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Ibikomere vy'urushinge rw'umuvuduko munini n'ugusubira inyuma kw'igikoresho c'umuyagankuba

Igitigiri c'ivyihutirwa gitandukanye hakurikijwe igihugu. Iyi paji ikoresha 911, inomero ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika na Canada. Ibindi bihugu vyinshi bikoresha 112, 999 canke uwundi mubare. Rondera umubare w'igihugu cawe.

Mu bikomere vyose vyo ku kazi no mu rugo, ibikomere vyo guterwa n’amazi y’umuvuduko munini ni vyo bitera akaga kuruta ibindi vyose bifatwa nk’ibidahambaye mu bikorwa vy’ubuvuzi. Iyo nyen’inzu canke umukozi w’inganda akubura umutwe w’igikoresho co gusukura, igikoresho co gutera irangi ritagira umwuka, imbunda y’amavuta, igikoresho co gutera amavuta ya dizeli, canke igikoresho co gutera amavuta y’amazi, umugezi w’amazi ugenda ku rutoke canke ku kiganza, umugezi w’amazi ugenda ku muvuduko uri hagati ya **150 na 350 metero ku segonda, 501. imikazo y’100 gushika ku 700 bar (amapawundi 1.500 gushika ku 10.000 ku nkuru y’inci / psi). Kubera ko urukoba rw’umuntu rutoborwa n’umugezi uwo ari wo wose w’amazi urenga nka 7 bar (100 psi), iyo ndege itera ibipfunsi bigororotse biciye mu maganzu y’urukoba no mu ruhu rw’urukoba ata n’aho isigaye, igasiga gusa akagingo ngengabuzima gatoyi, katagira amaraso, katagira ububabare k’ububabare bw’imilimetero 1, ku ruhu rw’umubiri. amazi yuzuye imigera gushika mu bihimba vy’imitsi y’umubiri (flexor tendon) gushika mu kiganza no mu kuboko kw’imbere.

Kubera ko urutoke rusa n’urusanzwe mu masaha 2 canke 4 ya mbere, abashikiwe n’ico kiza barakunda gushirako umugozi wifatanya n’akadodo gatoyi maze bakaja kuryama, canke bagasohoka mu mavuriro y’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa bafata imiti igabanya ubukana bw’indwara. Mu masaha 6 gushika ku 12, umururumba mwinshi cane w’imiti be n’ukuvyimba kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri bifise umuvuduko munini bica amaraso aja mu mitsi aja ku gicapo. Ibitabu vy’ubuvuzi vyerekana ko iyo gukuraho ububabare mu kubagwa no gukuraho ububabare mu cumba co kubagiramwo gikomeye bicerejwe birenze amasaha 6 gushika ku 10, igipimo co guca urutoke canke ukuboko kiduga kikava munsi y’ibice 15 kw’ijana kikaja hagati ya 40 na 80 kw’ijana (na cane cane iyo umuntu akoresheje amarangi akoreshwa amavuta, amarangi akoreshwa mu mazi n’amarangi akoreshwa mu gutera amazi). Ivyo nyene vyihuta kandi bitababarira ni ibikomere vy’ugutera imbere biva ku bikoresho vy’amashanyarazi biva ku bikoresho vy’ugusya imfuruka, ibikoresho vy’ugusya, ibikoresho vy’iminyororo, n’imbunda z’imisumari zikoreshwa n’umuyaga. Kumenya ingene womenya ubwo nyene igikomere c’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini, igituma udakwiye kwigera utera urushinge ku kuboko kwatewe urushinge, be n’ingene wovyifatamwo iyo umuntu amenetse amadisiki y’urushinge rwo mu mfuruka be n’imisumari y’urushinge rwinjijwemwo, birakiza amaguru n’ubuzima.

Ivyo ubikore ubu

  1. Fata urukoba rwose rukoranye n’igikoresho co gusukura, igikoresho co gutera irangi ritagira umwuka, igikoresho co gutera irangi kitagira umwuka, igikoresho co gutera amavuta, canke igikoresho co gutera amavuta nk’ikibazo c’ubuzima n’amaguru. Naho urutoke rwoba rufise akadomo gatoyi gusa k’imilimetero 1, ntiruva amaraso, kandi rukaba rudababaza cane mu ntango kugira ngo ushire ku bitaro vya Levelca canke kuri Centre-1. umuganga w'amagufa/w'ibiganza.
  2. Bwira umuforoma wo mu cumba c'ubuvuzi bw'ivyihutirwa umuvuduko nyawo wa PSI/bar n'umuti nyawo watewe. Vuga neza: *"Iki ni igikomere co guterwa n'amazi y'umuvuduko munini ku [X] PSI n'[irangi ry'umunyu / irangi ry'amavuta / amazi y'amazi / amazi yo gusukura umuvuduko]; bisaba gupima neza." igikombe c’irangi canke urupapuro rw’amakuru yerekeye umutekano (SDS) uri kumwe nawe.
  3. NTUKIGERE ushirako barafu, amapaki akonje, canke ibipfukisho bikomeye ku gikomere c’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini, kandi ntukigere ugerageza gufyonda amazi ngo hanze. Amazi yaterwa arasanzwe ashonje urutoke rw’amaraso atemba mu mitsi mu gufyonda imitsi y’imitsi y’amabara yugarijwe kuva imbere; gutera barafu bituma imitsi igira ububabare bukomeye cane bituma umubiri wihuta gutera gangrene n’ugucagura.
  4. Shirako igikoresho co gufatanya canke umukazo ukomeye ubwo nyene ku bikomere vy’urusenga vy’uruzitiro, urusenga rw’uruziga, canke urusenga rw’uruzitiro. Igikoresho c’amashanyarazi kickback kenshi gica umutsi w’umubiri, w’umubiri, w’amaboko canke w’umubiri; n’ushire igitambaro gisukuye cane mu gikomere canke ushireko igikoresho co gukingira umuyaga c’ubudandaji kiri hejuru y’igikomere c’amaguru n’amaboko kiriko kirasohoka, hanyuma uhamagare inomero y’ivyihutirwa yo mu karere kawe (911 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no muri Kanada, 112 mu Bumwe bw’Uburayi bwose, 999 mu Bwongereza) inomero z'ivyihutirwa.
  5. NTUKIGEZE ukura umusumari w’imbunda y’umusumari ukoreshwa n’umuyaga umanitswe mu gihanga, mu gikiriza, mu jisho, mu ngingo, canke mu ntoke zibiri. Gukura umusumari w’amabuye canke w’impeta mu murima biratabura imitsi, imitsi, n’imitsi y’amaraso kandi bikazana indwara y’amagufa yimbitse; n’uce urubaho rw’ibiti rudavuye mu nyubakwa kugira ngo ako gace k’ibiti gatoyi kagende n’umurwayi, canke ushire umutwe w’umusumari usohotse mu kibanza cawo kugira ngo umuntu akuremwo imishwarara y’izuba.
  6. Ntukigere ukora ku muyoboro w’amazi ufise umuvuduko canke ku murongo w’injector ya dizeli n’ukuboko kwawe canke n’igitambaro kugira ngo uronde aho amazi asohoka. Ivyombo bitaboneka bikoreshwa n’imirongo y’amazi ku 200 gushika kuri 300 bar (3.000 gushika kuri 4.500 psi) bica mu maganzu y’urukoba aremereye nk’umuco wa laser; wama ufate igipande kirekire c’ikarata canke igiti kugira ngo urabe ko ata gihu kiva.
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    NailSite -->|"Umutwe, Izosi, Igifu, Ijisho canke Inda"| LifeThreat["Hamagara kuri 911 / 112 / 999 ubwo nyene; NTUKIGERE ukora canke ukura umusumari; guhagarika umurwayi"]
    NailSite -->|"Ikiganza, Urutoke, Ikirenge, canke Ivi"| LimbNail["NTUKURE umusumari ukoresheje amapinze; kata igiti gifatanye n'ubuntu iyo gipfutse, gica igihimba c'umubiri, uje kwa ER kugira ngo gikurwemwo imishwarara ya X"]

Ibikomere vy’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini: kuki akabombo gatoyi gatuma umuntu acirwa

Abantu benshi biyumvira yuko iyo umugezi w’umuvuduko munini ukubise ukuboko kwabo ata n’agace kanini, urukoba rwaca ruhindura iyo miti. Mu vy’ukuri, indege zitwara amazi zifise umuvuduko munini zigira nk’urushinge rwo munsi y’urukoba rukora ku rugero rwo hejuru rw’ijwi.

Inkomoko y'ibikoresho Umuvuduko wo gukoresha Umuvuduko w'amazi n'inyifato yo kwinjira Ubumara bw'imiti n'ingorane zo guca igihimba c'umubiri
Igikoresho co gutera irangi ritagira umwuka 140 gushika kuri 250 (2.000 gushika kuri 3.600 psi) Igenda iva ku mpera ishobora gusubirwamwo ku >200 m/s; itobora urukoba kuva ku ntambwe zishika kuri santimetero 15 igihe umuntu akuraho umunwa wazibiye Icoba kinini cane co guca umubiri (40% gushika kuri 80% ku marangi/ibikoresho bikoreshwa amavuta): Ivyuma vy’umuriro vyera, turpentine, na xylene birasenyura utugingo ngengabuzima maze bikazana necrose y’imiti ihita; Irangi ry'amazi ryitwa latex ritwara ingorane zo hasi ariko zikomeye cane
Igikoresho co gusukura gikoreshwa na peteroli canke umuyagankuba (0° Umutuku canke 15° Umuhondo Isonga) 100 gushika kuri 300 (1.500 gushika kuri 4.400 psi) Kwibanda ku gisohoka cose c'ipompa y'amazi mu gitereko c'ikaramu y'amabuye y'agaciro; ibice bigororotse biciye mu nkweto z'imipira, inkweto zo gukina, n'amaganzu y'urukoba Ingorane nyinshi zo kwandura n’ugushika mu bice: Bituma amazi yo mu bidengeri/mu ruzi atagira ubumara afise umuvuduko munini, imigera yo mw’ivu (Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus), ububi, n’ibibumbano vy’umuyaga (emphysème yo munsi y’urukoba) bishika kure cane mu magufa no mu nzira y’imitsi
Ikinogo c'amazi (Ivyuma bicukura, Amataratara, Ivyuma biterura, Ivyuma bicapura ibiti) 140 gushika kuri 350 (2.000 gushika kuri 5.000 psi) Icobo c’urushe gitoyi cane kiri mu nzira y’icuma iboshe kirasa umuyaga w’amavuta y’amazi ashushe y’ubushuhe bwa 80°C (176°F) Ico kibazo gikomeye co guca umubiri: Amazi ashushe y’amazi atera umuriro w’ubushuhe icarimwe, ugufatanya kw’ibihimba vy’umubiri, n’urupfu rwinshi rw’imitsi y’umubiri w’amahanga
Igikoresho co gutera amavuta ya dizeli (Imoteri n'Imirongo y'Ibarabara) 200 gushika ku 2.500 (3.000 gushika ku 36.000 psi) Igitero c'amavuta ya dizeli mu gihe c'igerageza ry'intebe canke amaraso arekura, cinjira mu rukoba, mu mitsi no mu magufa ubwo nyene Ico kibazo co guca igihimba c’umubiri (>70% iyo gicerewe): Amavuta ya dizeli ni ikintu gitera ubumara bw’imitsi y’umubiri gitera ibinure vyo munsi y’urukoba amazi kandi kigatuma umuntu agira indwara y’ibisebe vy’umubiri vyihuta
Imbunda y'amavuta y'umuyaga canke y'ivyuma 350 gushika kuri 700 (5.000 gushika kuri 10.000 psi) Amavuta manini manini ya litiyumu canke molibdène disulfide asohotse mu gipfukisho ca Zerk gipfutse atobora ikiganza canke urutoke . Ikibazo c’ubumuga budakira n’ugucagura: Inzira z’amavuta aremereye zidashobora gufatwa n’amazi ziri ku nzira y’imitsi; bisaba ko umuntu abagwa neza kugira ngo akureho imbere y’uko fibrose ikonjera ukuboko

Uko amazi akurikira kuva ku mpera y'urutoke aja ku kuboko kw'imbere mu milisegonda

Iyo umupfunda w’umuvuduko munini ukubise ku gipande c’urutoke rw’urutoke canke rw’urutoke rwa hagati (ivyo biharuro bibiri bikunze gukomeretswa cane), iyo nzira y’amazi yinjira gushika iteye ku igufa rikomeye ry’urutugu canke ku rubavu rw’umutsi w’urutugu rukomeye cane:

  1. Ugukevya ku ndege z’umubiri: Iyo ukubitse ku igufa rikomeye canke ku mutsi, iyo jet y’ama psi 3.000 irakevya mu ruhande no hafi (ijuru yerekeza ku kiganza), irasa imbere cane mu flexor tendon synovial sheath canke ku mirongo y’imitsi y’ubwonko nk’amazi. Mu masegonda 0,1, irangi canke amavuta y’amazi atewe mu mpera y’urutoke ruto canke rw’igikumwe birashobora guca mu kiganza cose bikaja mu kibanza ca Parona kiri mu kiganza co hasi**.
  2. Ugusenyuka kw'urutoke mu ntambwe zitatu:
  3. Intambwe ya 1: Gukura kw’umubiri (Immediate): Urutoke rw’umuntu rufise hafi zero y’icumba c’inyongera imbere mu mpande y’urukoba rwarwo rwinshi. Gutera amazi militiro 2 gushika kuri 5 gusa (igice c’akayiko k’icayi) mu rutoke biratuma umuvuduko wo mu gice co mu mutima uzamura hejuru y’umuvuduko w’amaraso w’umurwayi, ivyo bikaba bituma ututsi dutoduto n’imitsi y’amaraso bisenyuka mu buryo bw’ubuhinga.
  4. Intambwe ya 2: Ubumara bw’imiti (Amasaha 1 gushika ku 6): Ivyo gutera amavuta, ivyuma bitera irangi, amavuta ya dizeli, n’amavuta y’amazi birasenyura inkuta z’ingingo z’amaraso, bitera amaproteine, kandi bikazana thrombose myinshi y’imitsi.
  5. Intambwe ya 3: Indwara y’imigera itera indwara (Amasaha ya 6 gushika kuri 24): Kubera ko ubu umubiri wapfuye burundu kandi ukaba ufise inzara y’umwuka w’amaraso n’utugingo ngengabuzima twera), imigera yinjizwa n’umutwe w’amaraso yanduye iragwira cane, igatuma umuntu agira gangrene, surpgitation,

"Igice c'ubuhendanyi" gihenda abarwayi n'abaganga

Danger

Ntukigere urindira ko igikomere c’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini gitangura kubabara canke kuvyimba imbere y’uko uja mu bitaro. Mu masaha 2 canke 4 ya mbere inyuma y’aho umuntu akoresheje igikoresho co gusukura, gutera irangi canke gutera urushinge rw’amazi, mu bisanzwe urutoke rurumva gusa ububabare bukeyi canke rudakomeye cane kandi rusa n’urusanzwe rwose kiretse akadomo gatoyi k’agatotsi. Igihe ububabare bukomeye butera, urukoba rutukura/rutukura, n’ibivyimba bimeze nk’ivy’isosi bigaragara haciye amasaha 4 gushika ku 8, urupfu rw’imitsi rudashobora gusubira inyuma ruramaze gutangura.

Intambwe ku yindi y'ubutabazi bwa mbere ku gikomere c'urushinge rw'umuvuduko mwinshi

  1. Hagarika akazi ubwo nyene ukureho impeta zose, amasaha, n’amaganzu: Kura impeta zose z’ubugeni canke impeta zo ku kiganza cakomeretse mu masegonda 60 ya mbere imbere y’uko urutoke ruvyimba rugafunga.
  2. NTUSIKE barafu canke amazi akanye: Bitandukanye n’ibikomere bisanzwe canke ibikomere bitewe n’ubushuhe aho gukonja bifasha, gushirako barafu ku gikomere c’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini birabujijwe cane. Imbeho irafunga imitsi y’amaraso isigaye mu rutoke, igatuma umuntu yihuta gutakaza amaraso n’ugufatwa n’indwara y’ibihaha.
  3. NTUFYENYE, NTUKATE, canke ngo ugerageze kunyonga irangi canke amavuta mu mfuruka y’ibara ry’agahama: Gufyonda urutoke rwatewe irangi canke amavuta bituma iyo miti igera kure cane ku ndege z’imitsi kandi bikongera bikongera imitsi y’imitsi yakomeretse.
  4. NTUKIRE umugozi ukomeye (kiretse iyo hari amaraso ava mu mitsi): Ivyumba vyinshi vy’urushinge ntibiva amaraso na gato. Zingira ukuboko mu mpuzu yumye kandi idashobora gutera inda, hanyuma ushire igihimba c’ikiganza n’ikiganza mu kibanza ciza kitagira aho kigarukira, kiduzwe ku rugero rw’umutima (ntituduzwe cane kigororotse mu kirere nimba urutoke rwari rusanzwe rufise ibara ry’agahama kandi rudafise amaraso, kuko gushirwa hejuru cane bigabanya umuvuduko w’amaraso yinjira mu mubiri).
  5. Gumana umurwayi NPO (ntaco mu kanwa: nta vyo kurya, nta mazi, nta n’imiti y’ububabare imira n’ibirahuri binini vy’amazi): Umurwayi azokenera guterwa umuti w’ububabare bwihuse canke guterwa umutsi w’akarere mu cumba co kubagiramwo mu masaha makeyi kugira ngo urutoke n’ikiganza bifunguke mu gicapo c’uruziga (zig-zag incision) to)rush and. Kurya canke kunywa mu nzira uja mu bitaro biratuma umuntu ateba gutera umuti w’ububabare muri rusangi.
  6. Genda ugororotse mu bitaro bikomeye bifise ubushobozi bwo kubaga amaboko (simbuka amavuriro y’ubuvuzi bwihutirwa): Ivuriro ry’ubuvuzi ntirishobora gukora decompression y’umutsi w’umubiri wo mu cumba co kubagiramwo. Ku bitaro, urabe neza ko umugwi w’abaganga batangura imiti y’imigera y’imitsi, kwirinda indwara ya tetanus, imishwarara (yerekana irangi ry’amabuye y’agaciro/titanium canke ibibumbano vy’umuyaga biri munsi y’urukoba bikurikirana ikiganza), n’imirasire y’izuba **Hand Surgery consult in the golden-6.

Igikoresho c'umuyagankuba kickback: imfuruka, inkero z'uruziga, n'inkero z'uruzitiro

Ibikoresho vyo gukata vy’umuvuduko munini bibika inguvu nyinshi cane z’uguhinduka. Iyo uruhande rwo guca ruboshe, rupfutse canke rufata ku gikoresho, izo nguvu zose zizunguruka zica zihinduka ubwo nyene zikaba inguvu z’ugusubira inyuma (kickback), zigatera urusenga rwo gucapura canke uruhande rwo gucapura ruca rusubira inyuma ruja mu maso y’uwukoresha, mw’izosi, ku mubiri canke ku matako ku muvuduko mwinshi kuruta uwo umuntu ashobora gusubiramwo.

Ubwoko bw'igikoresho c'amashanyarazi Gusubira inyuma / Uburyo bwo kunanirwa Igishushanyo c'ibikomere bisanzwe Ingenzi z'ingenzi n'ubugenzuzi bwa PPE
Igikoresho co gusya (115 mm / 4,5-inch gushika kuri 230 mm / 9-inch, kizunguruka ku 6.600 gushika ku 11.000 RPM) Igipfunsi c’ivyuma canke igipfunsi co hejuru: Igipfukisho gipfutse gipfutse gipfutse mu mfuruka, kigatera, canke kikarenga urugero rwaco rwa RPM rwacapwe maze kigaturika kikaba ibice vy’umubiri ku >80 metero ku segonda (180 mph); canke ibiti bitemewe n'amategeko Ivyinjira mu maso, mw’izosi (jugular/carotid), no mu maso vy’ibice vy’umubiri biva ku bice vy’amadisiki y’ivyuma vyamenetse; imitsi y'inyuma y'ukuboko kutaganza Ntukigere ukuraho igikingira uruziga rw’icuma; wama ufata igikoresho co ku ruhande co gufasha maze ukagifata n’ibiganza vyose; guhura n'igipimo ca RPM c'idisiki >= RPM y'umusenyi; kwambara Ibirahuri vy’umutekano VYOSE N’ingabo yuzuye mu maso (ANSI Z87.1+); ntukigere ushirako urusenga rw'ibiti rufise amenyo canke umugozi wo kubaza ku gikoresho co gusya
Urukero rw'uruziga (Skilsaw) n'urukero rwo ku meza Kerf-pinch rear blade kickback: Uko urubaho rucaguwe ata n’iherezo ryiza rifashe, igice gicaguwe (kerf) kiratemba maze kigacapura amenyo aduga inyuma y’urusenga ruzunguruka, kigatera urukero inyuma ruvuye mu giti ku itako ry’uwurukoresha canke ku kuboko gushigikira Guca urukumu rw’ibubamfu, urutoke rw’urutoke n’urwo hagati (igihe umuntu afashe urubaho hafi cane y’inzira y’ibara); umutsi w'igitsina gore ushitse imbere y'itako Shigikira uruhande ruhamye rw’urubaho ku mafarasi y’ibiti kugira ngo igice gicitse kigwe kure, kigufungure uruzitiro; ntukigere ufata canke ngo ufungure umugozi wo hasi wo kurinda ibara ry’iteleskope; Koresha icumu ry'ugucapura maze usunike inkoni ku meza
Igikoresho co gukoresha amavuta canke umuyagankuba Upper-top guide nose kickback: Igice co hejuru c'izuru ry'umurongozi (Ikibanza c'akaga) gikora ku ishami, igiti ca kabiri, canke hasi, kigatuma amenyo y'uruzitiro azunguruka aja hasi ku kintu gikomeye maze kigakubita umurongo hejuru mu **0.0 seconds ku **0.2. Ivyago vy’ugutabura (avulsion) ku rutugu rw’ibubamfu, mw’izosi, mu maso, canke ku itako/ivi ry’ibubamfu (amenyo y’uruzitiro arya umuyoboro w’inyama w’ubwaguke bwa santimetero 1 aho guca n’icumu ryiza) Gumana urukumu rw’ibubamfu ruzingiye rwose munsi y’umurongo w’imbere (ni co gituma kickback isunika inyuma y’ikiganza c’ibubamfu ku inertie chain brake paddle); kwambara ibipande vy’urusenga vy’i Kevlar/ivy’ibara ry’agahama (UL / EN 381-5) n’inkofero ifise igikingira mu maso; ntukigere ukata n'isonga ry'umugozi
Imbunda y'umusumari ikoreshwa n'umuyaga, idafise umugozi, canke ikoreshwa n'ifu (Framing Nailer) Urugendo rwo gukorana ("bump-fire") umuriro ugira kabiri: Uwukoresha afata igikoresho co gutera umuriro gipfutse hasi ubudasiba; iyo imaze gutera umusumari, iyo mbunda irasubira inyuma maze igatera ku giti canke ku ivi/ukuboko kw’uwuyikoresha, igatera umusumari wa kabiri utari wiyumviriye w’amasentimetero 9 (3,5-inch) . Gumanika umusumari w’icuma biciye mu ntoke/amagufa, mu ngingo y’ivi, mu kirenge, mu itako, mu gikiriza (ugutera umutima), canke mu gihanga (ugukomeretswa n’ubwonko) Igihe cose ukoreshe Full Sequential Trigger (bisaba gukandagira umutwe w’izuru ku giti mbere yo gukurura igikoresho ku musumari wose) aho gukoresha igikoresho co gutera umuriro

Ubutabazi bwambere buhuse ku gikomere co gusya, urukero rw'uruziga, n'urukero rw'uruzitiro

  1. Gucungera amaraso ava mu mitsi ashobora gutuma umuntu apfa ubwo nyene:
  2. Gutera umugozi w’urusenga n’urusenga rw’uruziga ku itako, ku rubavu, ku ijosi canke ku kuboko kw’imbere birashobora guca imitsi y’igitsina gore, y’amaboko, y’imbere canke y’umutwe, bigatuma umuntu atakaza amaraso ashobora kwica mu minota 2 canke 3.
  3. Ku bikomere vyo mu bihimba vy’umubiri (ukuboko, ukuboko, itako, ukuguru): Ushireko ubwo nyene, ukajanjagura umukazo ushitse ku nzira y’amaraso ukoresheje igipande kinini c’impuzu y’imbere canke ishati y’akazi isukuye. Nimba amaraso abandanya gusohoka canke gutonyanga ku gice c’umubiri, ushireko igikoresho co gutera umuyaga **igikoresho co gutera umuyaga co mu bucuruzi kiri hejuru y’igikomere kiri ku masentimetero 5 gushika ku 7 (inci 2 gushika ku 3) (hagati y’igikomere n’umutima, ntukigere ugitera hejuru y’ivi canke y’inkokora) hanyuma ugobeke igikoresho co gutera umuyaga gushika amaraso ahagaze; reba gusohoka amaraso ubutabazi bwambere.
  4. Ku bikomere vyo mw’izosi, ku rutugu canke mu rutugu (aho umugozi udashobora gushika): Pakira igitambaro co gukingira amaraso (canke igitambaro co gukingira amaraso) ushiremwo neza mu mfuruka y’amaraso, ushire ku mutsi w’amaraso maze ufate umukazo w’amaboko udahinduka, udatezuka, ukoresheje ibiganza vyose bibiri. Ntukigere uzingira umugozi w’uruzitiro mw’izosi.
  5. Gucungera ibice vy'idisiki y'imfuruka:
  6. Iyo uruziga rwo gucapura rufatanye n’ivyuma ruturikiye ku 11.000 RPM, igice c’uruziga rwo gucapura gikomeye gifise ishusho y’ukwezi, akenshi kiraguma mu matama, mw’izosi, mu maso canke mu gikiriza c’uwuwukoresha.
  7. Ntukigere ukura igice c’uruziga rw’igikoresho co gusya. Uruziga rwo gusya rufise amahembe rukora nk’igipfukisho imbere mu mitsi yo mu maso canke yo mw’izosi yacitse; kuyikuramwo bituma umuntu ava amaraso ataco ashobora gukora. Ikikuje igice c'idisiki gisohotse n'imizingo myinshi y'impuzu kugira ngo ntikinyiganyige, hanyuma uhamagare 911, 112, canke 999.
  8. Zingama intoke zicitse ku nkoko zo ku meza canke ku nkoko zo ku meza:
  9. Zingira imirongo yose yaciwe mu mpuzu y’umunyu, uyishire mu musaho w’ipulasitike wumye udashobora guterwa n’amazi, hanyuma ushire iyo musaho ku gikarabiro c’urubura n’amazi (ntiwigere uyishira ku rubarafu rudafise ikintu).

Imbunda y'umusumari imanikwa vyihutirwa

Imbunda zikoreshwa mu gutera imisumari zitera imisumari y’icuma ifise uburebure bwa santimetero 6 gushika ku 9 (2,5 gushika ku 3,5 inch) ku muvuduko wo hagati ya metero 30 na 45 ku segonda (amafuti 100 gushika ku 150 ku segonda), mu gihe ibikoresho bikoreshwa n’impumuro (imbunda za Hilti/Ramset) zikoresha imbunda zikoreshwa n’imbunda zifise uburebure bwa .272 canke .2.72. ivyuma bifatanya muri beton ku metero 100 gushika kuri 150 ku segonda (amafuti 330 gushika kuri 500 ku segonda), bingana n’isasu ry’imbunda.

Kubera iki udakwiye kwigera ukura umusumari w'imbunda ukoresheje amapinze

Iyo umusumari wo gutera urutoke, ku kiganza, ku ivi canke ku kirenge, abo bakorana barageragezwa cane no gufata umusumari w’umubaji canke inyundo y’urutoke maze bakawukurayo aho bakorera. Ntukigere ukura umusumari w'imbunda wewe nyene, kubera imvo zitatu zikomeye zo kubaga:

  1. Imirongo y’intsinga n’ibipfunsi vy’impeta: Imisumari y’ubuhinga bwa none ifashwe hamwe mu mirongo n’intsinga y’umuringa canke y’ipulasitike itwara imirongo y’umuringa canke ibice vy’impuzu vy’ipulasitike bifise amahembe bifatanye n’igiti c’umusumari, canke ifise ibipfunsi vy’impeta. Gukwega umusumari inyuma ata n’imwe ikoresheje imishwarara ya X bikora nk’ugukwega urusenga rw’amafi rufise amababa mu rutoke, ugacapura imitsi y’umubiri, imitsi y’umubiri be n’imitsi y’umubiri idakomeretse, iyo nzira iryoshe cane yasunika gusa ku ruhande iyo yinjiye.
  2. Indwara y’amagufa y’umubiri w’umuringa/ipulasitike: Naho umusumari uryoshe wosohoka, utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw’umuringa canke utugingo ngengabuzima dutoduto tw’ipulasitike turakura ku ruhu rw’igufa maze tugakomeza gufatwa mu kibanza c’amagufa canke mu mfuruka y’amagufa, bikaba bitera indwara y’amagufa canke indwara y’amagufa idashobora gusenyuka.
  3. Vascular tamponade mu gikiriza, mw’izosi, canke mu bikomere vy’igihanga: Iyo umusumari winjiye mu gikiriza (umutima/amahaha), mw’izosi, mu nda, canke mu gihanga, umugozi w’icuma uba uriko urazibira umwobo uri mu ruhome rw’umutima canke mu mutsi munini. Kuyikura hanze y’icumba co kubagiramwo umutima bituma umuntu apfa ningoga kubera kuva amaraso imbere canke umutima uhagaze.

Intambwe ku yindi inyishu ku gukomeretswa kw'imbunda y'umusumari

  1. Nimba umusumari washize ukuboko kw’umukozi, urutoke canke inkweto ku giti canke ku giti co hasi:
  2. Ntu ukure ukuboko kw'umukozi ku musumari.
  3. Ahubwo, banza ushire umuyoboro w’umuyaga ku mbunda y’umusumari, hanyuma ukoreshe urukero canke urukero rw’amaboko rudafise umugozi (ukata witonze kure y’ukuboko kwakomeretse mu gihe ushigikiye igihimba c’umubiri kugira ngo ntihagire ukunyiganyiga) kugira ngo uce akabuto gatoyi k’ibiti 2x4 canke plywood kugira ngo igiti c’ibiti kigume gifise umusumari icumba.
  4. Pad and splint the limb: Zingira umusumari n’igiti biva hanze kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu na kimwe gitera umutwe w’umusumari mu gihe co gutwara, hanyuma ugende mu cumba c’ubuvuzi bw’ivyihutirwa kugira ngo abaganga bashobore gufata imishwarara y’amagufa (kugira ngo bamenye ko ata magufa yamenetse n’imitsi y’umuringa) imbere yo gukura umusumari uri munsi y’umusumari.

Tip

Umuntu wese akoresha amashini yo gusukura amazi, akoresha amarangi, amashini akoresha amazi, amasego y’uruzitiro, canke amashini akoresha imisumari, akwiye kuguma afise igikoresho co gufasha abakomeretse (gifise ibikoresho vyo gukingira abakomeretse, ibikoresho vyo gukeba abakomeretse, n’igitambaro co gupfuka) ahantu umuntu ashobora gushika aho akorera, maze akarangiza ivyigwa vy’amaboko kuva kuri Red Crossi the St Stop Ambulance, canke ikigo c’amahugurwa y’umutekano wo ku kazi.

Ibibazo bikunda kubazwa

Ni kubera iki igikoresho co gutera irangi canke igikoresho co gusukura gikoreshwa n’inguvu nyinshi gitera akaga cane mu gihe gisiga gusa akadomo gatoyi k’urutoke?

Ku gipimo c’amazi kiri hagati ya 100 na 350 bar (1.500 na 5.000 psi), iyo ndege y’amazi y’agahomerabunwa iratobekeranya urukoba rw’umuntu ku giciro c’imetero zirenga 150 ku segonda nk’igikoresho co gutera urushinge rwo mu ruhu rudafise urushinge. Naho ico kinogo co kwinjiramwo kiri ku mpera y’urutoke gifise ubwaguke bwa milimetero 1 gusa kandi kikaba kidasohoka amaraso, militiro nyinshi z’irangi ry’ubumara, umuti witwa turpentine, amavuta y’amazi canke amazi yanduye vyaraturitswe imbere cane mu bice bikomeye vy’urutoke no mu bihimba vy’imitsi y’ikiganza. Mu masaha makeyi, umukazo wo mu mutima uramenagura amaraso y’urutoke agafunga mu gihe imiti y’imiti ipfunyariza utugingo ngengabuzima kuva imbere gushika hanze. Hatariho ugukuraho ububabare bw’umubiri mu buryo bwihutirwa mu cumba co kubagiramwo mu masaha 6 gushika ku 10, intoke 40 gushika ku 80 kw’ijana ziterwa n’irangi ry’amavuta canke amazi y’amazi zitegerezwa gucirwa.

Ni kuki ntashobora gushiramwo igipapuro c’urubura ku kuboko kwanje inyuma y’ugukomeretswa nkoresheje igikoresho co gusukura canke co gutera irangi kugira ngo ukuvyimba kugume hasi?

Gutera barafu canke amapaki akonje ku gikomere c’urushinge rw’umuvuduko munini birabujijwe cane kubera ko ikintu nyamukuru cotera urutoke ari ischemie (ukubura amaraso mu mitsi). Uwo mutobe utera umuntu aramaze gufatanya ututsi dutoduto tw’umubiri tuva imbere, kandi imiti nk’iyitwa paint thinner iratuma ututsi tw’amaraso tugira ububabare bukomeye. Gushira urubura ku kiganza bituma habaho ugucika kw’imitsi bikomeye bitewe n’ubukonje bifunga amaraso asigaye afise umwuka mwiza, bigatuma utugingo ngengabuzima twihuta gupfa (gangrene) kandi bigatuma urutoke rushobora gucirwa.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwiza bwo gusuzuma ko umuyoboro w’amazi uri ku traktere canke ku gikoresho co gucukura ata n’imwe ivuye?

Ntukigere ukoresha ukuboko kwawe ata co ufise canke ukuboko kwawe gufise amaganzu ku nzira y’amazi ikoreshwa n’umuyagankuba kugira ngo wumve ko hari ikintu kivuye, kandi ntukigere uhanagura ikintu gifise umuyagankuba n’igitambaro mu gihe moteri canke ipompo y’amazi iriko irakora. Igikoko gitoyi cane gisohoka mu murongo w’amazi w’amabara 200 (3.000-psi) kirasa umuyaga w’umugabo hafi utaboneka uzoca ugororotse mu maganzu maremare y’urukoba rw’inka maze ukagutera amavuta y’amazi ashushe gushika kure cane mu kuboko kwawe. Ahubwo, wambare amabarabara y’umutekano, ushire ibiganza vyawe kure cane, maze buhoro buhoro ushire igipande kirekire c’ikarata ikomeye, ibiti vy’ibisigazwa canke impapuro ku nzira y’amazi kugira ngo urondere ahantu h’umwirabura hatose kaboneka ku karata, hanyuma uzime moteri maze ukoreshe amazi kugira ngo ukoreshe amaraso yose.

Ni kubera iki abantu benshi bakomereka cane iyo bashize urusenga rwo guca ibiti canke rwo gucapura urusenga rufise amenyo ku gikoresho co gusya c’amasentimetero 4,5?

Ivyo bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gusya bikoreshwa n’amaboko birazunguruka ku muvuduko munini cane wo kuva ku 10.000 gushika ku 11.500 ku munota kandi bikoreshwa gusa mu gusya canke gusya ibintu buhorobuhoro bikoresheje amadisiki y’ugusya, ntivyigere bifata ibintu bininibinini bifise amenyo atyaye. Iyo uwukoresha ashize urusenga rw’ibiti rufise uruziga canke urusenga rw’amenyo menshi rwo kubaza ku gikoresho co gusya (kenshi akuraho ikintu co kurinda kugira ngo kibe kibereye), ayo menyo akubita urudodo canke urutete rw’igiti ku 11.000 RPM maze agaca afata ubwo nyene. Kubera ko ukuboko kw’umuntu kudashobora kunanira umuvuduko w’umuvuduko w’inkoni y’ibilometero 11.000, iyo nkoko irayikura mu minwe y’uwuyikoresha mu masegonda makeyi maze ikaduga igororotse ikajabuka ukuboko kwabo kw’ibubamfu, ukuboko kw’imbere, umuhogo canke itako.

Ni itandukaniro irihe riri hagati y'igikoresho co gutera "bump-fire" n'igikoresho co gutera "sequential" ku mbunda y'umusumari?

Igikoresho co gutera umusumari ("bump-fire") (kenshi gifise ibara ryirabura ku bikoresho vyinshi vy'ubudandaji) gituma umubaji ashobora gufyonda no gufata urutoke rw'umusumari hasi ataco akora ku buryo umusumari utera igihe cose umutwe w'izuru ry'imbunda utera ku giti. Naho nyene iyo mbunda yihuta ku bijanye no gupfuka igisenge, iyo imbunda isubiye inyuma inyuma y’aho irashwe maze igatera mu mpanuka ubwa kabiri ku ivi ry’umubaji, ku nkweto canke ku kiganza co kumufasha mu gihe urutoke rwabo rukiri ku ntugu, irasa umusumari w’amasentimetero 9 ugororotse mu mubiri wabo. Igikoresho co gutera umusumari gikurikirana (kenshi gifise ibara ry’umuhondo canke gishobora gutorwa n’igikoresho co guhindura) gisaba ko uwugikoresha akanda ku mutwe w’izuru ku giti UBANZE hanyuma gusa agakura igikoresho co gutera umusumari ku musumari umwe umwe, kigaca ibikomere vy’umusumari bitagamije n’ibice birenga 50 kw’ijana nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na NIOSH buvyerekana.

Iyo umuntu arashe umusumari wo gucapura mu rutoke canke mu kuboko, kuki tutawukuramwo n’ibipfunsi imbere y’uko tuja mu bitaro?

Inzara zikoreshwa mu gutera imisumari zikoreshwa n’umuyaga zirashirwa hamwe hakoreshejwe umugozi w’umuringa mutoyi ufatanye n’umugozi w’umusumari canke imisumari ikomeye y’ipulasitike ifise amahembe, kandi imisumari myinshi irafise amahembe y’impeta afise amahembe. Iyo umusumari uteye mu kiganza, amabuye atyaye y’urutsinga rw’umuringa canke y’ipulasitike aguma afashe ku mpande z’urutsinga rw’umusumari imbere mu mubiri. Gukwega umusumari inyuma ukoresheje amapinze ata n’imirasire y’izuba bikora nk’ugukwega urusenga rw’amafi rufise amahembe mu rutoke, ugacagura imitsi n’imitsi y’amabara iri hafi mu gihe ugakura ibice vy’ipulasitike canke vy’umuringa vyandukira bikaja mu magufa no mu kibanza c’ingingo. Imisi yose usige umusumari mu kibanza cawo, uce ukuboko, hanyuma ureke umuganga w’ivyihutirwa akureho amaze gufata imishwarara.

Inyobora zifitaniye isano

Amasoko yasuzumwe

  • Ikigo c’Igihugu c’Umutekano n’Ubuzima ku Kazi (NIOSH / CDC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika): Gukingira ibikomere biterwa n’amazi y’umuvuduko munini ameze nk’urushinge be n’umutekano w’imbunda z’imisumari: Inyobora ku bakozi b’ubwubatsi (Igitabu ca NIOSH No. 2011-202)
  • American Society for Surgery of the Hand (ASSH) and British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH): Clinical Practice Guidelines for High-Pressure Injection Injuries of the Upper Extremity (Surgical Decompression Within 6 Hours)
  • Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA, United States): Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equipment Standard (29 CFR 1910.242 / 29 CFR 1926.302: Airless Spray Guns, Abrasive Wheels, and Chainsaws)
  • Health and Safety Executive (HSE, United Kingdom): Safety in the Use of Abrasive Wheels (HSG17), Hydraulic Injection Injury Alerts, and Chainsaws at Work (INDG317)
  • Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC, United States): Pressure Washer Injection Hazard Warnings and Power Saw Blade Guard Safety Alerts