masensa anoona mhute chena inopenya masikati kana manheru uye mwenje mukuru udzime, uchidzima marambi emberi asina simba chete masikati achisiya mwenje yako yekumashure isina kuvhenekwa zvachose. Shandura mwenje wemwenje wemuviri kuLow Beam ON chinzvimbo kuti trailing traffic ione malights ako asati arova bumper yako yekumashure.
• ** Batanidza marambi emhute emberi uye mwenje wefog wekumashure (paune akashongedzerwa):** Mwenje wemhute wekumberi unogara pasi pabhampa uye gadzira danda rakafara, rakati sandara pasi pedhiza rekuvhenekera kumucheto kwemugwagwa wakapendwa usingadzokeri mumaziso ako. KuEurope, United Kingdom, uye pamotokari zhinji dzinotengwa kunze kwenyika pasi rose, batidza rear fog light yako kana kuoneka kunodzika pasi pe100 metres (330 feet), wobva waidzima kana kuoneka kwaita zvakanaka kuti usazodzedzeresa vatyairi varikumashure kwako.
• ** Usambofa washandisa marambi akakwirira:** Mwenje wepamusoro-soro unopenya kumusoro nekona yakaenzana mumadonhwe emhute akarembera, achiparadzira mwenje uchidzokera kumashure muretinas (backscatter glare) uye kucheka chinhambwe chako chekuona nepakati.
• Tevedza mutsara wekumucheto wekurudyi (kana mutsara wekumucheto wekuruboshwe munyika dzemigwagwa yekuruboshwe) kwete mutsetse wepakati: Kana marambi anouya achipenya nemumhute inotonhora, kutarisisa mutsetse wepakati unoparadza chiratidzo chako chekusiyanisa uye kunokwevera chidhiraivho chako kunzira iri kuuya. Tarisa maziso ako zvishoma pasi uchitevedza tambo yefog yekunze yakapendwa kana curbside reflector posts kuitira kuti motokari yako irambe iri munzira yayo.

2. Nzira yekuyambuka dheki yebhiriji yechando kana kupfuura zvakachengeteka¶

Pese paunoona bhiriji rakaputika, chikwangwani chemumugwagwa mukuru, kana rukova ruchiyambuka pamberi panguva yemhute inotonhora kana kutonhora kuri pedyo nechando, gadzira iyi nhanho ina dzekuyambuka zambuko:

1. Dzokerai pamubhedhi wevhu pamberi pebhiriji: Pedzisa 100 muzana yekumisa mabhureki ako nekudzikisa kumhanya uku matayi mana achiri kuumburuka mumugwagwa mukuru unotsigirwa nepasi 150 kusvika 300 metres (500 kusvika 1,000 tsoka) bhiriji risati rasvika pa slab.
2. Gadzirisa mavhiri ako pamberi pejoinhi rekuwedzera rekutanga: Kana zambuko rikagara pamukombero, misa tsinga yakapfava, inogara yakatsetseka ine radius yakapamhama matai ako ekumberi asati ayambuka simbi yekuwedzera, uye dzivisa kuita magadzirirwo anongoerekana aitwa pakati penguva.
3. ** Mhenderekedzo ine kwayakarerekera kana minhenga-yechiedza throttle:** Paunoyambuka dhizaini yebhiriji, chengetedza tsoka yako kubva pabhureki pedal uye chero pamhenderekedzo ine zero throttle kana kubata inongokwana minhenga-yechiedza gasi pedal pressure kuti ienderane nekumhanya kwako kuti mavhiri ekutyaira asasundire kana kudhonzera pachando.
4. Usafe wakachinja nzira padhizaini yebhiriji: Mutsetse wakasimudzwa wematope akaomeswa nechando, mazaya echando, uye zvinoratidzira zvinoratidzira zvepurasitiki pakati pemigwagwa mikuru zvinoita kunge tripwire pazambuko rine chando. Gara wakatarisa munzira imwe chete kusvikira matai mana ayambuka nzvimbo yekuwedzera yadzokera pamubhedha wevhu.

3. Kudzivirira windshield uye headlight kuomesa-pamusoro paunenge uchifamba¶

Mumhute inotonhora yakaoma, madonhwe epamusoro anogona kupfekedza windshield yako nekukurumidza kupfuura yakajairwa wiper fluid inogona kuibvisa:

• Bvisa girazi remberi rinobvisa chando pakunyanya tembiricha uye kumhanya kwakanyanya kwefani: Chengetedza nzvimbo yegirazi ichidziya zvekusvika madonhwe emhute akatonhorereka anyunguduke kana zvakanganiswa kwete kutonhora mubepa rinopenya.
• DIMA bhatani remhepo rekuti "Recirculate": Mhepo inotenderedza kabhini inoteya mweya unodziya, wakanyorova wemutyairi nevafambi vari mukati memotokari, zvichiita kuti mukati memhepo inotonhora iite mhute kana kurova nechando apo kunze kuine aizi yemhute inotonhora. Gara uchidhonza mweya mutsva wekunze neA/C compressor inoshanda (inobvisa humidity mweya usati waipisa).
• USASAYERA zhizha kana mvura isina simba yekuwachisa pamhepo pazasi-zero pamhepo nekumhanya kwemugwagwa: Kana dura rako riine mvura kana yezhizha mvura yekugezesa tsikidzi ine mwero kusvika 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit), uchimwaya pamhepo inotonhora nemhepo mumhute inotonhora inofukidza ipapo girazi rose muaizi ye50 km/h pashizha rakasimba reaizi. Gara uzadza dura rako chando chisati chasvika ne minus 30°C to minus 40°C (kubvisa 22°F kusvika kubvisa 40°F) de-icing methanol kana propylene glycol washer fluid.
• Tarisa marambi e LED akadzimwa panomira peturu: Kusiyana nemagirobhu ekare ehalogen aipisa zvakanyanya uye ainyungudusa aizi kubva palenzi remberi, zvemazuva ano **Marambi e LED anotonhorera kusvika pakubatwa **. Mumhute inotonhora kana kuti rime icing, goko rechando chakachena cherime ice inogona kuvaka pamusoro pemalenzi emwenje e LED mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu ekutyaira mumugwagwa, ichicheka kuvhenekera kwako kumberi ne70 muzana. Mira munzvimbo yekupaka yakachengeteka yekukwenya uye de-aizi LED headlight lenzi uye mwenje yemuswe.

Skid kudzoreredza pane glazed bridge decks uye curved flyovers¶

Kunyangwe vatyairi vakangwarira vanogona kurova pepa risingatarisirwe reaizi inopenya pamugwagwa wepamusoro wemugwagwa kana bhiriji rerwizi. Mafambisiro aunoita maoko ako netsoka mumasekonzi 1.5 ekutanga anotarisisa kuti unotsvedza wakananga kune rimwe divi here kana kutenderera mukati mebhiriji parapet.

Nzira yekurarama sei nechando mhute yakawanda-yemotokari mikuru nzira¶

Dzimwe dzenjodzi dzemumigwagwa dzakanyanya kuuraya munhoroondo, dzinosanganisira makumi mashanu kusvika kumotokari dzinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu mumutsara mumwe chete, dzinoitika kana bhanga rakasvibira ** mhute inotonhora ** kana ** mhute yepamusoro ** inomhara pazambuko repakati kana rwizi nzira mambakwedza. Vatyairi vanopinda mumadziro machena pa100 kusvika 120 km/h (62 kusvika 75 mph), vaona panguva imwe cheteyo kuti havakwanise kuona kupfuura hood yavo uye kuti mugwagwa uri pasi pemhute ichando chakasimba nhema, uye inotsvedza mumutsara wakamira pamberi.

Chii chinonzi "super-fog" uye nei ichigadzira pedyo nenzvimbo dzine mvura uye inopisa moto?¶

Vanodzidza nezvemamiriro ekunze vanotsanangura super-fog semusanganiswa weutsi uripo, kupfuta, uye mhute yemvura inotonhorera inoderedza kuoneka kwakachinjika kusvika pasi pemamita matatu (mafiti gumi). Kana zvinhu zvakanyoroveswa zveorganic (senge peat inopfungaira, kutsva kweminda yekurima, mirwi yemasango, kana mapombi emumaindasitiri) zvinoburitsa matiririyoni ehuropi husingaonekwi mumupata unotonhora wehusiku humwe, mhute yemvura inomonereka ichitenderedza chiutsi chega chega. Kana tembiricha ichidzika pasi pechando, iyi mhute yepamusoro-soro inoisa gobvu, girizi dema chando chakapinzwa nesoot pamharadzano yemugwagwa mukuru uku ichidonhedza kuoneka kusvika zero zvachose mukati menguva yemamita makumi mashanu (165 tsoka).

Nhanho-ne-nhanho yekupona protocol kana ukasangana nemadziro emhute kana murwi kumberi¶

1. Shandisa acoustic awareness nekutsemura hwindo remutyairi wako: Kana kuonekwa kwadzika pasi pe50 metres (165 feet) mumhute inotonhora, dzikisa hwindo remutyairi wako pasi 1 kusvika 2 centimita (0.5 kusvika 1 inch) uye dzima redhiyo. Mumhute yakakora,unonzwa kurira kwemabhureki emhepo, simbi inopwanya, uye kurira kwehwamanda kwemurwi 300 kusvika 500 metres (1,000 kusvika 1,650 tsoka) mberi usati waona mwenje weshure kuburikidza nekuchena.
2. Usafe wakamira munzira yekufambisa inoshanda kana usina kuvharwa: Kana ukavhiringidzwa nemhute yakaomarara, usamise motokari yako pakati pemugwagwa mukuru. Ramba uchifamba zvishoma nezvishoma uchitungamira mutsara werudyi-wakapendirwa kumucheto kusvikira wagona kudhonza zvachose kubva mumugwagwa mukuru uchienda panzira yekubuda nayo, kuzorora, kana kure kure nebendekete rakarongwa kuseri kweridhirail.
3. Kana ukadhonzera pabendekete, VIMA mwenje wemberi wobvisa tsoka yako painotsika mabhureki: Mumhute inopofomadza, vatyairi vanosvika vanotambura nemoth effect (target fixation): vanokiya malights matsvuku anopenya kana mabhureki emotokari yakamira papfudzi, vofunga kuti mota iri kutyaira munzira yakananga kumashure. Kana ukamanikidzwa kumira kure nemugwagwa mumhute yakakora, chinja muPaki, isa mabhureki ekupaka, ** bvisa tsoka yako paservice brake pedal**, dzima marambi ako makuru, uye siya chete ** yako-nzira ina amber hazard flasher ** ichipuruzira.
4. Kana murwi ukavhara mugwagwa urikumberi, tungamira wakananga kunze kwebendekete rakapfava, muchando, kana huswa hwepakati usati wabata: Usatsvedza wakananga kumashure kwekaravhani yakamira semi-truck, uko kunokanganisa kwepasi kunotyisa. Tarisa pakona isina kudzika wakananga kumugero wekunze une huswa, mutsetse wechando wakapfava, kana tambo inodzivirira kukwesha simba rekinetic kunze kwenzira huru panotsvedza marori anorema.
5. Ramba wakasungwa bhandi mukati memotokari yako kudzamara masaisai ekuparara apera, kana kuti buda nekupfuura neparairi revarindi kana hwindo rakachena riripo:
6. Kana mota dzichikurovera dzakakukomberedza kana kuti uri pabhiriji rakakwirira risina nzira yevanofamba netsoka: Chengeta bhandi rako rakakiyiwa zvakasimba, maoko ako ngaarambe ari pasi pavhiri (kuitira kuti bhegi remhepo rirege kukanda maoko ako kumeso), dzvanya kuseri kwemusoro wako zvakasimba kumberi kwemusoro, uye tarisa magirazi ako kudzamara traffic kumusoro kwerwizi yamira.
7. Kana mota yako ikazozorora kuseri chaiko kwemurwi wemhute mumugwagwa mukuru wepasi, pane gaka rakanyarara risina mwenje wemberi kana kurira kweinjini, uye dongo revhu rinogara kunze kwegonhi remutakuri wako: Sunungura munhu wese arimo nekukasira, siya mabhegi ese nemajasi kumashure, buda kunze kwedivi kure nemugwagwa unouya, kwira pamusoro pemarata arikuuya, kwira zvishoma pamusoro pemamita makumi mashanu, kwira pamusoro pemamita makumi mashanu. (mafiti 165) kukwira pamupendero wegomo UYE mamita zana (330 tsoka) kumusoro/kure nenzvimbo yakakoromoka **. Usambofa wakamira pakati pemabhampa emota dzabondera uye usambomira pabendekete rakarongwa.

Maitiro ekurapa makemikari emumugwagwa anotadza sei panguva yekutonhora kwemhute zviitiko¶

Vatyairi vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti kana vakaona rori yemunyu yekanzuru ichibata mugwagwa mukuru maawa maviri apfuura, madhiri ebhiriji akachengeteka kubva kuaizi nhema. Kunzwisisa kuti de-icing brines inonyungudika sei uye kusununguka zvakare kunodzivirira kuvimba kwenhema:

• Kucheneswa kwemvura nekuramba kuchiisa mhute: Mvura inonatswa isati yagadzirwa (kazhinji 23 percent sodium chloride kana magnesium chloride solution yakapfapfaidzwa nemitsara mitete pasi pemikoto) inoshanda nekudzikisa nzvimbo yekuomesa yemvura. Nekudaro, mhute inoomesa nechando kwenguva refu kana kudonhedza kwechando kunoramba kuchiisa hunyoro hutsva pamugwagwa. Kana munyu wanyunguduka pazasi pechikamu chakakosha, iyo yakanyungudutswa yebrine solution inongoerekana yaoma patembiricha inodziya zvakanyanya, ichigadzira firimu rinotsvedza rekemikari yakaomeswa nechando.
• Mhepo inovhuvhuta pamabhiriji akakwirira: Apo vashandi vomumugwagwa mukuru vanoparadzira matombo emunyu wakaoma pabhiriji repamusoro pamberi pechando, mafungu emhepo uye mhepo ine mhirizhonga inomuka yekupfuura marori ari 100 km/h (62 mph) inovhuvhuta inosvika 60 muzana yemakristaro emunyu akaoma asati asvika mugwara remvura.
• Kubvisa 9°C (15°F) sodium chloride cutoff: Pasi peminus 9 degrees Celsius (15 degrees Fahrenheit), munyu wakajairwa wedombo unowedzera kunonoka kudzivirira mhute yakatonhora zvikuru kuti isapenye pamusoro; maona madutu echando uye kutonhora kwakanyanya.

Gadziriro yemotokari isati yafamba kuitira mhute nechando corridors¶

Kana mafambiro ako ezuva nezuva kana echando achiyambuka mabhiriji enzizi, nzira dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa, mipata yemakomo, kana mabheseni ekurima angangoita mhute nechando, gadzirira mota yako usati wabuda munzira:

• Isai Matayi echando-Yepamusoro-soro Matatu (3PMSF) echando kana kuti Nordic studless matayi echando: Matai emwaka wese anoomesa ari pasi pe7 madhigirii 7 (45 madhigirii Fahrenheit) uye anorasikirwa ne50 muzana yekubatika kwawo paaizi yebhiriji.
• Yakwana panguva yechando beam-style silicone wiper blades: Tsiva simbi-frame wiper dzakafumuka (iyo inotakura yakasimba nerime ice pamajoini epivot) neakavharirwa-single-beam mawipers emuchando, uye gadzira windshield yekunze negirazi rehydrophobic rakanamira zvekuti madonhwe akatonhoreswa anonamira zvakachena.
• Zadza tangi rekugezesa nemaminus 40°C (minus 40°F) de-icing washer fluid: Chengeta chija chakasara chine 4-litre (1-gallon) muhutu, padivi pebhurasi ine mubato wakareba kana inorema polycarbonate ice scraper uye bhodhoro rekupfapfaidza reisopropyl alcohol de-icer, magirazi epadivi egonhi remaLED nechando.
• ** Rongedza kit yakakwana yekupona muchando:** Takura zvinoonekwa zvakanyanya ANSI/ISO mavheti emunhu wese (akachengetwa mubhokisi regirovhosi kana muhomwe dzemusuwo, asina kuvigwa mutrunk), bhatiri-powered amber LED road flares, sub-zero mabhegi ekurara kana magumbeze emvere dzemakwai, chemikari inodziya maoko, mvura, 1-calorie yekirogiramu yechikafu) traction grit; maona mota emergency kit.

Kutora maoko-panguva yechando skid recovery kirasi yekutyaira uye kupedzisa inoshanda ** First Aid uye CPR course ** kubva kuRed Cross, St John Ambulance, kana muchengeti wekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda anokugadzirira kuti uite zvose zviri zviviri masiraidhi emotokari uye kukuvadzwa kwemugwagwa kusvikira vashandi vekukurumidzira munguva yechando vasvika.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Ko mhute inoomesa nechando inogona sei kuumba mugwagwa muchando kana kusiri kunaya kana kunaya sinou?¶

Hute inotonhora inotonhora kana madonhwe madiki emvura emvura anoramba akaturikwa mumhepo yakadzikama iyo yakatonhora pasi pe 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Nekuda kwekuti madonhwe emuchadenga akachena anoshaya musimboti wakasimba wekuita kuti ice crystal ikure paanenge achiyangarara pakati pemhepo, anogara mumhepo yakatonhodza zvikuru kusvika kuminus 10 degrees Celsius (14 degrees Fahrenheit) kana kutonhora. Pakarepo iwo madonhwe akatonhoreswa zvikuru anobata pamusoro pemugwagwa wakasimba, dhizaini yebhiriji, gadhirairi, kana windshield, mechanical kusangana inokonzeresa kuomesa nechando, kuvaka pepa rinoramba richijeka reaizi nhema kana chena rime ice pasina kamwe kachando kanodonha kubva kudenga.

Sei mabhiriji nemigwagwa mikuru zvichiomesa nechando zvakanyanya kupfuura migwagwa yakajairika?¶

Migwagwa mikuru inogara yakananga pamusoro pevhu nedombo rakapwanyika, iro rinoita segumbeze rinopisa rinopisa rinoitisa kudziya kwevhu kwakachengetwa kumusoro muasphalt. Mabhiriji akasimudzwa, flyovers, uye nzira dzekufambisa dzakarembera mumhepo, zvichibvumira mhepo inotonhora zvishoma uye mhute inotonhora kuti itenderere kumativi ese ari maviri epamusoro pedhiraivha uye simbi yezvimiro yakashama nemagidhi ekongiri pasi. Nekuda kwekuti mabhiriji anorasikirwa nekupisa kubva kumativi mashanu panguva imwe chete uye asina geothermal inotsigirwa, tembiricha yepasi pawo inodzika pasi pe 0 madhigirii celsius (32 madhigirii Fahrenheit) 30 kusvika 90 maminetsi mubhedha wevhu uri padyo usati waoma nechando.

Ndinofanira kushandisa marambi angu epamusoro-soro kana mwenje wehazard ndichityaira nemumhute yakaomarara?¶

Usambofa washandisa mwenje wepamusoro-soro mumhute, nekuti matanda epamusoro anovhenekera kumusoro mumadonhwe emvura akarembera uye anoratidza kupenya kunopofumadza kumashure mumaziso ako. Gara uchibatidza mwenje wako wepazasi-beam uye mwenje wemhute. Tarisa mitemo yako yemunharaunda maererano nehazard flasher: nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinopa mazano ekuchinja ma hazard flasher kwenguva pfupi paunenge uchidzikamisa kamwe-kamwe kuti uyambire traffic, uchisiya uchityaira zvakadzikama kuitira kuti masaini arambe achishanda.

Chii chandinofanira kuita kana motokari yangu ikatanga kutsvedza ndichiyambuka dheki yebhiriji ine chando?¶

Chengetedza tsoka dzese kubva pabhureki neanomhanyisa, uye kanzura rwendo rwekufamba nekukurumidza kuburikidza nebhatani rechidhiraivho kana yabatidzwa. Mabhureki padhiri rebhiriji rinopenya rinokiya kana kukanganisa matai nekuparadza chidhiraivho. Tarisa mberi kwakananga nepakati pemukoto wako waunoda kuti motokari iende, uye ita zvigadziriso zvinyoro-nyoro, zvidiki kune kwainotsvedza nechokumashure (kana kuti sunungura vhiri zvishoma rakananga kana matai epamberi ari kurima pazambuko rakakombama). Kana mavhiri ako ekutyaira ari kudhonzera paaizi, chinja wakachena kupinda Neutral kana kudzvanya clutch kusvika wayambuka mubatanidzwa wekuwedzera uchidzokera panzvimbo yakabatwa.

Kwatariswa¶

• National Weather Service (NWS) uye National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA, United States): Fog Inotonhora, Super-Fog, uye Bridge Ice Hazards
• Federal Highway Administration (FHWA, United States): Road Weather Management Program: Pavement Temperature Modelling, Bridge Deck Icing, uye Low-Visibility Warning Systems
• Met Office neNational Highways (United Kingdom): Kutyaira muFog Inotonhora, Hoarfrost, uye Black Ice Conditions (Highway Code Mitemo 226 kusvika 237)
• Kutakura Kanada uye Zvakatipoteredza uye Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze Canada (Canada): Nzvimbo Yechando Driving, Supercooled Fog Glazing, uye Matare Traction Standards
• World Meteorological Organisation (WMO): International Cloud Atlas: Tsanangudzo dzeFog Inotonhora, Rime Ice, Glaze, uye Hoarfrost

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Flash kuomesa uye dema ice kutyaira kuchengetedza
• Madutu echando, kunaya kwechando, uye tambo yemagetsi inodonha
• Madutu echando uye kutonhora kwakanyanya
• Tsaona yemota: zvekuita nekukurumidza
• Mota emergency kit