Angle Grinder Disc Shatter, Table Saw Kickback, ndi Lathe Entanglement¶

Makina ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi othamanga kwambiri amatulutsa mphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimatha kupweteketsa mtima kwambiri, kudula zala, komanso kuvulala kozungulira pama milliseconds. Chopukusira cha 115-millimeter (4.5-inchi) chimazungulira gudumu lake lodulira pozungulira 10,000 mpaka 13,300 kuzungulira mphindi imodzi (RPM), kutumiza kunja kwa dimba kukuyenda mopitilira 80 metres pa sekondi imodzi (180 miles pa ola), kapena kuthamangitsa theka la mfuti. Pamene chimbale cha resin-bonded abrasive chimamangirira pazitsulo zachitsulo, ndikugwetsedwa pansi pa konkire, kapena kukwera pa chopukusira chomwe chimayenda pamwamba pa RPM yake, mphamvu yapakati imang'amba gudumu kukhala zidutswa za ballistic zomwe zimatha kulowa kumaso, khosi, chifuwa, kapena mitsempha ya chikazi.

Zowopsanso ndi makina opangira matabwa ndi zitsulo osasunthika: tebulo la 254-millimeter (10-inch) loyendetsedwa ndi injini yolowera 2.2-kilowatt (3-horsepower) limatha kugwira kumbuyo kwa bolodi ndikuliponya cham'mbuyo pamimba kapena nkhope yake pa *50 mpaka 200 metres pa sekondi iliyonse. zala za opareshoni molunjika m'mano okwera a tsamba. M'malo ogulitsa makina, makina opangira zitsulo zamakampani kapena makina obowola olemera amazungulira ndi torque yosasunthika yomwe singayimitsidwe ndi mphamvu zamunthu; ngati golovu, manja aatali, kapena mchira wa ponytail wagwedezeka pa chuck yopota kapena zomangira za lead, mkono wa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ndi chiuno chake chakumtunda zimakokedwa mozungulira nsonga yozungulira pasanathe theka la sekondi. Podziwa momwe mungamenyere poyimitsa mwadzidzidzi osadzitsekera nokha, khazikikani mozama zomangira za abrasive disc osatulutsa, sungani manambala odulidwa bwino osawaundana pa ayezi wolunjika, ndikubweza nsonga yopindika yopindika imapulumutsa miyoyo ndi miyendo mu msonkhano.

Chitani izi tsopano¶

1. Menya batani lofiira la bowa Emergency Stop (E-Stop), zimitsani cholumikizira cholumikizira khoma, kapena kutulutsa chingwe chamagetsi nthawi yomweyo. Osadutsana ndi sowo, chuck, kapena gudumu lopera kuti muzimitse chosinthira, ndipo musagwire wogwira ntchito mnzathu yemwe akukokedwa pa lathe yozungulira kapena kubowola mpaka kuyimitsidwa kozungulira.
2. Ikani chiwongolero chachindunji, mwamphamvu kuti mutulutse magazi kwambiri kapena gwiritsani ntchito makina a windlass tourniquet 5 mpaka 7 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa kuwonongeka kwa miyendo. Ngati gudumu lopukusira kapena tsamba la mawonedwe likudulidwa mu mtsempha wozungulira dzanja, mtsempha wa brachial pa mkono, pindani pansi ndi cholimba cholimba. tourniquet mpaka magazi ofiira owala atasiya kwathunthu; onani magazi kwambiri.
3. *MUSAMAtulutse zidutswa za gudumu lopera lophwanyika kapena thabwa lamatabwa lopachikidwa m'diso, m'khosi, kumaso, kapena pachifuwa. Zing'onozing'ono za disc ndi mikondo yamatabwa zimakhala ngati zomangira zomangira pamitsempha yong'ambika; kuwatulutsa mumsonkhano kumayambitsa kukha mwazi kwamkati kosalekeza. Khazikitsani chinthu chotuluka m'malo mwake ndi mapepala a mphete zazikulu kapena mipukutu yotchinga mozungulira; onani kupachikidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa chinthu chachilendo.
4. Imbani foni nambala yanu yazadzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) nthawi yomweyo. Funsani azachipatala otsogola ndipo dziwitsani wotumiza ngati wogwira ntchito atsekeredwa mkati mwa lathe lolemera, makina ophera, kapena pulani yamitengo ya mafakitale kotero akatswiri opulumutsa moto olemera abweretse zida zowotchera ma hydraulic; ndi zitsulo zoduladula; fufuzani manambala angozi.
5. *Sungani zala zilizonse zomwe zadulidwa kapena zigawo zazikulu zazikulu zazikuluzikulu pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu yonyowa ndi thumba losindikizidwa kawiri pamadzi oundana. Manga manambala odulidwawo mu nsalu yopyapyala yopyapyala wonyowa ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi apampopi aukhondo, ndipo isindikize m'thumba lapulasitiki lopanda madzi, ndikuyika chikwamacho m'chidebe china chodzaza ndi madzi oundana ndi madzi; osamiza minofu mwachindunji m'madzi kapena kuyiyika pa ayezi wamaliseche kapena madzi oundana.
6. *Siyini chotchinga chopiringizika kapena chobowola kuti chisalowererepo kapena sungani mabuleki mukangoona momwe nthambiyo imakulungidwira. Osathamangitsa injini mobwerera m'mbuyo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kuti muvule mkono wopindika kapena chovala pandodo yopota; dikirani kupulumutsa moto kapena tembenuzani chuck pang'onopang'ono ndi dzanja pogwiritsa ntchito kiyi ya chuck kapena wrench pokhapokha ngati kutero kumachepetsa kupha koopsa pakhosi kapena pachifuwa.

flowchart TD
    Start["Makina a Workshop kapena Power Tool Emergency"] --> MachineType{"Ndi ngozi yanji yamakina yomwe idachitika?"}
    MachineType -->|"Angle Grinder Disc Shatter kapena Wire Wheel Kuvulala"| Grinder["1. Chotsani chopukusira kapena kumasula deadman paddle switch<br/>2. MUSAMAtulutse zidutswa za disc zomwe zili m'khosi, diso, kapena torso <br/>3. Ikani ma tourniquet kapena kukakamiza kwachindunji kuzungulira miyendo yoyera <br/>4. Phimbani diso lovulala ndi chishango cholimba popanda kukanikiza diso"]
    MachineType -->|"Table Saw Kickback kapena Blade Amputation"| Saw["1. Menyani chophatikizira chozimitsa switch kapena chotsani macheka<br/>2. Yesetsani kutulutsa magazi kuchokera chala kapena zitsa zam'manja ndi mphamvu yolimba yopyapyala<br/>3. Unikani pamimba/chifuwa ngati pali kuvulala koopsa kapena matabwa opachikidwa <br/>4. Manga manambala odulidwa mu yopyapyala yopyapyala mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki losindikizidwa pamadzi oundana"]
    MachineType -->|"Lathe, Drill Press, kapena Milling Machine Entanglement"| Lathe["1. Menyani phazi brake / E-Stop ndikuponya main breaker (Lockout/Tagout)<br/>2. MUSAMAthamangire njinga yamagetsi cham'mbuyo pamene wovulalayo ali wokutidwa <br/>3. Dulani zovala zothina ngati khosi likunyongedwa<br/>4. Thandizani miyendo yopotoka ndikudikirira kupulumutsidwa kwakukulu"]
    Grinder --> CallEMS["Imbani ntchito zadzidzidzi (911/112/999) ndikuyang'anira kuti mugwedezeke"]
    Saw --> CallEMS
    Lathe --> CallEMS

Angle chopukusira disc shatter ndi kuthawa recoil zoopsa¶

Fiziki ya kuphulika kwa magudumu abrasive¶

Zogaya zonyamula m'makona ndizochulukira chida chimodzi chowopsa kwambiri chogwirizira m'manja pakupanga mafakitale, zomangamanga, ndi malo ophunzirira kunyumba. Mosiyana ndi chitsulo chozungulira cha macheka chomangira matabwa okha, chopukusira chopukusira chimagwiritsa ntchito kagawo kakang'ono kakang'ono ka aluminium oxide, silicon carbide, kapena zirconia alumina abrasive njere zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi thermosetting organic phenolic resin matrix yolimbikitsidwa ndi mauna opangidwa ndi fiberglass.

Zolakwa zingapo zomwe zimachitika pamisonkhanoyi zimapangitsa kuti gudumu la resin-ndi-fiberglass liphwanyike mwamphamvu pa liwiro lalikulu:

• Kupitilira Liwiro Lothamanga Kwambiri (RPM yosagwirizana): Disiki yodulidwa ya 180-millimeter (7-inchi) kapena 230-millimeter (9-inchi) idavoteredwa ndi liwiro lalikulu lozungulira la 6,500 mpaka 8,500 RPM chifukwa m'lifupi mwake limapanga liwiro lalikulu la centrifugal. Wogwira ntchito akachotsa chitetezo pa chopukusira chozungulira cha 115-millimeter (4.5-inchi) chomwe chimapota 12,000 mpaka 13,300 RPM kuti akweze chimbale chokulirapo, kupsinjika kwa centrifugal kumawonjezeka ndi masikweya a liwiro lozungulira, nthawi yomweyo kugonjetsa kuphulika kwa gudumu la ukonde.
• Kugaya m'mbali pa gudumu locheperako kwambiri la Type 1 / Type 41 kapena Type 27 cutoff: Ma disc odula (nthawi zambiri mamilimita 1.0 mpaka 1.6 kapena 0.040 mpaka 0.062 mainchesi) amapangidwa kuti azidula m'mphepete mwa radial. Kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamiza kumbali yakumbuyo pogaya mkanda wowotcherera kumapindika zigawo za fiberglass, kusokoneza chomangira cha utomoni, ndikuphwanya chimbale.
• Kutsina ndi kumangirira chinthu: Mukadula machubu achitsulo, chitoliro chopopera mpweya, kapena chiboliboli cholemera, chitsulocho nthawi zambiri chimatsekera mkati pamene chodulacho chikuyandikira kutha. Ngati chitsulo chotsekera chikutsina diski yozungulira, mphamvu ya kinetic ya chidacho imaphwanya gudumu kapena kuponyera chopukusira kumbuyo kuchokera m'manja mwa wogwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu kickback arc molunjika mu ntchafu, groin, mkono, kapena nkhope.
• Kutenthedwa kwa kutentha, kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi, ndi kuwonongeka kwa dontho: Mawilo a phenolic resin ali ndi tsiku lotha ntchito (nthawi zambiri amakhala zaka 3 kuchokera pamene adasindikizidwa pa mphete yachitsulo) chifukwa chinyezi cha mumlengalenga chimafooketsa mgwirizano wa utomoni. Kuonjezera apo, ngati chopukusira ngodya chayikidwa pansi ndikugundidwa m'mphepete mwake, timitsempha tating'onoting'ono tatsitsi timapanga gudumu ndikuphulika pomwe chidacho chikafika RPM yodzaza.

Thandizo loyamba lapang'onopang'ono pa angle grinder disc shatter ndi lacerations¶

1. Zidutswa za abrasive disc pankhope, khosi, kapena torso¶

Gudumu lopweteka likaphwanyidwa ndi liwiro la mamita 80 pa sekondi imodzi (makilomita 180 pa ola), timizere topindika tooneka ngati kanyenyezi za utomoni wakuthwa ndi magalasi a fiberglass kaŵirikaŵiri amadula magalasi apulasitiki otetezerako chitetezo kapena zishango zonse za polycarbonate ndi kuloŵerera mwakuya m’ tsaya, nsagwada, khosi (pafupi ndi mtsempha wa carotid), khoma lamkati kapena mtsempha wamkati

1. Siyini kachidutswa kakang'ono pamalo ake: Musagwiritse ntchito pliers, zomangira, kapena zala kukoka chidutswa cha gudumu lophwanyika kuchoka pabala lakuzama. Mphepete mwa magalasi a fiberglass ndi aluminiyamu oxide imagwera pamakoma ong'ambika a mitsempha yamagazi, ndipo shardyo nthawi zambiri imathamangitsa (kutsegula) mtsempha wamagazi kapena mitsempha.
2. Yesetsani kutuluka magazi m'munsi mwa chidutswacho: Gwiritsani ntchito zopyapyala zopyapyala zopyapyala kapena zopindika kuti muzipaka zala zolimba komanso zokhazikika pakhungu lomwe lili pafupi ndi chidutswacho popanda kukankhira pansi pa gudumu lomwe latuluka.
3. Pangani chovala chokhazikika cha donati kapena kanyumba kamatabwa: Ikani masilindala opindika kapena zopindika zopindika mbali zonse ziwiri za diski yotuluka mpaka chotchingiracho chikhale chokwera pang'ono kuposa m'mphepete mwachidutswacho, kenaka tetezani mofatsa ndi tepi yachipatala kapena bandeji yopepuka kuti shard isagwedezeke mbali ndi mbali; onani kupachikidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa chinthu chachilendo.
4. Sungani munthu wovulala pakhosi ali chete ndikukhala mowongoka pang'ono (ngati si hypotensive): Ngati chidutswa cha disc chikuyikidwa pakhosi lakunja ndipo wovulalayo akudziwa ndikupuma, kusunga mutu wawo ndi torso kukwezedwa pa madigiri 30 mpaka 45 kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa venous m'mitsempha ya jugular pamene mukuyang'ana kutuluka, kutuluka kwa magazi, kutuluka kwa magazi.

2. Kukwapula kwa miyendo kuchokera ku chopukusira¶

Pamene chopukusira chikutuluka muchitsulo ndikuyenda pamkono, pamkono, kapena ntchafu ya wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, gudumu lopukutiralo silisiya chocheka choyera ngati mpeni; Imagaya nkhokwe yapakhungu, minyewa, minofu, ndi mtsempha wa mamilimita 2 mpaka 4, kwinaku ikuwotcha ziwiya zing'onozing'ono ndikudula zazikulu, ndikuyika nsonga zakuda ndi zitsulo zotentha mkati mwa minofu:

1. Vulani chilondacho nthawi yomweyo: Dulani ma jeans akuntchito, zophimba, kapena manja achikopa okhala ndi ma shear ovulala kuti muwone komwe kumachokera magazi.
2. Ikani chiwongola dzanja chapamwamba ndi cholimba cha kukha mwazi kwa pulsatile arterial: Ngati magazi ofiira owala akuthamanga pakapita nthawi ndi kugunda kwa mtima kuchokera mkati mwa dzanja (radial kapena ulnar artery), mkati mwa mkono wam'mwamba (brachial artery), kapena kumtunda kwa ntchafu ( femoral artery ), perekani mankhwala a CoTCCCATS SOFTT-W) masentimita 5 mpaka 7 ( mainchesi 2 mpaka 3) pamwamba pa bala (kapena okwera ndi olimba m'ntchafu/mkhwapa ngati malo enieni a chotengera sakumveka bwino), potozani ndodo ya windlass mpaka kutaya magazi kuleka ndipo kugunda kwa distal kutha, tsekani ndodoyo mu kopanira, ndipo lembani nthawi yeniyeni yogwiritsira ntchito. onani magazi kwambiri.
3. Lolani mabala akuya apakati ndi hemostatic kapena yopyapyala yopyapyala: Ngati chopukusira chikankhidwiranso ku groin crease, axilla (kumkhwapa), kapena m'munsi mwa khosi pomwe mawonekedwe ozungulira ozungulira sangathe kukulunga, sungani chilonda molimba pogwiritsa ntchito pindani la Z-pindani (kaolin/chitosan, chitsulo chosungunula kapena chopukutira). zala zanu zopukutira, kenaka sungani **osachepera mphindi 3 mpaka 5 zakukakamiza kosadukiza kwa manja awiri ** mwachindunji pabala lodzaza.
4. Osatsuka kapena kuthirira mabala a chopukusira chakuya m'sitolo: Musathire hydrogen peroxide, kupaka mowa, zosungunulira, kapena madzi apampopi pabala la chopukusira lomwe likutuluka magazi kwambiri kuti mutsuke mabala akuda; kutero kumasungunula magazi kuundana osalimba ndipo kumayambitsa kukha magazi koopsa. Kuwonongeka kwa opaleshoni m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni kudzachotsa grit yomwe ili mkati pokhapokha kuwongolera kwa mitsempha kumatheka.

3. Olowerera maso zoopsa ndi waya chikho burashi bristles¶

Maburashi amawaya opotoka amakhetsa zitsulo zotopa pa liwiro la ballistic zomwe zimatha kuboola cornea kapena sclera:

1. Osasisita m'diso kapena kutulutsa waya: Kutulutsa waya kapena chingwe chomwe chaboola m'diso kumatha kutulutsa madzimadzi a m'mitsempha ndikugwetsa dziko lapansi.
2. Tetezani diso lovulala ndi dome lolimba: Tengani chishango cholimba chachitsulo kapena pansi pa kapu ya pepala yoyera pamwamba pa fupa la orbital kuti palibe chomwe chikanikize pa diso; onani kuvulala m'maso.
3. Phimbani diso lomwe silinavulale: Chifukwa chakuti maso onse aŵiri amayenda pamodzi mofanana, kuphimba diso labwino ndi chigamba chopyapyala kumathandiza kuti diso lovulalalo likhazikike mpaka dokotala wamaso alipende.

Table saw kickback, blade kukhudzana, ndi kuvulala kwa makina opangira matabwa¶

The wapawiri limagwirira a tebulo anaona mwadzidzidzi¶

Patebulo lokhazikika lomwe silinabowole kapena mpeni wothamanga, pali njira ziwiri zovulaza zomwe zimachitika, nthawi zambiri pakagawikana komweko:

1. Kupwetekedwa mtima koopsa komanso kolowera: Pamene ng'anjo ikupita patsogolo, kupanikizika kwa matabwa nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti kefi kuseri kwa mpeni azitsina m'kati ndi mano akumbuyo a nsonga yopota ya mamilimita 254 (inchi 10), kapena chogwiriracho chimachoka patali ndi mpanda wong'ambika. Chifukwa mano akumbuyo amayenda m'mwamba ndi kutsogolo kwa wogwiritsa ntchitoyo pa liwiro lopitirira mamita 60 pa sekondi (makilomita 135 pa ola), amakokera bolodilo ndi kulilowetsa m'mimba, m'chiuno, pachifuwa, kapena kumaso. Zodulidwa zopyapyala zimatha kupachikidwa pa ntchafu kapena pamimba, pomwe matabwa olemera angayambitse ndulu zong'ambika, zotupa pachiwindi, kapena kuthyoka m'chiuno.
2. Kukokera m'manja ndi kudula m'madijiti ambiri: Ngati wogwiritsa ntchito akukankha bolodi ndi dzanja popanda ndodo pamene mano akumbuyo akugwedeza nkhuni chammbuyo, kutayika kwadzidzidzi kumakoka dzanja molunjika pa mano ozungulira a carbide, kudula kapena kugwedeza chala chachikulu ndi zala m'masekondi osakwana 0.1.

Momwe mungasamalire kudulidwa kwa chala ndikusunga manambala odulidwa¶

Magulu amakono ochita opaleshoni yapamanja amatha kubzalanso kudula chala chachikulu ndi chala ngati chitsa ndi gawo lodulidwazo zayendetsedwa bwino mphindi 15 zoyambirira:

1: Yesetsani kutaya magazi m'manja mwa wozunzidwayo¶

1. ** Khalani kapena kumugoneka pansi nthawi yomweyo:** Otema matabwa ovulala nthawi zambiri amakomoka ndi syncope yadzidzidzi ya vasovagal mkati mwa masekondi 30 akuyang'ana dzanja lawo, kuyika pangozi kuvulala mutu pa matebulo achitsulo; onani kukomoka.
2. Ikani kukakamiza kwachitsa chala chomwe chikutuluka ndi chopyapyala choyera kwambiri: Mitsempha ya digito imayenda mbali zonse za chala chilichonse. Manga dzanja lovulala mwamphamvu m'mapawolo okhuthala osabala ndipo kanikizani mwamphamvu kwinaku mutagwira mkono womwe uli pamwamba pamtima.
3. Musamangirire mitsempha yamagazi kapena kumanga mawaya kuzungulira zala: Kukantha chotengera chotuluka magazi mkati mwa chitsa chala kumaphwanya minyewa yomwe ili pafupi ndi digito, ndikuwonongeratu kumva kwa chala chobzalidwanso. Zodulidwa zala zapang'onopang'ono zimasiya kuthamanga mkati mwa mphindi 5 mpaka 10 za kupanikizika kolimba kwa gauze ndi kukwera; sungani ma tourniquets am'manja kuti mudulidwe pamkono kapena pamanja pomwe mumalowetsedwa ndi mavalidwe.
4. Khazikitsani kudulidwako pang'ono motsatana ndi chibadwa: Ngati chala chadulidwa kwambiri kupyola fupa koma nkukhala cholumikizidwa ndi pakhungu kapena tendon, musadule kapena kupotoza mlatho wapakhunguwo. Mlatho umenewo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi mitsempha yokhayo yotsalira yomwe imafunika kukhetsa magazi pambuyo pa microsurgery. Ikani gawo lomwe likulendewera molunjika pambali pa mnansi wake pansalu yopindika, iphimbe ndi yopyapyala yopyapyala ya saline, ndikukulunga dzanjalo mopepuka.

Khwerero 2: Pezani ndikuyika zala zodulidwa molondola¶

Perekani wogwira naye ntchito wodekha kuti afufuze kabati ya macheka, chute yafumbi, ndi malo ogulitsira pazigawo zonse zala zomwe zadulidwa:

1. Tsukani pang'ono pokhapokha ngati wokutidwa ndi utuchi: Tsukani fumbi lamatabwa pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito saline wosabala kapena madzi akumwa aukhondo. Osatsuka minofu, osagwiritsa ntchito sopo kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso musamachepe khungu lophwanyika.
2. Mangani padilo wopyapyala wonyowa pang'ono: Mangirirani chiwerengerocho ndi gauze wosabala wothiridwa ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi aukhondo ndikuphwanyidwa kuti chikhale chonyowa, osati chonyowa.
3. Ikani m'thumba lapulasitiki lowuma, losindikizidwa (Chotchinga 1): Ikani chala chokulungidwa ndi chopyapyala m'thumba lapulasitiki loyera, tulutsani mpweya wochulukirapo, ndikumata mwamphamvu kuti madzi asadutse mkati.
4. Yandani thumba lomatapo mkati mwa chisakanizo cha ayezi ndi madzi (Chotchinga 2): Dzazani chidebe chokulirapo ndi chisakanizo cha theka ndi theka cha ma cubes oundana ndi madzi ozizira, ndikuyika chikwama chamkati chosindikizidwa pamwamba pa bafa lamadzi oundanali.
5. Lemberani chikwamacho ndikuchisunga ndi wodwalayo: Lembani dzina la wovulalayo ndi nthawi yeniyeni yodulidwa m'chikwamacho ndikuchipereka kwa odwala opaleshoni.

Kuwunika zoopsa zobisika pambuyo pa tebulo lawona kuyambiranso¶

Osasokonezedwa kwambiri ndi bala lomwe likutuluka m'manja mwakuti muphonye kuvulala koopsa kwa mkati komwe kumachitika chifukwa chomenyedwa kumbuyo komwe kumenya torso ya woyendetsa:

• Yang'anani pamimba ndi m'munsi pachifuwa nthawi yomweyo: Kwezani malaya a munthu wovulalayo ndikuyang'ana zilonda, kuwotcha, kapena timatabwa tating'ono pamimba, nthiti, kapena groin.
• ** Onani ngati kutuluka kwa magazi m'kati kapena kuphulika kwa chiwalo:** Bolo lolemera lomwe limagunda kumanzere kwa mimba pamtunda wa mamita 70 pa sekondi iliyonse (makilomita 155 pa ola) likhoza kuphulika ndulu, pamene kugunda kwapakati kumatha kuphwanya matumbo kapena kung'amba mitsempha ya mesenteric. Ngati wovulalayo ayamba kukhala ndi mimba yolimba kapena yanthete, khungu lotumbululuka, kugunda kwa mtima, kapena kupweteka m'mphepete mwa phewa, kumapangitsa kuti agone pamsana pake, asapereke kanthu pakamwa, ndi chenjezo kuti atumize; onani mantha.

Lathe, makina obowola, ndi makina opangira mphero¶

Chifukwa chiyani ma spindle ozungulira samayima¶

Lathe yachitsulo yopangidwa ndi mafakitale, malo otembenuza CNC, makina osindikizira a radial, kapena lathe yamatabwa yolemera imagwira ntchito mozungulira mozungulira komanso torque yocheperako. Lathe yachitsulo yomwe ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono 300 mpaka 600 RPM imatembenuza chuck 5 mpaka 10 kusinthika kwathunthu pamphindikati iliyonse.

Ngati katswiri wamakina afika pafupi ndi chuck chopota, galu wowotchera, zomangira za lead, kapena katundu wotuluka atavala *magilovu amtundu uliwonse, wotchi yotakasuka, manja aatali, kapena tsitsi lalitali losakhazikika:

1. Nthawi yochitira ziro: Nthawi ya zochita za anthu ndi pafupifupi masekondi 0.25. Pa 600 RPM, lathe chuck ya 200-millimeter (8-inchi) imakoka chala cha magolovu kupyola 125 mpaka 150 mamilimita (5 mpaka 6 mainchesi) akuyenda ubongo usanalembetse kukhudzana.
2. Kumangirira pang'onopang'ono: Magolovesi okhazikika ogwirira ntchito, manja a denim, ndi ma apuloni am'sitolo amakhala ngati zingwe zolimba kwambiri zomwe zimazungulira zala za wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, mkono wake, mkono wake wam'manja, ndi nsagwada zozungulira, ndikudula mafupa amkono pamalo angapo asanamenye mutu wake ndi chifuwa chake pabedi.

Kupulumutsa pang'onopang'ono ndi chithandizo chamankhwala cha lathe kapena kubowola atolankhani¶

Gawo 1: Kutseka kwamakina kwadzidzidzi ndi Lockout/Tagout¶

1. Imenyeni Emergency Stop ndikugwira mabuleki a spindle: Pamalo ambiri a injini zamafakitale, chopondapo chachitali cha phazi chimakhala m'munsi mwa chip pan. Kutsika mwamphamvu pa phazi la phazi kumayendetsa cholumikizira chamagetsi ndikumanga mabuleki ozungulira, kuyimitsa kuzungulira kwa chuck mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kugunda chosinthira khoma chokha.
2. Lumikizani ndi kutseka mphamvu yamagetsi yoyambira: Ponyani cholumikizira chamagetsi chokwera pakhoma kuti ** ZIMALIRA** kuti makinawo asayambikenso ngati wina agunda cholumikizira cholumikizira panthawi yopulumutsa.
3. Musamathamangire kapena kuthamangitsa injini mobwerera m'mbuyo kuti muvundukule wogwidwayo: Ngakhale kuthamanga kwamagetsi kwa mphindi pang'ono pang'onopang'ono kumayendetsa ndodo yolemera kwambiri ndi mphamvu yosalamulirika yomwe ingadutse mtsempha wamagazi kapena kuthyola msana wa wovulalayo.

Gawo 2: Kutulutsidwa kwa ndege ndi kukhazikika kwamakina¶

Makinawo akamwalira ndikutsekeredwa, yesani munthu yemwe watsekeredwa mkati mwa masekondi 5:

1. Perekani kukhosi pakhosi kapena pachifuwa nthawi yomweyo: Ngati nsonga ya hoodie ya munthu wovulalayo, loopu ya sitolo, kolala ya malaya, kapena tsitsi lazunguliridwa mwamphamvu patsinde ndi kutsekereza mpweya wake, gwiritsani ntchito masikelo kapena mpeni wothandiza (kudula kutali kukhosi) kudula nsalu kapena tsitsi nthawi yomweyo.
2. Thandizani kulemera komwe kwayimitsidwa kwa thupi la wovulalayo: Khalani ndi opulumutsa awiri akuthandizira mapewa, chiuno, ndi mutu wa wovulalayo (kapena tsitsani matabwa olimba pansi pawo) kuti kulemera kwa thupi lawo lisagwere pansi pa mkono wopindika ndi mitsempha ya brachial plexus.
3. Sankhani ngati musiya makinawo atakhoma kapena asiyanitse pamanja:
4. Ngati wovulalayo akupuma ndipo magazi akuwongoleredwa: Siyani mkono uli pamalo ake, ikani cholozera pamwamba pa mkono wanu ngati magazi akutuluka, khazikitsani khosi pamanja, ndipo dikirani kuti akatswiri opulumutsa anthu ozimitsa moto atsegule nsagwada za chuck kapena kudula zigawo zake mosamala.
5. Ngati wovulalayo ali ndi vuto la mtima, akulephera kupuma chifukwa cha kukanikizidwa pachifuwa pa bedi la lathe, kapena kutuluka magazi mosalekeza kuchokera m'chombo chosafikirika: Ikani ma levers a gearbox a lathe mu Neutral kapena masulani brake ya spindle, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito wrench ya chuck kapena mphamvu yamanja kuti mutembenuzire chuck chammbuyo pang'onopang'ono pamanja ndi dzanja pang'onopang'ono ndikudula chilonda cham'mbuyo pang'onopang'ono. chifuwa ndi mpweya zimamasulidwa.
6. Konzekerani zovuta za kuphwanyidwa ndi kubwezeretsanso: Zovala zopindika mwamphamvu mozungulira chitsulo chachitsulo zimakhala ngati tourniquet yokonzedwa bwino. Ngati chiwalocho chikakulungidwa musanayambe kupita kuchipatala, mitsempha yophwanyidwa imatha kuphulika ndikutaya magazi kwambiri. Ikani malonda a windlass tourniquet pamwamba pa mkono wapamwamba pafupi ndi phewa ** musanayambe ** kudula zovala zomangirira zomwe zimakulungidwa mozungulira kwambiri; onani kuphwanya kuwonongeka ndi compartment syndrome.

Makiyi owuluka a lathe chuck ndi zida zobowola zosadziletsa¶

Zowopsa zina ziwiri za projectile zimachitika pafupipafupi m'malo ogulitsira makina:

1. Kiyi yoyiwalika ya lathe chuck: Ngati katswiri wamakina asiya kiyi ya T-hand chuck socket ya nsagwada zitatu ndikugwirana ndi spindle, kiyi yolemera yachitsulo imayikidwa pa chigaza, pachifuwa, kapena diso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Yang'anani ngati chigaza chachisoni chikusweka, kutuluka magazi m'mitsempha, kapena kuvulala pachifuwa; onani kuvulala pamutu ndi kuvulala kwa msana.
2. Chogwiritsira ntchito pobowola zitsulo: Pobowola zitsulo kapena mbale pa makina obowola popanda kukanikiza ntchitoyo patebulo, zitoliro zobowola zimagwira pamene zikudutsa pansi pa dzenje, ndikusandutsa chitsulo kukhala 1,000-RPM chopota cha 1,000-RPM chomwe chimadula zala ndi manja. Sungani mabala ozama nthawi yomweyo ndi kuthamanga kwachindunji ndi kukwera.

Kukonzekera kwa zoopsa za msonkhano ndi mndandanda wa chitetezo cha makina¶

• Zida zotchingira magazi zotchingidwa pafupi ndi malo ogulitsira: Sungani osachepera zipinda ziwiri za windlass, zopyapyala za hemostatic, mabandeji opondereza, ma shear, magulovu a nitrile, chishango chamaso cholimba, ndi matumba apulasitiki oyeretsedwa a zip-pamwamba (kuti musunge manambala) zokhazikika powonekera.
• Angle grinder guard and RPM verification: Tsimikizirani kuti chitsulo chotchingira chili ndi bawuti pakati pa diski ndi dzanja la woyendetsa, tsimikizirani kuchuluka kwa RPM kwa gudumu ndi **kufanana kapena kupitirira kuposa ** RPM yopukutira yopanda katundu, ndikutaya mawilo otsika kapena otha ntchito.
• Mpeni wokhomerera patebulo, blade guard, ndi zokankhira: Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito mpeni wokhomerera kuseri kwa mpeni kuti mupewe kukanikiza kefi, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito timitengo nthawi iliyonse pamene mpanda wong'amba uli mkati mwa masentimita 15 ( mainchesi 6) kuchokera pa tsambalo.
• Olimba "Palibe Magolovesi, Manja Otayirira, Ma mphete, Palibe Tsitsi Lalitali": Letsani magolovesi, mawotchi, mphete, zingwe zokokera, ndi tsitsi losapinidwa pafupi ndi lathe, makina obowola, makina ophera, kapena chopukusira benchi.
• Makiyi a chuck odzadza ndi masika ndi masiwichi oyimitsa mawondo: Gwiritsani ntchito makiyi odziponya okha ndikuyika masiwichi otsegula mawondo pa macheka a patebulo.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi¶

Chifukwa chiyani simuyenera kuyika chala chodulidwa mwachindunji pa ayezi mutawona ngozi ya tebulo?¶

Kuyika chala chodulidwa kapena chala chachikulu motsutsana ndi ayezi, mapaketi a mufiriji, kapena ayezi wouma kumapangitsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi, minyewa, ndi ma cell a khungu mkati mwa manambala aziundana molimba, ndikupanga timibulu tating'ono tomwe timaphwanya makoma a cell ndikuwononga kwamuyaya mitsempha ya endothelium (frostbite). Minofu ikawumitsidwa pa ayezi wachindunji, ma microsurgeons sangathe kuyambiranso kuyenda kwa magazi ndipo manambala sangathe kubzalidwanso. Nthawi zonse kulungani gawo lodulidwalo ndi chopyapyala choyera chonyowa pang'ono ndi saline wosabala kapena madzi apampopi, ndikusindikiza mkati mwa thumba la pulasitiki lowuma, ndikuyandama pathumba lomata pamwamba pa madzi oundana ndi madzi ozizira kuti muziziritsa bwino minofu mpaka 4 digiri Celsius (39 degrees Fahrenheit) osazizira.

Chifukwa chiyani ndizoletsedwa kuvala magolovesi ogwira ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito makina osindikizira a lathe kapena kubowola, ngakhale mutagwira zitsulo zakuthwa?¶

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito chida chamanja kapena chitsulo chosasunthika, magolovesi achikopa kapena osadulidwa a Kevlar amateteza khungu lanu ku zilonda zakuthwa. Komabe, pafupi ndi nsonga yozungulira yozungulira yoyendetsedwa ngati chitsulo chopindika, zomangira za lead, kapena makina obowola, magolovesi amasintha kansalu kakang'ono ka khungu kukhala chodula kwambiri kapena kutsekeka koopsa. Ngati khungu lopanda kanthu likhala ndi maburashi mozungulira pobowola kapena nsagwada za chuck, limawotcha kapena kung'ambika komwe kumapangitsa kusiya nthawi yomweyo. Ngati nsalu yolukidwa kapena magulovu achikopa aphwanyidwa pa dzino lozungulira kapena loboola, mphamvu yolimba ya gulovu imalepheretsa kung'ambika, kukoka zala za wogwiritsa ntchitoyo, dzanja lake, ndi mkono wake wonse kulowa mutsinde lozungulira la torque yayikulu pasanathe kotala la sekondi imodzi.

Kodi ndi chiyani chomwe chimachititsa kuti disiki yopukutira ma angle kuti iphulike, ndipo nchifukwa ninji disiki yaikulu yothayo ili yoopsa pa chopukusira chaching'ono?¶

Ma discs a resin-bonded abrasive cutoff discs amagwiridwa ndi fiberglass mesh opangidwa kuti azitha kupirira kuthamanga kwapadera kwa mkombero, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 80 metres pa sekondi (180 miles pa ola). Chifukwa chimbale chachikulu cha 180-millimeter (7-inch) kapena 230-millimeter (9-inchi) chili ndi circumference yotakata, chimafika pamlingo wotetezeka kwambiri wothamanga pa 6,500 mpaka 8,500 RPM, pomwe chopukusira chaching'ono cha 115-millimeter (4.5-inchi) chimazungulira mpaka 11,30PM. Pamene wogwira ntchito amachotsa chitetezo kuchokera ku chopukusira chaching'ono cha RPM kuti akweze chimbale chokulirapo (ngakhale chomwe chimatha kukula, chomwe pakati pa dzenje ndi fiberglass yokhotakhota zidafowoketsedwa ndi ntchito isanayambe), kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa mphamvu za centrifugal zomwe zimadutsa malire apangidwe a utomoni, ndikugwedeza gudumu mu supernelsonic.

Ngati manja a mnzanga atsekeredwa pa ulusi wopota ndikuyimitsa makinawo kapena zogulira, bwanji ndisatembenuze chosinthira cha injiniyo kuti ndisinthe?¶

Ma motor lathe motors ndi ma headstocks okhazikika amatulutsa torque yayikulu yoyambira mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi yomweyo. Ngati mupatsa mphamvu injini mobwerera m'mbuyo pamene mkono wothyoka wa mnzanu, phewa, kapena malaya watsekedwa mwamphamvu pa chuck kapena chogwirira ntchito, simungathe kulamulira kutalika kapena kutembenuka kwa nsonga; Kuphulika kwa magetsi kwa theka la sekondi kungathe kupindika mafupa othyoka mbali ina, kudula mtsempha wamagazi, kapena kumenyetsa khosi la wovulalayo ku bedi la lathe. Nthawi zonse chotsani mphamvu yamagetsi kwathunthu, sinthani ma levers otengera mutu kuti asalowerere m'makina, ndipo mwina mudikire akatswiri opulumutsa moto kapena mutembenuzire chuck pang'onopang'ono ndi tizigawo tamanja ta centimita panthawi ndikudula zovala zothina zokhala ndi zida zowopsa.

*Bukhuli limapereka chidziwitso chokonzekera mwadzidzidzi komanso chithandizo choyamba pa ngozi zamakina amsonkhanowu ndipo sichilowa m'malo mwa maphunziro odzitetezera pamakina kapena chithandizo chamankhwala. Ganizirani za kulandira chithandizo choyamba chovomerezeka, CPR, ndi Stop the Bleed tourniquet course kuchokera ku Red Cross, St John Ambulance, American College of Surgeons, kapena bungwe lanu lachitetezo cha dziko.

Maupangiri ogwirizana¶

• Kutaya magazi kwambiri komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tourniquet
• Kupachikidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa chinthu chachilendo
• Kuvulala kwamaso ndi kuphulika kwa mankhwala
• Jekeseni wawasher wothamanga komanso kuvulala kwa zida zamagetsi
• Kuvulala kuntchito ndi ngozi zamakampani
• Crush injury and compartment syndrome

Magwero afufuzidwa¶

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Machine Guarding Standard (29 CFR 1910.212), Abrasive Wheel Machinery (29 CFR 1910.215), and Woodworking Machinery Requirements (29 CFR 1910.213)
• Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Chitetezo pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magudumu Abrasive (HSG17) ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru Makina Opangira matabwa (Malamulo Ovomerezeka Ovomerezeka L114)
• American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH, United States): Emergency Care and Preservation of Amputated Digits for Microsurgical Replantation
• Komiti ya American College of Surgeons on Trauma (ACS COT, United States): Lekani Malangizo Oletsa Kutaya kwa Magazi ndi Prehospital Trauma Life Support (PHTLS)
• Canadian Center for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS, Canada): Zingwe Zopangira Zitsulo, Zopukutira Zonyamula, ndi Zowona Zachitetezo Patebulo Lozungulira