Skip to content

Kuvulala kwa jakisoni wothamanga kwambiri komanso chida champhamvu chowombera

Manambala angozi amasiyana malinga ndi dziko. Tsambali limagwiritsa ntchito 911, nambala ya United States ndi Canada. Mayiko ena ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito 112, 999, kapena nambala ina. Pezani nambala ya dziko lanu.

Pakati pa zoopsa zonse za kuntchito ndi zapanyumba, kuvulala kwa jekeseni wamadzimadzi othamanga kwambiri ndizochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zimaganiziridwa moopsa kwambiri m'zachipatala. Mwini nyumba kapena wogwira ntchito m'mafakitale akasesa mphuno ya makina ochapira, chopopera utoto chopanda mpweya, mfuti yamafuta, jekeseni wamafuta a dizilo, kapena payipi ya pinhole ya hydraulic hose ikudontha pa chala chake kapena pachikhatho chake, madziwa amayenda mothamanga pakati pa 150 ndi 350 metres pa sekondi imodzi (500 mpaka 500 mpaka 1,150 mapazi pa sekondi imodzi kufika pa 1,150) pansi pa kuthamanga kwa 1,150 (mapaundi 1,500 mpaka 10,000 pa inchi imodzi / psi). Chifukwa khungu la munthu limabowoleredwa ndi mtsinje uliwonse wamadzimadzi womwe umapitilira pafupifupi ** 7 bar (100 psi), ndegeyo imakhomerera molunjika kudzera pa magolovesi achikopa ndi epidermis osasiya ngakhale mdulidwe, ndikusiya kachingwe kakang'ono, kopanda magazi, kopanda ululu wa 1-millimeter pa chala pomwe ikuyendetsa utoto wapoizoni, zosungunulira, mabakiteriya opindika m'madzi. m'manja ndi m'manja.

Chifukwa chala chikuwoneka bwino kwa maola awiri kapena anayi oyambirira, ozunzidwa nthawi zonse amamangirira bandeji pa kadontho kakang'ono ndikupita kukagona, kapena amatulutsidwa molakwika m'zipatala ndi maantibayotiki amkamwa. Mkati mwa maola 6 mpaka 12, kutupa kwamphamvu kwamankhwala komwe kumachititsa kuti thupi likhale lopweteka kwambiri komanso kutupa kwapang'onopang'ono kumachepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi kupita ku digito. Mabuku azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti ngati kuwonongeka kwa maopaleshoni ndi kuwonongeka kwa zipinda zogwirira ntchito kuchedwa kupitirira **6 mpaka maola 10 , kudulidwa kwa chala kapena dzanja kumakwera kuchokera pansi pa 15 peresenti kufika pakati pa 40 ndi 80 peresenti (makamaka ndi utoto wopangidwa ndi mafuta, zosungunulira za turpentine, ndi madzi amadzimadzi). Zomwe zimafulumira komanso zosakhululuka ndi kuvulala kozungulira kwa zida zamphamvu kuchokera ku zopukutira, macheka ozungulira, macheni, ndi mfuti zamsomali. Kudziwa momwe mungazindikire kuvulala kwa jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuyika ayezi padzanja lobayidwa, ndi momwe mungayankhire ma disks ophwanyidwa ndi misomali yokhazikika kumapulumutsa miyendo ndi miyoyo.

Chitani izi tsopano

  1. Chiritsani kukhudzana KONSE pakhungu ndi makina ochapira oponderezedwa, kupopera utoto wopanda mpweya, kutayikira kwa pinhole ya hydraulic, kapena mfuti yamafuta ngati opaleshoni yamoyo ndi miyendo. Ngakhale chala chitakhala ndi kadontho kakang'ono ka 1 millimeter, sichikutulutsa magazi, ndipo sichikupweteka kwambiri poyamba, pitani mwachangu ku Level 1 Trauma-call/plastic hospital *pachipatala ndi chithandizo chamankhwala.
  2. Uzani namwino wapachipinda chodzidzimutsa kupanikizika kwenikweni kwa PSI/bar ndi jekeseni yeniyeni ya mankhwala. Nenani momveka bwino kuti: "Ichi ndi jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri wamadzimadzi pa [X] PSI ndi [penti ya latex / penti yamafuta / hydraulic fluid / pressure-washer madzi]; pamafunika kuunika kwa opaleshoni yamanja mwamsanga kuti awonongeke." Bweretsani utoto ndi data ya SD.
  3. MUSAMAgwiritse ntchito ayezi, mapaketi ozizira, kapena zomangira zothina zomangira jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri, ndipo musayese konse kufinya madzimadziwo. Madzi ojambulidwawo ali kale ndi njala ya chala cha mtsempha wa magazi mwa kufinya mitsempha ya digito yotsekedwa kuchokera mkati; kugwiritsa ntchito ayezi kumayambitsa vasoconstriction kwambiri yomwe imathandizira kuphulika kwa minofu ndi kudula.
  4. **Ikani chopukutira chamalonda kapena kukakamiza kolimba mwachangu nthawi yomweyo pakubowola nsabwe zakuya, zozungulira, kapena zopukutira. kanikizani nsalu yokhuthala kwambiri pabalapo kapena ikani pabalaza lawindass tourniquet 5 mpaka 7 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa bala lakuthwanima ndikuyimbira nambala yanu yadzidzidzi (911 ku United States ndi Canada, 112 kudutsa European Union, 999 ku United Kingdom) kapena onani manambala angozi.
  5. *MUSAMAtulutse msomali wokhomeredwa pachigaza, pachifuwa, diso, mfundo, kapena zala ziwiri. Kutulutsa msomali waminga kapena msomali m'munda umang'amba minyewa, minyewa, ndi mitsempha yamagazi ndikuyambitsa matenda ozama m'mafupa; dulani bolodi la matabwa kuti lisatuluke mnyumbamo kotero kuti thabwa laling'ono limayenda ndi wodwalayo, kapena khazikitsani mutu wa msomali wotuluka m'malo kuti muchotsere opaleshoni ya X-ray.
  6. **Musakhudze payipi ya hydraulic kapena jekeseni wa dizilo ndi dzanja lanu kapena chiguduli kuti mufufuze pakudontha. nthawi zonse gwirani katoni kapena matabwa kuti muone ngati nkhungu yatuluka.
flowchart TD
    Start["Chida Chopanikizika Kwambiri kapena Chida Champhamvu Kuvulala kwa Kickback"] --> ToolType{"Ndi kuvulala kotani kumene kunachitika?"}
    ToolType -->|"Pressure Washer, Paint Sprayer, Hydraulic Line, kapena Grease Gun"| Inject["ZINTHU ZODZIWA DZIWIKA LOJAMIKIRANI KWAMBIRI:<br/>1. Pitani kwa Dokotala Wopanga Manja Achipatala NTHAWI YOMWEYO (ngakhale kadontho kakang'ono kosapweteka)<br/>2. OSATI kupaka ayezi kapena kufinya bala<br/>3. Chotsani mphete/mawotchi nthawi yomweyo<br/>4. Bweretsani zilembo za SDS / utoto"]
    ToolType -->|"Angle Grinder Disc Shatter, Circular Saw, kapena Chainsaw Kickback"| Kickback["1. Kuwongolera magazi m'mitsempha ndi kuthamanga kwachindunji kapena tourniquet<br/>2. Siyani zing'onozing'ono zokhomeredwa bwino (zikhazikika ndi zopyapyala zopyapyala)<br/>3. Sungani zala zodulidwa mu yopyapyala yopyapyala -> thumba la pulasitiki -> madzi oundana"]
    ToolType -->|"Mfuti Ya Pneumatic Nail Yokhomeredwa Msomali"| NailSite{"Kodi msomali wokhomeredwa pati?"}
    NailSite -->|"Mutu, Khosi, Chifuwa, Diso, kapena Pamimba"| LifeThreat["Imbani 911/112/999 nthawi yomweyo; OSAKHUDZA kapena kukokera msomali; khazikika wodwala akadali"]
    NailSite -->|"Dzanja, Chala, Phazi, kapena Kulumikizana kwa Bondo"| LimbNail["OSATI kukoka misomali ndi pliers; kudula matabwa omangika kwaulere ngati atapanikizidwa, kulumikiza nthambi, pitani ku ER kuti muchotsere X-ray"]

Kuvulala kwa jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri: chifukwa chiyani kabowo kakang'ono kamene kamayambitsa kudulidwa

Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti ngati mtsinje wothamanga kwambiri ugunda m'manja mwawo popanda kudula pang'onopang'ono, khungu likhoza kupotoza kupopera. M'malo mwake, ma jets amadzimadzi othamanga kwambiri amakhala ngati singano ya hypodermic yomwe imagwira ntchito pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri.

Gwero la Zida Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwantchito Kuthamanga kwa Madzi ndi Makhalidwe Olowa Chemical Poizoni ndi Kudulidwa Kuopsa
Wopaka utoto wopanda mpweya 140 mpaka 250 bar (2,000 mpaka 3,600 psi) Kuyenda kuchokera pansonga yosinthika pa> 200 m/s; Amaboola khungu kuchokera patali mpaka 15 cm (6 mainchesi) popukuta mphuno yotsekeka Chiwopsezo Chachikulu Chodula (40% mpaka 80% pa utoto / zowonda zamafuta): Mzimu woyera, turpentine, ndi zosungunulira za xylene zimasungunula nembanemba zama cell ndikuyambitsa pompopompo necrosis yamankhwala; Utoto wa latex wopangidwa ndi madzi umakhala ndi chiwopsezo chocheperako koma chowopsa cha chipinda
Gasoline kapena Electric Pressure Washer (0° Red kapena 15° Yellow Tip) 100 mpaka 300 bar (1,500 mpaka 4,400 psi) Imayika pampu yonse yamadzi mu jeti yotsogola ya pensulo; amadula molunjika kudzera mu nsapato za labala, masiketi, ndi magolovesi achikopa Chiwopsezo Chachikulu ndi Chiwopsezo cha Zigawo: Imayendetsa madzi a dziwe/pampopi omwe sakhala ndi kupanikizika kwambiri, mabakiteriya a mdothi (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus), nkhungu, ndi thovu la mpweya (subcutaneous emphysema) kulowa m'mafupa ndi tendon
Kutuluka kwa Hydraulic Hose Pinhole (Zofukula, Mathirakitala, Zokwezera, Zogawitsa Zipika) 140 mpaka 350 bar (2,000 mpaka 5,000 psi) Bowo losatopa kwambiri la payipi loluka lachitsulo limawombera pafupifupi ndege yosawoneka bwino yotentha 80°C (176°F) mineral hydraulic oil Chiwopsezo Chachikulu Chodulidwa: Mafuta otentha a petroleum hydraulic fluid amachititsa kuyaka nthawi imodzi, kuponderezedwa kwa makina, komanso kufa kwambiri kwa minofu yakunja.
Nozzle ya Dizilo ya Fuel Injector (Mainjini ndi Ma Common-Rail Systems) 200 mpaka 2,500 bar (3,000 mpaka 36,000 psi) Jeti yamafuta a dizilo ya atomized poyesa benchi kapena kutulutsa magazi kumadutsa pakhungu, minofu, ndi fupa la fupa nthawi yomweyo. Chiwopsezo Changozi Chodulidwa (> 70% ngati chichedwetsedwa): Mafuta a dizilo ndi zosungunulira zamphamvu za cytotoxic hydrocarbon zomwe zimasungunula mafuta apansi pakhungu ndikuyambitsa chotupa chonyowa mwachangu.
Mfuti ya Pneumatic kapena Lever Grease 350 mpaka 700 bar (5,000 mpaka 10,000 psi) Mafuta a lithiamu kapena molybdenum disulfide otuluka kuchokera ku Zerk wotsekeka amaboola chikhatho kapena chala. Kulemala Kwachikale ndi Chiwopsezo Chodulidwa: Mafuta olemera omwe sangatengeke m'mphepete mwa minyewa ya tendon; amafuna kuti achotsedwe mwachidwi kuti achotse fibrosis m'manja

Momwe madzi amadzimadzi amayendera kuchokera ku chala kupita chakumanja mu milliseconds

Pamene mphuno yothamanga kwambiri igunda cholozera kapena chala chapakati (ziwerengero ziwiri zomwe zimavulala kwambiri), jeti yamadzimadzi imalowa mpaka itagunda fupa lolimba la phalanx kapena sheath yolimba ya fibrous flexor tendon:

  1. Kukhota motsatira ndege za anatomical: Ikagunda fupa lolimba kapena tendon, ndege ya 3,000-psi imapatuka mozungulira komanso motalikirapo (m'mwamba kumanja), ikuwombera mkati mwa flexor tendon synovial sheath kapena m'mitolo ya neurovascular ngati madzi akuponya chitoliro. Pakadutsa masekondi 0.1, penti kapena mafuta a hydraulic olowetsedwa kunsonga ya chala chaching'ono kapena chala chachikulu amatha kuyenda kudutsa pachikhatho cha Parona m'mphepete mwa mkono wakumunsi.
  2. Kuwonongeka kwa magawo atatu kwa chala:
  3. Gawo 1: Kukhazikika kwamakina (Pomwepo): Chala cha munthu chimakhala ndi ziro zowonjezera mkati mwa envulopu yake yothina. Kubaya mamililita 2 mpaka 5 okha amadzimadzi (theka la supuni ya tiyi) yamadzimadzi m'chala kumakweza mphamvu ya mkati mwa chipindacho pamwamba pa systolic blood pressure, ndikugwetsa timitsempha ting'onoting'ono ta digito ndi mitsempha.
  4. Gawo 2: Chemical cytotoxicity (Maola 1 mpaka 6): Mafuta osungunulira mafuta, zosungunulira penti, mafuta a dizilo, ndi mafuta a hydraulic amasungunula makoma a lipid cell, amaundana mapuloteni, ndikuyambitsa thrombosis yayikulu ya mitsempha yamagazi (kuundana kwa magazi mkati mwa mitsempha ya digito) motsatira vasospasm yamankhwala.
  5. Gawo 3: Matenda a bakiteriya a Necrotizing (Maola 6 mpaka 24): Chifukwa minofu tsopano yafa ndithu ndipo ischemic (njala ya okosijeni ndi maselo oyera a magazi), mabakiteriya omwe amalowetsedwa ndi mphuno yakuda amachulukana kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale gangrene, sepsis, ndikudulidwa mokakamizidwa.

Chinyengo "gawo lobisika" lomwe limapusitsa odwala ndi madokotala

Danger

Osadikirira kuti jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri ayambe kupweteka kapena kutupa musanapite kuchipatala. Pamaola awiri kapena anayi oyamba mutatha kuchapa makina ochapira, chopopera utoto, kapena jakisoni wa hydraulic, chala chimangomva kupweteka pang'ono kapena dzanzi pang'ono ndipo kumawoneka bwino kwambiri kupatula kadontho kakang'ono. Pamene ululu wopweteka kwambiri, khungu lotumbululuka, ndi kutupa kwa soseji kumawonekera patatha maola 4 mpaka 8, imfa ya minofu yosasinthika imakhala kale.

Thandizo loyamba la sitepe ndi sitepe pakuvulala kwa jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri

  1. Imitsani ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndikuchotsa mphete, mawotchi, ndi magolovesi onse: Chotsani zomangira zaukwati kapena mphete zaukwati padzanja lovulala pakadutsa masekondi 60 chala chitafufuma.
  2. OSATI kupaka ayezi kapena madzi ozizira: Mosiyana ndi mikwingwirima wamba kapena kutentha komwe kumathandizira kuziziritsa, kuyika paketi ya ayezi pamalo ovulala ndi jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri ndikoletsedwa. Cold constricts otsala microscopic mitsempha mu chala, imathandizira ischemia ndi gangrene.
  3. OSATI kufinyidwa, kudula, kapena kuyesa kuyamwa utoto kapena mafuta pabowo: Kufinya chala chojambulidwa ndi penti kapena girisi kumapangitsa kuti mankhwalawo alowe mkati mwa minyewa ya minyewa ndikuwononga minyewa ya digito yosweka.
  4. MUSATAKE bandeji yothina kwambiri (pokhapokha ngati magazi atuluka m'mitsempha): Mabowo ambiri samatulutsa magazi. Mangirirani dzanja momasuka mu chowuma chowuma, chopyapyala ndi kuphatikizika dzanja ndi dzanja m'malo osalowerera ndale okwera ** pamlingo wamtima ** (osakwezedwa molunjika mumlengalenga ngati chala chayamba kale chotumbululuka komanso ischemic, chifukwa kukwera kwambiri kumachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi).
  5. Sungani NPO ya wodwala (pakamwa: palibe chakudya, madzi, palibe mapiritsi opweteka atamezedwa ndi magalasi akuluakulu amadzi): Wodwala adzafunika opaleshoni yachangu kapena minyewa ya m'dera m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni mkati mwa maola angapo kuti atsegule chala ndi kanjedza podula zig-zag (Bruner incision) ndikutsuka poizoni. Kudya kapena kumwa panjira yopita kuchipatala kumachedwetsa opaleshoni.
  6. Pitani ku chipatala chachikulu chomwe chili ndi luso la Opanga Opaleshoni Pamanja (dumphani m'zipatala zachangu): Chipatala cholowa m'chipinda cha opareshoni sichingathe kusokoneza m'chipinda cha opareshoni ndi flexor tendon sheath decompression. Kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kuchipatala, onetsetsani kuti gulu loyeserera likuyambitsa maantibayotiki olowa m'mitsempha yamtundu wambiri, tetanus prophylaxis, ma X-ray (omwe amawonetsa utoto wa radiopaque/titaniyamu kapena madontho a mpweya wodutsa m'manja), ndi kutulukira Opaleshoni Yamanja pawindo lagolide la maola 6.

Chida chothandizira mphamvu: chopukusira ngodya, macheka ozungulira, ndi ma chainsaws

Zida zodulira zapamwamba za RPM zimasunga mphamvu zozungulira zozungulira. Pamene m'mphepete mwake amamangiriza, pinches, kapena snags pa workpiece, mphamvu zonse zozungulira zimasinthidwa nthawi yomweyo kukhala mphamvu yowonjezera (** kickback **), kuponyera tsamba lozungulira kapena disc abrasive kumbuyo kumbuyo kwa nkhope, khosi, ntchafu, kapena ntchafu mofulumira kuposa momwe anthu amachitira.

Mtundu wa Chida Champhamvu Kickback / Failure Mechanism Chitsanzo Chovulaza Chochitika Mandatory Engineering & PPE Controls
Chopukusira Pamanja (115 mm / 4.5-inchi mpaka 230 mm / 9-inch, kupota pa 6,600 mpaka 11,000 RPM) Abrasive disc shatter kapena upper-quadrant pinch kickback: Mawilo owonda omangika amapindika mu kagawo, amatsitsidwa, kapena kupitilira mulingo wake wa RPM wosindikizidwa ndikuphulika kukhala shrapnel pa> 80 metres pamphindi (180 mph); kapena nsonga zoseba matabwa zosaloledwa Kumapeto kwa nkhope, khosi (jugular / carotid), ndi kulowetsedwa kwa shrapnel kuchokera ku zidutswa zowonongeka za resin disc; minyewa yodulira kumbuyo kwa dzanja lomwe silili lolamulira Osachotsa chotchingira chitsulo; nthawi zonse amakani chogwirira chothandizira chakumbali ndikugwira ndi manja onse awiri; match disc RPM mlingo > = chopukusira RPM; valani magalasi ONSE otetezera NDI chishango cha nkhope ya polycarbonate (ANSI Z87.1+); musamakweze tsamba lamatabwa kapena chojambula cha chainsaw pa chopukusira ngodya
Circular Saw (Skilsaw) ndi Table Saw Kerf-pinch back blade kickback: Monga bolodi imachekedwa popanda kuthandizira koyenera, kagawo kakang'ono (kerf) kamapumira ndi kukanikiza mano otuluka kumbuyo a nsonga yopota, kuponya macheka kumbuyo kuchokera mu nkhuni kupita pa ntchafu ya woyendetsa kapena dzanja lothandizira. Kudula chala chachikulu chakumanzere, cholozera, ndi zala zapakati (pogwira bolodi pafupi kwambiri ndi njira ya tsamba); kuphulika kwa mitsempha yakuya yachikazi kutsogolo kwa ntchafu Thandizani mbali yokhazikika ya bolodi pa ma sawhorses kotero kuti chidutswa chodulidwa chigwere momasuka, kutsegula kerf; osatsegula kapena kuyika mawaya otchingira ma telescoping; gwiritsani ntchito mpeni ndikukankhira ndodo pa macheka a tebulo
Petulo kapena Chainsaw yamagetsi Nthawi yapamphuno ya kalozera wa nsonga yapamwamba: The quadrant yam'mwamba ya mphuno ya kalozera (Kickback Danger Zone) imakhudza nthambi, chipika chachiwiri, kapena pansi, kuyendetsa mano ozungulira pansi ndi chinthu cholimba ndikukwapula chotchinga m'mwamba mu 90-degree arc mu 0.1 mpaka 0.2 masekondi Zotupa zong'ambika paphewa lakumanzere, khosi, kumaso, kapena ntchafu/bondo lakumanzere (mano amatafuna nyama yotambasuka 1 cm m'malo modula mpeni woyera) Sungani chala chakumanzere chokulungidwa kwathunthu ** pansi pa ** chogwirizira chakutsogolo (kotero kickback imakankhira kumbuyo kwa dzanja lamanzere motsutsana ndi ** inertia chain brake paddle **); valani mipukutu yosamva ya Kevlar/ballistic nayiloni (UL / EN 381-5) ndi chisoti chokhala ndi chophimba kumaso; osadula ndi nsonga ya bala
Mfuti ya Msomali, Yopanda Zingwe, Kapena Ufa (Yopangira Nailer) Maulendo olumikizana nawo ("bump-fire") kuyatsa moto kawiri: Woyendetsa akugwira choyatsira choyimbira pansi mosalekeza; atakhomerera msomali, mfutiyo imabwerera ndikugubuduza nkhuni kapena bondo/dzanja la woyendetsayo, ndikuombera msomali wachiwiri wa masentimita 9 (3.5 mainchesi) mosayembekezereka. Kulowetsa msomali wachitsulo kudzera pa zala/mafupa, mawondo, phazi, ntchafu, pachifuwa (tamponade ya mtima), kapena chigaza (kuvulala muubongo) Nthawi zonse gwiritsani ntchito Full Sequential Trigger (imafuna kufooketsa nsonga ya mphuno motsutsana ndi nkhuni musanakoke choyambitsa msomali uliwonse) osati choyambitsa moto

Thandizo loyamba lachangu la chopukusira ngodya, macheka ozungulira, ndi zoopsa za chainsaw

  1. Yesetsani kutaya magazi mwachangu nthawi yomweyo:
  2. Chainsaw ndi circular saw kickbacks ku ntchafu, groin, khosi, kapena pamphuno amatha kudula mitsempha ya chikazi, brachial, radial, kapena carotid, zomwe zimayambitsa kutaya magazi mu 2 mpaka 3 mphindi.
  3. Pa mabala a m'miyendo (mkono, dzanja, ntchafu, mwendo): Pakani nthawi yomweyo, kupondaponda molunjika pa chotengera chotuluka magazi ndi thabwa lochindikala la yopyapyala kapena malaya aukhondo. Ngati magazi akupitirizabe kuthamanga kapena kulowera pamphuno, gwiritsani ntchito windlass yamalonda ** tourniquet 5 mpaka 7 centimita (2 mpaka 3 mainchesi) pamwamba pa bala ** (pakati pa bala ndi mtima, osati molunjika pa bondo kapena pachigongono) ndi kupotoza mphepo yamkuntho mpaka kutuluka kwa magazi kutha; onani kutaya magazi thandizo loyamba.
  4. Pa mabala a pakhosi, paphewa, kapena pamphambano (pamene tourniquet singakwane): Longerani yopyapyala ya hemostatic (kapena yopyapyala yopyapyala) molimba m'chibowo cha magazi molunjika ku mtsempha wotuluka magazi ndipo gwirani mwamphamvu mosalekeza ndi manja onse awiri mpaka kufika kuchipatala. Musamangire bandeji yozungulira pakhosi.
  5. Sinthani zidutswa za disc-chopukusira zosweka:
  6. Gudumu lopangidwa ndi utomoni likaphulika pa 11,000 RPM, kagawo kakang'ono ka mawotchi opangidwa ndi fiberglass nthawi zambiri kamakwirira patsaya, khosi, diso, kapena pachifuwa.
  7. *Osatulutsa kachidutswa kakang'ono ka chopukusira. Mphepete mwa abrasive m'mphepete mwake imakhala ngati pulagi mkati mwa ziwiya zakumaso kapena zapakhosi; kuchikoka kumayambitsa kukha mwazi kosalamulirika. Pendetsani mozungulira kachidutswa kakang'ono ka disc ndi mipukutu yopyapyala kuti isagwedezeke, ndipo imbani 911, 112, kapena 999.
  8. Sungani zala zodulidwa kuchokera ku macheka a tebulo kapena macheka:
  9. Manga manambala aliwonse odulidwa mu yopyapyala yonyowa ndi mchere, ikani m'thumba la pulasitiki lopanda madzi lopanda madzi, ndikuyika chikwamacho pamadzi osamba osweka ndi madzi oundana (osati molunjika pa ayezi wopanda kanthu).

Pneumatic misomali mfuti zadzidzidzi

Misomali yopangira misomali imayatsa misomali yachitsulo ya 6-to-9-centimeter (2.5-to-3.5-inch) pa liwiro la 30 mpaka 45 metres pa sekondi imodzi (100 mpaka 150 mapazi pa sekondi iliyonse), pomwe zida zogwiritsa ntchito ufa (mfuti za Hilti/Ramset zogwiritsa ntchito .22 kapena .27 pamoto wophulika wa konkire) Mamita 150 pa sekondi iliyonse (mamita 330 mpaka 500 pa sekondi iliyonse)**, ofanana ndi chipolopolo chamfuti.

Chifukwa chiyani simuyenera kuzula msomali wamfuti yokhala ndi pliers

Pamene msomali womanga uwomberedwa pa chala, dzanja, bondo, kapena phazi, ogwira nawo ntchito amayesedwa kwambiri kuti agwire pliers ya kalipentala kapena nyundo yachitsulo ndikuyimitsa msomali pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Osatulutsa msomali wamfuti nokha, pazifukwa zitatu zazikulu za opaleshoni:

  1. Zingwe zopota ndi zingwe za mphete: Misomali yamakono yomangidwa palimodzi ndi waya woonda wamkuwa kapena utomoni wa pulasitiki umanyamula nsonga zakuthwa zingwe za waya wamkuwa kapena zidutswa za pulasitiki zopindika zowokeredwa pamtengo wa msomali, kapena zimakhala ndi annular masongole. Kukokera msomali m'mbuyo popanda X-ray kumakhala ngati kukoka mbedza yam'minga kupyola chala, ndikung'amba minyewa ya digito, mitsempha, ndi minyewa yopindika yomwe malo osalalawo amangokankhira pambali pakulowa.
  2. Matenda a mafupa a mkuwa/pulasitiki akunja: Ngakhale tsinde losalala la msomali litatuluka, tizitsulo ta waya tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono kapena tizidutswa ta pulasitiki timadulira pakhosi la mafupa ndikukhalabe m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osteomyelitis kapena nyamakazi pakadutsa milungu ingapo pokhapokha atachotsedwa opaleshoni.
  3. Kuvulala kwa minyewa pachifuwa, khosi, kapena chigaza: Msomali ukalowa pachifuwa (mtima/mapapu), khosi, pamimba, kapena pachigaza, chitsulocho chimatseka bowo pakhoma la mtima kapena chotengera chachikulu. Kuchitulutsa kunja kwa chipinda chopangira opaleshoni ya cardiothoracic kumayambitsa imfa yofulumira kuchokera ku magazi amkati kapena tamponade ya mtima.

Kuyankha kwapang'onopang'ono kuvulala kwa mfuti ya msomali

  1. Ngati msomali unakhomerera dzanja la wogwira ntchito, chala chake, kapena nsapato yake pamtengo kapena pansi:
  2. Musati ** osachotsa dzanja la wogwira ntchito pa msomali.
  3. M'malo mwake, chotsani payipi ya mpweya kuchokera kumfuti ya msomali poyamba, kenaka gwiritsani ntchito macheka opanda zingwe kapena macheka (kudula mosamala kutali ndi dzanja lovulala pamene mukuthandizira chiwalo kuti musagwedezeke) kuti ** kudula chipika chaching'ono cha 2x4 stud kapena plywood ** kuti matabwawo akhalebe omangiriridwa ku msomali ndikuyenda ndi wodwalayo kupita kuchipatala.
  4. Pezani chiwalocho: Mangani nsalu yopyapyala yopyapyala mozungulira misomali yotuluka ndi matabwa kuti chilichonse zisamenye msomali pa nthawi yoyendetsa, ndikupita kuchipinda chodzidzimutsa kuti madotolo awone ma X-ray amitundu iwiri (kuti awone ngati mafupa athyoka ndi zitsulo za waya wamkuwa) asanatulutse msomali pansi pa anesthesia wamba wamba.

Tip

Aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito makina ochapira, opopera utoto, makina opangira ma hydraulic, misomali, kapena misomali yopangira misomali ayenera kusunga zida zothandizira zowopsa (zokhala ndi ma tourniquets amalonda, shears, ndi gauze wokulirapo) pamalo ogwirira ntchito, ndikumaliza ntchito Imitsani Bleed ndi misomali yoyambira, maphunziro achitetezo a St John Ambulance, malo ophunzitsira a Red Cross.

Mafunso omwe amafunsidwa pafupipafupi

Kodi nchifukwa ninji chopopera penti yothamanga kwambiri kapena kuvulala kochapira kochapira kumakhala koopsa ngati kumangosiya kadontho kakang'ono pa chala?

Pa zipani za 100 mpaka 350 bar (1,500 mpaka 5,000 psi), jeti yopapatiza yamadzimadzi imaboola pakhungu la munthu pamtunda wopitilira 150 metres pa sekondi ngati jekeseni wopanda singano. Ngakhale dzenje lolowera pa chala ndi 1 millimeter m'lifupi ndipo silimakhetsa magazi, mamililita angapo a utoto wapoizoni, turpentine solvent, mafuta a hydraulic, kapena madzi odetsedwa aphulitsidwa mkati mwa zipinda zolimba za chala ndi m'mphepete mwa minyewa ya flexor tendon m'manja. M'maola ochepa chabe, mphamvu ya mkati imaphwanya magazi a chala pamene zosungunulira za mankhwala zimasungunula minyewa kuchokera mkati kupita kunja. Popanda kukomoka mwadzidzidzi m'chipinda chopangira opaleshoni mkati mwa maola 6 mpaka 10, 40 mpaka 80 peresenti ya zala zojambulidwa ndi utoto wopangidwa ndi mafuta kapena madzimadzi amadzimadzi ayenera kudulidwa.

Chifukwa chiyani sindiyenera kuyika paketi ya ayezi m'manja mwanga nditavulala ndi makina ochapira opopera kapena opopera utoto kuti kutupa kufooke?

Kupaka ayezi kapena mapaketi ozizira kuvulala kwa jekeseni wothamanga kwambiri ndikoletsedwa kwenikweni chifukwa chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chala ndi ischemia (kusowa kwa magazi). jekeseni yamadzimadziyi yayamba kale kupondaponda timitsempha ting'onoting'ono ta digito kuchokera mkati, ndipo mankhwala monga penti wochepetsetsa amachititsa kuti mitsempha ya magazi ikhale yoopsa. Kuyika ayezi m'manja kumayambitsa vasoconstriction yamphamvu yozizira yomwe imatseka magazi otsala a okosijeni, kufulumizitsa kufa kwa minofu (gangrene) ndikuwonjezera mwayi woti chala chidulidwe.

Njira yotetezeka kwambiri yowonera payipi yamadzimadzi pa thirakitala kapena chofufutira ngati pinbo yadontha ndi iti?

Osathamangitsa dzanja lanu lopanda kanthu kapena dzanja loguzitsidwa papaipi ya hydraulic kuti mumve kudontha, ndipo musamapukute cholumikizira chopanikizidwa ndi chiguduli pomwe injini kapena pampu ya hydraulic ikuyenda. Pinhole kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kali mu 200-bar (3,000-psi) hydraulic line ikuwombera ndege yamtambo yosaoneka yomwe imadutsa molunjika pagologolo lachikopa cha ng'ombe ndikubaya m'manja mwanu mafuta otentha a hydraulic. M'malo mwake, valani magalasi otetezera, manja anu ali kutali, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mudutse katoni yolimba, matabwa, kapena pepala panjira kuti muyang'ane malo amdima akuwonekera pa makatoni, ndiyeno muzimitsa injini ndikuyendetsa ma hydraulic levers kuti mutulutse magazi onse otsalira musanakhudze cholumikizira ndi wrench.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji kuvulala kochulukira kowopsa kotereku kumachitika anthu akamadula mano kapena chopukusira cha mainchesi 4.5?

Zopukusira m'manja zimazungulira pa liwiro lapamwamba kwambiri la 10,000 mpaka 11,500 RPM ndipo amapangidwa kuti azipera kapena kupukuta pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito ma disc ogundana, osaluma kwambiri ndi mano akuthwa. Wogwiritsa ntchito akakwera matabwa ozungulira-macheka kapena chojambula chojambula chamitundu yambiri pachopukusira (nthawi zambiri amachotsa chitetezo kuti chikhale chokwanira), mano amagunda mfundo kapena njere zamatabwa pa 11,000 RPM ndi kuthyola nthawi yomweyo. Chifukwa dzanja la munthu silingathe kukana mphamvu ya 11,000-RPM snag, chopukusiracho chimadzichotsa pakugwira kwa wogwiritsa ntchito mu milliseconds ndikukwera molunjika kudutsa dzanja lawo lamanzere, mkono, mmero, kapena ntchafu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa choyambitsa "bump-fire" ndi "sequential" pamfuti yamisomali?

Njira yolumikizirana ("bump-fire") (yomwe nthawi zambiri imakhala yakuda pamisomali yambiri yamalonda) imalola mmisiri kufinya ndikugwira chala chowombera pansi mosalekeza kotero kuti msomali uyatse nthawi iliyonse nsonga yamfuti ikagunda nkhuni. Ngakhale kuti akuthamanga kwambiri pobowola denga, ngati mfutiyo itatha kuwomberedwa ndipo mwangozi igunda bondo la kalipentala, nsapato, kapena dzanja lake lothandizira pamene chala chake chikadali pakuwombera, imawombera msomali wa 9 centimita molunjika m'thupi lawo. Choyambitsa chathunthu chotsatira (nthawi zambiri chamtundu wa lalanje kapena chosankhidwa ndi chosinthira) chimafuna kuti woyendetsayo akanikize nsonga ya mphuno ku nkhuni POYAMBA ndipo pokhapo amakoka chowombera pa msomali aliyense payekha, kudula kuvulala kopanda dala kwa mfuti ndi 50 peresenti malinga ndi maphunziro a NIOSH.

Ngati wina aponyera msomali m’chala kapena m’dzanja lake, n’chifukwa chiyani sitiyenera kuuzula ndi pliers tisanapite ku chipatala?

Misomali yomangirira yowomberedwa kuchokera ku misomali ya pneumatic imalumikizidwa palimodzi pogwiritsa ntchito waya wopyapyala wamkuwa wowokeredwa ku shaft ya msomali kapena timizere tapulasitiki tolimba, ndipo misomali yambiri imakhala ndi zingwe zopindika. Msomali ukawombera m'dzanja, zitsulo zakuthwa za waya kapena pulasitiki zimakhazikika m'mbali mwa tsinde la msomali mkati mwa thupi. Kukokera msomali m'mbuyo ndi pulasitala popanda X-ray kumakhala ngati kukokomeza mbedza yaminga kupyola chala, kuphwanya minyewa ya digito ndi mitsempha yoyandikana nayo kwinaku ndikukatula mapulasitiki opatsirana kapena zidutswa zamkuwa kupita kufupa ndi malo olumikizana. Nthawi zonse siyani msomali m'malo mwake, tambani dzanja, ndipo mulole dokotala wadzidzidzi kuti auchotse atatenga ma X-ray.

Maupangiri ogwirizana

Magwero afufuzidwa

  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH / CDC, United States): Kupewa Kuvulala kwa Needlestick-Monga High-Pressure Fluid ndi Chitetezo cha Mfuti ya Nail: Guide for Construction Contractors (NIOSH Publication No. 2011-202)
  • American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) ndi British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH): Malangizo Othandizira Ochipatala a Kuvulala kwa Kuthamanga Kwambiri Kwambiri (Kuwonongeka kwa Opaleshoni Pakati pa Maola a 6)
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Zida Zamagetsi Zamanja ndi Zonyamula Pamanja ndi Zida Zina Zogwirizira Pamanja (29 CFR 1910.242 / 29 CFR 1926.302: Mfuti Zopanda Mpweya, Magudumu Abrasive, ndi Chainsaws)
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Chitetezo pa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Magudumu Abrasive (HSG17), Zidziwitso Zowonongeka kwa Hydraulic Injection, ndi Chainsaws at Work (INDG317)
  • Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, United States): Machenjezo angozi ya Washer wa Pressure Washer ndi Power Saw Blade Guard Safety Alerts