Mandoline slicer chigunwe avulsion, kunyudza blender, uye zvakanyanya kuchekwa nebanga rekicheni¶

Kitchen blade injuries from mandoline vegetable slicers, razor-sharp chef knives, food processor discs, and immersion blenders are among the most common household traumas treated in hospital emergency departments worldwide. Because the pads and tips of human fingers contain a dense network of digital arteries and sensory nerve endings under high vascular pressure, even a seemingly small slice that removes a coin-sized piece of skin and fat (a fingertip avulsion) bleeds profusely and can trigger a sudden vasovagal fainting response.

Whether you are dealing with a clean-sliced fingertip pad on a mandoline deck, a deep laceration across a knuckle or palm from separating frozen food with a knife, or a hand trapped inside a motorized immersion blender guard, acting calmly in the first sixty seconds stops rapid blood loss, preserves severed tissue for potential surgical grafting or replantation, and prevents secondary head injuries from fainting on hard kitchen tile.

Ita izvi ikozvino¶

1. Unplug any motorized appliance from the wall outlet immediately and sit the injured person down on the floor or a sturdy chair: Never rely on the handle trigger switch of an immersion blender, food processor, or stand mixer while a hand is near the blades, and always have the injured person sit down immediately because sudden pain and the sight of arterial blood frequently trigger a vasovagal syncope (fainting) episode within 30 seconds.
2. Call your local emergency number immediately if blood is spurting, if a finger is partially or completely amputated through bone, or if a hand is mechanically trapped inside a blade: Dial 911 in the United States and Canada, 112 across the European Union, or 999 in the United Kingdom (or check our nhamba dze emergency directory), and place the phone on speaker mode so both hands remain free to apply pressure.
3. Apply firm, continuous direct pressure directly over the wound using a thick stack of sterile gauze pads or a clean folded cotton dish towel: Press down firmly and steadily with your fingers for at least 10 to 15 full minutes by the clock without lifting the cloth to "peek" and check if the bleeding has stopped, as lifting the dressing tears away fragile newly forming fibrin blood clots.
4. Simudza ruoko rwakakuvara pamusoro pemoyo wemunhu uchiramba wakatsikitsira pasina kutsemuka: Ita kuti munhu akagara kana kuti akarara arere gokora rake papiro kana kusimudza ruoko rwake mudenga kuitira kuti munwe uri kubuda ropa ukwire kupfuura chipfuva, izvo zvinoderedza hydrostatic blood pressure mukati metsinga dzedigital uye kunonotsa kubuda ropa zvakanyanya.
5. Kana gauze rekutanga kana tauro rikanyura zvachose neropa, usaribvisa: Isa pedhi rakachena rechipiri rakapetwa zvakananga pamusoro perokwe rakanyoroveswa neropa uye dzvanya pasi zvakatonyanya kuoma, uchimonera bhandeji reroller kana jira rakachena zvakanaka pamunwe nemapedhi kana kubuda ropa kuchinonoka.
6. ** Tsvaga chero bhegi reganda remunwe rakachekwa kana nhamba yakadimburwa, zviputire zvinyoro nyoro mumucheka wesaline wakanyoroveswa kana wakachena wepombi-mvura-yakanyoroveswa, sunga mukati mebhegi repurasitiki risina mvura, woisa bhegi iroro pamusoro pebhegi rechipiri rechando nemvura**: Usambofa wakaisa nyama yakachekwa yakananga paaizi, usamboinyudza mumvura inovhuvhuta, uye usambofa wakainyudza mumvura inovhuvhuta, uye usambofa wakainyudza mumvura inovhuvhuta, uye usambofa wakaipinza mumvura inovhuvhuta. kunyorova kunokonzera kuzvimba kwenyama kunoparadza kugezwa kwekuvhiya.

Sarudzo flowchart: emergency triage yekicheni blade kukuvara¶

flowchart TD
    Start["Kitchen Blade Injury (Mandoline, Banga, kana Blender)"] --> Unplug["Nhanho 1: Bvisa Chishandiso Kubva Kumadziro uye Gara Mushivirira Pazasi"]
    Unplug --> TrapCheck{"Ruoko Irwo Mechanical Kubatwa muBlade kana Kurasa?"}
    TrapCheck -->|"Ehe: Blade Yakanyura muBone kana Tissue"| LeaveIn["USA Dhonza Ruoko Kunze: Bvisa Simba, Simbisa Shaft neTauro, uye Dana EMS"]
    TrapCheck -->|"Kwete: Ruoko Rusina Kubva Pablade"| BleedCtrl["Danho 2: Nyorera Yakasimba Yakananga Kudzvanya + Simudza Ruoko Pamusoro Pemoyo kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu"]
    BleedCtrl --> AssessType{"Ongorora Rudzi Rweronda uye Kudzika"}
    AssessType -->|"Fingertip Pad Yakachekwa Kubva (Mandoline Avulsion)"| Avulsion["Chengetedza Severed Skin Pad muDamp Gauze Mukati mePlastiki Bag pane Indirect Ice"]
    Avulsion --> UrgentCare["Enda kuDhipatimendi reEmergency kana Kukurumidzira Chengetedzo yeKusina-Adherent Dressing / Graft Evaluation"]
    AssessType -->|"Kudimburwa Kwemugunwe Kwakazara kana Kusarura Kuburikidza NeBone/Joint"| Amputation["Fonera Emergency Nhamba Pakarepo: Chengetedza Digit kuburikidza neDamp-Bag-on-Ice Method"]
    Amputation --> MicroSurg["Kutakura Murwere uye Yakatonhorera Digit kuenda kuchipatara neHand Microsurgery Kugona"]
    AssessType -->|"Banga Rakadzika Rinocheka Mumunwe, Palm, kana Wrist"| FunctionCheck["Tarisa Ropa Rinobuda, Chiveve muChigunwe, kana Kusagona Kubhenda/Kutwasanudza Chigunwe."]
    FunctionCheck --> SutureWindow["Tsvaka Kurapwa Mukati 6 kusvika 8 Maawa eTendon / Nerve Exam uye Sutures"]

Nei mandoline slicers ichikonzera zvakasarudzika maronda ekubuda ropa akaomarara¶

Kicheni mandoline slicer inogadzirwa ne-ultra-sharp, angled stainless steel kana ceramic blade yakagadzirirwa kuveura midzi midzi miriwo muyunifomu 1-ku-3-millimeter (1/32-ku-⅛-inch) zvimedu. Kana mubiki achisaidzira nhindi yekupedzisira yembatatisi, gaka, kana hanyanisi nembatatisi, magaka, kana hanyanisi padeki vachishandisa chanza chazvo chisina chinhu panzvimbo pepurasitiki inodzivirira, muriwo unotsvedza uye kudzika kwacho kunofambisa denderedzwa rechigunwe chikuru, indekisi, kana kuti chigunwe chepakati chakananga pabadza.

Iyo anatomy yemunwe wemunwe pulp avulsion¶

Kusiyana necheka yakatwasuka yakananga pasi kubva kubanga remukicheni (iro rinocheka rakadzika muganda uye richisiya maronda maviri anopinza pamwe nekusonanidzwa akavharwa), mandoline slicer inogadzira ** tangential shearing avulsion **:

• Nyaya isipo haigoni kusonanidzwa kumucheto-kusvika-kumucheto: Nokuti blade yemandoline inobvisa dhisiki rakati sandara, denderedzwa kana kuti oval disc yepidermis, dermis, uye subcutaneous mafuta pad (uye dzimwe nguva hafu yepamusoro yeplate yezvipikiri nemubhedha wezvipikiri), hapana mapendekete eganda asina kusimba anosara kuti adhonze pamwe chete nemisono yakajairwa. Kuedza kudhonza ganda rakaomarara rakatenderedza remunwe kuyambuka gomba rakakura kungagadzira kushushikana kwakanyanya, kucheka kuyerera kweropa, uye kukonzera tissue necrosis.
• Nei kubvongodzwa kwemunwe kuchibuda ropa zvakanyanya: Chigunwe chega chega chinopihwa netsinga mbiri dzemadhijitari dzemuchindwe dzinomhanya nemativi edijiti idzo dzinoita tuma arterioles tudiki twakati twakaturikidzana mukati me fibrous compartments (septa) ye pulp yemunwe. Kana mandoline inocheka kubva pamusoro pemapulp ichiyambuka gumi nemaviri emidziyo yakatwasuka kamwechete, iyo fibrous septa yakaoma inobata tsinga yeropa yakachekwa inopera yakavhurika pane kuirega ichidhonzeka, zvichikonzera kubuda kweropa, kuenderera mberi kana kupuruzira ropa.
• Ongororo yezvekurapa yekepisi yeganda yakachekwa: Kunyangwe chidimbu cheganda chakachekwa chichiita sechitete chakacheneruka chakagara pabeche remandoline, **gara uchichinunura uye uuye nacho kukiriniki kana mukamuri yekukurumidzira **. Kana nyama yakanyungudutswa iine dermis yakazara-yakazara (kana chikamu chemubhedha wechipikiri), chiremba kana nyanzvi yemaoko anogaroichenesa, kucheka mafuta, uye kusundira kepu yeganda remurwere kudzoka pamubhedha weronda mbishi se ** biological dressing ** kana composite graft. Kunyange kana chivharo cheganda chisingadzoreki zvachose, chinoshanda sebhandiji remuviri rakasununguka kwemazuva gumi kusvika ku14 apo ganda idzva rinokura pasi paro.

Kuenzanisa kwekukuvara kwekicheni blade: kuomarara, zviratidzo zvekukuvara kwechimiro, uye kurapwa¶

Kunzwisisa zviri pasi peganda reruoko kunobatsira kuti uzive kana kucheka kwekicheni kunoda chiremba wekuvhiya ruoko rwechimbichimbi maringe nekupfeka kwechironda chekuchengeta.

Nhanho-ne-nhanho protocol yekuchengetedza chigunwe chakachekwa kana kuti chigunwe chakadimburwa¶

Kana banga remukicheni, cleaver, kana mandoline rikavhara zvachose chigunwe kana kuti chidimbu chakakura chemunwe, matarisiro aunoita chidimbu chakavharwa chetishu panguva yerwendo kuenda kuchipatara zvinotarisisa kuti chiremba anovhiya ruoko anogona kuchibatanidza zvakare.

flowchart TD
    Find["Tsvaga Severed Finger kana Tissue Pad Pakarepo"] --> Rinse["Geza Zvinyoro Zvinyoro Zvokudya zvakasvibiswa neSterle Saline kana Yakachena Inotonhorera Mvura yepombi (Usakwesha)"]
    Rinse --> Wrap["Putira Tissue Zvizere muGauze kana Mucheka Wakachena Wakanyoroveswa neSaline/Mvura (Wring Out Yakawandisa)"]
    Wrap --> Bag1["Isa Matishu Akaputirwa Mukati meYakachena, isina Mvura yeZip-Yepamusoro Yepurasitiki Bag uye Nama zvakasimba."]
    Bag1 --> Bag2["Zadza Mugaba Mukuru Wechipiri kana Bhegi rePurasitiki neHalf Ice uye Hafu Mvura Inotonhora"]
    Bag2 --> Float["Isa Chisimbiso cheTissue Bag PAMUSORO peIce-Mvura Bag (Usambobata Ice Zvakananga)"]
    Float --> Label["Label Bhegi rineZita reMurwere uye Nguva Yakananga Yekukuvara uye Ruoko Kunanga kuTriage Mukoti"]

Sayenzi yekutonhora ischemia nguva uye nei yakananga ice inoparadza munwe¶

Kana digit yadimburwa kubva muropa rayo, masero ayo anopinda munzvimbo inonzi ischemia (oxygen nzara):

• Warm vs cold ischemia windows: Pane yakajairika tembiricha yemukamuri (inodziya ischemia), tishu isina tsandanyama (semunwe, ine tendon, bhonzo, tsinga, uye ganda, nepo tsandanyama dzinoifambisa dzichigara kumashure paruoko) dzinotanga kutambura kuparara kweserura kusingadzoreki mushure memaawa anenge 6 kusvika gumi nemaviri **. Nekutonhodza chigunwe chadamburwa kusvika ku 4 madhigirii celsius (39 madhigirii Fahrenheit), kudiwa kweokisijeni yemetabolism kunoderera zvakanyanya, zvichiwedzera hwindo rinogoneka rekudyarwazve kwemicrovascular kusvika ku 12 kusvika kumaawa 24.
• ** Usambofa wakaisa chikamu chakachekwa zvakanangana neaizi kana chando chakaoma**: Kana ukadonhedza chigunwe chisina kuchekwa mubhegi remazaya echando, kana kurongedza aizi zvakasimba pabhegi rakatetepa risina chivhariso chemucheka, nyama inotonhora iri pasi pe0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). Makristasi echando anoumba mukati memicroscopic capillary madziro uye maseru, zvichikonzera iatrogenic frostbite. Chiremba anovhiya haakwanisi kubatanidzazve munwe wakaoma nechando; nyama inoshanduka kuva dema uye kufa kunyange kana ropa richiyerera.
• ** Usafe wakanyudza chikamu chakachekwa mukapu yemvura, saline, kana mukaka**: Kunyudza chigunwe chakachekwa mugirazi remvura kana saline kunokonzera osmotic maceration (kuyerera kwemvura nekuzvimba kwemaserura), izvo zvinokuvadza kutetepa kwekupedzisira kwemidziyo yeropa uye kunoparadza ganda rekubatanidza. Iyo matishu inofanirwa kuchengetwa ** yakanyorova, isina kunyura **, mukati mehomwe yakaoma yepurasitiki yakavharwa iyo yakatonhodzwa kubva kunze nekugeza-mvura yechando.
• Usamboshandisa doro rekukwesha, hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, kana sipo pachikamu chakachekwa: Mishonga inorwisa utachiona inonzi cytotoxic (inouraya mafuta anorarama ari pachena, dermis, uye endothelial cells pakubata). Siya yakadzika antiseptic kuchenesa kune timu yekuvhiya mukamuri yekuvhiya.

Nzira yekumisa kuoma kwemunwe kubuda ropa kunoramba kuchinyorova nemabhandiji¶

Vanhu vazhinji vanovhunduka apo mandoline yakachekwa pamuromo wechigunwe chikuru kana kuti chigunwe che index ichiri kubuda ropa maminitsi makumi maviri gare gare pasinei nekuiputira mumapepa. Muzviitiko zvese, kubuda ropa kunoramba kuchibva pamuromo wemunwe kunoitika nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvitatu zvinozivikanwa zverubatsiro rwekutanga.

Gadzirisa zvikanganiso zvitatu izvi kuti umise chigunwe chekubuda ropa¶

1. Rega kushandisa matauro epepa kana matishu ekumeso paronda rakavhurika: Mapepa matauro nematishu akagadzirwa kuti aise mvura nekukasira kuburikidza nekuita kwecapillary, uye tambo dzawo dzakakasharara dzehuni dzinonamira muropa rinogwamba. Paunokweva tauro repepa rine ropa paronda remandoline, unokwenya chivharo chose uye wosiya kumashure kwemapepa asingaoneki. Shandisa masiponji egauze akarukwa asina mbereko, tauro retii risiri terry, kana T-shirt yedonje yakachena pane kudaro.
2. Nyonya mativi echigadziko chemunwe (paanomhanya tsinga dzedhijitari): Kana kudzvanya zvakananga pamuromo mbishi wemunwe kuchirwadza zvakanyanya kana kuti kusiri kunonoka ropa nekukurumidza, yeuka ruoko rwako rwemuviri: tsinga mbiri dzedhijitari dzinopa kumunwe unomhanya ne kuruboshwe nekurudyi mativi emunwe (kwete kumusoro kana pasi). Uchiri kuchengeta gauze gobvu pedhi pamusoro pepipi mbishi neruoko rumwe, shandisa chigunwe chikuru nechigunwe cherumwe ruoko kudzvanya zvakasimba kukuruboshwe nekurudyi kwechigunwe chakuvadzwa pedyo negumbo repazasi wakabata ruoko kumusoro pamusoro pemoyo wako. Izvi zvinoita sechinyoro, chakanangana nemanyorero tourniquet patsinga dzedhijitari uye zvinononotsa kuyerera kweropa kusvika kumuromo mukati memaminitsi matatu kusvika mashanu kuitira kuti chivharo chakasimba chigadzire pajecha.
3. Usambofa wakabvisa chikamu chepasi chegezi kana kubuda ropa kwamira: Kana kuputika kwemandoline kunozomisa kubuda ropa mushure memaminitsi 15 kusvika ku20 ekumanikidzwa kwakasimba, chikamu chepasi chegezi chinonamira zvakasimba pamubhedha weronda mbishi negwaro refibrin rakaomeswa. **Usabvisa iyo yepasi gauze layer kumba *. Kubvisa gauze yakaoma kubva patsva mandoline crater kunobva kwatangazve kubuda ropa rinorema kubva kune yega arteriole yakavhurika uye kukonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Pane kudaro, chengetedza gauze iripo panzvimbo netepi yepepa uye enda kukiriniki yekukurumidzira kana dhipatimendi rekukurumidzira, uko varapi vanogona kunyorovesa kupfeka ne sterile lidocaine-epinephrine solution (iyo yose inoderedza magumo etsinga uye inomisa tsinga dzeropa) uye kuitsiva neine specialized ** non-adherent silicone kana petrolatum mesh, Adaptic mesh kana Adaptic dressing.

Maitiro ekuita 60-sekondi tsinga uye tendon kuzviongorora pane ruoko rwakachekwa¶

Dzimwe nguva kutsvedza nebanga rekumisa uchicheka avocado ("Avocado Hand"), kucheka bheji rakabatwa muchanza chako, kana kuti deboning nyama inoita diki zvinoshamisa 1-centimita (0.4-inch) kubayiwa kana ronda ronda rinomisa kubuda ropa mukati memaminitsi gumi. Nekuda kwekuchekwa kwepamusoro kunoratidzika kunge kudiki, vanhu vazhinji vanoisa bhandeji rinonamira pairi uye vosvetuka chiremba, ndokuzozoona mushure memavhiki kuti vakadimbura tsinga yakadzika kana tsinga iyo yave kudzoreredza uye nemavanga pasi, zvinoda kuvhiyiwa kwakaoma kwekuvakazve.

Kana kubuda ropa kwadzorwa, tarisa mabasa matatu aya pane chero kucheka kuruoko, wrist, kana zvigunwe:

• 1. The Two-Sided Sensation Check (Digital Nerves): Vhara maziso ako uye ita kuti mumwe munhu apuruzire zvinyoro nyoro rutivi rworuboshwe rwepedhi yemunwe wako wakuvara uye ipapo rutivi rworudyi rwepedhi uchishandisa muromo wetishu kana donje swab, uchienzanisa kunzwa nemunwe usina kukuvara. Nekuti tsinga yedhijitari yakaparadzana inodzika parutivi rumwe norumwe rwechigunwe chako, diki diki kune rimwe divi remunwe rinogona kusiya hafu yemunwe yave chiveve zvachose kana kurira. Chero chiveve kana kurasikirwa kwekunzwa kure kusvika (kupfuura) kuchekwa kweruoko kunoda kuongororwa kwekurapa kwe microsurgical nerve repair.
• 2. Iyo Isolated Tip-Joint uye Middle-Joint Bend Check (Flexor Tendons): Munwe mumwe nomumwe une maviri akasiyana flexor tendon padivi remuchindwe: iyo superficialis tendon inokotama bhandi repakati (PIP joint), nepo * profundus * tendon inofamba ichienda kumunwe wepfupa kuti ukotame iyo chaiyo tip (DIP knu). Kuti uedze yakadzika profundus tendon, isa ruoko rwako-kumusoro patafura, bata chikamu chepakati chemunwe wakuvara wakafuratira patafura nerumwe ruoko rwako, uye edza ku ** kukotamisa muromo chaiwo wemunwe kumusoro **. Kuti uedze tendon ye superficialis, bata zvimwe zvigunwe zvako zvitatu zviri pedyo zvakati sandara patafura uye edza kukotamisa chigunwe chakuvadzwa pachipfuva chepakati. Kana joini rikatadza kukotama, kana kukotama kuchikonzera kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mukati mechanza, enda kukamuri yekukurumidzira kana nyanzvi yemaoko nekukurumidza.
• 3. Kunyatsotwasuka Kwekutarisa (Extensor Tendons): Isa chanza chako patafura uye simudza chigunwe chakuvadzwa chakananga mudenga, uchitarisa kuti zvese bhodhoro repagadziko, gumbo repakati, uye pfuko remuromo rinotwasuka riine simba rakafanana nererumwe ruoko rwako. Kana iyo chaiyo chigunwe chemunwe wako ichidzika pasi uye isingakwanise kutwasanudzwa pasi pesimba rayo (yakavhurika yakavhurika ** Mallet Finger ** kukuvara), iyo terminal extensor tendon yakachekwa uye inoda kupatsanurwa kana kugadziriswa.

Njodzi dzakakosha dzehutachiona: nyama mbishi, huku, nehove marara pamapanga ekukicheni¶

Kuchekwa kubva pabanga rakachena kucheka apuro kunotakura njodzi yeutachiona yakaderera pane kutemwa nebanga kana chidimbu chakavharwa nemuto wehuku, ropa renguruve, mvura yehove, kana hove mbishi.

• Huku mbishi, nyama yenguruve, uye kusvibiswa kwenyama yemombe: Mapanga anoshandiswa panyama mbishi anogona kubaya makomba akadzika emaoko zvakananga Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, kana Campylobacter. Nekuti michindwe nemunwe flexor tendon sheaths zvakavharwa, zvisina vascularized fluid nzvimbo, mabhakitiriya akaunzwa nebanga rakapinza point mukati me tendon sheath anogona kukonzera **pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis ** (chimbichimbi chekuvhiya chinoratidzwa neina Kanavel zviratidzo: sausage yunifomu-kufanana kuzvimba kwemunwe wese, chigunwe chakabatwa munzira yakakotama zvishoma, tendon yakakomba uye kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. ungozvibata uchitwasanudza munwe wako).
• Hove mbishi, shrimp, gakanje, nemateko emaoyster (Vibrio vulnificus uye Mycobacterium marinum): Kana ukacheka kana kuboora ruoko rwako paunenge uchichenesa hove dzemvura ine munyu mbishi, uchisvuura shrimp mbishi, kana kusveta oyster, geza ronda racho zvakanaka pasi pemvura yemupombi inoyerera nesipo ine sipo yakapfava uye wobva waudza chiremba kuti abude ropa kwemaminitsi mashanu. * Vibrio vulnificus * (inowanikwa mugungwa rinodziya regungwa, kusanganisira oyster uye finfish kubva ku ** Gulf of Mexico ** nemvura inodziya yegungwa yakafanana) inogona kukonzera kukurumidza kufambira mberi, kutyisidzira hupenyu necrotizing hutachiona hwehutachiona mukati me12 kusvika kumaawa 24, kunyanya muvanhu vane chirwere chechiropa, chirwere cheshuga, uye hutachiona hunoda hutachiona husina simba. chizvarwa chechitatu cephalosporin) pane chiyero cheganda chinorwisa mabhakitiriya.
• Mamiriro ekudzivirira kwetetanus: Tarisa pawakapedzisira kugamuchira tetanus toxoid booster (Tdap kana Td). Kune chero kucheneswa kudiki kuchekwa, booster inokurudzirwa kana yave inopfuura *10 makore ** kubva pamushonga wako wekupedzisira; kune chero ronda ripi zvaro rakadzika, rakapwanyika, kana rekudya-nevhu-rakasvibiswa (senge mbatatisi-peel mandoline yakachekwa kana nyama yakachekwa nebanga), nhungamiro yezvekurapa kubva kuUS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), UK National Health Service (NHS), uye World Health Organisation (WHO) inokurudzira tetanus booster kana yave kubva ** makore mashanu apfuura kana kupfuura.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa¶

Kwatariswa¶

• American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH, United States): * Handcare Clinical Guide on Fingertip Injuries, Amputations, Replantation Tissue Preservation, Flexor uye Extensor Tendon Injuries, uye Nail Bed Trauma *.
• American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS, United States): OrthoInfo Clinical Practice Guidelines paFingertip Injuries uye Amputations, Digital Nerve Lacerations, uye Acute Hand Wound Management.
• American Red Cross uye International Federation yeRed Cross neRed Crescent Societies (ARC / IFRC, International): Nhungamiro Yerubatsiro Rwekutanga Kwekubuda Kweropa Kwakanyanya Kwekunze, Nguva Yekudzvanya Kwakananga, Kukwidziridzwa, uye Kutarisirwa Kwezvikamu Zvomuviri Zvakagurwa.
• National Health Service neBritish Society for Surgery of the Hand (NHS / BSSH, United Kingdom): Patient and Emergency Department Pathways for Hand Lacerations, Fingertip Avulsion Dressing Protocols, uye Tetanus Prophylaxis.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Nhungamiro yeClinical pamusoro peMaronda Ekudzivirira kweTetanus Prevention (Tdap/Td Booster Intervals) uye Vibrio vulnificus Maronda Emaronda kubva kuRaw Seafood Handling.
• American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS Stop the Bleed, United States): * Hemorrhage Control Protocols for Extremity and Digital Vascular Injuries *.

Mazano anoenderana¶

• Kubuda ropa kwakanyanya
• Zvichekwa uye zvikwapuro
• Shock
• Kitchen moto