Rufewar Ruwan Rufewa da Fashewar bango ko Rugujewar filasta¶

Lalacewa, blister, ko ɗigowar rufi ba wai kawai tabon ruwa ba ne; nauyi ne mai aiki sama da ƙasa wanda aka dakatar kai tsaye sama da sararin zama wanda zai iya tsagewa daga joists ɗin katako ba tare da faɗakarwa ba. Ko da cikar bututun wanka na sama, bututun da ya fashe a soron gida, kwandon kwandon kwandishan da ya gaza, ko ruwan guguwa da ke zubowa ta rufin, ruwan da ya taru a saman rufin da sauri yana juya allon gypsum mara nauyi ko filastar lemun tsami zuwa kisa mai kisa. Lita daya na ruwan da aka makale yana nauyin kilogram 1 (galan US yana auna kilo 8.34), kuma kogon rufi guda 3-by-3-mita (10-by-10-kafa) cike da ruwa santimita 2.5 (inci 1) na ruwa da jikakken jika yana ɗaukar sama da kilogiram 225 (fam 500 na katako mai bushewa kawai) makullai.

Abin da ya sa rufin rufin ruwa ya zama mayaudari na musamman shine haɗuwar gazawar injina kwatsam, ɓoyayyun wayoyi na lantarki, da ɓoyayyun abubuwa masu guba a cikin tsofaffin gine-gine. Masu gida sukan yi kuskuren tsayawa kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin blister ɗin fenti mai kumbura don ɗora shi da tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya, sai dai kawai suna da ruwa lita 50 (gallon 13) na ruwa da 30 kilogiram (fam 66) na rigar gypsum board sun faɗo a kai yayin da suke ƙarfafa kududdufin ta cikin akwatin haske da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye. Ɗaukar mataki na ladabtarwa a cikin mintuna uku na farko, share kowa da kowa daga ƙarƙashin magudanar ruwa, kashe wutar lantarki zuwa sama da ƙasa a babban tashar jirgin ruwa, kashe tushen ruwa, da aiwatar da magudanar diagonal kawai lokacin da hukumar kanta ta kasance cikin sauti, yana hana raunin kai da kamuwa da wutar lantarki.

Yi wannan yanzu¶

1. Fitar da duk mutane da dabbobin gida daga ɗakin nan da nan. Matsar da kowa daga ƙarƙashin rufin rufin. Kar a taɓa yin barci, zama, ko tafiya ƙarƙashin rufin da ke nuna ciki na ƙasa, tsattsauran ramuka, ko ɗora kawunan ƙusa, kamar yadda madaidaicin gypsum board da filasta na gargajiya suka gaza nan take ba tare da gargaɗi ba.
2. Kashe wutar lantarki zuwa rufi da kewayen da'irar da ke kusa da babban panel breaker. Kada a jujjuya hasken bangon jika a cikin ɗakin. Tafiya zuwa babban sashin sabis na wutar lantarki kuma kunna ** KASHE *** masu fashewar da ke sarrafa fitilun sama, magoya bayan rufi, da kantuna a cikin ɗakin da abin ya shafa da ƙasa kai tsaye sama da shi. Idan alamun masu karya ba su da tabbas, juya ** Babban Sabis na Cire Haɗin Sabis ** zuwa KASHE.
3. Dakatar da tushen ruwa mai aiki idan ya fito daga kayan aikin famfo na cikin gida ko kayan aikin HVAC. Duba ɗakunan wanka na sama, injin wanki, radiators, da na'urar dumama ruwa ko masu ɗaukar iska. Rufe bawul ɗin rufewa ko kashe ** babban bawul ɗin kashe ruwa na gida ** bin namu fashe bututu jagorar gaggawa. Don leaks guguwa mai aiki, duba mu jagorar ƙugiyar rufin bayan sun tsare dakin da ke kasa.
4. **Bambance tsakanin blister fenti mai sassauƙa da ƙaƙƙarfan allo mai tsauri daga bakin ƙofar. Jakar ruwa mai laushi, mai kama da balloon da aka makale a bayan fenti mai laushi na acrylic za a iya zubar da shi cikin aminci daga kusurwa zuwa cikin guga, yayin da babban baka mai faɗi a kan bangon bangon bangon bango, tsagaggen tef ɗin takarda, ko fashe plaster-da-lath yana nufin jirgin mai nauyi ya ja daga magudanar ruwa kuma yana gab da faɗuwa.
5. ** Ƙirƙiri wani yanki mai damtse daga bakin kofa.** Idan rufin yana ɗigowa kawai ko kuma yana riƙe da ƙaramin fenti, zamewar tatsuniyoyi masu hana ruwa ruwa ko ɗigon robobi a ƙasan ɗigar ta hanyar amfani da tsintsiya daga gefe, sannan a sanya guga mai lita 19 (gallon 5) a ƙarƙashin ɗigon. Zuba wani tsohon tawul akan gefen guga don haka ruwan da ke faɗowa yana gudana a hankali ƙasa da masana'anta maimakon fantsama mita 2 (ƙafa 6.5) a gefe.
6. Bincika shekarun gida da tushen ruwa kafin huda kowane silin. Gidajen da aka gina ko aka yi su kafin 1990 (musamman "popcorn" ko stipple acoustic rufi) na iya ƙunsar ** asbestos fibers** ko ** fenti na gubar** yana buƙatar ɗaukar ruwa da kariya ta numfashi P100. Idan ruwan ya yi wari ko kuma ya fito daga bayan gida na sama ko magudanar ruwa, sai a dauki shi a matsayin Category 2 greywater ko Category 3 blackwater sewage sannan a sanya kariya daga ido, safar hannu na nitrile, da na'urar numfashi.

Ƙididdigar haɗarin rugujewar rufi da itacen yanke shawara na gaggawa¶

Yi amfani da wannan aikin injiniya da taswirar aminci daga ƙofar ɗakin da abin ya shafa don sanin ko ba shi da lafiya a leda da zubar da aljihun ruwa na rufi ko kuma dole ne ku fita daga ɗakin ku jira ƙwararrun gini ko gyarawa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Fitowar Ruwa, Fitowa, ko Ruku'u a Rufi Sama"] --> ClearRoom["1. Fitar da Mutane da Dabbobin Dabbobi daga Rufin Ƙarƙashin Kai tsaye"]
    ClearRoom --> KillPower["2. Kashe Fitilar Sama da Masu Fasa ɗaki a Babban Kwamitin Lantarki"]
    KillPower --> StopWater["3. Kashe Babban Bawul ɗin Ruwa (Plumbing Leak) ko Gano Wurin Rufi/HVAC"]
    StopWater --> InspectType{"4. Hana Tocila daga Kofa:<br/>Wane irin nakasar da kuke gani?"}

    InspectType -->|"A. Mai laushi, kumfa fenti na latex na gida<br/> Drywall ɗin ya rataye lebur da matsewa"| CheckHazards{"5. Shin ruwa yana da tsabta (Kategori 1) <br/> da rufi bayan 1990 ba popcorn ba?"}
    InspectType -->|"B. Bakan ƙasa mai faɗi> 1.5 cm (5/8 inci), <br/> tsatsa madaidaici, ko ƙumburin filasta"| ImminentCollapse["Rushewar Tsarin Gaggawa:<br/>Kada ku yi tafiya a ƙarƙashin rufi ko kiɗa daga ƙasa"]
    InspectType -->|"C. Ruwa da ke zubowa ta na'urar haske, <br/> fanko, ko ƙararrawar hayaki"| ElectricalFlood["Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa: <br/>Tabbatar Kashe Babban Mai Kashewa; bar magudanar ruwa a cikin guga;<br/> kar a sake haɗa wutar lantarki har sai ma'aikacin lantarki ya duba"]

    CheckHazards -->|"Ee: Tsaftataccen ruwa da bushewar bangon zamani"| SafeLance["Sarrafa Diagonal Lancing: <br/> Tsaya a gefe akan barga ƙasa; <br/> huda gefen blister tare da awl ɗin da aka ɗora <br/> cikin tawul mai layi na 19L (5-gal) guga"]
    CheckHazards -->|"A'a: Ajiye najasa/kwalin bayan gida KO<br/>pre-1990 popcorn/flaster texture"| HazmatDrain["Biohazard / Asbestos Protocol: <br/> Sanya P100 na numfashi, tabarau, da safar hannu;<br/> yana ƙunshe da fantsama a cikin tantin filastik;"]

    ImminentCollapse --> ShoreOrDrop["A Rufe Daki: <br/> Matsar da kayayyaki masu kima kawai daga amintaccen kewaye da sandar sanda; <br/> sa dan kwangila ya yi abin da za a iya cirewa <br/> ko T-brace shoring da zarar ruwan ya tsaya."]
    SafeLance --> DryOut["6. Cire Rigar Rigar da Gudu Masu Dehumidifiers A cikin Sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48 don Hana Mold"]
    HazmatDrain --> DryOut
    ElectricalFlood --> DryOut

Makanikai na tsarin: dalilin da yasa rufin rufin ya rushe da nawa suke auna¶

Don yin hukunci game da kusancin rufin da faɗuwa, dole ne ku fahimci yadda ake gina rufin mazaunin da kuma yadda ruwa ke lalata ƙarfin injin su cikin mintuna zuwa sa'o'i.

1. Gypsum busasshen rufin (Gidajen da aka gina tun daga shekarun 1950 zuwa yanzu)¶

Wuraren zamani sun ƙunshi 12.7-millimita (½-inch) ko 15.9-millimita (⅝-inch) bangarori na ** gypsum bangon bango (bushewa ko plasterboard) ** dunƙule ko ƙusa a kwance a saman katako na katako ko trusses rufin da aka raba 40 ko 60 centimeters (16 ko 24 inci)

• ** Nauyin bushewa vs. cikakken nauyi *: Busasshiyar 1.2-by-2.4-mita (4-by-8-ƙafa) na busasshiyar bangon bangon 12.7-millimita (½-inch) tana auna kusan kilogram 22 zuwa 25 (48 zuwa 55 fam). Cikiyar ciki shine matsewar calcium sulfate crystal nannade cikin manyan fuskokin takarda. Lokacin da ruwa ya taru a saman, aikin capillary yana kunna danshi zuwa cikin gypsum core kuma yana laushi da takarda yana fuskantar.
• Maɗaukakin ja-in-ja-ta hanyar gazawa: Kusan ** kashi 80 na ƙarfin busasshen bangon bango yana fitowa ne daga ingantattun fuskokin takaddun aikin sa na gaba da na baya** waɗanda ke riƙe da joists ta bushes ɗin bango ko kusoshi. Da zarar ruwa ya narkar da manne sitaci kuma ya juya gypsum core a kusa da kankanin 8-millimita (5/16-inch) dunƙule kawunansu a cikin taushi manna, rigar takardar kawai ** ja daidai a kan dunƙule shugabannin ** yayin da sukurori ya kasance a cikin joists.
• Maɗaukakin rigar rufin ruwa: Yawancin kogon rufin rufin sun ƙunshi ** batts fiberglass ko hurawa a cikin sake yin fa'ida na cellulose na jarida ***. Rigar cellulose yana aiki kamar soso mai yawa wanda ke sha ** sau 3 zuwa 5 busasshen nauyinsa a cikin ruwa , yana ƙara ** kilogiram 15 zuwa 35 a kowace murabba'in mita (fam 3 zuwa 7 a kowace ƙafar murabba'in) na mataccen nauyi yana danna ƙasa akan busasshiyar bangon.
• ** Tasirin balloon fenti na latex ***: An zana rufin rufin ciki na zamani tare da riguna masu yawa na ** 100% acrylic latex fenti ***, wanda ke warkewa cikin fim ɗin elastomeric mai shimfiɗa. Lokacin da ruwa ya ratsa ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin busasshiyar bangon da ke sama, sau da yawa yana kamawa tsakanin takarda busasshen bangon bango da fatar fenti, yana hura mafitsara mai rataye wanda zai iya shimfiɗa 15 zuwa 45 centimeters (6 zuwa 18 inci) ƙasa kuma ya riƙe lita 10 zuwa 40 (2.5 zuwa galan 10) na ruwa kafin fashe.

2. Lath na tarihi na itace da lemun tsami / gypsum plaster rufi (Gidajen da aka gina kafin 1950)¶

Tsofaffin gidaje da ɗakunan tarihi suna da rufin da aka gina da ** riguna masu kauri uku na rigar filasta** (wani gashi, gashi mai launin ruwan kasa, da rigar ƙarewa, jimlar 19 zuwa 25 millimeters ko ¾ zuwa 1 inch lokacin farin ciki) waɗanda aka rataye a cikin kunkuntar katako na katako (** itacen katako **) ƙusa a kan ƙusoshi tare da 6-4 zuwa 3-inch (mita 6 zuwa 3). gibba:

• Yadda "maɓallan filasta" ke riƙe rufin sama: Lokacin da masu filasta suka tura turmi mai jika zuwa sama ta cikin ramukan da ke tsakanin ɗigon katako na katako, turmin da ya wuce gona da iri ya naɗe saman saman sassan kuma ya taurare zuwa anka mai siffar ƙugiya mai suna ** filastar keys ** (ko nibs). Waɗancan ƙuƙuman turmi da aka naɗe su ne ** kawai *** abin da aka makala na inji yana riƙe da rufin filasta mai nauyi sama da nauyi.
• Me yasa plaster rushewa ya fi mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar mutuƙar bushewa: Ba kamar busasshiyar bango mai nauyin kilogiram 8 zuwa 11 a kowace murabba'in mita (1.6 zuwa 2.2 fam a kowace ƙafar murabba'in ƙafar ƙafa) bushe, ** filastar gashi uku yana ɗaukar kilogiram 35 zuwa 50 a kowace murabba'in mita (7 zuwa 10 fam a kowace ƙafar murabba'in) ko da kafin ɗaukar ruwa mai ratayewa*, equi.
• Tsarin gazawar lath-da-plaster: Lokacin da ɗigon ruwa ya mamaye silin ɗin katako, busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun busassun lath ɗin suna jiƙa ruwa suna kumbura da ƙarfi*, tare da zazzage wuyan makullin filasta da ke ƙugiya daga bayan lath ɗin. A madadin, kusoshi masu tsatsa da aka yanke na lath na ƙarfe suna ba da damar tabarma na katako don barewa daga kusoshi. Saboda ana ƙarfafa filastar tarihi da gashin dabba ko sisal fiber, da wuya ya faɗi cikin ƙananan ƙugiya; a maimakon haka, tulun 2-by-3-mita (6-by-10-feet) mai tsayin kilogiram 180 zuwa 300 (fam 400 zuwa 650) yana tsinkewa ya fado kasa a dan juzu'i na dakika daya.

Matrix kwatanta: blister fenti mara lahani vs. rugujewar rufin gini na kusa¶

Kafin ka shiga cikin daki don sanya guga ko magudanar aljihun ruwa, tsaya a cikin amintacciyar ƙofa kuma kwatanta alamun gani da sauti a sama da wannan tebur ɗin bincike.

Yarjejeniya ta mataki-mataki: yadda ake lami lafiya da magudana aljihun ruwa na rufi¶

Lokacin da ruwa ya shiga cikin rufin fenti na latex ko sama da wani yanki na busasshiyar bangon bango wanda ** ba ** tukuna ya ja sukurori, barin wannan ruwan a saman rufin yana ba da damar danshi ya bazu cikin sa'o'i 2 zuwa 6 masu zuwa kuma ya saukar da dukkan takardar. Ƙirƙirar ƙaramin ramin magudanar taimako a mafi ƙasƙanci na aljihu yana barin nauyi ya kwashe ruwan ba tare da lahani ba cikin guga.

Mataki 1: Tabbatar da rage kuzarin lantarki da nau'in ruwa¶

1. Tabbatar a babban akwati cewa masu fasa fitilun rufin ɗakin, kantuna, da ƙasan da ke sama suna kashe ** KASHE ***.
2. A sa safety goggles, takalmin aiki*, hannun hannu na nitrile, hard hula ko keken keke, da na’urar numfashi na N95 ko P100 (wajibi idan an gina gidan kafin 1990 ko kuma idan ruwan ya fito daga magudanar ruwa na ban daki ko kicin).

Mataki na 2: Saita tsarin sarrafa guga mai yawa¶

Kumburi na rufi yakan rike fiye da guga na ruwa fiye da lita 19 (gallon 5), kuma da zarar ka huda blister, ba za ka iya toshe ramin baya yayin kwashe guga ba.

1. Yada kwandon filastik mai hana ruwa ko 6-mil polyethylene sheeting sama da ƙasa ƙarƙashin blister, yana faɗaɗa mita 2 (ƙafa 6.5) a duk kwatance.
2. Wuri ** biyu ko uku fanko mai lita 19 (gallon 5)** ko tawul ɗin robobi kusa da juna a gefen kwalta.
3. Zamar da bokitin kama na farko kai tsaye ƙarƙashin mafi ƙarancin rataye na blister daga gefe ta amfani da tsintsiya madaurinki ɗaya.
4. Zuba wani tsohon tawul ɗin wanka a gefen gefen guga ɗin kama don haka ya rataye zuwa ciki ƙasa, ko sanya santimita 5 (inci 2) na tawul ɗin da suka murƙushe a ƙasa. Lokacin da ruwan rufi ya faɗi mita 2.4 (ƙafa 8) cikin bokiti mara komai, yana watsa ruwa mai datti a ɗakin; Saukowa a kan rigar tawul yana ɗaukar kuzari kuma yana kiyaye magudanar ruwa ba yawo.

Mataki na 3: Yi huda sandar sandar digiri 45 (Ƙaramin rami na farko)¶

Kada a taɓa ƙulla blister na rufi da wuka mai amfani: yankan miƙe, fentin latex mai cike da ruwa yana sa buhun ya tsaga buɗaɗɗe kamar balloon ruwa mai fashe, yana zubar da ruwa lita 30 (galan 8) a cikin daƙiƙa ɗaya.

1. Tafi ƙusa **3-millimita (⅛-inch) ƙusa, ƙwanƙwasa awl, ko kunkuntar Phillips screwdriver ** zuwa ƙarshen 1.5- zuwa 2.4-mita (5- zuwa 8-ƙafa) tsintsiya madaurin gindi ko sandar fenti ta amfani da tef ɗin.
2. Tsaya da ƙarfi akan busasshiyar ƙasa ** 1.5 zuwa mita 2 (ƙafa 5 zuwa 6.5) zuwa gefen blister, tare da hanyar da ba ta toshe ba zuwa ƙofar bayan ku.
3. Kai diagonal sama tare da sandarka kuma ka buga ** ƙaramar filogi guda ɗaya** daidai a ƙarshen ƙarshen fenti mai rataye:
4. Ramin milimita 3 (⅛-inch) yana haifar da tsayayyen rafi mai girman fensir wanda ke nufin kai tsaye zuwa tsakiyar guga ba tare da yaga fenti ko busasshiyar bangon da ke kewaye ba.
5. Yayin da guga na farko ya cika zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku (lita 12/3 galan), yi amfani da tsintsiya madaurinki don zame cikakken guga a gefe yayin da kuke zame bokitin fanko na biyu a ƙarƙashin rafi.
6. Idan ruwa yana taruwa sama da busasshiyar bango (babu blister fenti): Gano wuri mafi ƙasƙanci na tabon rigar** (kaucewa duk wani layi da ke gudana kai tsaye tsakanin na'urorin hasken wuta guda biyu inda kebul na wutar lantarki ke tashe). Yin amfani da awl ɗin da aka ɗora daga sandar ku daga kusurwar digiri 45, danna ta cikin rigar bushewar bango a wuri mafi ƙanƙanci don ƙirƙirar ramin kuka mai milimita 6 (¼-inch) don haka ruwa ya shiga cikin guga maimakon yadawa a kwance.

Gudanar da na'urorin lantarki sun cika ambaliya daga sama: gwangwani da aka ajiye, magoya bayan rufi, da ƙararrawar hayaki¶

Ruwa yana ɗaukar hanyar mafi ƙarancin juriya ta cikin bene ko ɗaki na ɗaki kusan koyaushe yana samun ramukan da aka yanke a cikin rufin don akwatunan lantarki.

1. Ruwa da ke zubowa ta fitilun “can” da ba a daɗe ba, chandeliers, ko na’urori na LED¶

• ** Dalilin da yasa ruwa ke hari ga kayan aikin haske ***: Masu lantarki suna haƙa ramukan santimita 10 zuwa 15 (4- zuwa 6-inch) ta bangon rufi don hawa akwatunan haɗin gwiwa da gwangwani. Ruwan da ke gudana a saman busasshiyar bangon yana zubowa cikin waɗannan gidaje na ƙarfe kuma yana digo ta cikin soket ko datsa zobe.
• Mataki na gaggawa:
• Tabbatar da mai karkatar da wutar lantarki yana ** KASHE *** a babban sashin wutar lantarki kuma sanya tef akan mai jujjuyawar don kada kowa ya sake kunna shi.
• **Kada ku taɓa kwance rigar kwan fitila yayin da kuke tsaye akan rigar ƙasa ***, koda tare da kashe bangon (gidaje da aka haɗa tare da ** madaidaicin madaidaicin ** ɗaukar waya mai zafi ta 120V/230V a cikin akwatin hasken rufi koda lokacin da bangon bango ya KASHE).
• Da zarar babban mai karyawa ya KASHE kuma ɗigon ya tsaya, cire zoben datsa mai riƙon bazara ko buɗe dome ɗin gilashin globe (wanda galibi ke cika da ruwa lita 2 zuwa 4) yayin da yake sanye da kariya ta ido kuma yana tsaye a gefe akan tsani na fiberglass, yana zubar da duniyar cikin guga.
• A bar wurin a bude ya bushe na tsawon sa'o'i 48 zuwa 72, kuma a sami ma'aikacin lantarki mai lasisi ya duba goron waya da na'urar soket don lalata kafin maido da wuta.

2. Hayajin rufi mai ƙarfi da ƙararrawa na carbon monoxide suna kururuwa yayin zubewa¶

• Lokacin da ruwa ya digo cikin na'urar gano hayaki mai ƙarfi, danshi yana gadar ɗakin gani sannan ya rage wayan haɗin haɗin gwiwa, yana haifar da ƙararrawar ƙarya ta gidan gabaɗaya ** akan kowane mai gano ɗaki a lokaci ɗaya.
• Yadda ake yin shiru da ƙararrawa mai ƙarfi mai gajarta ruwa lafiya:
• Canja KASHE mai keɓewar kewayawa yana ciyar da da'irar ƙararrawar hayaƙi a babban kwamitin ku.
• Tsaya gefen na'urar gano ɗigowa akan busasshiyar stool fiberglass step stool (kada a taɓa taɓa aluminum), karkatar da injin ganowa ** counter-clockwise ** juyi kwata don sakin shi daga zoben hawansa, sannan ** cire kayan haɗin gwal ɗin filastik mai nau'i 3** daga baya.
• Ɗauki na'urar gano jika zuwa busasshiyar wuri, cire baturin madadin 9-volt (ko juya maɓallin kashe baturi na dindindin a baya), kuma maye gurbin naúrar; ** hayaki mai jike da ruwa da ƙararrawar CO dole ne a maye gurbinsu koyaushe, kada a bushe kuma a sake amfani da su**, saboda ragowar ma'adinai na lalata allon firikwensin.

3. Magoya bayan rufin nauyi masu nauyi zuwa wuraren da aka jika¶

• Matsakaicin madaidaicin fan ɗin mazaunin yana auna ** 7 zuwa kilo 23 (fam 15 zuwa 50)**. Yayin da ka'idodin gini na buƙatar masu sha'awar rufin da za a kulle su a cikin akwati mai ƙima na fanfo na ƙarfe wanda aka ɗora wa katako na katako, yawancin tsofaffi ko masu son shigar magoya baya an saka su ba daidai ba zuwa akwatunan filastik ko jujjuya kai tsaye zuwa bangon bushes.
• Idan busasshen bangon da ke kusa da fanfo na rufi ya jike ko ya bushe, ɗauki fanka azaman haɗarin faɗuwa kai tsaye kuma a kiyaye kowa daga ɗakin har sai ɗan kwangila ya tabbatar da abin da aka makala.

Hatsari na musamman a cikin tsofaffin gidaje: rufin popcorn na asbestos, fentin gubar, da ruwan baƙar fata¶

Kafin a rushe busasshen bangon bango ko goge tulin rufin da ya ruguje, dakata da kimanta haɗarin lafiya marasa ganuwa guda biyu: ** fiber na ma'adinai mai guba** a cikin kayan rufin, da ** ƙwayoyin cuta na halitta ** a cikin tushen ruwa.

1. Pre-1990 "popcorn" rufi, haɗin gwiwa, da filastar tarihi¶

Tsakanin ** 1945 zuwa ƙarshen 1980s *, fesa-shafin rufin acoustic ( "popcorn" ko "stapple" rufi **), filin haɗin gwiwa na bushewa, da wasu plasters masu rufewa ana yin su akai-akai tare da ** 1 zuwa 10 bisa dari na chrysotile farin asbestos fibers . Gidajen da ke da rufin ɗaki kafin 1990 na iya samun ** sako-sako-cike-cika-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle (Zonolite) zaune a saman bangon busasshen, wanda zai iya ƙunsar amphibole tremolite asbestos.

• Me yasa rugujewar rigar ya fi aminci fiye da bushewar yashi, idan an sarrafa shi daidai: Idan dai tarkacen rufin popcorn ya ruguje ya tsaya ** sosai jike **, filayen asbestos suna kasancewa cikin tarko a cikin laka maimakon yawo a iska. Kuskuren bala'i yana faruwa ne lokacin da mai gida ya bar tarkacen rufin da ya faɗo ** ya bushe a kan kafet ko ƙasa ** sannan ya share shi da tsintsiya ko tsotse shi tare da vacuum na gida ko vacuum na kanti, yana sa miliyoyin zaruruwan asbestos microscopic a cikin gida.
• ** Amintattun ƙa'idodin ɗaukar jika don rugujewar rufin kafin 1990 ** (duba mu asbestos, kura kura, da kuma radon triage jagora):
• Kashe ** KASHE *** na'urar dumama ta tsakiya ko kwandishan (HVAC) nan da nan kuma ka buga robobi akan dawowa da samar da huluna a cikin dakin.
• Rike tarkacen da ya faɗi ** ci gaba da dasawa *** ta hanyar zubar da shi da ruwa gauraye da 'yan digo na sabulun ruwa daga kwalbar feshi.
• Saka numfashi na elastomeric na rabin fuska tare da ** magenta P100 (ko EN P3) tacewa **, murfin rufewa, murfin taya, da safofin hannu na nitrile.
• Doka rigar chunks kai tsaye cikin nauyi ** 6-mil (0.15-millimita) jakunkuna na zubar polyethylene ** yayin da ake jika, goge benaye masu ƙarfi tare da rigar rigar da za a iya zubarwa (fas ɗin ɗaya a kowane ninki), kuma kar a taɓa amfani da injin tsabtace gida.
• Rufe samfurin silin mai tsawon santimita 2 (1-inch) a cikin jakunkuna na saman zip guda biyu kuma kai shi zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje na asbestos ** Polarized Light Microscope (PLM) da aka amince da shi don tabbatar da ko ana buƙatar rage lasisin.

2. Kayan gurɓataccen ruwa (IICRC S500 ma'aunin lalata ruwa)¶

Masu fasaha na dawo da ruwa sun rarraba leaks ɗin rufi zuwa nau'ikan haɗarin halittu guda uku a ƙarƙashin **ANSI/IICRC S500 Standard ***:

Abin da za a yi nan da nan bayan rufi ya rushe¶

Idan wani sashe na rufin ku ya faɗo a ƙasa kafin ku iya zubar da shi, bi wannan jerin abubuwan tabbatarwa:

1. Bincika raunin da farko: Idan wani plaster ko busasshen bango ya buge shi, duba ciwon kai, ciwon wuya, lacers, ko kura ido, sannan a kira yankin ku. lambobin gaggawa (911 a Amurka da Kanada, 112 a fadin Tarayyar Turai, 999 a cikin United Kingdom) idan an sami asarar sani ko zubar jini mai tsanani.
2. **Kada ku shiga cikin tarkacen tarkace har sai an kashe panel ɗin lantarki **: Faɗowa busasshen bangon bango yana yage igiyoyin lantarki masu kuzari da akwatunan haɗin gwiwa, suna binne wayoyi na jan ƙarfe a ƙarƙashin rigar rufin. Juya d'akin da breakers na sama ** KASHE a babban wutar lantarki kafin ku shiga ciki.
3. ** Bincika maɓuɓɓugan katako ko rafters daga ƙofar ƙofar ***:
4. **Idan ma'auni na katako ba su da kyau, madaidaiciya, kuma mai ƙarfi ***: Rashin gazawar ya iyakance ga allon rufi, kuma ginin ginin yana da ƙarfi.
5. Idan gunkin katako, rafter, ko truss chord ya tsage, ya rabu, baƙar fata, ko ruku'u a ƙasa: Kuna da ** gazawar ƙirar ƙirar tsari**. Fitar da ɗakin da ke ƙasa da ɗakin kai tsaye a sama kuma ku bi mu jagorar lalacewa da rushewa kuma dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, madatsun ruwa, da jagorar rugujewar rufin.
6. A share shingen "mai gwauruwa" mai ratayewa lafiyayye: Rage-tsalle-tsalle-tsalle na busasshiyar bangon bango ko filasta galibi suna rataye a gefuna na ramin. Kada ku taɓa yin aiki a ƙarƙashin waɗannan abubuwan da suka wuce. Rufe ɗakin don ma'aikatan maidowa, ko tsayawa a gefen amintaccen kuma yi amfani da sandar sanda mai tsayin mita 2.4 (ƙafa 8) don zazzage filaye maras kyau yayin sanye da hula mai wuya, tabarau, da na'urar numfashi.
7. ** Ɗauki Hotunan inshora KAFIN tarkacen jaka ***: Hoton ramin da ke cikin rufin, bututun da aka fallasa ko benen rufin da ke sama da shi, zurfin tulin tarkace a ƙasa, da duk wani kayan daki ko bene da suka lalace.
8. ** Cire duk sauran rigar rufin da ke kusa da rufin da ba daidai ba : Ruwa yakan gudana a kwance a kan busasshiyar bangon maƙwabta, jiƙan fiberglass ko jemagu na cellulose suna hutawa a kan rufin rayuwa. Barin rigar rufi a wurin yana haifar da rugujewar zanen gadon bayan sa'o'i 24 kuma yana barin ** baƙar fata mai guba (Stachybotrys chartarum) da * Aspergillus su mamaye kogon cikin sa'o'i 48. Cire duk rigar rufin baya zuwa bushewar kashi.

Bushewa daga buɗaɗɗen rufin bakin teku don hana mold da rushewar ƙasan ƙasa¶

Da zarar an gyaggyara ruwan ɗigon, sai a cire katakon sagging zuwa busassun cibiyoyin joist, kuma an sanya jakar rigar, kuna da taga ** 24 zuwa 48 * * don bushe gabobin da aka fallasa da ƙasa kafin mold ya tsiro (duba mu mold bayan jagorar lalacewar ruwa).

1. Bari kogon rufin a buɗe har sai damshin itace ya faɗi ƙasa da kashi 15: Kada a taɓa busasshen busasshen busasshen raƙuman ruwa. Rufe rami mai damshi yana haifar da ɓoyayyiyar haɓakar gyaggyarawa da ruɓar ƙirar tsari.
2. ** Nufin motsin iska zuwa sama a kusurwar digiri 45 a cikin buɗaɗɗen maɓuɓɓugar ruwa ***: Sanya magoya bayan akwatin ko masu busa kafet a ƙasa waɗanda ke da niyya cikin gaɓar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da ƙasan ƙasa.
3. ** Guda na'ura mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin rufaffiyar ɗaki ***: Rufe tagogin waje kuma gudanar da na'urar cire humidifier ci gaba da riƙe ɗanɗano zafi ** ƙasa da kashi 40 zuwa 50 ***.
4. ** Tabbatar da bushewa tare da mitar danshi mai nau'in fil kafin sake ginawa ***: Latsa fil biyu na dijital **mita danshin itace ** a cikin katako na katako da bene na bene:
5. ** Sama da 20% abun ciki danshi (MC): Itace tana da rigar isa don tallafawa ruɓar fungi da mold. Ci gaba da bushewa.
6. ** 16% zuwa 19% MC ***: Damp na iyaka; ci gaba da bushewa na tsawon sa'o'i 24 zuwa 48.
7. ** 12% zuwa 15% MC ***: Amintacce don amfani da borate mai rijista na EPA ko maganin ƙwayoyin cuta, shigar da busassun rufi, da rataya sabon bangon bushewa.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi¶

Har yaushe busasshen bangon ruwa ko rufin filasta zai yi kasa kafin ya rushe gaba daya?¶

Babu wani amintaccen agogon kirgawa don rufin rufin da ba a iya gani ba saboda gazawar ya dogara da ko ɗigon ya tsaya, kaurin allo, da kuma nauyin rufewa. Cikakken bangon bango mai tsawon milimita 12.7 (1/2-inch) wanda ke goyan bayan rigar rufi na iya jan kawunansa ya ruguje cikin mintuna 15 zuwa sa'o'i 6 na jika, yayin da rufin filasta na katako na tarihi zai iya yanke makullin turmi ya sauke kilo 200 (fam 440) na tarkace nan take; ɗauki kowane rufin ruku'u a bayyane azaman yanki mai rugujewa kuma a kiyaye kowa daga ƙarƙashinsa.

Shin zan huda rami a cikin kumfa na rufin rufi don ya zubar da shi?¶

Haka ne, idan kuma kawai idan kumburin yana cikin gida, sassauƙan fenti na latex ko ƙaramin jika akan bangon bushewa na zamani bayan 1990 inda allon da kansa bai sunkuya ƙasa ba, kuma bayan kun kashe masu fasa wutar ɗaki a babban rukunin ku. Tsaya a waje da yankin digo a kusurwar digiri 45 ta amfani da ƙusa ko awl da aka maƙala zuwa dogon dogon tsintsiya don huda rami guda 3-milimita (1/8-inch) a mafi ƙasƙanci na kumfa a kan guga mai layi 19-gallon (5-gallon); kar a taɓa tsayawa a ƙarƙashin kumfa, kada ku yanke shi da wuka, kuma kada ku taɓa filastar sagging.

Shin masu gida ko masu haya inshora suna rufe ruftawar rufin da ruwan ya haifar?¶

Manufofin inshora na masu gida da masu haya gabaɗaya suna rufe rufin rufin da ke haifar da lalacewa idan ruwan ya fito daga wani lamari na kwatsam kuma na bazata, kamar fashe daskararre bututu, na'urar da ke ambaliya, ko buɗewar rufin da guguwa ta lalata. Manufofin ƙin yarda da da'awar akai-akai idan mai daidaitawa ya sami shaidar jinkirin, ɗigon da ba a kula da shi ba (kamar watanni na zoben ruwan duhu ko ruɓaɓɓen joists), kuma masu inshorar suna buƙatar ka rage ƙarin lalacewa da sauri ta hanyar rufe bawul ɗin ruwa da magudana ko tashe ruwan cikin aminci.

Shin bangon busasshen da ya ragu kaɗan za a iya tura shi baya da sukurori da zarar ya bushe?¶

A'a, da zarar gypsum drywall ya sha ruwa mai yawa don sag a bayyane a tsakanin rufin rufi (fiye da 6 zuwa 10 millimeters ko 1/4 zuwa 3/8 inch) ko kuma cire takarda da ke fuskantar kan kullun, gypsum core crystalline ya rasa kullun tsarinsa da haɗin kai ga takarda da ke fuskantar. Tura busasshen bangon baya sama yana barin allon rauni wanda ke kama jika da ƙumburi a saman samansa; Dole ne a yanke duk wani yanki na ruku'u ko lallace daga cibiyar haɗin gwiwa zuwa cibiyar haɗin gwiwa kuma a maye gurbinsa bayan da aka bushewa ƙasa da kashi 15 cikin ɗari.

An duba tushe¶

• ** Cibiyar Bincike, Tsaftacewa da Takaddun Shaida (IICRC):** * Matsayin ANSI/IICRC S500 don Maido da Lalacewar Ruwa na Ƙwararru* (Kasuwanci na 1, 2, da 3 na ruwa da ka'idojin bushewa).
• Ƙungiyar Gypsum (Amurka da Kanada): GA-231 Tantance Lalacewar Ruwa ga Hukumar Gypsum (Maɗaukakiyar ja-in-ja ta injiniyoyi da iyakokin sag).
• ** National Park Service (NPS, United States):** Taƙaice Taƙaice 21: Gyaran Filayen Tarihi, Ganuwar da Rufi (rashin katako da maɓalli na filasta).
• Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (US EPA) da CDC: Taƙaitaccen Jagora ga Mold, Danshi, da Gidanku da Kare Iyalinku Daga Bayyanar Asbestos.
• Hukumar Lafiya da Tsaro (HSE, United Kingdom): Asbestos Essentials: Rubutun Rubutun (Artex) akan Rufi da bango.
• Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Tarayya (FEMA, Amurka): Maganin Lalacewar Ruwa da Hatsarin Lantarki Bayan Ruwan Ruwa ko Ruwa.

Jagora masu alaƙa¶

• Ƙunƙarar ɗigon rufin rufin da tarkacen gaggawa
• Fashewar bututu da sarrafa ruwan gaggawa
• Lalacewar tsari da rugujewar alamun gargaɗi
• Mold bayan lalacewar ruwa: rigakafin sa'o'i 48 da tsaftacewa
• Rikicin asbestos, ƙurar gubar, da babban radon
• Jagorar lambobin gaggawa