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Polar Vortex, Yakanyanya Mhepo Kutonhora, uye Sub-Zero Arctic Kubuda Kupona

Nhamba dze emergency dzinosiyana nenyika. Iri peji rinoshandisa 911, nhamba yeUnited States neCanada. Dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzinoshandisa 112, 999, kana imwe nhamba. Tsvaga nhamba yenyika yako.

A polar vortex disruption kana kunyanya kupararira kweArctic kunoitika kana stratospheric netropospheric low-pressure circulation ichivharira mhepo inotonhora pamusoro peNorth Pole inopera simba, kupatsanuka, kana kutenderera kumaodzanyemba, zvichiita kuti mweya wemukondinendi usvike \(-25^\circ\text{0{0{0}\)\rc\rctext{0{0{C}$\rc\rc \(5. (\)-13^\circ\text{F}$ to \(-58^\circ\text{F}\)) ichinyura muNorth America, Europe, kana Asia. Kana tembiricha yemhepo yepasi-zero yasangana nemhepo ine simba ye40 kusvika 80 kilometres paawa (25 kusvika 50 mamaira paawa), zvinozoitika Wind Chill Index inodonha kusvika ku \(-40^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-60^\circ\text{C}\) ($\40^Frc\circ\circ} \(-76^\circ\text{F}\)). Paaya akanyanya convective kupisa-kurasikirwa mitengo, pachena ganda remunhu rinoomesa chando (frostbite ) mu pasi pe5 kusvika 10 maminetsi , mabhatiri ekutangisa mota anorasikirwa kusvika ku 60 muzana ye cranking amperage , mafuta edhiziri muparafini wax mukati memitsara yemafuta, uye akaremerwa akaremerwa emagetsi ematunhu magridi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi anogona kutadza kubuda. 100 muzana kukwanisa.

Maererano neUnited States National Weather Service (NWS), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), uye Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), kutonhora kwakanyanya kunouraya vanhu vakawanda kuburikidza nematambudziko matatu anodzivirirwa kupfuura chero njodzi ipi zvayo yechando: ** acute hypothermia uye frostbite ** muvatyairi vakavharirwa mumigwagwa yecarbon monoxide (CO $). chepfu ** mukati medzimba uchishandisa mabhaibheri maheater asina kuchengetedzeka panguva yekudzima kwegridi, uye kurwiswa kwemoyo wemoyo kunokonzereswa nekutonhora-mhepo coronary vasoconstriction panguva yekunze kushingaira. Kuti uwane zvakajairika blizzard uye kugadzirira kwechando, ona yedu madutu echando anotungamira; nokuda kwekudziya kwekiriniki yekukuvara kwechando, ona hypothermia uye frostbite rubatsiro rwekutanga.

Usambofa Wakamhanya Jenareta, Chitofu cheMarasha, Chitofu cheKambi, kana Ovheni yeGasi yekupisa Mukati meImba Yako kana Garage.

Munguva yekudzima kwemagetsi epasi-zero polar vortex (sekunge Kukadzi 2021 Texas grid kuoma kwakasvika ku Gulf of Mexico pamhenderekedzo, kana kuchamhembe kwemhepo yechando), mazana emhuri anotambura nekuuraya carbon monoxide ($CO $) muchetura muhusiku humwe chete. ** Usambofa washandisa inotakurika peturu/propane jenareta mukati memba, pasi pepasi, kana garaji rakabatanidzwa, kunyangwe gonhi regaraji rakavhurika zvakanyanya.** Isa majenareta angangoita 6mita (mafiti makumi maviri) kunze kure nemahwindo ese nemapopopotera, usambopisa marambi emarasha mukati memba, uye ** imba yekubikira isina kuvhurika* ine ganhi*.

Ita izvi ikozvino

  1. Bvisa zana muzana reganda rakashama usati wabuda panze kana Wind Chill yarova \(-28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-18^\circ\text{F}\)) kana kutonhora. Pakutonhora kwe\(-35^\circ\text{C}\) to \(-48^\circ\rctext{0}\)\(ci\)$\(ci\) }$F\(-55^\circ\text{F}\)), ganda risina kuvharwa pamhino dzako, matama, nzeve, uye zvigunwe zvinooma mu5 kusvika 10 maminetsi. Pfeka mu ** matatu akasununguka, asiri edonje akaturikidzana** (polypropylene-wicking polypropylene kana merino wool base layer, mvere refu kana pasi inodzivirira yepakati, uye ganda rekunze risingapindi mhepo/risingapinde mvura), pfeka ** insulated mittens panzvimbo yemagirovhosi eminwe **, vhara kumeso kwako ne *balaclava uye ski mutsipa kana machira mweya unotonhora usati wadziya usati warova mapapu ako.
  2. Usambofa wakabata simbi isina chinhu, maturusi, mubato wegonhi remota, kana mazoro emafuta ane ganda rakanyorova muchando chiri pasi-zero. Pazasi \(-15^\circ\text{C}\) (\(5^\circ\text{F}\)), simbi inobvisa kupisa kubva paganda remunhu nekukurumidza nezviuru zvenguva kupfuura mhepo, ichiomesa nekuomesa zvigunwe* zvehunyoro* pahunyoro* ganda rako kune simbi, kana kukonzera pakarepo kemikari yakakomba-Plus-thermal frostbite kana mvura peturu, dhiziri, kana windshield washer fluid ikapfap Gara uchipfeka nitrile yakatetepa kana yekugadzira liner magurovhosi pasi pemittens yako inorema paunenge uchiwedzera mafuta kana kushanda pamotokari.
  3. Kana choto chako chikatadza kushanda kana kuti grid yemagetsi ikadonha mukutonhora kwepasi-ziro: Vhara imba yese uye uvake "Micro-Room Tent" imwe chete mukati mepasi-pasi-pasi kana mukamuri repiri. Usaedze kudziyisa imba ine 200-square-metres (2,000-square-foot) imba pasina magetsi. Sarudza ** imba diki yemukati** (yakatarisa kumaodzanyemba iine mahwindo mashoma, kwete pasi pekongiri inonyorovesa), turika magumbeze anorema kana mabhegi ekurara pamusoro pemusuwo nemahwindo, ** dzika tende remusasa pamusoro pemubhedha kana yemba yekutandarira , unganidza metiresi yega yega, munyaradzi, uye nhengo yemhuri (kusanganisira mhuka dzinovaraidza) mukati metende iroro, tic-drayita mhepo inodziya 3-mamita matatu. cheka pombi dzako dzemvura kuti dzirege kuputika.
  4. Kana mota yako ikatsvedza kana kutsvedza kubva mumugwagwa muzasi-zero kuputika kweArctic: GARA MUKATI MUMOTO uye bvisa pombi yepombi muchando usati wamhanyisa injini. Kufamba kiromita imwe mu \(-45^\circ\text{C}\) ($-49^\circ\text)inokonzeresa mhepo, mhepo yakachena uye inouraya hypothermia mumaminitsi makumi maviri. Gara mukati mekabhini yemotokari yako isingapindi mhepo, fonera nhamba yako ye emergency emergency (911 kuUnited States neCanada, 112 kuEuropean Union, 999 kuUnited Kingdom, kana kuona zvese nhamba dze emergency), enda kunze kutanga kunochera 1-mita (mamita matatu) kucheneruka kutenderedza kumashure kwepombi yepombi kuitira kuti kabhoni monoxide isakwanise kudzoka mukabhini, uye mhanyisa injini kwe 10 kusvika 15 maminetsi awa yega yega hwindo rekudzika nemhepo rakatsemuka 1 centimita (0.5 inches).
  5. Dziyisa zvigunwe, zvigunwe, nzeve, kana mhuno CHETE nekudziya kwemuviri kana \(37^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(39^\circ\text{C}\) (\(98.6^\circ\text{F}\) to \(102.2^\circ\text{F}\)) inodziya kana ganda rechando, NEVER kugeza mvura yechando pfumbu-yero, yakaoma, uye yaita chiveve, isa zvigunwe zvakarumwa nechando zvakananga muhapwa* dzako dzinodziya kana kuti isa tsoka dzine chando padumbu rinodziya remumwe mudiwa mukati mebhachi ravo. Usambofa wakakwesha ganda rinenge rakarumwa nechando (kukwesha makristasi echando echando mukati metsinga dzeropa dzisina kusimba), usamboshandisa mvura inopisa, mapedhi ekudziisa, kana kufuridzira hita yemotokari yedhidhibhodhi inopinza pamaoko ane chiveve (ganda rakaita chiveve rinotsva pasina kurwadziwa), uye *usambofa wanyorovesa tsoka dzisati dzatomborohwa nechando muchipatara (the Freeze-Thaw-Refreeze Rule).
  6. Chengetedza pombi dzemvura dzemumba mako Husiku husati hwadoka apo tembiricha dzinodzikira pasi pe \(-7^\circ\text{C}\) (\(20^\circ\text{F}\)). Vhura magonhi ekicheni nekabhati yekugezera pasi pemasingi emadziro ekunze kuitira kuti kupisa kwekamuri kusvike papombi dzemvura, bvisa mapombi ekunze egadheni, uye batidza zvose inopisa neinotonhora papombi iri kure* mumba. penzura-lead trickle** (mvura inofamba inopikisa kutonhora uye inobvisa inoparadza yakadzika pasi pemvura ice-expansion pressure inoputika copper nePEX pombi).

Polar vortex uye yakanyanyisa sub-zero yekupona sarudzo inoyerera

Shandisa iyi triage yesarudzo yemuti kana Yakanyanyisa Kutonhora Yambiro kana Wind Chill Warning (\(\le -30^\circ\text{C}\) to \(-45^\circ\text{C}\) [\(-22^\circ\text{F}\) to \(-49^\circ\text{F}\)]) yapihwa nharaunda yako.

flowchart TD
    Start["Polar Vortex / Arctic Outbreak Emergency:<br/>Ambient Temp -20 C kusvika -45 C (-4 F kusvika -49 F)<br/>ine Mhepo Inotonhora -35 C kusvika -60 C (-31 F kusvika -76 F)"] --> Situation{"Ndeipi <br/>nzvimbo yako yekukurumidza?"}

    Situation -->|"1. MUMUMBA HASINA SIMBA KANA KUPISA<br/>Gridhi Kudzima kana Kutadza Kwechoto"| IndoorNoHeat["INDOOR MICRO-CIMATE SURVIVAL:<br/>1. Batanidza mhuri & mhuka dzinovaraidza mukamuri IMWE diki yemukati <br/>2. Misa tende pamubhedha/kapeti & murwire magumbeze pamusoro payo<br/>3. Usamboshandisa hovhoni dzegasi, marasha, kana kuti propane isina kuvhuvhuta mumba<br/>4. Chengetedza majenareta anotakurika >= 6 m (20 ft) KUNZE kure nemapombi <br/>5. Dzima vharafu huru yemvura & mapombi emvura kana tembiricha yemukati yadonha <= 2 C (35 F)"]

    Situation -->|"2. AKAMIRIRWA MUMOTA MUGWAJWA MUKURU<br/>Injini Yakamiswa, Bhatiri Rakafa, kana Snowdrift"| StrandedCar["SUB-ZERO VARVIVAL:<br/>1. GARA MUKATI MUMOTA (Usambofa wabuda kunze uchitonhora mhepo ye sub-zero)<br/>2. Chera chando kure neRear Exhaust Tailpipe PAKATANGA <br/>3. Mhanya injini 10 kusvika 15 mins paawa ine downwind hwindo rakatsemuka 1 cm<br/>4. Isa vafambi vese pasi pemagumbeze akagovaniswa & chengetedza tsoka dziri pauriri hunotonhora<br/>5. ZveMota dzeMagetsi (EVs): Chinja ku 'Camp / Utility Mode' & zvigaro zvekupisa"]

    Situation -->|"3. KUDIKIDZIRWA KUNZE PANZE NERUtsoka<br/>Emergency Repair, Rescue, or Famba"| OutdoorWalk["5-MINUTE KUDZIVIRIRA FROSTBITE:<br/>1. Kuvhara 100% yeganda: Balaclava + Ski Goggles (inodzivirira kutonhora kwekorneal)<br/>2. Kufema kuburikidza nemvere dzemakwai/scarf (inodzivirira kutonhora kwebronchospasm)<br/>3. Pfeka 3 loose layers + windproof shell + Mittens (haamboome bhutsu)<br/>4. Usambodikitira mu base layer (unzip vents kana uchishanda nesimba)"]

    Situation -->|"4. ZVINOFUNGWA KUTI KURWARA ZVINOFUNGWA<br/>Nzvimbo Waxy Ganda kana Kubvunda Kwakashata / Kuvhiringidzika"| ColdInjury{"Is it Localized Frostbite<br/>kana Systemic Hypothermia?"}

    ColdInjury -->|"Chiveve, Muchena/Wakisi, Ganda Rakaoma<br/>(Zvigunwe, Zvigunwe, Mhino, Nzeve)"| FrostbiteTx["FROSTBITE FIRST AID:<br/>1. Isa minwe muhapwa dzinodziya (skin-to-skin heat)<br/>2. Kana wapinda mumba zvakachengeteka: Nyura mu37 C kusvika 39 C (99 F kusvika 102 F) mvura<br/>3. Usambokwesha ganda & USAFUNGA kunyunguduka kana matishu anogona kutonhora zvakare"]

    ColdInjury -->|"Mhirizhonga Kudedera Kumira -> Matauriro Akashata, <br/>Kugumburwa, Kuvhiringidzika, kana Kufenda"| HypoTx["HYPOTHERMIA YAKAKAISHA (Core <32 C / 90 F):<br/>1. Fonera 911/112/999 nekukasika<br/>2. Bata akuvara ZVINYORORO (kushata kwekufamba kunokonzeresa V-Fib kusungwa)<br/>3. Bvisa hembe dzakanyorova, putira mumhute chipingamupinyi + magumbeze, hunde inodziya kutanga"]

Mhepo Yepamutemo Chill Index uye Frostbite Nguva-ku-Freeze Chart (NWS / ECCC Standards)

Kutonhora kwemhepo hakusi manzwiro epfungwa: kuyerwa kwemunyama kuti mhepo inofamba inokurumidza kubvisa sei muganhu wemhepo inodziya (\(1\text{ kusvika }3\text{millimeters}\) thick) iyo muviri wako unopenya paganda rako. Cherechedza zvinhu zviviri zvakakosha thermodynamic chokwadi: 1. Kutonhora kwemhepo hakugone kutonhodza chinhu chisina upenyu chiri pasi petembiricha yemhepo chaiyo, asi inotonhodza chinhu (seredhiyata yemotokari, pombi yemvura, kana dama remunhu) zvichidzika kusvika pakudziya kwepasi pe zero 5 kusvika ka10 nekukurumidza kupfuura mweya wakadzikama. 2. Kamwe mweya wemumhepo wakadzika pasi pe\(0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(32^\circ\text{F}\)), sipidhi yako yekufambisa inogadzira kutonhora kwayo yega, kuchovha chimotikari chechando, bhasikoro, kana kuchovha motokari yakavhurika pa **\(50\text{ km/h}\) (\(30\text{ mph}\)rc)*2{C}$ci $)*2{C} $ci \()*2 pakadzikama (\)-4\circ\text{F}\() zuva rinoputika chiso chako ne **\)-35\circ\text{C}$ (\(-31^\circ\text{F}\)) mhepo inotonhorera **.

Ambient Air Temperature Kumhanya Kwemhepo: \(24\text{ km/h}\) (\(15\text{mph}\)) Kumhanya Kwemhepo: \(48\text{ km/h}\) (\(30\text{mph}\)) Kumhanya Kwemhepo: \(72\text{ km/h}\) (\(45\text{mph}\)) Nguva kusvika Rakafumurwa Ganda Rechiso Rakaoma (Frostbite)
\(-12^\circ\text{C}\) (\(10^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-21^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-7^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-24^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-12^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-27^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-16^\circ\text{F}\)) Hapana chando chiriporipo paganda rakaoma rine hutano, kunyangwe njodzi yekukurumidza hypothermia kana yakanyorova kana isina kupfeka zvakakwana.
\(-18^\circ\text{C}\) (\(0^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-19^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-32^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-26^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-34^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-29^\circ\text{F}\)) 30 Maminitsi kana mhepo yatonhora yasvika \(-28^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-18^\circ\text{F}\)) kana kutonhora.
\(-26^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-15^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-38^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-37^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-43^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-45^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-45^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-49^\circ\text{F}\)) Maminitsi gumi kana mhepo yatonhora yasvika \(-37^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-35^\circ\text{F}\)) kana kutonhora.
\(-34^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-30^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-48^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-55^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-53^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-63^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-56^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-68^\circ\text{F}\)) Maminitsi mashanu kana mhepo yatonhora yasvika \(-48^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-55^\circ\text{F}\)) kana kutonhora.
\(-40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-40^\circ\text{F}\)) (Panosangana zvikero zveCelsius neFahrenheit) \(-56^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-69^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-61^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-78^\circ\text{F}\)) \(-64^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-84^\circ\text{F}\)) Pasi peMaminitsi maviri kusvika kuMashanu: Makonea akafumurwa emaziso anogona kugwamba kana kubwaira ikanonoka mumhepo yakananga; ganda risina kuvharwa rinotambura nechando chakadzika-chizere chechando.

Yakadzika dive 1: Maitiro ekupona neakawanda-mazuva sub-zero magetsi kudzima mukati meimba inotonhora

Kana polar vortex inotsemuka ichienda kumaodzanyemba, kunyanya munzvimbo dzepakati-latitude dzine dzimba nemagidhi emagetsi zvisina kuvharirwa kutonhora kweArctic, senge Kukadzi 2021 North American Winter Storm (Uri) yakaomesa magasi egasi nema turbines emhepo kubva kuMidwest kuenda kuTexas Mazuva manomwe** apo tembiricha yekunze inogara pa \(-15^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-30^\circ\text{C}\) (\(5^\circ\text{F}\) to \(-22^\circ\text{F}\)). (Gulf of Mexico)

Pasina kupisa, avhareji yemba yemapuranga-frame yemazuva ano inorasikirwa ne\(1^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(2^\circ\text{C}\) (\(2^\circ\text{F}\) kusvika \(4^\circ\text{F}\)) paawa kusvikira imba yekutandarira yadonha pasi pechando (\(0^\circ\text{C}\) [\(32^\circ\text{**2\)) mukati memaawa ***2$. Tevedza iyi 4-nhanho yemukati yekupisa engineering chirongwa:

Danho 1: Vaka "Kamuri-Mukati-Mumba-Mukati-Mumba" (Iyo Tende Yemukati Method)

Chikanganiso chikuru chinoitwa nevanhu munguva yechando kuyedza kuita kuti makamuri akawanda adziye, kana kubatirana pasi pegumbeze rimwe chete pasofa muimba huru yekutandarira ine sirin'i yemamita matatu. 1. Sarudza Kamuri Diki Rimwechete: Sarudza imba diki yekurara kana yekufunda (zvakanakira **pauriri hwepasi kana yechipiri pauriri hwezasi-yakatarisana neimba ** saka masikati machena anodziya madziro, uye akakomberedzwa nemamwe makamuri anoita seyakafa-air buffer insulation). Vhara magonhi kune mamwe makamuri ese ari mumba uye zvinhu zvakamonerwa matauro pasi pegonhi rakatsemuka. 2. Nyora Windows neCold Floor: Chipikiri, chidziviriro, kana tepi-tepi magumbeze eshinda anorema, mapedhi anofambisa, kuputira, kana macomforter akavharirwa pamusoro pemahwindo ekamuri yako yaunosarudza (magirazi asina magirazi maburi matema anopisa muviri wako kunze kweusiku husiku). Fukidza pasi matanda akaoma kana mataira nemaragi akakora, makadhibhokisi akapepetwa, kana yoga mats. 3. Misa Tende Rokumisikidza Mukati Pamusoro PeMubhedha: Misa tende renaironi redome (kana kufukidza magumbeze pamusoro pemacheya mana eimba yekudyira/tafura kuti iite yakaderera \(1.2\text{-mita}\)-yakakwirira canopy fort) zvakananga pamusoro pemetiresi. - Nei Izvi Zvichishanda Thermodynamically: Wese munhu mukuru akazorora muviri wemunhu i **100-watt biological heater **. Muimba yekutandarira hombe (\(150\text{ cubic metres}\) yemhepo), vanhu vakuru vaviri vanogadzira 200 watts ekupisa kwemuviri havakwanise kukwidza tembiricha yemumba kunyange \(1^\circ\text{C}\). Mukati metende rakavharwa revanhu vatatu rakafukidzwa nemanyaradzi maviri (\(3\text{ cubic metres}\) of air), **vakuru vaviri nembwa vachasimudza tembiricha yetende yemukati ne\(10^\circ\text{C}\) to \(18^\circ\text{C}\) (\(18^\circ\text{F}\) to $32 circ text over the free bedroom" \(32^\}\) ndega **.

Danho 2: Safe vs. Lethal Indoor Backup Heating Equipment

Shandisa iyi matrix yekuchengetedza kubva kuUS Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) uye National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) usati wabatidza chero murazvo mumba:

Backup Heat Source Wakachengeteka Mumba Panguva Yekudzima Kwemagetsi? Inosungirwa Kuchengetedza & Mitemo Yekufemesa
1. Chitofu chehuni chinopisa huni kana EPA chitofu chehuni (NeFlue Yekuvhurika Inoshanda) HONGU (Yakachengeteka kana chimney flue damper AKAZARA) Wona kuti chimuni chemvura chakavhurika chisati chavhenekwa; kupisa huni dzakaomeswa chete dzakaomeswa (hazvina kumbobvira zvakadzvanywa, matanda akapendwa, kana marasha); chengeta chidhina** chine simba reCarbon Monoxide (\(CO\)) ​​chinoshanda** mumba.
2. Indoor-Yakachengeteka Inotakurika Radiant Propane Heater (Zvakajeka UL-Yakanyorwa Yekushandisa Mumba neODS + Tip Switch, semuenzaniso, Catalytic "Buddy" Heaters) HONGU, NEKUCHENJERA (MAMOdheru CHETE ane otomatiki Oxygen Depletion Sensor [ODS]) Inofanira kuti "Indoor Safe" pane iyo mugadziri label; chengeta inosvika **1 mita (3 tsoka) kure nemagumbeze/matende **; pwanya hwindo \(1\text{ kusvika }2\text{ centimeters}\) (\(0.5\text{ inches}\)) kuitira oxygen itsva; DZIMA munhu wese asati arara kunze kwekunge atariswa nemaalarm maviri anoshanda bhatiri $CO $.
**3. Vented Natural Gasi Wall Virnace kana Isina Simba Gasi Fireplace ** (Millivolt Standing Pilot) HONGU Mazhinji emoto gasi echisikigo uye anodziya emadziro anoshandisa ** 750-millivolt thermopile jenareta ** inopisa neyakamira mutyairi mwenje uye inobatidzwa kuburikidza nemadziro switch ** pasina kuda chero 120V / 230V imba magetsi **.
**4. Kitchen Gasi Range Burners kana Gasi Oveni ine Door Yakavhurika ** Kwete, INOPERA \(CO\) HAZARD Mavheni egasi akagadzirirwa kutenderera nekudzika mukati mebhokisi rakavharwa; kumhanyisa hovhoni yegasi nemusuwo wakavhurika kupisa kicheni kunokurumidza kupedza mukamuri okisijeni uye kunozadza imba nekusanhuhwa carbon monoxide (\(CO\)) uye nitrogen dioxide (\(NO_2\)).
**5. Kunze Patio Propane Heaters, Tank-Pamusoro Kuvaka Heater, Camping Stoves, kana Marasha Grills ** **Kwete, ZVINOBVA MUKATI MUKATI ** Marasha briquettes uye high-BTU panze propane zvinopisa haana oxygen depletion sensors uye kupomba zviuru zvezvikamu pamiriyoni kabhoni monoxide mumba, kuuraya mhuri yose mukurara kwavo mukati 1 kusvika 2 maawa.
6. "Terracotta Ruva Poti Pamusoro peMakenduru Etii" Internet Ngano Kwete, MOTO & KUPISA HAZARD Kenduru imwe chete yewakisi yetii inoburitsa 30 kusvika 40 watts yekupisa (isingasviki hafu yemuviri wemunhu mumwe). Kuisa hari yeruva revhu pamusoro pemakenduru HAZVIWERERI zvemashiripiti kupisa (kuchengetedza simba), asi inogara ichinyungudutsa dziva reparafini kuita \(250^\circ\text{C}\) (\(480^\circ\text{F}\)) bhomba rinopisa rinopisa dzimba dzinotonhora.

Danho rechitatu: Emergency Pipe-Freeze Prevention vs. Emergency Pipe Drain-Down

Kana imba yako ichiri kudziya kana kuti ichigara pamusoro pe \(7^\circ\text{C}\) (\(45^\circ\text{F}\)) mukati, chengetedza mvura ichiyerera nepenzura-lead wide kubva kune pombi dziri kunze kwemadziro. *Zvisinei, kana simba rikaramba riri kunze uye tembiricha yemukati memba yako ikadzika pasi pe \(2^\circ\text{C}\) to \(4^\circ\text{C}\) (\(35^\circ\text{F}\) to \(39^\circ\text{F}\)), pombi inoyerera haichachengete pombi dzako, dzave kuda kuoma mukati memadziro ako. - ** Ita Emergency Yese-Imba Pipe Draini-Pasi **: 1. Zadza mabhavhu ako, mapoto, uye majagi ekunwira nemvura yekuchengetedza kutanga. 2. Tsvaga yako ** Main House Mvura Shutoff Valve ** (muimba yepasi, utility wadhiropu, garajikana mugwagwa curb bhokisi) uye ** bvisa zvachos. 3. Vhura **pombi yega yega inopisa uye inotonhora iri mumba** (kutangira pauriri hwepamusoro uye uchisnda pasi kusvika kune yakaderera yepasi singi yekuwachira kana yekunze hose bhibhu) kuitira kuti simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi rinobvisa mvura yakamira kubva mupombi yakatwasuka inokwira mumadhireni, ichisiya nzvimbo yemhepo mukati mepombi. 4. Geza chimbuzi chega chega kamwe chete kuti ubvise tangi, uye udire kupfapfaidza kwe non-chepfu RV/marine propylene glycol antifreeze, windshield washer fluid, kana tafura munyu/kukwesha doro mumiteyo yakakombama yeP pasi pemasingi nembiya dzechimbuzi kuitira kuti chisimbiso chemvura chetsvina-gasi chisatsemure porcelain.

Yakadzika dive 2: Sub-zero mota kupona, dhiziri gelling, uye Electric Vehicle (EV) inotonhora manejimendi.

Injiniya yemotokari inochinja zvakanyanya kana tembiricha yakadzika pazasi \(-25^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-13^\circ\text{F}\) to \(-40^\circ\text{F}\)):

  1. Sei mabhatiri e12-Volt Lead-Acid Starter Achifa Husiku hwose pa\(-30^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-22^\circ\text{F}\)):
  2. Pa \(0^\circ\text{C}\) (\(32^\circ\text{F}\)), bhatiri remotokari 12-volt rakatorasikirwa ne 35 percent yekemikari yayo Cold Cranking Amps (CCA); pa \(-18^\circ\text{C}\) (\(0^\circ\text{F}\)), inorasikirwa ne 60 percent yesimba rayo, panguva imwe cheteyo mafuta einjini inotonhora, akakora (\(5\text{W-}30\) kana \(10\text{W-}40\)) inoda 200 percent more tork over the crash.
  3. Zvakatonyanya kuipa, ** bhatiri relead-asidhi rakadzimwa zvishoma richaomesa ganda rakasimba uye richatsemura bhokisi rayo repurasitiki pa \(-7^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-15^\circ\text{C}\) (\(19^\circ\text{F}\) to \(5^\circ\text{F}\)), nepo 100% isingazosunungure bhatiri. \(-55^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-67^\circ\text{F}\)). ** Usamboedza kusvetuka-kutanga bhatiri remota rakaomeswa nechando (aizi mukati memahwendefa inokonzera mukati mapfupi maseketi uye kuputika kweasidhi yebhatiri). Chengetedza ** inodziya lithium-ion inotakurika jump-starter pack mukati memba yako kana homwe yejasi ** (kwete muhunde inotonhora).
  4. Nei Injini dzeDhiziri dzichimira muMugwagwa mukuru pazasi \(-12^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-18^\circ\text{C}\) (\(10^\circ\text{F}\) to \(0^\circ\text{F}\)) ("Diesel Waxing / Gelling"):
  5. Standard No. 2 mafuta edhiziri ane chaiwo parafini wax hydrocarbons. Pazasi payo Cloud Point (\(\sim -10^\circ\text{C}\) [\(14^\circ\text{F}\)]), makristasi ewakisi akasimba anobuda mumafuta emvura uye anopfekedza mapepa emafuta sefa, achifa injini nenzara kusvikira yamira mumugwagwa mukuru.
  6. Dziviriro vs. Rescue: Kusati kwatanga kuputika kweArctic, gadzira matangi edhiziri neCold Flow Improver (Anti-Gel additive) kana kusanganisa nedhiziri yeparafini yakaiswa muchando Nhamba 1 icho mafuta achiri kudziya. Kana dhiziri yatove gelled musefa, nguva dzose anti-gel haizoinyunguruse; iwe unofanirwa kutsiva iyo yakavharwa mafuta sefa uye wowedzera yakatsaurwa ** Diesel 911 / De-Gelling Rescue solvent ** kune tangi.
  7. Mota Yemagetsi (EV) Kupona Kana Yakatsikwa muSub-Zero Blizzards:
  8. Mukutonhora kwakanyanya ($ -20 ^\circ\text{C}$ to \(-30^\circ\text{C}\)), EV's drive range inodonha ne 30 to 50 percent nokuti lithium-ion ion mobility inononoka uye cabin/bhatiri kupisa kunoshandisa simba.
  9. Zvisinei, kana yakamiswa yakamira mumugwagwa mukuru wechando kana kuti traffic jam, EV yakachajiswa zvizere kana hafu inokwanisa kuita kuti vanhu varimo vadziye kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana kusvika makumi mana nemasere+ PASISINA kana njodzi yekupedza carbon monoxide:
    • Imwe \(65\text{kusvika }80\text{kWh}\) EV bhatiri pack inoshandisa chete \(1.0\text{kusvika }2.5\text{kilowatts paawa}\) kana yakapakwa yakamira ichimhanyisa pombi yayo yekudziya kana heater.
    • **Maitiro Ekuwedzera Nguva Yekupona EV Yakasungwa **: Chinja mota kuti iite "Camp Mode" kana "Utility Mode" (saka 12V accessory system inogara yakachajiwa kubva kuhombe-voltage pack), dzikisa thermostat yekabhini kuenda ku \(15^\circ\text{C}\) ku \(17{0\}\)rc\text{C}$ ku \(17{0\}\)c\circ$ \(62^\circ\text{F}\)), BASHA zvigaro zvinodziya uye vhiri rinodziisa (conductive contact heat yakananga mumuviri wako inoshandisa chete 50 kusvika 100 watts zvichienzaniswa ne 2,000+ watts yekufuridza mhepo yekabhini inopisa), uye isa kufefetera kwekabhini kuti idzokezve zvishoma.

Iyo 'Freeze-Thaw-Refreeze' Mutemo weDeep Frostbite uye 'Kubata Nyoro' Mutemo weHypothermia Yakanyanya

Mhosho mbiri dzekutanga dzekutanga dzinoshandura kukuvara kunogoneka kwekutonhora kuve kudimburwa kana kusungwa kwemoyo kamwe: 1. Usambonyungudusa tsoka kana ruoko rwakarohwa nechando mumunda kana rikaomazve: Kana zvigunwe zvemufambi zvakaomesa nechando (\(0^\circ\text{C}\) tissue) ukazvinyungudutsira mukati metende, nyama inozvimba nemapupu eropa asina kusimba; kana ivo vozobuda kunze kana tende ranyura uye nyama yakanyungudutswa **inomirazve kechipiri **, yakakura extracellular uye intracellular ice crystals inoumba uye inoparadza 100 muzana yemaseru, ichivimbisa kudimburwa kwekuvhiya. Zvakachengeteka pakurapa kuti munhu afambe netsoka Dzakatooma Nechando pane kudzinyungudusa orega dzichiita chando zvakare. 2. Bata munhu abatwa nechirwere chehypothermic zvakanyanya (amira kudedera uye ari kuvhiringika/kufenda) zvinyoro nyoro sekunge atyoka mutsipa: Kana tembiricha yepakati pemunhu inodzika pasi **\(30^\circ\text{C}\) to \(32^\circ\text{C}\) (\(86^\circ\text{F}*rc\text{9.*\circ\text{9.*\ci\)8)\text\(8\) tsandanyama (myocardium) inoshatirwa zvakanyanya nekugwinha-gwinha uye ropa rinotonhora reacidotic rinomhanya richidzoka kubva mumaoko nemakumbo (afterdrop). Kudzungudza, kubvunda, kana kumanikidza munhu ane hypothermic zvakanyanya kuti asimuke kunogona kukonzera pakarepo ** ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) cardiac arrest **. Zvichengetedze zvakadzikama, cheka zvipfeko zvakanyorova zvinyoro, zvivhare kubva pasi, uye shandisa zviputi zvekupisa chete ku ** mutsipa, muhapwa, uye chifuva (trunk core) **, usambotanga kutonhora maoko nemakumbo; maona hypothermia uye frostbite rubatsiro rwekutanga.

Pre-outbreak yekutarisa isati yasvika Polar Vortex

Pedzisa iyi yekutarisa maawa makumi maviri nemana isati yasvika sub-zero yeArctic air:

  • Edza madhigirii ako eCarbon Monoxide (\(CO\)) ​​woisa mabhatiri matsva ealkaline kana elithium: Chikamu chese chemba yako nenzvimbo yese yekurara inofanira kuva nearamu inoshanda inotsigirwa nebhatiri re$CO $ usati washandisa mavira kana mafito nguva dzose.
  • ** Chengetedza tangi yemafuta emotokari yako inosvika makumi manomwe neshanu kusvika zana muzana (uye EV yakachajwa kusvika pa80 kusvika 90%)**: Tangi yemafuta izere inodzivirira kunyungudika kwehunyoro kubva kuchando mukati memitsara yemafuta (**gasi-mutsetse wechando **) uye inokupa maawa makumi maviri nemana + ekupisa kwekabhini kana wakavharirwa pane imwe nzvimbo.
  • Tarisa kuti dziva rako rekugezesa mhepo rakazadzwa ne\(-35^\circ\text{C}\) kusvika \(-40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-30^\circ\text{F}\) kusvika \(-40^\circ\text{F}\)) De-Icer Fluid: Blue circ washer-5{C\fluid yeblue \(^ (\)23^\circ\text{F}$), kupaza pombi yemvura nekupofomadza windshield yako nechipfapfaidzo chemunyu mumugwagwa mukuru.
  • ** Tsvaga Main Water Shutoff Valve yako uye chengetedza 30-centimita (12-inch) chipanera padivi pacho**: Kana imba yako ikapera simba uye tembiricha yemumba ichisvika kuchando, kuvhara vharafu huru yemvura uye kubvisa pombi kunochengetedza makumi ezviuru zvemadhora mumapombi esirin'i akaputika.
  • Tarisa kudzvanya kwetai kana kuchitonhora: Yese \(5.5^\circ\text{C}\) (\(10^\circ\text{F}\)) kudonha kwemhepo yakadzikama kunoderedza mhepo yetaiyi neinosvika \(7\text{ kusvika }14\text{ kilopascals}\) (\(1\text{ to }2\)text{ PSI). Kudonha kwepolar vortex kwe\(30^\circ\text{C}\) (\(55^\circ\text{F}\)) usiku hwose kunodonhedza matayi ako ne \(40\text{kusvika }75\text{ kPa}\) (\(6\text{ kusvika }11\text{PSI}\)), zvichiita kuti TPMS idzore magetsi kunze kwekunge yadzikisazve magetsi echando.

Kuchengetedza zvipfuyo zvekunze, zvipfuyo, uye vashandi vekunze mu sub-zero inotonhora

  1. Unza imbwa dzese dzepamusha nekatsi mumba: Makushe haana kukwana kuti avhare achipikisa \(-30^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-22^\circ\text{F}\)) mhepo inotonhora; matipi nzeve, matipi emuswe, paw pads, uye scrotal tissues zvinoomesa nechando mumaminitsi. Pukuta munyu wemumugwagwa (kunyanya ** calcium chloride ** uye ** magnesium chloride **, iyo inopisa paw pads nemakemikari uye inokonzera hypernatremia ine chepfu kana ikananzva) kubva pamakumbo embwa yako netauro rinodziya rinonyorova pakarepo mushure mekufamba kwenguva pfupi yekugezera; ona zvedu pet in emergency guide.
  2. Dzivirira zviitiko zvemwoyo zvinokonzerwa nechando panguva yefoshoro yechando uye basa rekunze: Kufema \(-20^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-4^\circ\text{F}\)) mhepo paunenge uchinetseka kusimudza sinou inorema kana kusunda mota yakanamira zvinokonzeresa panguva imwe chete coronary artery artery for a sharp pressure vasoconstriction for the sharp blood pressure kurwisa kwemoyo. Gara uchifema mukati memucheka wakakora wedehwe kana kuti inotonhora-mhepo inopisa-exchanger mask uye dzivirira kumomoterwa kukuru mumhepo yezasi-zero.

Mibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Chii chinonzi "Polar Vortex," uye nei Arctic iri kudziya dzimwe nguva ichitumira \(-40^\circ\text{C}\) (\(-40^\circ\text{F}\)) mhepo kuTexas kana Europe?

Polar vortex imhepo inovhuvhuta isingaperi, inopesana newachi yemhepo inotyisa iri kumusoro mu stratosphere ne troposphere (makiromita 15 kusvika 50 kumusoro kweNyika) iyo inowanzoita sefenzi yemhepo, ichivharira mhepo inotonhora zvikuru yeArctic pamusoro peNorth Pole. Zvisineyi, kana zviitiko zvekuerekana zvichidziya (SSW) kana masaisai emupuraneti akasimba eRossby akanganisa kutenderera ikoko, mhepo inopera simba, inotatamuka sebhande rerabha, kana kupatsanuka kuita mativi maviri. Sekungosiya gonhi refiriza rakavhurika, imwe yeaya lobes e$-35^\circ\text{C}$ kusvika $-50^\circ\text{C}$ polar air inorauka yakananga kumaodzanyemba Canada neUnited States (dzimwe nguva ichisvika kuGulf of Mexico) kana mhiri kweSiberia neEurope.

Mhepo inogona here kuomesa mota yangu kana pombi dzemvura dzemumba kana tembiricha yemhepo iri pamusoro pechando?

Kwete. Kutonhora kwemhepo kunongowedzera mwero wekubviswa kupisa kubva pachinhu chinodziya kusvika kune tembiricha yemhepo; haigoni kutonhodza chinhu chiri pasi pechiyereso chethermometer chaicho chemhepo. Kana tembiricha chaiyo yekunze iri $+2^\circ\text{C}$ ($36^\circ\text{F}$) kuine mhepo inotonhora inosvika $-8^\circ\text{C}$ ($18^\circ\text{F}$), mvura yakavharwa inotonhora kusvika pa$+2^\circ\text{C}$ haizombofa yakatonhora zvikuru muchando. Zvisinei, kana tembiricha chaiyo yemhepo yakadzika pasi pe $0^\circ\text{C}$ ($32^\circ\text{F}$), mhepo ine simba inobvisa kudziya kwakarembera kunze kwemadziro emba, nzvimbo dzinokambaira, uye injini dzemotokari dzakapakwa zvakapetwa kashanu kana gumi kupfuura mhepo yakadzikama, zvichiita kuti pombi dzisina kuvharwa nechando dziite chando nokukurumidza.

Sei zvine njodzi kunwa doro kana kuita dikita kuti "ugare uchidziya" mukutonhora kwezasi-zero?

Zvese doro uye ziya zvinomhanyisa inouraya hypothermia kuburikidza neiyo yakakosha physiology. Kazhinji, paunopinda kutonhora kwakanyanya, muviri wako unosungira pasi tsinga dzeropa muganda rako uye kumagumo (peripheral vasoconstriction) kuchengetedza ropa rinodziya pamwoyo wako, mapapu, uye uropi. Kunwa doro kunodarika iyi inodzivirira reflex uye kunobvisa tsinga dzeropa muganda rako (vasodilation), zvichiita kuti ganda rako rive nekunzwa kwekudziya kwenhema uku uchirasa kupisa kwemuviri wako nekukurumidza kunze kwemhepo inotonhora. Saizvozvo, kushanda nesimba kuti udikitira kunonyorovesa zvipfeko zvako zvemukati-yemukati; nekuti mvura yemvura inoitisa kupisa kure nemuviri wako kakapetwa makumi maviri neshanu kupfuura mweya wakaoma, nguva yaunomira kufamba, iyo shati yakanyorova inotonhodza core yako mukukurumidza hypothermia.

Nei peturu yemvura ichikonzera chando pakarepo kana ichipfachukira pamaoko ako asina chinhu mumamiriro ekunze epasi-zero?

Kusiyana nemvura, inogwamba kuita aizi yakasimba pa$0^\circ\text{C}$ ($32^\circ\text{F}$), peturu yemotokari ine nzvimbo yekuomesa nechando iri pazasi $-40^\circ\text{C}$ to $-60^\circ\text{C}$ ($-40^\circ\text zvichireva{F6{{circ} s a$7), garandi nyika mukati megasi chiteshi hoses uye jerrycans kunyangwe panguva yakaipisisa polar vortex. Kana $-30^\circ\text{C}$ ($-22^\circ\text{F}$) peturu yakanyunguduka ikapfapfaidza pamaoko ako usina kupfeka uchiisa mafuta mumotokari, chinovhuvhuta nechando, kana jenareta, mvura yacho inobva yabudisa kupisa kubva paganda rako UYE yobuda nekukurumidza (kupisa kwakadzikama kwehupfu muhutsi hunoomesa ganda kusvika kuchando). seconds. Gara uchipfeka magirovhosi asingadziviriri mafuta kana uchibata peturu, propane, kana kutanga zvinwiwa mumatembiricha epasi-zero.

Kwatariswa

  • National Weather Service (NWS / NOAA, United States) uye Zvakatipoteredza uye Kuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze Canada (ECCC): Joint North American Wind Chill Index Formula, Time-to-Frostbite Threshold Chart, uye Extreme Cold Warning Protocols.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, United States): Extreme Cold Prevention Guide, Hypothermia and Frostbite Triage, uye Post-Disaster Carbon Monoxide (\(CO\)) ​​Poisoning Surveillance.
  • ** Wilderness Medical Society (WMS) uye American Heart Association (AHA):** Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Frostbite and Accidental Hypothermia (Kubata Nyoro, Trunk-First Rewarming, uye Freeze-Thaw-Refreeze Contraindications).
  • United States Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) uye National Fire Protection Association (NFPA): Winter Power Outage Heating Safety, Portable Generator Placement (6-Meter / 20-Foot Rule), uye Indoor Heater ODS Standards.
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA / Ready.gov, United States) neAmerican Red Cross: Kudzivirira uye Kunyunguduka Mapombi Akaomeswa, Indoor Micro-Climate Shelter-in-Place, uye Winter Highway Stranded Vehicle Survival.

Mazano anoenderana