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Monsoon Cloudbursts, Urban Underpass Mafashamo, uye Storm Drain Entrapment

Nhamba dze emergency dzinosiyana nenyika. Iri peji rinoshandisa 911, nhamba yeUnited States neCanada. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa 112, 999, kana imwe nhamba. Tsvaga nhamba yenyika yako.

A monsoon cloudburst kana mvura yakanyanyisa mudhorobha inoitika kana mabhanan'ana akadzikama, monsoon trough, kana marasi erwizi rwemumhepo inopisa 50 kusvika 150+ millimeters (2 kusvika 6+ inches) yemvura muawa imwe chete pamusoro pemupata weguta. Nekuda kwekuti kongiri, asphalt, uye ivhu remugwenga rakabikwa hazvikwanise kutora mvura nechiyero ichocho, ingangoita 100 muzana yemvura inonaya inoshanduka kuita mvura inoyerera inoputira masiweji epasi pevhu mukati me 5 kusvika kumaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Iyi hydraulic overload inokonzeresa mhondi nhatu dzakasiyana dzemudhorobha: ** nzira dzakanyura dzepasi uye magaraji ekupaka epasi ** anozadza semadziva ekushambira ekongiri mumaminitsi, ** anoputika anoputika-simbi manhole anovhara ** akaputikirwa mumhepo nekumanikidzwa pasi pevhu / magiya emvura achisiya mvura isingaonekwe, isina mabvi-maburi emvura. delta-P suction misungo ** inopinza madhaya pasi pemvura nemazana emakirogiramu e hydrostatic force.

Sekureva kweUnited States National Weather Service (NWS), World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), uye zvidzidzo zvekufa kwemafashama mumaguta muNorth America, Europe, neAsia, kupfuura 50 kusvika 60 muzana yenzufu dzemafashamo dzemumaguta dzinoitika mukati memotokari ** inotyairwa mumigwagwa ine mafashamo kana kuyambuka kwemvura yakaderera, nepo imwe yakasara ichiitika mumigwagwa/magwagwa akavhurika. madhamu emvura kana makomba asina kufukidzwa. Kumaruwa rwizi uye canyon flood dynamics, ona yedu mafashamo anopenya uye mvura inonaya nemadhairekitori emvura; kuti muwane makanika akazara ekunyura kwemotokari, maona motokari mumvura kutiza.

Usambofa wadhiraivha muMugwagwa Mukuru Underpass Munguva yeCloudburst, uye Usambofa Wafamba Nomumugwagwa Wemvura Pedyo neDutu Draini.

Nzira dzenjanji dzakanyura uye migwagwa mikuru yepasi inogadzirwa nedhibhi yakadzika yakadzika iyo inoshanda senzira yekufambisa mvura yenzira yakatenderedza. Kana pombi yepasi pemvura ikatadza kana kuti gomba rinovharika panguva yekuputika kwemvura, kudzika kwemvura kuzasi kwedipu kunokwira kubva 15 centimita (6 inches) kusvika 3 metres (10 tsoka) isingasviki maminetsi matatu kusvika mashanu, ukuwo manyepo ekutarisa pasi pagomba rakati sandara rinoita kuti mvura itaridzike isina kudzika kusvika pazasi pemamita matatu. tsoka) yemvura yakadzika, avhareji yemotokari inoyangarara; pamasendimita makumi matanhatu (mafiti maviri), maSUV nemarori anoyangarara achipinda pakati penzira yakadzika yepasi. nhanho inodonhedza iwe wakananga mune yepasi pevhu kongiri torrent ine zero handholds.

Ita izvi ikozvino

  1. *MIRA usati wapinda mumugwagwa upi noupi mukuru wepasi, mugero, kana kuti dipu yemugwagwa apo mvura inovhara mitsetse yakapendwa kana kuti mikoto. Usatevera motokari iri pamberi pako mumvura: kunyange rori refu ikaita kuti ipfuure nepakati, masaisai ayo anogona kumisa injini yako, uye nzvimbo yomugwagwa inodonha zvakakomba pakati penzira yepasi. Kana traffic ikamiswa pamberi pako mukati menzira yakaora yakachekwa kana mugero panguva yekunaya kwemvura uye mvura yotanga kuungana yakatenderedza matayi ako, **usagare mumota yako wakamirira kuti traffic ifambe, siya mota nekukasika wokwira masitepisi evanofamba netsoka kana mhunga ine huswa kusvika padanho remugwagwa **.
  2. Kana mota yako ichimira kana kuti yakayangarara mukati mepasi rine mafashama: Bvisa BUCKLE, VURA MAWINDOWS PASI PASI PASIPO, wokwira pamusoro pedenga remba kana kushambira uchienda kunzvimbo isina kudzika. Kana mvura yangosvika pasi pemagonhi emotokari yako, unosara masekonzi 30 kusvika makumi matanhatu usati wabuda kunze kwehydrostatic water pressure (*{0\(250 gram{} kirogiramu yemvura. [\)550\text{ kusvika }1,300\text{pounds}$] yechisimba paganda repagonhi**) inoita kuti zvisaite kusunda gonhi remotokari richivhurika kusvikira kabhini yazara nemvura.
  3. Danho 1: Sunungura bhandi rako repachigaro uye zvigaro zvemotokari zvevana (mukuru kusvika kudiki).
  4. Nhanho 2: Dzvanya magetsi mahwindo anochinja PASI pakarepo (mahwindo emagetsi anoenderera mberi achishanda kwemasekonzi gumi kusvika makumi matanhatu ari pasi pemvura asati apera) kana kupwanya **hwindo regirazi repadivi rakapisa ** pakona yaro yepasi uchishandisa chitubu-chakaremerwa punch kana simbi yemusoro mbiru (usambofa wakarovera laminated girazi remberi).
  5. Nhanho 3: Kwira nepahwindo rakashama mota isati yanyura pasi pedenga repasi; maona motokari mumvura kutiza.
  6. Budai mudzimba dzepasi, nzvimbo dzekutengesera dzepasi pevhu, nemagaraji ekupaka ari pasi pevhu KAPOPO uchipfuura nemasitepisi, USAFUNGA kukwira lift panguva yemafashama. Kana mvura yemumugwagwa ichidira pasi penzira yekupaka yepasi pepasi kana masitepisi, inoshandura masitepisi kuita mapopoma emvura inomhanya-mhanya inodonha netsoka dzinokwira netsoka. \(500+\text{ kilograms}\) (\(1,100+\text{ pounds}\)) pamikova yepasi-anotenderedza kunze** kana mvura yangokwira \(30\text{ kusvika }45\text{ centimeters}\) (\(12\text{ kusvika }18\text{ inches}\)) kunze kwegonhi. Ibva pakudonha kwekutanga kwemvura uchipinda mukamuri yepasi kana mugaraji, uye ** usambofa wakadzvanya bhatani rerevheta** (marefiti anongodzika otodzika kugomba repasi rine mafashama, kupfupi kubuda, uye kuva mabhokisi akanyura mumvura).
  7. Gara kure nemamita mashanu kusvika gumi (mafiti 16 kusvika 33) kubva pamigero yemumugwagwa, pombi dzinogezeswa mvura, mapaipi emvura, uye makomba anoyerera. Mugero wemvura usina kuvharwa kana kuti wakavharika zvishoma uri pasi pe\(1.5\text{mita}\) (\(5\text{ feet}\)) yemvura zhinji \(Defferential P (\)5\text{ feet}\() vortex** kudhonza ne **\)300\text{ kuenda ku}1,500+\text{ kilograms}$ (\(660\text{ kusvika }3,300+\text{pounds}\)) yepinning force. Hapana munhu kana boka revanunuri rinogona kudhonza munhu kubva mudutu regetsi nechisimba apo mvura inenge ichiyerera.
  8. Kana uchifanira kuyambuka mvura isina kudzika yemuguta kuti utize motokari iri kunyura kana pauriri hwemafashamo: Nzvera nhanho imwe neimwe mberi nedanda refu kana kuti tsvimbo uye fambisa uchitevedza mikova/madziro akakwirira. Nekuti mapombi anosuwa nedutu anogaro putika magomba anovhara maringi ayo panguva yemafuremu, mvura yakasviba 20-centimita-60centimita inovanda mumugwagwa60centimita (60-inch) (24-inch) vertical shafts* inodonhera yakananga mumatanho epasi pevhu ane tsvina. Usambofa wakafamba uchidzika nepakati kana mutsara wenzira ine mafashama panogara makomba nemabheseni.
  9. Gara kunze kwedzimba dzepasi dzine mafashama uye migwagwa ine waya dzakadonhera pasi kana zvivharo zvekushandisa zvakanyura, uye fonera rubatsiro kubva panzvimbo yakaoma yakakwirira. Mvura yemafashamo yemuguta yemuguta inogona kusimudzwa zvinouraya nemavharita akanyura, marambi emumugwagwa, kana mapaneru ekupwanya. Fonera nhamba yako yemunharaunda yechimbichimbi (911 muUnited States neCanada, 112 mhiri kweEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom, kana kuona zvese nhamba dze emergency)

Monsoon Cloudburst, underpass, uye subterranean mafashamo ekuyerera anoyerera

Shandisa iyi sarudzo yekupona yemuti kana wabatwa mune kamwe kamwe mudhorobha cloudburst mumugwagwa mukuru, mukati mepasi / garaji rekupaka, kana mumugwagwa weguta wakazara mafashama.

flowchart TD
    Start["Yakanyanya Monsoon Cloudburst / Urban Flash Flood:<br/>50 kusvika 150+ mm/hr (2 kusvika 6+ mu/awa) Kunaya Kwemvura Inoparadza Dutu"] --> Environment{"Urikupi<br/>ikozvino?"}

    Environment -->|"1. KUSHAYIRA WAENDE PASI PASS, THANNE,<br/>KANA PAMVHIKO WEMVURA YAkaderera"| UnderpassCheck{"Motokari yako yatopinda<br/>mumvura yakadzika here?"}

    UnderpassCheck -->|"HAPANA: Kusvika kana Kumira muTraffic Dip"| StopTurn["MIRA & USIYE KANA MVURA IKASIMUKA:<br/>1. Usambofa wakatyaira uchienda munzira yepasi apo michinjiro/mitsetse yakanyura <br/>2. Kana wakavharirwa mumotokari mukati memugwagwa mukuru wakanyura wacheka kana mugero<br/> uye mvura ichisvika pamarimu ematayi: ABANDON CAR ICHIPOIYO<br/> uye kwira munyundo/masitepisi kuenda kumusoro kwemugwagwa"]

    UnderpassCheck -->|"EHE: Mota Yakamiswa kana Kuyangarara mu Underpass"| CarEscape["60-CHECHIKONDI KUTIZWA KWEMOTA (SEATBELTS -> WINDOWS -> OUT):<br/>1. Sunungura mabhandi ezvigaro & sunungura vana CHIPOROPO<br/>2. Kukungurutsa mahwindo ekudivi PASI (kana pwanya girazi repakona nechibhakera)<br/> MABANGA asati akiya kubva kunze kwekumanikidza kwemvura <br/>3. Kwira nepahwindo padenga remba kana kushambira kuenda kumawere asina kudzika"]

    Environment -->|"2. MUKATI MUBASEMENT APARTMENT, SUBWAY,<br/>KANA PAKA PAKIRA YEPASI YEPASI"| Subterranean["KUBVA KUSVIKA KWAKASI VERTICAL:<br/>1. Bvisa ZVINHU ZVINOKOSHA pachiratidzo chekutanga chekuti mvura iri kuyerera mu<br/> (Mira 5 mins = 40 cm mvura pamusuwo = 500 kg simba rinokuvhara mukati)<br/>2. USAMBOSHANDISA MAELEVATOR (vanodzika mugomba rine mafashamo)<br/>3. Usambofa wakatyaira kukwidza mafashama epasi pevhu garaji rampu kutarisana nemvura iri kuuya"]

    Environment -->|"3. NEtsoka MUMUGWAWA WEURBAN WAKABVA MAFASHAMO"| StreetWalk["MANHOLE & DUTU DRAIN DZIDZISO:<br/>1. Ibva ipapo uchipinda muuriri hwechipiri hwechivako chakasimba chiri pedyo<br/>2. Usambofa wakafamba uchitevedza marata emumugwagwa (storm grates) kana centerlines (manholes)<br/>3. Nzvera kumberi nedanda/amburera yemaburi emugodhi anofuridzirwa <br/>4. Kana mumwe munhu akapinirwa padutu grate: USAsvetukira mukati zvakananga; <br/> sunga kubva kubhangi rakaoma, marara kuti aputse chisimbiso, & fonera 911/112/999"]

Kuenzanisa 5 inouraya mvura yemudhorobha uye pasi pemafashama misungo

Urban hydrologists uye zvikwata zvekununura mvura inomhanya zvinocherekedza zvimiro zvishanu zvakagadziridzwa zvinoshandura maminetsi makumi matatu monsoon cloudburst kuita hupenyu hunotyisidzira hydraulic trap.

Urban Structure / Hazard Iyo Inokundikana Sei muCloudburst Yakakosha Mvura Kudzika kana Force Threshold Nei Vanyajambwa Vasingakwanisi Kupukunyuka Zviri Nyore Kupona Kutonga
**1. Sunken Highway / Railway Underpass ** Yakakomberedzwa ne4 mitsetse yemigwagwa yakatsetseka uye madziro ekongiri ekuchengetedza; kana pombi dzemagetsi dzinopera simba kana kuti marara avhara girati yepasi, nzira yepasi inounganidza mvura kubva pamahekita emugwagwa mukuru uye inokwira mita imwe pamasekonzi 60 kusvika makumi mapfumbamwe. \(15\text{cm}\) (\(6\text{mu}\)) masitepisi ekupera simba/anopinza;
\(30\text{cm}\) (\(12\text{ mu}\)) inoyangarara motokari dzinotakura vanhu;
\(60\text{cm}\) (\(24\text{ in}\)) inoyangarara maSUV & pickups.		 Vatyairi vanorerutsa kudzika pazasi pe curve; kana ichingoyangarara, mota inokukurwa ichienda ku\(3\text{kusvika ku}5\text{m}\) (\(10\text{kuenda ku}16\text{ft}\)) pakadzika pasi pedeki yebhiriji apo magonhi anovharwa nekuvharwa nemvura. Usafe wakapinda munzira yepasi ine mvura yakamira. Cheka yakapendwa Mafashama Depth Gauge Rulers pambiru dzebhiriji; kana mvura ikakwira ichitenderedza traffic yakamira, siya mota netsoka nekukurumidza.
2. Subterranean Parking Garage / Road Tunnel (e.g., Zhengzhou 2021, Cheongju/Osong 2023, Valencia 2024) Kana mvura yemumugwagwa yadarika \(15\text{cm}\) muromo wekumisikidza uri pamusoro penzira inodzika yegaraji, rampu inova yekumhanya-mhanya inoyerera 10,000+ marita pasekondi mubhokisi repasi pevhu rakavharirwa risina chekubuda. \(15\text{ kuenda ku}30\text{cm}\) (\(6\text{ ku}12\text{mu}\)) uchimhanyisa \(15\%\) garaji rambi inoenda pa \(3\text{ kuenda ku}5\text{ m/s}\) (\(10\text{ kusvika }18\text{ km/h} kuenda ku\)) Vagari vanodzika pasi kuti "vanunure motokari yavo yakamira" panguva yemhepo; mvura inopinda inopinda inomisa motokari yavo pamateru, inovatsvaira kubva patsoka dzavo, uye inozadza garaji padenga rekongiri ichiteya homwe dzose dzemhepo. USAGARA wakadzika mugaraji rekupaka pasi pevhu panguva yemafashamu yambiro kuti ufambise mota yako. Buda netsoka uchipfuura nemumasitepisi emukati mechivako mvura isati yasvika panzira.
3. Basement Apartment ine Outward-Opening Door / Window Wells (semuenzaniso, NYC Hurricane Ida 2021, Seoul 2022) Kunze kwakanyura masitepisi kana hwindo repasi rinozadza nemugwagwa unoyerera kunge tabhu. \(30\text{ to }45\text{cm}\) (\(12\text{ to }18\text{ in}\)) yemvura yakamira kunze kwegonhi remazuva ese inoita **\(300\text{ to }600\text{kg}\) (\(660\text{ to }1,320\text{ lb force*\)) Iwe panyama haugone kusundira kunze-inotenderedza gonhi repasi rakavhurika kamwe masendimita makumi mana emadziva emvura pazasi pematanho ekunze; nguva pfupi gare gare, hwindo regirazi rinoputika mukati uye rinozadza imba yepasi mumaminetsi maviri. Budisa zvikamu zvepasi uchienda pauriri hwepamusoro ** iyo nguva mvura inonaya mvura zhinji mumugwagwa/panzira **, donhwe risati rapinda mumasitepisi; ita shuwa mahwindo ekamuri yekurara ane kukurumidza-kuburitsa mukati egress mabara.
4. Blown-Off Manhole Cover / Geyser Shaft Mvura yemadutu yakadzvinyirirwa ichipinda mumigero yepasi pevhu inodzvanya homwe dzemhepo dzakavharirwa (entrapped air geysering) uye inovaka musoro wehydraulic unoputika **\(50\text{ kusvika }150\text{kg}\) (\(110\text{ku}330\text{ lb}\)1) cast-lids. }10\text{ metres}$ mumhepo. Inosiya zvisingaonekwi \(60\text{ ku}90\text{cm}\) (\(24\text{ kusvika }36\text{mu}\)) mugomba wakafara inodonhedza \(3\text{kusvika }15\text{mita}\) (\(10\text{ kusvika }50\text{ feet}\)) yakananga pasi murwizi rwuri pasi pevhu. Mvura yemumugwagwa ine madhaka inovanza zvachose chivharo chisipo; munhu anofamba netsoka anofamba achiita seasingakuvadzi masendimita makumi maviri (8 mu) mvura yemumugwagwa anotsika mugomba obva anyangarika ipapo ari pasi pevhu. Usafe wakafashukira mumvura yakasviba yemumugwagwa. Kana ukamanikidzwa kufamba uchienda kwakachengeteka, ramba uri panzira dziri kure nepakati pemigwagwa uye woongorora nhanho imwe neimwe mberi netsvimbo yakaoma.
5. Storm Drain Grate & Culvert Pipe Suction ($\Delta P $) Mugero weparutivi pemugwagwa kana mugwagwa wemugero wekubata-bheseni unoyerera mupombi yepasi pevhu inomhanya yakazara. Pombi yakanyura \(60\text{cm}\) (\(2\text{ ft}\)) iri pasi pe \(1.2\text{ m}\) (\(4\text{ ft}\)) yemusoro wemvura inogadzira \(>340\text{kg}\) (\(>750\text{ lb}\)) ye suction pinning force. Kana mwana, munhu mukuru, kana chipfuyo chikatsvedza mugoronga rine mafashama kana mugero, mvura yakasiyana-siyana (\(\Delta P\)) inoyamwa mutumbi wavo kana gumbo parata resimbi kana kuti mukati mepombi sechigero chikuru chevacuum cleaner. Gara 5+ metres kumashure kubva mumigero ine mafashama uye vhara madhireni; usamboedza kubvisa mashizha / marara kubva kune dutu remvura yakanyura netsoka dzako kana maoko panguva yemhepo.

Yakadzika dive 1: Iyo fizikisi yemotokari buoyancy uye nei inorema SUVs nemarori ekutakura achiyangarara mumasendimita makumi matanhatu emvura.

Vatyairi vemaSUV makuru nemarori ndivo vangangotyaira vatyairi vachitenderedza "Road Closed" mumigwagwa ine mafashama nekuti vanotenda kuti huremu hwemotokari yavo (\(2,500\text{ kilograms}\) / \(5,500\text{pounds}\)) uye kugerwa kwepasi kuchaita kuti varambe varipo.

Archimedes 'Principle yeBuoyancy inoratidza kuti nei huremu husingachengetedze mota yemazuva ano: 1. Nei Mota Dzamazuvano Dziri Zvikepe Zvisingafefeki KweMasekonzi makumi matanhatu ekutanga: - Mota dzemazuva ano dzinotakura vanhu, maSUV, uye marori zvakavakwa zvine mutsindo werabha wemusuwo wemamiriro ekunze uye mapani akavharirwa pasi kuti avhare ruzha rwemumugwagwa nemvura. - Nekuti \(1\text{ cubic meter}\) yemvura yemafashamo inorema \(1,000\text{ kilograms}\) (\(2,204\text{ pounds}\)),\(30\text{ centimeters}\) (\(1\text{ foot}\)) yehudzamu hwemvuraichikwidza motokari isingapinde mvura{8 giramu repakati pepakati pemakirogiramu 6 \(8 (\)1,500\text{ pounds}$) yekumusoro inosimudzira. 2. Kurasika Kwevhiri Kunoitika Nguva Yakareba Mota Isati Yayangarara : - Mabhureki ako uye chidhiraivho chinongoshanda chero bedzi matai erabha ako akatsikitsira pasi zvine simba kutarisana neasphalt pavement ( zvakajairika simba \(\times\) coefficient of friction). - Kana mvura yasvika \(30\text{ centimeters}\) (\(12\text{ inches}\), ingangoita kureba kwemavhiri hubs pasedan), kukwira kumusoro kunosimudza \(680\text{kg}\) yehuremu kubva pamatayi. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kufambisa mvura ichisundidzira kudivi kudivi rakafara remagonhi emota nemavhiri kunoda \(200\text{kusvika ku}500\text{ kilograms}\) of lateral hydrodynamic drag force (\(F_d = \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 C_d A\)). - Nehuremu hunenge zero huchidzika hwasara pamatayi, kunyange kudzikama kwe\(2\text{ kusvika }3\text{mita pasekondi}\) (\(4.5\text{ to }7\text{ mph}\))* inosaidzira mota inoyangarara ichienda nedivi kubva kukorona yemugwagwa kana kuidhonzera pasi pemateru kupinda \(4\text{-metres}\)-pakati pegomba. 3. **Injini Hydro-Lock Inoitika ipapo ipapo kana Mvura Yapinda Mumhepo Inopinza **: - Kusiyana nemhepo, ** mvura yemvura haigoneki zvachose . Mota zhinji dzemazuvano dzinodhonza mweya weinjini kuburikidza nemugero wekupinda kuseri kwebhampa grille kana mukati mevhiri remberi zvakanaka (\(35\text{ kusvika }60\text{cm}\) kubva pasi). - Paunotyaira uchipinda mudhamu repasi pa\(25\text{ km/h}\) (\(15\text{ mph}\)), bamper yako yekumberi inosimudza bow wave masendimita makumi matatu kumusoro pane mwero wemvura ichirimo. Iyo nguva iyo bow wave inosvetwa mukati meinjini inopinzwa mucylinder inomanikidza pa3,000 RPM, piston inorovera mumvura yakasimba isingagoneki ( hydrostatic lock / hydro-lock **), ichibvuta simbi yekubatanidza tsvimbo kuburikidza nejini block muchidimbu chesekondi uye ichikusiya iwe wakafa mumvura isina simba rekutyaira kana injini simba.

Yakadzika dive 2: Differential Pressure ($\Delta P $) kudhonza kwedutu uye kuputika mugomba wefizikisi

Mauto maviri asingaonekwe ehydraulic anoshandura mafashama emudhorobha asina kudzika kuita musungo unouraya kune vanofamba netsoka nevanunuri:

1. Differential Pressure ($\Delta P $) Kupinda paStorm Drain Grates uye Culverts

Kana madziva emvura yakadzika \(1\text{ kusvika }2\text{mita}\) (\(3\text{ kusvika }6.5\text{ feet}\)) yakadzika kumusoro kwerukova rwepombi inogezesa mugwagwa kana pamusoro pegure remumugwagwa rinodonhedza mvura apo mvura ichiyerera yakasununguka ichibuda nepombi yezasi, musiyano mukuru wehydrostatic pressure (P*$*:Del) $\(\text{Pinning Force } (F) = \rho \cdot g \cdot h \cdot A\)$ - Kuverengera kweMuenzaniso: Ngatitii nzira yekugezesa mvura yemumugwagwa ingori \(45\text{ centimeters}\) (\(18\text{ inches}\)) inches (cross-sectional area \(A = 0.16\text{ m}^2\)) uye mvura yemafashamo inomira \(1.5\text{mamita*{\)5) yakadzika. - Kana mwana kana munhu mukuru akatsvedza mugoronga uye hudyu kana musana zvikavharira \(45\text{-cm}\) inovhika, murwi wemvura uri pamusoro pavo unopinza muviri wavo mupombi ne: $\(F = 1,000\chinyorwa{kg/m}^3 \nguva 9.81\mavara{ m/s}^2 \nguva 1.5\mavara{m} \nguva 0.16\mavara{ m}^2 = 2,354\zvinyorwa{ Newtons} \approx \mathbf{240\text{3 kirogiramu{3) kupwanya simba}}\)$ - Nei Usingakwanise Kungovadhonza **: Kuedza kudhonzera munhu anenge abatwa achidzokera kumashure kubva pa\(\Delta P\)dutu grate kunoda kukunda 240 kusvika 1,000+ mirogiramu ehydrostatic vacuum seal, zvisingagoneke nemaoko evanhu. - *Vaponesi vSwiftwater Vanopwanya Sei Dutu Grate \(\Delta P\) Seal : 1. ** Usambofa wakapinda munzvimbo yekukweva iwe pachako usina tambo yakasungirirwa inomhanyisa yemvura uye bhachi rehupenyu (PFD). 2. Fonera 911/112/999 nekukasika uye bata musoro/nzira yemhepo yemunhu anenge abatwa pamusoro pemvura kana ichisvikika kubva kubhangi kana tambo yakatsiga. 3. Svetedza bhodhi rakaomarara, pepa replywood, chikwangwani chemumugwagwa, meta yemota, kana mapazi ari parutivi pakati pemuviri wemunhu anenge abatwa nemarata esimbi kuti mvura ibude pasi pawo uye ipwanye chisimbiso, KANA kusimudza gireti pamwe chete nemunhu akuvara uchishandisa tambo yekudhonza mota kana pry bar.

2. Sei Mavharo eCast-Iron Manhole Achiputika Kukwira SeCannonballs Munguva yeMonsoon Downs

Mukati memvura ine simba, mamiriyoni emalita emvura anoyerera anonyura mumigero yehove dzomumugwagwa mumigero mikuru yakachinjika yepasi pevhu. 1. Sezvo mvura ichizadza mugero wepasi pevhu kubva kumativi ese, inoteya homwe hombe dze** mweya** padenga repombi yekongiri. 2. Mvura inokwira inoita senge hydraulic piston, ichimanikidza iyo yakavharira homwe yemhepo yepasi pevhu kune akati wandei mhepo yekumanikidza. 3. Kana mhepo yakadzvanyirirwa yasvika pagomba remugodhi wakatwasuka, inotenderera ichienda kumusoro segiza (mvura yemvura yegeyser), ichiputika \(100\text{-kilogram}\) (\(220\text{-pound}\)) yekuvharisa mugomba wesimbi mamita akati wandei mudenga uye ichidonhera padivi pegomba rakashama. 4. Kana geyser yadzika kweminiti gare gare, mvura yemumugwagwa ine madhaka inoyerera zvakanaka pamusoro pemugero wakashama, ichisiya kudonha kusingaonekwe, kusina kuchengetedzwa kwakatwasuka kwakananga murwizi rwepasi pevhu.

Iyo Basement Door Hydrostatic Lock: Nei Kumirira Maminetsi mashanu Kuti Ubude muBasement Apartment Inogona Kuuraya

Munguva yekunaya kwemvura mumaguta (seyakaitika munaGunyana 2021 Hurricane Ida remnant cloudburst muNew York City neNew Jersey yakanyudza vanhu makumi mana nevatatu, zvikuru mudzimba dzepasi, kana mafashama epasi muna Nyamavhuvhu 2022 Seoul banjiha), vakawirwa nerufu nekuti vakapedza 3 kusvika 5 maminetsi vachinhonga zvitubu zvepasi pemvura. - Kana gonhi rako repasi richidzungaira ** rekunze richipinda mumawere ekunze akanyura, \(30\text{ centimeters}\) (\(1\text{ foot}\)) yemvura pazasi pemasitepisi inosaidzira gonhi kuvharika ne klzzwxh:0104 pa **klzzwxh:009 (\(2\text{ feet}\)), simba rinopfuura **klzzwxh:08 (\(2,400\text{ pounds}\)), hapa munhu anogona kusunda dhoo iroro kuti rivhure. - Kana gonhi rako repasi richizungunuka mukati uye ukadhonza mubato wembambo kana mvura yadzika madhora \(1\text{mita}\), gonhi rinorira nemukati kunge gondohwe rinorovera, richikuwisira pasi uye richizadza imba mumasekonzi makumi matanhatu. - ** Mutemo **: Kana uchigara kana kushanda mukamuri repasi-giredhi repasi kana chitoro chepasi, ** buda muimba yepamusoro kuenda kune yekutanga kana yechipiri pasi magita emugwagwa anofashukira munzira, Mvura isati yatanga kuyerera pasi nhanho dzako dzepasi **.

Pre-monsoon uye yemaguta cloudburst yekugadzirira cheki

Mwaka wemonsoon usati wasvika kana yakapihwa ** Yambiro yeMafashama eFlash / Yambiro yeKunaya Kwemvura Yakanyanya **:

  • Kwirisa chitubu chakaremerwa hwindo-breaker / seatbelt-cutter tool pagirazi remota yemota yako kana kuti centre console: Usambofa wakaichengeta mubhokisi regirovhosi kana muhomwe yemusuwo umo marara anoyangarara akaiviga kana mota yarerekera pasi pasi pasi.
  • **Ongorora mahwindo emuimba yekurara yepasi kuti abude nekukurumidza **: Imba yekurara yega yega yepasi-giredhi inofanirwa kunge iine hwindo rinoshanda kana skylight inovhurika nemukati isina makiyi, maturusi, kana madhiri kuitira kuti varimo vakwanise kukwira kunze kana masitepisi akazara.
  • Bvisa magiremu emumugwagwa pamberi pemba yako Mvura isati yatanga (pasina nguva yemafashamo): Kutsvaira mashizha, tsono dzepaini, uye masaga emarara epurasitiki kubva pamugero wedutu apo mugwagwa uchiri kuoma kunodzivirira kuyerera kwemumugwagwa; kana mvura yakadzika yavhara gonhi, gara kure nayo.
  • Isai Pombi inotsigirwa nebhatiri uye Sewer Backwater Valve: Mudzimba dzepasi pevhu, PVC sewer yekutarisa vharafu yemvura inodzivirira kudzvanywa kwemadutu esuweji yesuweji kubva pakuputika kwesuweji yakasvibira kumashure kuburikidza nedhiri repasi pevhu uye zvimbuzi; ona zvedu gwara remafashamo.

Yakadzika dive 3: Kupona mafashama epasi pevhu nzira, chiteshi chechitima, kana akawanda-level garaji yekupaka.

Kuputika kwemvura munguva pfupi yadarika, kusanganisira Chikunguru 2021 Zhengzhou, China cloudburst (\(201.9\text{ millimeters}\) [\(7.95\text{ inches}\)] kwemvura muawa imwe chete, yakazadza Jingguang North Road Tunnel neLine 5 subway), **Chikunguru 201.9\text{ millimeters}$ [\(7.95\text{ inches}\)] yemvura muawa imwe chete, yakazadza Jingguang North Road Tunnel neLine 5 subway), **Chikunguru 201.9\text{millimeters}$ [\(7.95\text{ inches}\)] yemvura muawa imwe chete, yakazadza Jingguang North Road Tunnel neLine 5 subway), Chikunguru 2023/Osong muSouth Korea muSouth Korea 2024 Valencia, Spain DANA mafashamo emvura **, yakaratidza kuti nzira dzakawanda dzemigwagwa mikuru uye magaraji ekupaka epasi pevhu ndiwo anouraya makongiri misungo mumaguta anhasi:

  1. Iyo "5-Minute Tunnel Kusiya Rule":
  2. Mukoto wemigwagwa wemudhorobha wakaora mwoyo (\(500\text{ kusvika }4,000\text{met}\) kureba) unogara pasi perwizi rwakapoterera kana giredhi remugwagwa uye unovimba nemapombi emagetsi kuti arambe akaoma.
  3. Kana mafashama epamusoro epamusoro pemadziro emadziro ekumigumo ese enzira panguva imwe chete, mashizha emvura anoyerera achidzika ese epanzira akananga kwakadzikira kwepakati pemukoto.
  4. Nei Vatyairi Vachifa muTunnel Traffic Jam: Vatyairi vakanamirana nebumper-to-bumper mukati memugero panguva yekunaya kwemvura vakagara mukati memotokari dzavo dzine air-conditioning vachifunga kuti traffic ichafamba munguva pfupi. Mukati maminetsi mashanu, mvura inoyerera ichidzika nemarambi inosvika \(40\text{kusvika }60\text{centimeters}\) (\(16\text{ to }24\text{inches}\)) yakadzika, inoyangarara mazana emota dzisina chinhu uye dzinenge dzakagarwa kupinda mumatanda akamonereka anovharira sirin'i sirin'i padenga remba ichikwira zvachose.
  5. Chiito Chekukurumidza: Kana ukamira mukati memugero wemugwagwa kana kudzvinyirirwa kwemugero wemugwagwa panguva yekunaya kwemvura uye ukaona kuyerera kwebrown kuchidzika nemusuwo wekupinda nepakati pematayi ako, *dzima injini yako, siya makiyi mukati, sunungura munhu wese, uye famba nekukasira kunze kwemugero uchikwira kumusoro kwevanofamba netsoka kwakasimudzwa kana kuburikidza negirini-Exgerspace Emergency Cross \(100\text{kusvika ku}250\text{mita}\)padhuze nemadziro emukoto wemazuva ano).
  6. **Subway uye Underground Rail Platform Kubuda **:
  7. Kana mvura ikatanga kudira pasi pechiteshi chepasi pechiteshi masitepisi semapopoma, ** usarambe uri papuratifomu yechitima yepasi wakamirira chitima chinotevera ** (simba rekudhonza rinodzimwa kana mvura yangobata njanji yechitatu kana mubhedha wenjanji, uye zvitima zvinouya zvichamiswa).
  8. Famba nekukasira uende ku kunoperera kumagumo kwechiteshi chechiteshi kuti uwane imwe nhanho yekubuda iri panzvimbo yakakwirira yemugwagwa, batisisa parata resimbi, uye ukwire kunze uchienda kumugwagwa masitepisi asati adarika \(2\text{mita pasekondi}\) (\(6.5\text{ feet per second}\)).

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Sei maSUV nemarori anorema achiyangarara mumasendimita 60 chete (mafiti maviri) emvura?

Vatyairi vanowanzotora 2,500-kilogram (5,500-pound) SUV kana rori inorema zvikuru kuti ifambiswe nemvura inosvika mumabvi. Zvisinei, makamuri emotokari emazuva ano uye magonhi akanyatsovharwa nemhepo nemvura, zvichireva kuti hafu yepasi yemotokari inoita sehombe yechikepe, isina mvura. Nokuti cubic meter imwe chete yemvura yemafashamo inorema makirogiramu 1 000 (makirogiramu 2 204), masendimita 30 oga oga emvura inokwira pasi pemotokari inobvisa makirogiramu 680 (makirogiramu 1 500) ekusimudzwa kunokwira. Pamasendimita 45 kusvika ku60 (masendimita 18 kusvika ku24) emvura yakadzika, kukwira kunokwidza kunosimudza huremu hunenge hwose hwemotokari kubva pamatai ayo; ne zero vhiri friction yasara panjanji, nyangwe kamhepo kanyoro kanosaidzira rori inoyangarara nedivi mumvura yakadzika.

Sei usingakwanise kuvhura gonhi remotokari yako mushure mekutyaira mumugwagwa wakazara mafashama pasi pepasi, uye chii chaunofanira kuita pane kudaro?

Panongokwira kunze kwemvura yemafashamo pamusoro pepasi pegonhi remotokari yako (inenge 30 kusvika 60 masendimita kukwira panhivi yegonhi), huremu hwemvura kunze hunotsikirira mukati kukatarisana nenzvimbo huru yegonhi ine 250 kusvika 600+ makirogiramu (550 kusvika 1,300+ pounds) yehydrostatic force. Hapana munhu anogona kusunda dhoo remotokari rakavhurika richirwisana nedzvinyiriro iyoyo yekunze kutozosvikira mukati memotokari yazara zvakakwana nemvura kuti ienzane nedzvinyiriro, panguva iyo motokari inowanzonyudzwa mumvura ine rima, ine madhaka. Pane kudaro, pakarepo motokari yako inorova mvura yakadzika, sunungura bhandi rako rechigaro uye pakarepo bvisa mahwindo emagetsi epadivi pasi (kana kuti pwanya kona yezasi yefafitera reparutivi rine chitubu-chakatakura girazi punch) mukati mekutanga 30 kusvika 60 seconds uye kukwira kunze nepahwindo rakazaruka.

Chii chinoita kuti mavhavha emugodhi wesimbi afurikire mumhepo panguva yekunaya kwemvura zhinji?

Munguva yekunaya kwemvura zhinji, mvura zhinji yemumugwagwa inodonhera pasi nedutu mumapaipi epasi pevhu anopindira kubva munzira dzakawanda kamwechete. Mvura inomhanya iyi inoteya homwe hombe dzemhepo pamusoro pesirin'i yemugero wepasi uye inomanikidza mweya iwoyo kunge hydraulic piston. Kana homwe yakamanikidzika yemhepo nemvura inokwidibira ichisvika pamugero wegomba wakatwasuka, inoputika ichikwira kumusoro segiza, ichisimudza nekukanda chivharo chesimbi chine makirogiramu 100 (220-pound) chivharo chesimbi kubva kure nemamita anoverengeka. Kana mwero wemvura uchinge wavhara mugwagwa, yakavhurika yakatwasuka shaft haionekwe zvachose pasi pemvura yakasviba, ichigadzira njodzi yekudonha inouraya kune chero munhu anofamba mumugwagwa.

Sei zvisingabviri kudhonzera mumwe munhu kubva mudutu remvura yakadzika nemaoko, uye vangasunungurwa sei?

Kana dutu remvura kana pombi inoyerera ikanyudzwa pasi pemamita 1 kusvika ku2 (mamita matatu kusvika 6.5) emvura yemafashamo ichiyerera mupombi yepasi pazasi, huremu hwekoramu yemvura iri pamusoro pegeti inogadzira ine simba Differential Pressure (Delta-P) vacuum seal. Kunyange diki 45-centimita (18-inch) kuvhura kwemvura iri pasi pemamita 1.5 emvura inopfuura makirogiramu mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kusvika ku500 (530 kusvika 1,100 pounds) yesimba rinodzika rinodzika kurwisa muviri wemunhu, zvichiita kuti zvisaite panyama kuvadhonzera kumusoro nemaoko avo. Kupwanya chisimbiso cheDelta-P chekuyamwa zvakachengeteka kubva panzvimbo yakasungirirwa pabhangi, vanunuri vanofanira kunge vakavhara bhodhi rakadzikama, plywood sheet, kana matavi emuti pakati pemunhu akabatwa uye mbariro dzegrate kuti aparadze chisimbiso uye kurega mvura ienzane pasi payo, kana kuvhara iyo grate furemu pamwe chete nemunhu akabatwa.

Kwatariswa

  • National Weather Service (NWS / NOAA, United States): "Tendeuka, Usanyure" Urban Underpass uye Yakaderera-Mvura Kuyambuka Hydrodynamic Vehicle Buoyancy Standards.
  • World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) neUnited Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR): Urban Flash Flood Management, Subterranean Infrastructure Inundation (Tunnels, Subways, uye Underground Parking Garage), uye Monsoon Cloudburst Early Warning Protocols.
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA, United States) uye National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): NFPA 1006 / 1670 Swiftwater uye Mafashamo ekutsvaga uye Rescue Standards (Differential Pressure [\(\Delta P\)] Storm Drain Entrapment uye Subterranean Egress).
  • Yunivhesiti yeManitoba (Dr. Gordon Giesbrecht) neAmerican Red Cross: Operation Alive and Well, Vehicle Submersion Survival Timeline (SWOC: Seatbelts Off, Windows Open, Out Immediate, Children First).
  • American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) uye Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): Urban Stormwater Geysering, Manhole Cover Displacement Mechanics, uye Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) Safety.

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